{"$update": {"1200": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}, "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5179": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAACAATATACAATTAAATTTAACCAAATCAATCATAAATTGACAGATTTACGATCACTTAACATCGATCATCTTTATGCTTACCAATTTGAAAAAATAGCACTTATTGGGGGTAATGGTACTGGTAAAACCACATTACTAAATATGATTGCTCAAAAAACAAAACCAGAATCTGGAACAGTTGAAACGAATGGCGAAATTCAATATTTTGAACAGCTTAACATGGATGTGGAAAATGATTTTAACACGTTAGACGGTAGTTTAATGAGTGAACTCCATATACCTATGCATACAACCGACAGTATGAGTGGTGGTGAAAAAGCAAAATATAAATTACGTAATGTCATATCAAATTATAGTCCGATATTACTTTTAGATGAACCTACAAATCACTTGGATAAAATTGGTAAAGATTATCTGAATAATATTTTAAAATATTACTATGGTACTTTAATTATAGTAAGTCACGATAGAGCACTTATAGACCAAATTGCTGACACAATTTGGGATATACAAGAAGATGGCACAATAAGAGTGTTTAAAGGTAATTACACACAGTATCAAAATCAATATGAACAAGAACAGTTAGAACAACAACGTAAATATGAACAGTATATAAGTGAAAAACAAAGATTGTCCCAAGCCAGTAAAGCTAAACGAAATCAAGCGCAACAAATGGCACAAGCATCATCAAAACAAAAAAATAAAAGTATAGCACCAGATCGTTTAAGTGCATCAAAAGAAAAAGGCACGGTTGAGAAGGCTGCTCAAAAACAAGCTAAGCATATTGAAAAAAGAATGGAACATTTGGAAGAAGTTGAAAAACCACAAAGTTATCATGAATTCAATTTTCCACAAAATAAAATTTATGATATCCATAATAATTATCCAATCATTGCACAAAATCTAACATTGGTTAAAGGAAGTCAAAAACTGCTAACACAAGTACGATTCCAAATACCATATGGCAAAAATATAGCGCTCGTAGGTGCAAATGGTGTAGGTAAGACAACTTTACTTGAAGCTATTTACCACCAAATAGAGGGAATTGATTGTTCTCCTAAAGTGCAAATGGCATACTATCGTCAACTTGCTTATGAAGACATGCGTGACGTTTCATTATTGCAATATTTAATGGATGAAACGGATTCATCAGAATCATTCAGTAGAGCTATTTTAAATAACTTGGGTTTAAATGAAGCACTTGAGCGTTCTTGTAATGTTTTGAGTGGTGGGGAAAGAACGAAATTATCGTTAGCAGTATTATTTTCAACGAAAGCGAATATGTTAATTTTGGATGAACCAACTAATTTTTTAGATATTAAAACATTAGAAGCATTAGAAATGTTTATGAATAAATATCCTGGAATCATTTTGTTTACATCACATGATACAAGGTTTGTTAAACATGTATCAGATAAAAAATGGGAATTAACAGGACAATCTATTCATGATATAACTTAA", "fmax": "1809", "accession": "X52085.1", "fmin": "342", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1282", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36868"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAA36304.1", "sequence": "MEQYTIKFNQINHKLTDLRSLNIDHLYAYQFEKIALIGGNGTGKTTLLNMIAQKTKPESGTVETNGEIQYFEQLNMDVENDFNTLDGSLMSELHIPMHTTDSMSGGEKAKYKLRNVISNYSPILLLDEPTNHLDKIGKDYLNNILKYYYGTLIIVSHDRALIDQIADTIWDIQEDGTIRVFKGNYTQYQNQYEQEQLEQQRKYEQYISEKQRLSQASKAKRNQAQQMAQASSKQKNKSIAPDRLSASKEKGTVEKAAQKQAKHIEKRMEHLEEVEKPQSYHEFNFPQNKIYDIHNNYPIIAQNLTLVKGSQKLLTQVRFQIPYGKNIALVGANGVGKTTLLEAIYHQIEGIDCSPKVQMAYYRQLAYEDMRDVSLLQYLMDETDSSESFSRAILNNLGLNEALERSCNVLSGGERTKLSLAVLFSTKANMLILDEPTNFLDIKTLEALEMFMNKYPGIILFTSHDTRFVKHVSDKKWELTGQSIHDIT"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "800"}}}}}}, "798": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "429": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5279": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTAGAACATTCAAAATTATGTTGATAGCCGGCGTCATCGCCGCCATCGGGGGCGTGATTTACATGGCCGGCGAAGCACTATGGGATAAAGACAACGCCGTCGGCCCCCCGGCCAGCGCGCCGCCTCCACCGTCGGTACCGGTTGCTAAAGCCCTTAGCCGTACACTCGCGCCTACGGCGGAATTCACCGGTTTTCTGGCCGCGCCGGAAACCGTGGAGCTGCGTTCGCGCGTGGGAGGAACCCTTGACGCCATCAGCGTTCCGGAAGGACGTCTGGTAAGCCGCGGACAACTGCTGTTCCAGATCGATCCGCGCCCGTTCGAGGTCGCCCTCGACACCGCCGTCGCGCAATTACGTCAGGCTGAAGTACTGGCCCGCCAGGCGCAGGCGGATTTCGATCGCATTCAACGACTGGTCGCCAGCGGCGCCGTATCACGTAAAAACGCTGACGATGTCACCGCCACGCGTAATGCGCGACAGGCGCAGATGCAATCGGCCAAAGCCGCCGTCGCCGCAGCGCGCCTTGAACTCTCCTGGACCCGTATTACCGCGCCCATTGCCGGACGCGTTGACCGCATACTGGTGACCCGGGGCAATCTGGTCAGCGGCGGCGTAGCGGGTAACGCCACGCTTCTGACGACTATCGTGTCTCACAATCCCATGTATGTGTATTTCGATATTGACGAAGCCACCTGGCTGAAGGCGTTACGGCATACCCGCTCCGACAAAAATCCACCGGTAGTCAACATGGGGTTAACCACCGATAACGGGCTGCCTTATCAGGGCGTACTCGACTTTATGGGCAATCAGATGAACCGCAGCACCGGCACTATCCGGGCACGCGCCGTGATTCCTGACCCCGACGGAATGCTTTCTCCCGGCCTGTTTGCCCGAATCAGTTTGCCCATCGGCGAGCCGCGGGAAACCGTGCTGATTGACGATCTGGCGGTGAGCGCCGATCAGGGCAAAAACTATGTGCTGATCGTCGGCAAGGAGAATCAGGTGGAGTATCGTCCGGTTGAGTTGGGACAAATGGTCGATGGATTCCGCGTCGTTACACAGGGAGTACTGCCGGGAGAAAAAATCATCCTCAAGGGGCTGGTGCGTCCTGGCATGACCGTTGCGCCACGTCTGGTGCCGATGCGGCAGAATGTGACCGACAAACAGACCGCGACATTGACTAAAGCGGACGGCGACAGTGCGCCGAAGGCGGTGCGCCAATGA", "fmax": "398284", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "397057", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL19306.1", "sequence": "MRRTFKIMLIAGVIAAIGGVIYMAGEALWDKDNAVGPPASAPPPPSVPVAKALSRTLAPTAEFTGFLAAPETVELRSRVGGTLDAISVPEGRLVSRGQLLFQIDPRPFEVALDTAVAQLRQAEVLARQAQADFDRIQRLVASGAVSRKNADDVTATRNARQAQMQSAKAAVAAARLELSWTRITAPIAGRVDRILVTRGNLVSGGVAGNATLLTTIVSHNPMYVYFDIDEATWLKALRHTRSDKNPPVVNMGLTTDNGLPYQGVLDFMGNQMNRSTGTIRARAVIPDPDGMLSPGLFARISLPIGEPRETVLIDDLAVSADQGKNYVLIVGKENQVEYRPVELGQMVDGFRVVTQGVLPGEKIILKGLVRPGMTVAPRLVPMRQNVTDKQTATLTKADGDSAPKAVRQ"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1942": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5242": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGAAGGCTGACGGCCGCGCTGTGTGCTCTGACCCTGCTCTCGACTGGCGCGCAGGCGCAAACCATCAAGGATTTTCTGGCAGTCGCCATGAAGAAATGGACGGCGCCGTTCGAGCCGTTCCAGCTCATCGACAACATCTACTATGTCGGAACCGACGGCATTGCCGTCTATGTCATCAAGACATCGCAGGGCCTGATCCTGATGGACACGGCGATGCCCCAGTCAACCGGCATGATCAAGGACAATATTGCGAAGCTCGGCTTCAAGGTTGCCGATATCAAGCTCATCCTCAACACGCACGCGCATCTCGACCACACCGGCGGCTTCGCCGAGATCAAGAAGGAGACCGGCGCGCAGCTCGTTGCCGGCGAGCGCGACAAGCCACTGCTCGAAGGCGGCTACTATCCGGGTGACGAGAAAAACGAGGACCTCGCCTTCCCCGCGGTGAAAGTCGATCGCGCGGTGAAGGAAGGCGACAGGGTCACGCTCGGAGACACCACGCTGACGGCACACGCAACACCCGGCCACTCGCCGGGCTGCACCAGCTGGGAGATGACCGTCAAGGACGGCAAGGAGGACCGCGAGGTGCTGTTCTTCTGTAGCGGCACGGTGGCGCTGAACCGGCTGGTCGGCCAGCCGACCTATGCCGGCATCGTCGACGACTACCGCGCGACTTTCGCCAAGGCCAAGGCGATGAAGATCGACGTGCTGCTCGGGCCGCATCCGGAAGTCTATGGCATGCAGGCCAAGCGCGCAGAGATGAAGGATGGCGCGCCGAACCCGTTCATCAAGCCGGGCGAGCTCGTGACCTACGCGACCAGCCTGTCGGAGGATTTCGACAAGCAGCTCGCCAAGCAGACCGCGGCGCTGGAGAAGAAATAG", "fmax": "6170807", "accession": "CP011360.1", "fmin": "6169922", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "224911", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42583"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AND91341.1", "sequence": "MRRLTAALCALTLLSTGAQAQTIKDFLAVAMKKWTAPFEPFQLIDNIYYVGTDGIAVYVIKTSQGLILMDTAMPQSTGMIKDNIAKLGFKVADIKLILNTHAHLDHTGGFAEIKKETGAQLVAGERDKPLLEGGYYPGDEKNEDLAFPAVKVDRAVKEGDRVTLGDTTLTAHATPGHSPGCTSWEMTVKDGKEDREVLFFCSGTVALNRLVGQPTYAGIVDDYRATFAKAKAMKIDVLLGPHPEVYGMQAKRAEMKDGAPNPFIKPGELVTYATSLSEDFDKQLAKQTAALEKK"}}}}}}}, "3252": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "345": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "342": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "810": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5248": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAAATTTATATTAGTGTGCTAGTTCTTTTACTAATTATGATTATAATAACTTGGTTATTCAAAGATGACGATATTGAGAAAACAATTAGTTCTATTGAAAAAGGAAACTATAACGAAGTATATAAAAATAGTTCAGAAAAATCTAAACTGGCATATGGAGAAGAAGAAATTGTAGATAGGAATAAAAAAATTTACAAAGATTTAAGTGTCAATAACTTAAAAATTACTAATCATGAAATTAAAAAAACTGGAAAAGATAAAAAGCAAGTTGATGTTAAATATAACATATATACAAAATATGGAACTATACGACGTAATACACAATTAAACTTTATTTATGAAGATAAGCATTGGAAATTAGATTGGAGACCAGACGTAATAGTACCTGGTTTGAAAAATGGACAGAAAATTAATATAGAAACATTAAAATCAGAGCGAGGCAAAATAAAAGATAGAAATGGTATAGAATTAGCTAAAACTGGAAATACATATGAAATCGGTATTGTCCCTAACAAAACACCCAAAGAAAAATATGATGATATTGCTCGTGACTTACAAATTGATACAAAAGCTATAACCAATAAAGTTAATCAAAAATGGGTTCAGCCAGATTCATTTGTACCAATTAAAAAGATAAATAAACAAGATGAATATATAGACAAATTAATTAAATCATACAATTTACAAATAAACACTATAAAAAGCCGTGTTTATCCATTGAACGAAGCAACAGTACACCTTTTAGGTTATGTGGGTCCAATTAATTCTGACGAGTTAAAAAGTAAGCAATTTAGAAACTATAGCAAAAATACTGTTATTGGAAAAAAAGGCTTAGAACGCCTCTATGATAAACAATTGCAAAACACTGATGGTTTTAAGGTATCCATTGCAAATACTTATGACAATAAACCTTTAGACACATTATTGGAGAAAAAGGCTGAAAACGGAAAAGATCTTCATTTAACTATAGATGCTAGAGTACAAGAAAGTATTTATAAACATATGAAAAATGACGATGGATCTGGTACAGCATTACAACCAAAAACTGGAGAAATTTTAGCTTTGGTAAGTACCCCATCGTACGATGTTTATCCATTCATGAATGGATTAAGCAATAATGACTACCGTAAATTAACTAACAATAAAAAAGAGCCTTTGCTCAACAAATTTCAAATCACTACATCACCAGGTTCAACCCAAAAAATATTAACATCTATTATAGCCTTAAAAGAAAATAAACTAGACAAAAATACTAATTTTGATATTTATGGTAAGGGTTGGCAAAAAGATGCATCATGGGGGAATTATAATATCACAAGATTTAAAGTAGTAGACGGCAATATCGATTTAAAGCAAGCAATAGAATCATCAGACAACATATTTTTTGCCCGCATTGCATTAGCATTAGGAGCCAAAAAATTTGAGCAAGGTATGCAAGATTTGGGAATCGGTGAAAATATCCCGAGTGATTATCCCTTTTATAAAGCACAAATCTCAAATAGTAATTTAAAAAATGAAATATTATTAGCAGATTCAGGATATGGCCAAGGCGAGATACTAGTAAACCCTATACAAATTTTATCAATATACAGTGCTTTAGAAAATAACGGAAATATACAAAATCCTCATGTTTTACGTAAAACAAAATCTCAAATATGGAAAAAAGATATTATACCTAAAAAAGACATAGATATATTAACTAATGGTATGGAACGTGTAGTTAATAAAACACATAGGGATGATATATACAAAAATTATGCCCGAATTATTGGTAAATCTGGCACAGCAGAATTAAAAATGAATCAAGGGGAAACTGGAAGACAAATAGGTTGGTTTGTTTCATATAATAAAAATAATCCTAATATGTTAATGGCGATTAATGTTAAAGACGTTCAAAATAAAGGGATGGCCAGCTATAATGCTACTATATCTGGAAAAGTTTATGATGATTTGTATGATAATGGAAAAACTCAATTTGATATAGATCAGTAA", "fmax": "37678", "accession": "FR821779.1", "fmin": "35680", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus LGA251", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "985006", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42590"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CCC86795.1", "sequence": "MKKIYISVLVLLLIMIIITWLFKDDDIEKTISSIEKGNYNEVYKNSSEKSKLAYGEEEIVDRNKKIYKDLSVNNLKITNHEIKKTGKDKKQVDVKYNIYTKYGTIRRNTQLNFIYEDKHWKLDWRPDVIVPGLKNGQKINIETLKSERGKIKDRNGIELAKTGNTYEIGIVPNKTPKEKYDDIARDLQIDTKAITNKVNQKWVQPDSFVPIKKINKQDEYIDKLIKSYNLQINTIKSRVYPLNEATVHLLGYVGPINSDELKSKQFRNYSKNTVIGKKGLERLYDKQLQNTDGFKVSIANTYDNKPLDTLLEKKAENGKDLHLTIDARVQESIYKHMKNDDGSGTALQPKTGEILALVSTPSYDVYPFMNGLSNNDYRKLTNNKKEPLLNKFQITTSPGSTQKILTSIIALKENKLDKNTNFDIYGKGWQKDASWGNYNITRFKVVDGNIDLKQAIESSDNIFFARIALALGAKKFEQGMQDLGIGENIPSDYPFYKAQISNSNLKNEILLADSGYGQGEILVNPIQILSIYSALENNGNIQNPHVLRKTKSQIWKKDIIPKKDIDILTNGMERVVNKTHRDDIYKNYARIIGKSGTAELKMNQGETGRQIGWFVSYNKNNPNMLMAINVKDVQNKGMASYNATISGKVYDDLYDNGKTQFDIDQ"}}}}}}}, "812": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "CMY-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"1114": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella aerogenes"}}}}}}}}}}, "2850": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5394": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCGACCTTGCGAGAGAAATTACACCGGTCAACATTGAGGAGGAGCTGAAGAGCTCCTATCTGGATTATGCGATGTCGGTCATTGTTGGCCGTGCGCTGCCGGATGTCCGAGATGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACACCGTCGCGTACTTTACGCCATGAACGTATTGGGCAATGACTGGAACAAAGCCTATAAAAAATCTGCCCGTGTCGTTGGTGACGTAATCGGTAAATACCATCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTGTATGACACCATCGTTCGTATGGCGCAGCCATTCTCGCTGCGTTACATGCTGGTGGATGGTCAGGGTAACTTCGGTTCTATTGACGGCGACTCCGCGGCGGCAATGCGTTATACGGAGATCCGTCTGGCGAAAATCGCCCACGAACTGATGGCCGATCTCGAAAAAGAGACGGTGGATTTCGTGGATAACTATGACGGTACGGAAAAAATTCCGGACGTCATGCCGACCAAAATTCCGAATCTGCTGGTGAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATCGCAGTAGGTATGGCGACGAATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGACGGAAGTGATTAACGGCTGCCTGGCGTATATCGACAACGAAGACATCAGCATTGAAGGGCTGATGGAACATATTCCGGGGCCGGACTTCCCGACCGCCGCGATCATCAACGGTCGTCGTGGTATCGAAGAAGCCTACCGCACCGGTCGTGGCAAAGTGTACATTCGCGCCCGCGCGGAAGTTGAAGCTGACGCCAAAACGGGCCGTGAAACCATCATCGTCCATGAAATTCCCTATCAGGTGAACAAAGCGCGCCTGATCGAGAAAATCGCCGAGCTGGTGAAAGATAAACGCGTGGAAGGCATCAGCGCGCTGCGTGACGAATCCGACAAAGACGGGATGCGCATCGTGATTGAAGTGAAACGCGATGCGGTGGGCGAGGTGGTGCTTAATAATCTCTACTCCCAGACCCAGCTACAGGTTTCCTTCGGTATTAACATGGTGGCGCTGCATCACGGCCAGCCGAAGATCATGAACCTGAAAGATATCATTTCAGCGTTCGTGCGCCACCGCCGTGAAGTGGTGACGCGTCGGACTATTTTTGAACTGCGTAAAGCCCGTGACCGTGCGCATATCCTTGAAGCTCTGGCGATTGCGCTGGCCAACATCGACCCGATTATCGAACTGATTCGCCGCGCGCCAACGCCGGCGGAAGCAAAAGCGGCGCTGATTTCGCGTCCGTGGGATCTGGGCAACGTTGCTGCGATGCTGGAGCGCGCTGGTGATGACGCCGCGCGTCCGGAATGGCTGGAGCCAGAATTTGGCGTGCGTGACGGTCAGTACTACCTGACTGAACAGCAGGCGCAGGCGATTCTGGATCTGCGTTTGCAGAAACTGACCGGCCTGGAGCATGAAAAACTGCTCGACGAATACAAAGAGCTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGAATTGCTGCACATTCTGGGCAGCGCCGATCGCCTGATGGAAGTGATCCGCGAAGAGATGGAGTTAATTCGCGATCAGTTCGGCGATGAGCGTCGTACCGAAATCACCGCCAACAGCGCCGATATTAATATCGAAGATCTGATTAGCCAGGAAGATGTTGTCGTGACGCTGTCTCACCAGGGTTACGTCAAATATCAACCGCTGACAGATTACGAAGCGCAACGTCGTGGTGGGAAAGGTAAATCTGCCGCGCGTATTAAAGAAGAAGACTTTATCGACCGCCTGCTGGTGGCTAACACCCATGACACCATCCTCTGCTTCTCCAGCCGGGGCCGTCTGTACTGGATGAAGGTCTATCAGCTGCCGGAAGCCAGCCGCGGCGCGCGCGGTCGTCCGATCGTCAACCTGCTGCCGCTGGAAGCCAACGAACGTATCACCGCGATTCTGCCGGTTCGTGAGTATGAAGAAGGCGTCAACGTCTTTATGGCGACCGCCAGCGGTACCGTGAAGAAAACGGCGCTGACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCGCGTTCCGCCGGTATTATCGCGGTGAACCTCAACGACGGCGACGAGCTGATTGGCGTTGACCTGACTTCTGGTTCTGACGAAGTCATGCTGTTCTCGGCCGCGGGTAAAGTGGTGCGCTTCAAAGAAGACGCCGTCCGTGCGATGGGGCGTACCGCGACCGGTGTGCGCGGTATTAAGCTGGCGGGAGACGATAAAGTCGTCTCTCTGATCATCCCACGCGGCGAAGGCGCTATTCTGACCGTAACGCAAAACGGCTACGGGAAGCGTACCGCAGCGGACGAGTACCCGACCAAGTCTCGTGCGACGCAGGGCGTTATCTCTATCAAAGTGACCGAGCGCAACGGTTCCGTTGTCGGTGCGGTACAGGTAGACGATTGCGACCAGATCATGATGATCACGGATGCCGGTACTCTGGTGCGTACCCGTGTGTCCGAGATCAGCGTAGTGGGACGTAATACCCAGGGCGTTATCCTTATCCGCACGGCGGAAGATGAAAACGTGGTGGGTCTGCAACGCGTTGCTGAACCGGTAGATGACGAAGAACTCGACGCTATCGACGGCAGCGTGGCGGAAGGGGATGAGGATATCGCCCCGGAAGCGGAAAGCGATGACGACGTTGCGGATGACGCTGACGAGTAA", "fmax": "2376346", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "2373709", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL21173.1", "sequence": "MSDLAREITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMNVLGNDWNKAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDSAAAMRYTEIRLAKIAHELMADLEKETVDFVDNYDGTEKIPDVMPTKIPNLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTEVINGCLAYIDNEDISIEGLMEHIPGPDFPTAAIINGRRGIEEAYRTGRGKVYIRARAEVEADAKTGRETIIVHEIPYQVNKARLIEKIAELVKDKRVEGISALRDESDKDGMRIVIEVKRDAVGEVVLNNLYSQTQLQVSFGINMVALHHGQPKIMNLKDIISAFVRHRREVVTRRTIFELRKARDRAHILEALAIALANIDPIIELIRRAPTPAEAKAALISRPWDLGNVAAMLERAGDDAARPEWLEPEFGVRDGQYYLTEQQAQAILDLRLQKLTGLEHEKLLDEYKELLEQIAELLHILGSADRLMEVIREEMELIRDQFGDERRTEITANSADINIEDLISQEDVVVTLSHQGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSAARIKEEDFIDRLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWMKVYQLPEASRGARGRPIVNLLPLEANERITAILPVREYEEGVNVFMATASGTVKKTALTEFSRPRSAGIIAVNLNDGDELIGVDLTSGSDEVMLFSAAGKVVRFKEDAVRAMGRTATGVRGIKLAGDDKVVSLIIPRGEGAILTVTQNGYGKRTAADEYPTKSRATQGVISIKVTERNGSVVGAVQVDDCDQIMMITDAGTLVRTRVSEISVVGRNTQGVILIRTAEDENVVGLQRVAEPVDDEELDAIDGSVAEGDEDIAPEAESDDDVADDADE"}}}}}}}, "712": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5222": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGAATTATTTTGAGAGTCCCTTCAAAGGGAAGCTTCTGACTGAGCAGGTGAAGAATCCGAACATCAAGGTAGGGCGGTATAGCTACTATTCCGGCTATTACCATGGGCACTCGTTTGATGATTGTGCTCGCTACCTTCTACCAGACCGTGATGACGTTGATCAGCTGATTATCGGCAGCTTCTGCTCCATCGGATCAGGCGCAGCTTTTATTATGGCTGGGAATCAAGGCCACCGATATGATTGGGTCTCTTCTTTCCCTTTCTTCTACATGAACGAGGAGCCCGCGTTTGCAAAATCAGTCGATGCATTCCAGCGGGCTGGCGACACAGTTATAGGAAGTGATGTGTGGATCGGTTCGGAGGCCATGATCATGCCCGGGATCAAGATCGGGCATGGAGCGGTGATAGGTAGCCGCGCTTTGGTTACCAAAGACGTGGAACCCTACACCATAGTGGGGGGAAACCCTGCAAAGTCGATTAGGAAGCGCTTTTCTGAAGAAGAAATTTCTATGCTTTTAGATATGGCTTGGTGGGATTGGCCGCTGGAACAAATCAAGGAAGCAATGCCTTTTCTTTGTTCGTCTGGCATTGCCAGCCTGTATCGTCGCTGGCAAGGCACAAGCGCCTAA", "fmax": "4157", "accession": "AY232670.1", "fmin": "3524", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pasteurella multocida", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "747", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36867"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAP15294.1", "sequence": "MTNYFESPFKGKLLTEQVKNPNIKVGRYSYYSGYYHGHSFDDCARYLLPDRDDVDQLIIGSFCSIGSGAAFIMAGNQGHRYDWVSSFPFFYMNEEPAFAKSVDAFQRAGDTVIGSDVWIGSEAMIMPGIKIGHGAVIGSRALVTKDVEPYTIVGGNPAKSIRKRFSEEEISMLLDMAWWDWPLEQIKEAMPFLCSSGIASLYRRWQGTSA"}}}}}}}, "1491": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "550"}}}}}}, "1701": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"274": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium fortuitum"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2317": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "1067": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5525": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAACAGTCATCCCACTTCTCCTGGCGCTACCCCCTCGCACTCGCGGCCGTACTGGTCCTGAGCGCCTGCGGCAAGGCCCCGGAAACCACCCAAGGCATGGCGGCGCCCAAGGTCAGCGTCGCCGAAGTCATCGAACAACCGCTGAACGAGTGGGACGAATTCACCGGCCGCCTGGAGGCCCCGGAGTCGGTGGAGCTGCGCCCGCGGGTGTCGGGCTACATCGACCGCGTGGCCTTCCATGAAGGCGCACTGGTGAAGAAAGGCGACCTGCTGTTCCAGATCGACCCGCGCCCGTTCGAGGCCGAGGTCAAGCGCCTCGAAGCCCAGCTGCAACAGGCCCGCGCGGCCCAGGCGCGGAGCGTCAACGAAGCCCAGCGCGGCGAACGCCTGCGCGCCAGCAACGCGATCTCCGCGGAACTCGCCGACGCCCGCACCACCGCCGCCCAGGAAGCCAAGGCGGCGGTCGCCGCGACCCAGGCGCAACTGGACGCGGCGCGCCTGAACCTGAGCTTCACCCGGATCACCGCGCCGATCGACGGTCGCGTCAGCCGCGCCGAGGTCACCGCCGGCAACCTGGTCAACTCCGGGGAGACCCTGCTCACCACCCTGGTCAGCACCGACAAGGTCTACGCCTACTTCGACGCCGACGAGCGCGTGTTCCTCAAGTACGTCGAGCTGGCCCGCCAGGCCGGTCGCGACACGCGCAGCGAGAGCCCGGTGTACCTCGGCCTGAGCAGCGAGGACGGCAACCCGCACCTGGGCCGGCTGGACTTCCTCGACAACCAGGTCAACCCGCGTACCGGCACCATCCGCGGCCGCGCCGTGTTCGACAACGCCAAGGGCGAGTTCACCCCGGGCCTCTACGTGCGCCTGAAGCTGGTCGGCAGCAAGACCTACGCCGCCACCCTGATCAAGGACGAAGCGGTCGGCACCGACCTGGGCAAGAAGTTCGTGCTGGTCCTGGATGGCGACAACAAGACCGTCTACCGCACCGTCGAGATGGGACCGAAGCTGGAGGGCCTGCGCATCGTCCGCAGCGGCCTGAGCAAGGGCGACCGGATCGTCGTGAATGGCCTGCAGCGGGTCCGCCCGGGCATGCAGGTGGATCCGCAGAAGGTCGAGATGGCCAGCGCCGACACCCTGGCCACCCTCGCGCGCCTGCGGCAGTCGGTCGGCGACAGCGAACCACCGAAGGTGGCGGCGTCCAAGGACAACGCCACTCGCAACGAGCCGCGCGGCTGA", "fmax": "2809987", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2808742", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05881.1", "sequence": "MEQSSHFSWRYPLALAAVLVLSACGKAPETTQGMAAPKVSVAEVIEQPLNEWDEFTGRLEAPESVELRPRVSGYIDRVAFHEGALVKKGDLLFQIDPRPFEAEVKRLEAQLQQARAAQARSVNEAQRGERLRASNAISAELADARTTAAQEAKAAVAATQAQLDAARLNLSFTRITAPIDGRVSRAEVTAGNLVNSGETLLTTLVSTDKVYAYFDADERVFLKYVELARQAGRDTRSESPVYLGLSSEDGNPHLGRLDFLDNQVNPRTGTIRGRAVFDNAKGEFTPGLYVRLKLVGSKTYAATLIKDEAVGTDLGKKFVLVLDGDNKTVYRTVEMGPKLEGLRIVRSGLSKGDRIVVNGLQRVRPGMQVDPQKVEMASADTLATLARLRQSVGDSEPPKVAASKDNATRNEPRG"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1665": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1664": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "593": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "592": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "597": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2147": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5280": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGTCTAAAGAAAAATTTGAACGTACAAAACCGCACGTTAACGTTGGTACTATCGGCCACGTTGACCACGGTAAAACTACTCTGACCGCTGCAATCACCACCGTACTGGCTAAAACCTACGGCGGTGCTGCTCGTGCATTCGACCAGATCGATAACGCGCCGGAAGAAAAAGCTCGTGGTATCACCATCAACACTTCTCACGTTGAATACGACACCCCGACCCGTCACTACGCACACGTAGACTGCCCGGGGCACGCCGACTATGTTAAAAACATGATCACCGGTGCTGCTCAGATGGACGGCGCGATCCTGGTAGTTGCTGCGACTGACGGCCCGATGCCGCAGACTCGTGAGCACATCCTGCTGGGTCGTCAGGTAGGCGTTCCGTACATCATCGTGTTCCTGAACAAATGCGACATGGTTGATGACGAAGAGCTGCTGGAACTGGTTGAAATGGAAGTTCGTGAACTTCTGTCTCAGTACGACTTCCCGGGCGACGACACTCCGATCGTTCGTGGTTCTGCTCTGAAAGCGCTGGAAGGCGACGCAGAGTGGGAAGCGAAAATCCTGGAACTGGCTGGCTTCCTGGATTCTTATATTCCGGAACCAGAGCGTGCGATTGACAAGCCGTTCCTGCTGCCGATCGAAGACGTATTCTCCATCTCCGGTCGTGGTACCGTTGTTACCGGTCGTGTAGAACGCGGTATCATCAAAGTTGGTGAAGAAGTTGAAATCGTTGGTATCAAAGAGACTCAGAAGTCTACCTGTACTGGCGTTGAAATGTTCCGCAAACTGCTGGACGAAGGCCGTGCTGGTGAGAACGTAGGTGTTCTGCTGCGTGGTATCAAACGTGAAGAAATCGAACGTGGTCAGGTACTGGCTAAGCCGGGCACCATCAAGCCGCACACCAAGTTCGAATCTGAAGTGTACATTCTGTCCAAAGATGAAGGCGGCCGTCATACTCCGTTCTTCAAAGGCTACCGTCCGCAGTTCTACTTCCGTACTACTGACGTGACTGGTACCATCGAACTGCCGGAAGGCGTAGAGATGGTAATGCCGGGCGACAACATCAAAATGGTTGTTACCCTGATCCACCCGATCGCGATGGACGACGGTCTGCGTTTCGCAATCCGTGAAGGCGGCCGTACCGTTGGCGCGGGCGTTGTTGCTAAAGTTCTGGGCTAA", "fmax": "3471329", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "3470144", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC76364.1", "sequence": "MSKEKFERTKPHVNVGTIGHVDHGKTTLTAAITTVLAKTYGGAARAFDQIDNAPEEKARGITINTSHVEYDTPTRHYAHVDCPGHADYVKNMITGAAQMDGAILVVAATDGPMPQTREHILLGRQVGVPYIIVFLNKCDMVDDEELLELVEMEVRELLSQYDFPGDDTPIVRGSALKALEGDAEWEAKILELAGFLDSYIPEPERAIDKPFLLPIEDVFSISGRGTVVTGRVERGIIKVGEEVEIVGIKETQKSTCTGVEMFRKLLDEGRAGENVGVLLRGIKREEIERGQVLAKPGTIKPHTKFESEVYILSKDEGGRHTPFFKGYRPQFYFRTTDVTGTIELPEGVEMVMPGDNIKMVVTLIHPIAMDDGLRFAIREGGRTVGAGVVAKVLG"}}}}}}}, "193": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "TEM-121 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes."}}, "1088": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5226": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGGCAGGTCAAGTTGTCCAATATGGAAGACATCGTAAACGTAGAAACTACGCGAGAATTTCAGAAGTATTAGAATTACCAAACTTAATAGAAATTCAAACTAAATCTTACGAGTGGTTCCTAAGAGAAGGTTTAATCGAAATGTTTAGAGACATTTCTCCAATTGAAGATTTTACTGGTAATTTGTCATTAGAGTTTGTGGATTACCGTTTAGGAGAACCAAAATATGATTTAGAAGAATCTAAAAACCGTGACGCTACTTATGCTGCACCTCTTCGTGTAAAAGTGCGTCTAATCATTAAAGAAACAGGAGAAGTTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTTTATGGGTGATTTCCCATTAATGACTGATACAGGTACGTTCGTTATCAATGGTGCAGAACGTGTAATCGTATCTCAATTAGTTCGTTCACCATCCGTTTATTTCAATGAAAAAATCGACAAAAATGGTCGTGAAAACTATGATGCAACAATTATTCCAAACCGAGGTGCATGGTTAGAATATGAAACAGATGCTAAAGATGTTGTATACGTGCGTATTGATAGAACACGTAAACTACCATTAACAGTATTGTTACGTGCATTAGGTTTCTCAAGTGACCAAGAAATTGTTGACCTTTTAGGTGACAATGAATATTTACGTAATACTTTAGAGAAAGACGGCACTGAAAACACTGAACAAGCGTTATTAGAAATCTATGAACGTTTACGTCCAGGTGAACCACCAACTGTTGAAAATGCTAAAAGTCTATTGTATTCACGTTTCTTTGATCCAAAACGCTATGACTTAGCAAGCGTGGGTCGTTATAAAACAAACAAAAAATTACATTTAAAACATCGTTTATTCAATCAAAAATTAGCTGAGCCAATTGTGAATACTGAAACTGGTGAAATTGTAGTTGAAGAAGGTACAGTGCTTGATCGTCGTAAAATCGACGAAATCATGGATGTACTTGAATCAAACGCAAACAGCGAAGTGTTTGAATTGCATGGTAGCGTTATAGACGAGCCAGTAGAAATTCAATCAATTAAAGTATATGTTCCTAACGATGATGAAGGTCGTACGACAACTGTAATTGGTAATGCTTTCCCTGACTCAGAAGTTAAATGTATTACACCGGCAGATATCATCGCTTCAATGAGTTACTTCTTTAACTTATTAAGTGGTATTGGATATACAGATGATATTGACCATTTAGGTAACCGTCGTTTACGTTCTGTAGGTGAATTACTACAAAACCAATTCCGTATCGGTTTATCAAGAATGGAAAGAGTTGTACGTGAAAGAATGTCAATTCAAGATACTGAGTCTATCACACCTCAACAATTAATTAATATTCGACCTGTTATTGCATCTATTAAAGAATTCTTTGGTAGCTCTCAATTATCACAATTCATGGACCAAGCAAATCCATTAGCTGAGTTAACGCATAAACGTCGTCTATCAGCATTAGGACCTGGTGGTTTAACACGTGAACGTGCTCAAATGGAAGTGCGTGACGTTCACTACTCTCACTATGGCCGTATGTGTCCAATTGAAACGCCTGAGGGACCAAACATTGGATTGATTAACTCATTATCAAGTTATGCACGTGTAAATGAATTCGGCTTTATTGAAACACCATATCGTAAAGTTGATTTAGATACACATGCTATCACTGATCAAATTGACTATTTAACAGCTGACGAAGAAGATAGCTATGTTGTAGCACAAGCAAACTCTAAATTAGATGAAAATGGTCGTTTCATGGATGATGAAGTTGTATGTCGTTTCCGTGGTAACAATACAGTTATGGCTAAAGAAAAAATGGATTATATGGATGTATCGCCGAAGCAAGTTGTTTCAGCAGCGACAGCATGTATTCCATTCTTAGAAAATGATGACTCAAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAAGCAGTGCCTTTGATGAATCCAGAAGCACCATTTGTTGGTACAGGTATGGAACACGTTGCAGCACGTGATTCTGGTGCAGCTATTACAGCTAAGCACAGAGGTCGTGTTGAACATGTTGAATCTAATGAAATTCTTGTACGTCGTCTAGTTGAAGAGAACGGCGTTGAGCATGAAGGTGAATTAGATCGCTATCCATTAGCTAAATTTAAACGTTCAAACTCAGGTACATGTTACAACCAACGTCCAATCGTTGCAGTTGGAGATGTTGTTGAGTTTAACGAGATTTTAGCAGATGGACCATCTATGGAATTAGGAGAAATGGCATTAGGTAGAAACGTAGTAGTTGGTTTCATGACTTGGGACGGTTACAACTATGAGGATGCCGTTATCATGAGTGAAAGACTTGTGAAAGATGACGTGTATACTTCTATTCATATTGAAGAGTATGAATCAGAAGCACGTGATACTAAGTTAGGACCTGAAGAAATCACAAGAGATATTCCTAATGTTTCTGAAAGTGCACTTAAGAACTTAGACGATCGTGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCAGAAGTAAAAGATGGAGATATTTTAGTTGGTAAAGTAACGCCTAAAGGTGTAACTGAGTTAACTGCCGAAGAAAGATTGTTACATGCAATCTTTGGTGAAAAAGCACGTGAAGTTAGAGATACTTCATTACGTGTACCTCACGGCGCTGGCGGTATCGTTCTTGATGTAAAAGTATTCAATCGTGAAGAAGGCGACGACACATTATCACCTGGTGTAAACCAATTAGTACGTGTATATATCGTTCAAAAACGTAAAATTCATGTTGGTGATAAGATGTGTGGTCGACATGGTAACAAAGGTGTCATTTCTAAGATTGTTCCTGAAGAAGATATGCCTTACTTACCAGATGGACGTCCGATTGATATCATGTTAAATCCTCTTGGTGTACCATCTCGTATGAACATCGGACAAGTATTAGAGCTACACTTAGGTATGGCTGCTAAAAATCTTGGTATTCACGTTGCATCACCAGTATTTGACGGTGCAAACGATGACGATGTATGGTCAACAATTGAAGAAGCTGGTATGGCTCGTGATGGTAAAACTGTACTTTATGATGGACGTACAGGTGAACCATTCGATAACCGTATTTCAGTAGGTGTAATGTACATGTTGAAACTTGCGCACATGGTTGATGATAAATTACATGCGCGTTCAACAGGACCATATTCACTTGTTACACAACAACCACTTGGCGGTAAAGCGCAATTCGGTGGACAACGTTTCGGTGAGATGGAGGTATGGGCACTTGAAGCATATGGTGCTGCATACACATTACAAGAAATCTTAACTTACAAATCCGATGATACAGTAGGACGTGTGAAAACATACGAGGCTATTGTTAAAGGTGAAAACATCTCTAGACCAAGTGTTCCAGAATCATTCCGAGTATTGATGAAAGAATTACAAAGTTTAGGTTTAGATGTAAAAGTTATGGATGAGCAAGATAATGAAATCGAAATGACAGACGTTGATGACGATGATGTTGTAGAACGCAAAGTAGATTTACAACAAAATGATGCTCCTGAAACACAAAAAGAAGTTACTGATTAA", "fmax": "594382", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "590830", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG39568.1", "sequence": "MAGQVVQYGRHRKRRNYARISEVLELPNLIEIQTKSYEWFLREGLIEMFRDISPIEDFTGNLSLEFVDYRLGEPKYDLEESKNRDATYAAPLRVKVRLIIKETGEVKEQEVFMGDFPLMTDTGTFVINGAERVIVSQLVRSPSVYFNEKIDKNGRENYDATIIPNRGAWLEYETDAKDVVYVRIDRTRKLPLTVLLRALGFSSDQEIVDLLGDNEYLRNTLEKDGTENTEQALLEIYERLRPGEPPTVENAKSLLYSRFFDPKRYDLASVGRYKTNKKLHLKHRLFNQKLAEPIVNTETGEIVVEEGTVLDRRKIDEIMDVLESNANSEVFELHGSVIDEPVEIQSIKVYVPNDDEGRTTTVIGNAFPDSEVKCITPADIIASMSYFFNLLSGIGYTDDIDHLGNRRLRSVGELLQNQFRIGLSRMERVVRERMSIQDTESITPQQLINIRPVIASIKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQANPLAELTHKRRLSALGPGGLTRERAQMEVRDVHYSHYGRMCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSSYARVNEFGFIETPYRKVDLDTHAITDQIDYLTADEEDSYVVAQANSKLDENGRFMDDEVVCRFRGNNTVMAKEKMDYMDVSPKQVVSAATACIPFLENDDSNRALMGANMQRQAVPLMNPEAPFVGTGMEHVAARDSGAAITAKHRGRVEHVESNEILVRRLVEENGVEHEGELDRYPLAKFKRSNSGTCYNQRPIVAVGDVVEFNEILADGPSMELGEMALGRNVVVGFMTWDGYNYEDAVIMSERLVKDDVYTSIHIEEYESEARDTKLGPEEITRDIPNVSESALKNLDDRGIVYIGAEVKDGDILVGKVTPKGVTELTAEERLLHAIFGEKAREVRDTSLRVPHGAGGIVLDVKVFNREEGDDTLSPGVNQLVRVYIVQKRKIHVGDKMCGRHGNKGVISKIVPEEDMPYLPDGRPIDIMLNPLGVPSRMNIGQVLELHLGMAAKNLGIHVASPVFDGANDDDVWSTIEEAGMARDGKTVLYDGRTGEPFDNRISVGVMYMLKLAHMVDDKLHARSTGPYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEILTYKSDDTVGRVKTYEAIVKGENISRPSVPESFRVLMKELQSLGLDVKVMDEQDNEIEMTDVDDDDVVERKVDLQQNDAPETQKEVTD"}}}}}}}, "3141": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5326": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCACACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "5718", "accession": "KY352406.1", "fmin": "4092", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "90371", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35732"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AQK48217.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDHTAFIR"}}}}}}}, "3142": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5324": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAGGTCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "20273", "accession": "KU934208.1", "fmin": "18647", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ANJ15621.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKVSQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}}}}, "3143": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5323": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATAATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "KY041856.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "APM87143.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDNFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}}}}, "3144": {"$update": {"ARO_name": "MCR-8.1"}}, "276": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2824": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2825": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2826": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2827": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5511": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCCGACTCTGGTCAGCTCGGAGCCGCTGACACCCCGCTAAGGCTGCTCAGCTCGGTGCATTACCTCACCGACGGCGAACTCCCCCAGCTTTACGACTATCCGGATGACGGCACCTGGTTGCGGGCGAACTTCATCAGCAGCTTGGACGGCGGCGCTACCGTCGATGGCACCAGCGGGGCGATGGCCGGGCCCGGCGACCGATTCGTCTTCAACCTGTTGCGTGAACTTGCCGACGTCATCGTGGTCGGCGTGGGCACCGTGCGCATTGAGGGCTACTCCGGCGTCCGGATGGGTGTCGTCCAGCGCCAGCACCGGCAGGCCCGAGGCCAAAGCGAAGTTCCGCAACTGGCAATCGTCACCAGGTCCGGTCGCCTTGACCGTGACATGGCGGTATTCACCCGGACCGAGATGGCACCGTTGGTGCTCACCACCACGGCGGTCGCCGATGACACGCGCCAGCGGCTCGCGGGCCTCGCCGAGGTGATCGCGTGCTCCGGCGACGATCCGGGCACGGTCGATGAGGCAGTGCTCGTGTCCCAGCTCGCGGCTCGCGGTCTGCGCCGGATCCTTACCGAAGGCGGGCCGACGTTGCTCGGGACATTCGTCGAGCGTGACGTGCTCGACGAGCTGTGTCTGACGATCGCCCCCTACGTCGTCGGCGGCCTGGCGCGCCGCATAGTGACGGGACCCGGGCAGGTGCTGACCCGGATGCGCTGTGCCCATGTCCTCACCGACGACTCCGGCTACCTGTACACCCGCTACGTCAAGACCTGA", "fmax": "2987615", "accession": "AL123456.3", "fmin": "2986838", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "83332", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CCP45469.1", "sequence": "MPDSGQLGAADTPLRLLSSVHYLTDGELPQLYDYPDDGTWLRANFISSLDGGATVDGTSGAMAGPGDRFVFNLLRELADVIVVGVGTVRIEGYSGVRMGVVQRQHRQARGQSEVPQLAIVTRSGRLDRDMAVFTRTEMAPLVLTTTAVADDTRQRLAGLAEVIACSGDDPGTVDEAVLVSQLAARGLRRILTEGGPTLLGTFVERDVLDELCLTIAPYVVGGLARRIVTGPGQVLTRMRCAHVLTDDSGYLYTRYVKT"}}}}}}}, "2820": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"snp": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$insert": {"8718": "T2611C", "8721": "A2059G", "8725": "C196A", "8719": "A2057G"}}, "clinical": {"$insert": {"8718": "T2611C", "8721": "A2059G", "8725": "C196A", "8719": "A2057G"}}}}}}}}, "2822": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2823": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2146": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "3024": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5343": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCCTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "6093", "accession": "KR052099.1", "fmin": "5211", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKQ06274.1", "sequence": "MSLYRPLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}}}}, "2381": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5196": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACTTTTTTGATATCCATAAGATTCCGAACAAAGGCATTCCATTATCGGTACAACGTAAATTATGGCTTAGAAACTTCATGCAAGCTTTCTTCGTAGTGTTCTTTGTTTATATGGCTATGTATTTAATTCGAAACAACTTTAAGGCGGCACAACCGTTTTTAAAAGAGGAAATTGGATTATCTACATTAGAACTTGGTTATATCGGATTAGCATTTAGTATCACGTACGGTTTAGGGAAAACATTACTTGGATATTTTGTCGATGGACGTAACACAAAACGTATTATCTCATTCTTACTTATCTTATCTGCGATTACAGTTTTAATTATGGGATTTGTTTTAAGTTACTTTGGTTCAGTAATGGGATTATTAATTGTACTTTGGGGACTTAACGGGGTGTTCCAATCAGTTGGTGGACCTGCAAGTTATTCAACGATTTCAAGATGGGCGCCAAGAACGAAACGTGGCCGATACTTAGGGTTTTGGAATACATCACATAATATCGGTGGTGCCATTGCAGGTGGTGTTGCACTTTGGGGTGCTAATGTATTCTTCCATGGAAATGTTATAGGGATGTTCATTTTCCCATCGGTGATTGCATTACTTATTGGTATCGCAACATTATTTATCGGAAAAGATGATCCAGAAGAATTAGGATGGAATCGTGCTGAAGAAATTTGGGAAGAGCCGGTTGATAAAGAAAATATTGATTCTCAAGGTATGACAAAATGGGAGATCTTTAAAAAATATATCCTGGGAAATCCTGTTATATGGATTCTATGTGTTTCAAACGTCTTTGTATACATTGTACGAATCGGTATTGATAACTGGGCACCGTTATATGTGTCAGAGCATTTACACTTTAGTAAAGGCGATGCAGTTAATACGATATTCTACTTTGAAATTGGTGCTTTAGTTGCAAGTTTATTATGGGGCTACGTATCAGACTTATTAAAAGGTCGTCGTGCAATTGTAGCTATTGGCTGTATGTTTATGATTACATTTGTTGTCTTATTCTACACAAATGCTACAAGTGTAATGATGGTTAACATTTCATTGTTTGCATTAGGTGCGTTAATCTTTGGTCCGCAATTATTAATTGGTGTATCATTGACTGGTTTTGTTCCTAAAAATGCCATCAGTGTAGCAAACGGAATGACAGGTTCATTCGCGTATCTATTCGGTGACTCAATGGCAAAAGTTGGTTTGGCGGCTATTGCTGATCCAACACGTAACGGTTTAAACATCTTTGGATATACATTAAGTGGATGGACAGATGTTTTCATCGTCTTCTATGTTGCATTATTCCTAGGCATGATTCTATTAGGAATCGTTGCTTTCTATGAAGAAAAGAAAATTAGAAGTTTAAAAATCTAA", "fmax": "248357", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "246977", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG39240", "sequence": "MNFFDIHKIPNKGIPLSVQRKLWLRNFMQAFFVVFFVYMAMYLIRNNFKAAQPFLKEEIGLSTLELGYIGLAFSITYGLGKTLLGYFVDGRNTKRIISFLLILSAITVLIMGFVLSYFGSVMGLLIVLWGLNGVFQSVGGPASYSTISRWAPRTKRGRYLGFWNTSHNIGGAIAGGVALWGANVFFHGNVIGMFIFPSVIALLIGIATLFIGKDDPEELGWNRAEEIWEEPVDKENIDSQGMTKWEIFKKYILGNPVIWILCVSNVFVYIVRIGIDNWAPLYVSEHLHFSKGDAVNTIFYFEIGALVASLLWGYVSDLLKGRRAIVAIGCMFMITFVVLFYTNATSVMMVNISLFALGALIFGPQLLIGVSLTGFVPKNAISVANGMTGSFAYLFGDSMAKVGLAAIADPTRNGLNIFGYTLSGWTDVFIVFYVALFLGMILLGIVAFYEEKKIRSLKI"}}}}}}}, "2380": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5195": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAATTTTCTTAAACCTGCAAAGCATATTAAGCCTTTGCCAGAAAATCAGATAGATGATACCTATAAACGATTACGTCTCCAAGTATTTCTTGGTATTTTCATCGGTTACGCTGGGTACTATTTATTACGTAAAAACTTTTCATTAGCGATGCCGGCATTGCAAGAGCAAGGTTTTACAAAAGCAGAACTAGGTTTTGCGCTTTCTGCTGTTTCCATCGCATATGGATTTAGTAAGTTCTTTATGGGTACTGTAAGTGATCGGAGCAATGCACGGATATTCTTAGTTCTTGGATTAGTACTCACTGCTATCGTCAATTTGTTAATGGGATTTGTACCGTTCTTTACATCAGGTATCGGTATTATGTTTGTCCTATTATTCTTAAATGGATGGTTTCAAGGTATGGGCTGGCCACCTTCAGGCCGTGTTCTCGTTCACTGGTTTAGTGTAAGTGAACGCGGAAGTAAGACTGCTCTTTGGAACGTTGCGCATAATGTTGGTGGAGGTATTATGGCACCTATTGCTGCTTGGGGTATTACAACAACAGCATTTATCAACTTTGGTTATTTAAAAGGTTTTGAAGGTGTATTCATTTACCCTGCACTCTTAGCACTTATCATTGCCGCAATTTCATATATATTGATTAGAGACACACCTCAATCTCAAGGTTTACCTCCAATCGAAATTTATAAAAATGACTTTGCTACAAGCGATAAGAAAACATTAGAAACAGAATTAACTACAAAAGAAATTTTATTTAAATATGTACTGAACAATAAATGGGTATGGGCAATTGCCTTTGCAAATATATTTGTTTATTTCGTGCGTTATGGTGTACTTGATTGGGCGCCAGTCTACTTAAGTGAAGAAAAACATTTCGACTTAAAAGCATCAGGTTGGGCATACTTCTTATACGAATGGGCTGGAATTCCTGGTACATTATTATGTGGTTACATTTCTGATAAATTATTCAAAGGTCGCCGTGGACCTGCTGGTTTCTTCTTTATGTTAGGTGTCACAGTATTTGTATTAATTTATTGGTTAAATCCTCCAGGCAATGCTTGGTTAGACAATGTCTCATTAATTGCCATTGGTTTCTTAATATATGGACCAGTTATGTTAATTGGTTTACAAGCATTAGATTATGTACCTAAAAAAGCAGCTGGCACAGCAGCTGGATTAACTGGATTATTTGGTTATCTGTTTGGTGCTGTAATGGCCAACATCGTCTTAGGTGCTGTAGTTGATAAATTCGGATGGGATGTCGGTTTTATTTTATTAACAGCAATCAGTGTGTTTGCAATGTTGAGCTTTATCCTCACTTGGAATAAAGTAGGACAAGAAACTGTTCATCATTAA", "fmax": "379914", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "378555", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG39357", "sequence": "MNFLKPAKHIKPLPENQIDDTYKRLRLQVFLGIFIGYAGYYLLRKNFSLAMPALQEQGFTKAELGFALSAVSIAYGFSKFFMGTVSDRSNARIFLVLGLVLTAIVNLLMGFVPFFTSGIGIMFVLLFLNGWFQGMGWPPSGRVLVHWFSVSERGSKTALWNVAHNVGGGIMAPIAAWGITTTAFINFGYLKGFEGVFIYPALLALIIAAISYILIRDTPQSQGLPPIEIYKNDFATSDKKTLETELTTKEILFKYVLNNKWVWAIAFANIFVYFVRYGVLDWAPVYLSEEKHFDLKASGWAYFLYEWAGIPGTLLCGYISDKLFKGRRGPAGFFFMLGVTVFVLIYWLNPPGNAWLDNVSLIAIGFLIYGPVMLIGLQALDYVPKKAAGTAAGLTGLFGYLFGAVMANIVLGAVVDKFGWDVGFILLTAISVFAMLSFILTWNKVGQETVHH"}}}}}}}, "2383": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5201": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGAATGGACCAATAATAATGACTAGAGAAGAAAGAATGAAGATTGTTCATGAAATTAAGGAACGAATATTGGATAAATATGGGGATGATGTTAAGGCTATTGGTGTTTATGGCTCTCTTGGTCGTCAGACTGATGGGCCCTATTCGGATATTGAGATGATGTGTGTCATGTCAACAGAGGAAGCAGAGTTCAGCCATGAATGGACAACCGGTGAGTGGAAGGTGGAAGTGAATTTTGATAGCGAAGAGATTCTACTAGATTATGCATCTCAGGTGGAATCAGATTGGCCGCTTACACATGGTCAATTTTTCTCTATTTTGCCGATTTATGATTCAGGTGGATACTTAGAGAAAGTGTATCAAACTGCTAAATCGGTAGAAGCCCAAACGTTCCACGATGCGATTTGTGCCCTTATCGTAGAAGAGCTGTTTGAATATGCAGGCAAATGGCGTAATATTCGTGTGCAAGGACCGACAACATTTCTACCATCCTTGACTGTACAGGTAGCAATGGCAGGTGCCATGTTGATTGGTCTGCATCATCGCATCTGTTATACGACGAGCGCTTCGGTCTTAACTGAAGCAGTTAAGCAATCAGATCTTCCTTCAGGTTATGACCATCTGTGCCAGTTCGTAATGTCTGGTCAACTTTCCGACTCTGAGAAACTTCTGGAATCGCTAGAGAATTTCTGGAATGGGATTCAGGAGTGGACAGAACGACACGGATATATAGTGGATGTGTCAAAACGCATACCATTTTGA", "fmax": "27499", "accession": "GQ900432.1", "fmin": "26737", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ADA62098.1", "sequence": "MNGPIIMTREERMKIVHEIKERILDKYGDDVKAIGVYGSLGRQTDGPYSDIEMMCVMSTEEAEFSHEWTTGEWKVEVNFDSEEILLDYASQVESDWPLTHGQFFSILPIYDSGGYLEKVYQTAKSVEAQTFHDAICALIVEELFEYAGKWRNIRVQGPTTFLPSLTVQVAMAGAMLIGLHHRICYTTSASVLTEAVKQSDLPSGYDHLCQFVMSGQLSDSEKLLESLENFWNGIQEWTERHGYIVDVSKRIPF"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "520": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "522": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "floR is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. DT104 and Vibrio cholerae", "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "523": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5352": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACATTCAAGCACTCTTACTTATAACAAGCGCTATTTTTATTTCAGCCTGCTCACCTTATATAGTGACTGCTAATCCAAATTACAGTGCTTCAAAATCTGATGAAAAAGCAGAGAAAATTAAAAATTTATTTAACGAAGCACACACTACGGGTGTTTTAGTTATCCAACAAGGCCAAACTCAACAAAGCTATGGTAATGATCTTGCTCGTGCTTCGACCGAGTATGTACCTGCTTCGACCTTCAAAATGCTTAATGCTTTGATAGGCCTTGAGCACCATAAGGCAACCACTACAGAAGTATTTAAGTGGGACGGGCAAAAAAGGCTATTCCCAGAATGGGAAAAGAACATGACCCTAGGCGATGCTATGAAAGCTTCCGCTATTCCGGTTTATCAAGATTTAGCTCGTCGTATTGGACTTGAACTCATGTCTAATGAAGTGAAGCGTATTGGTTATGGCAATGCAGATATCGGTACCCAAGTCGATAATTTTTGGCTGGTGGGTCCTTTAAAAATTACTCCTCAACAAGAGGCACAATTTGCTTACAAGCTAGCTAATAAAACGCTTCCATTTAGCCAAAAAGTCCAAGATGAAGTGCAATCCATGCTATTCATAGAAGAAAAGAATGGAAATAAAATATACGCAAAAAGTGGTTGGGGATGGGATGTAAACCCACAAGTAGGCTGGTTAACTGGATGGGTTGTTCAGCCTCAAGGGAATATTGTAGCGTTCTCCCTTAACTTAGAAATGAAAAAAGGAATATCTAGCTCTGTTCGAAAAGAGATTACTTATAGAGGTTTAGAACAATTAGGTATTTTATAG", "fmax": "1960402", "accession": "CU468230.2", "fmin": "1959577", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii SDF", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "509170", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35534"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAP01453.1", "sequence": "MNIQALLLITSAIFISACSPYIVTANPNYSASKSDEKAEKIKNLFNEAHTTGVLVIQQGQTQQSYGNDLARASTEYVPASTFKMLNALIGLEHHKATTTEVFKWDGQKRLFPEWEKNMTLGDAMKASAIPVYQDLARRIGLELMSNEVKRIGYGNADIGTQVDNFWLVGPLKITPQQEAQFAYKLANKTLPFSQKVQDEVQSMLFIEEKNGNKIYAKSGWGWDVNPQVGWLTGWVVQPQGNIVAFSLNLEMKKGISSSVRKEITYRGLEQLGIL"}}}}}}}, "2262": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2263": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35945": {"category_aro_name": "streptogramin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35945", "category_aro_accession": "0000026", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "1401": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5490": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGAAAATAGATAAAAAAAACGAGGCTTTCCTTATTGTAAGTAGAGGCATATCTCGAATTGGAGATATTATGTTTGACTTTGCGAATAATACCTTTCTTGCAGGATTAAATCCAACATCTTTATCATTGGTTGCAGTATATCAGTCACTAGAAAGTGTGATAGGTGTTCTTTTTAATTTATTTGGTGGAGTCATTGCAGATAGTTTCAAGCGGAAAAAAATTATTATTGTTGCAAATATCTTATGTGGTATTGCTTGTATAATTCTTTCATTCATATCACAAGAGCAGTGGATGGTCTTTGCAATTGTCATCACTAATATTATCTTGGCATTTATGAGTGCTTTTTCTGGACCGTCCTATAAAGCATTTACAAAAGAAATTGTAAAAAAGGATAGTATATCACAACTTAATTCATTGCTAGAGATAACAAGTACTATAATTAAAGTAACAATACCAATGGTAGCAATTTTATTATATAAGCTACTTGGGATACATGGTGTTTTACTATTGGATGGATTCTCATTTCTAATTGCTGCATCACTGATTTCCTTTATTGTACCCGTTAATGACGAAGTGGTCACAAAGGATAAAATGACAATAGGAGGAGTTTTAAATGACTTAAAAATAGGGTTTAAGTATATTTATAGTCATAAGACAATATTTATGATTATTATTCTCTCTGCTTTTGTTAATTTTTTTCTAGCAGCTTATAATTTATTGTTACCTTATAGTAATCAAATGTTTGGAGAAATTTCAGATGGGCTTTATGGTGTTTTTCTAACTGCGGAAGCAATTGGAGGATTTATTGGAGCGATATTAAGTGGTGTTATAAATAAAACCTTGTCAAGCAAACGTTTAATGGTCTTCTTATCATGTTCAGGATTGATGTTAATGCTATCAACGCCACTCTATTTTTTGTTTCAAAACTTCATTATTCTAGCCTTTTCTCCGGCATTATTTAGTCTATTTATTTCTATTTTTAATATTCAATTTTTCTCTATTGTTCAAAGAGAAGTTGATACTGAGTTTCTCGGTAGAGTCTTTGGAATCATCTTTACGGTAGCTATTCTTTTTATGCCAGTTGGGTCTGGATTTTTCTCAGTAGTTTTAAATCCTAACAATACTTTTAATCTTTTTATTATTGGTGTATCTATTACGATATTATCGCTAATATTCAGCACGCTATTGAAGAGGTATGATAAAAATAGCTGA", "fmax": "954594", "accession": "AE007317.1", "fmin": "953382", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptococcus pneumoniae R6", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "171101", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39596"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAK99775.1", "sequence": "MKIDKKNEAFLIVSRGISRIGDIMFDFANNTFLAGLNPTSLSLVAVYQSLESVIGVLFNLFGGVIADSFKRKKIIIVANILCGIACIILSFISQEQWMVFAIVITNIILAFMSAFSGPSYKAFTKEIVKKDSISQLNSLLEITSTIIKVTIPMVAILLYKLLGIHGVLLLDGFSFLIAASLISFIVPVNDEVVTKDKMTIGGVLNDLKIGFKYIYSHKTIFMIIILSAFVNFFLAAYNLLLPYSNQMFGEISDGLYGVFLTAEAIGGFIGAILSGVINKTLSSKRLMVFLSCSGLMLMLSTPLYFLFQNFIILAFSPALFSLFISIFNIQFFSIVQREVDTEFLGRVFGIIFTVAILFMPVGSGFFSVVLNPNNTFNLFIIGVSITILSLIFSTLLKRYDKNS"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2267": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5371": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCCAACCATTGAACTTATTTGTGGCCATCGCTCCATTCGCCATTTCACTGATGAACCCATTTCCGAAGCGCAGCGTGAGGCGATTATTAACAGCGCCCGTGCGACGTCCAGTTCCAGTTTTTTGCAGTGCAGTAGCATTATTCGCATTACCGACAAAGCGTTACGTGAAGAACTGGTGACGCTGACCGGCGGGCAAAAACACGTAGCGCAAGCGGCGGAGTTCTGGGTGTTCTGTGCCGACTTTAACCGCCATTTACAGATCTGTCCGGATGCTCAGCTCGGCCTGGCGGAACAACTGTTGCTCGGTGTCGTTGATACGGCAATGATGGCGCAGAATGCATTAATCGCAGCGGAATCGCTGGGATTGGGCGGGGTATATATCGGCGGCCTGCGCAATAATATTGAAGCGGTGACGAAACTGCTTAAATTACCGCAGCATGTTCTGCCGCTGTTTGGGCTGTGCCTTGGCTGGCCTGCGGATAATCCGGATCTTAAGCCGCGTTTACCGGCCTCCATTTTGGTGCATGAAAACAGCTATCAACCGCTGGATAAAGGCGCACTGGCGCAGTATGACGAGCAACTGGCGGAATATTACCTCACCCGTGGCAGCAATAATCGCCGGGATACCTGGAGCGATCATATCCGCCGAACAATCATTAAAGAAAGCCGCCCATTTATTCTGGATTATTTGCACAAACAGGGTTGGGCGACGCGCTAA", "fmax": "891906", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "891183", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC73938.1", "sequence": "MTPTIELICGHRSIRHFTDEPISEAQREAIINSARATSSSSFLQCSSIIRITDKALREELVTLTGGQKHVAQAAEFWVFCADFNRHLQICPDAQLGLAEQLLLGVVDTAMMAQNALIAAESLGLGGVYIGGLRNNIEAVTKLLKLPQHVLPLFGLCLGWPADNPDLKPRLPASILVHENSYQPLDKGALAQYDEQLAEYYLTRGSNNRRDTWSDHIRRTIIKESRPFILDYLHKQGWATR"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"snp": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["3468"]}, "clinical": {"$delete": ["3468"]}}}}}}}, "2264": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "2265": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "1100"}}}}}}, "2769": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}, "model_param": {"41141": {"param_value": {"7752": "1442,2056,45,2330"}, "param_type_id": "41141", "param_type": "efflux pump components", "param_description": "This detection model parameter describes efflux pump components that are to be detected together (e.g., efflux pump subunits and regulators) using sequential model IDs, separated by commas. For example: 2685,440,1925,1305."}}}}, "1237": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$insert": {"8882": "-S512,-Q513,-F514,H526Q"}}}}}}}}, "1231": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}, "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5180": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAAAAATACAACAATTGGAAACTTAAGTTTTATACAATATGGGCAGGGCAAGCAGTATCATTAATCACTAGTGCCATCTTGCAAATGGCGATTATTTTTTACCTTACAGAAAAAACTGGATCCGCGATGGTCTTGTCTATGGCTTCACTATTAGGTTTTTTACCCTATGCGGTCTTTGGACCTGCAATTGGTGTGCTAGTGGATCGTCATGATAGGAAGAAGATAATGATTGGTGCTGATTTAATTATCGCAGCAGCTGGTTCGGTGCTTACTATTGTTGCATTCTATATGGAGCTACCTGTCTGGATGGTTATGATAGTATTGTTTATCCGTAGCATTGGAACAGCTTTTCACACCCCGGCTCTCAATGCGGTTACGCCACTTTTAGTACCAGAAGAACAGCTTACGAAATGTGCAGGCTATAGTCAGTCTTTGCAGTCTATAAGCTATATTGTTAGTCCGGCGGTTGCAGCACTCTTATACTCCGTTTGGGAACTAAATGCTATTATTGCCATCGATGTATTGGGTGCTGTGATTGCATCTATTACGGTAGCAATTGTACGTATTCCTAAGCTGGGTGATCGCGTGCAAAGTTTGGACCCAAATTTCATAAGAGAAATGCAAGAAGGAATGGCTGTACTACGGCAAAATAAAGGATTATTTGCTTTATTACTCGTTGGAACATTATATATGTTTGTTTATATGCCAATTAATGCACTATTCCCTTTAATTAGCATGGATTACTTTAATGGAACACCTGTGCATATTTCTATTACGGAAATTTCCTTTGCATCTGGAATGTTGATAGGGGGTCTATTATTAGGGTTATTTGGGAATTACCAAAAGCGAATCTTATTAATAACGGCATCCATTTTTATGATGGGGATAAGCTTAACCATTTCAGGATTACTTCCCCAAAGTGGATTTTTCATTTTTGTAGTCTGCTGTGCAATAATGGGGCTTTCTGTTCCGTTTTACAGCGGTGTGCAAACAGCTCTTTTTCAGGAGAAAATTAAGCCTGAATATTTAGGACGTGTATTTTCTTTAACTGGAAGTATCATGTCTCTTGCTATGCCAATTGGATTAATTCTTTCTGCACTCTTTGCTGATAGAATCGGTGTAAATCATTGGTTTTTACTATCAGGTACTTTAATTATTTGCATTGCAATAGTTTGCCCAATGATAAATGAGATTAGAAAATTAGATTTAAAATAA", "fmax": "4487", "accession": "AF227521.1", "fmin": "3269", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptococcus pyogenes", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1314", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36764"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL73129.1", "sequence": "MEKYNNWKLKFYTIWAGQAVSLITSAILQMAIIFYLTEKTGSAMVLSMASLLGFLPYAVFGPAIGVLVDRHDRKKIMIGADLIIAAAGSVLTIVAFYMELPVWMVMIVLFIRSIGTAFHTPALNAVTPLLVPEEQLTKCAGYSQSLQSISYIVSPAVAALLYSVWELNAIIAIDVLGAVIASITVAIVRIPKLGDRVQSLDPNFIREMQEGMAVLRQNKGLFALLLVGTLYMFVYMPINALFPLISMDYFNGTPVHISITEISFASGMLIGGLLLGLFGNYQKRILLITASIFMMGISLTISGLLPQSGFFIFVVCCAIMGLSVPFYSGVQTALFQEKIKPEYLGRVFSLTGSIMSLAMPIGLILSALFADRIGVNHWFLLSGTLIICIAIVCPMINEIRKLDLK"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "800"}}}}}}, "1232": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5477": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACTCAAATAGAACACCATCACAAAAAGTTTTAGCCAGACAAGAAAAAATCAAAGCAGTGGCCTTAGAGCTTTTTTTAACAAAAGGATACCAAGAAACAAGTTTGAGTGATATTATTAAATTATCTGGAGGATCTTATTCTAATATTTATGATGGTTTTAAAAGTAAAGAAGGGCTATTCTTTGAAATTTTAGATGACATATGTAAAAAACACTTTCATCTTATTTATTCCAAAACACAAGAAATTGAAAATGGCACTTTAAAAGAAATTTTAACTTCTTTTGGTTTAGCTTTTATAGAAATTTTCAATCAACCAGAAGCTGTAGCTTTTGGTAAAATTATCTATTCTCAAGTTTATGACAAAGATAGACATCTTGCCAATTGGATAGAAAATAATCAACAAAATTTTTCCTATAACATACTTATGGGTTTTTTCAAGCAACAAAATAATTCTTATATGAAAAAAAATGCAGAAAAACTTGCTGTTCTTTTTTGCACTATGTTAAAAGAACCTTATCATCATCTTAATGTTTTAATTAACGCTCCTTTGAAAAATAAAAAAGAACAAAAAGAACATGTTGAATTTGTTGTAAATGTTTTTCTAAATGGAATCAATAGCTCCAAAGCTTAA", "fmax": "337548", "accession": "AL111168.1", "fmin": "336915", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni NCTC 11168 = ATCC 700819", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "192222", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36956"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAL34518.1", "sequence": "MNSNRTPSQKVLARQEKIKAVALELFLTKGYQETSLSDIIKLSGGSYSNIYDGFKSKEGLFFEILDDICKKHFHLIYSKTQEIENGTLKEILTSFGLAFIEIFNQPEAVAFGKIIYSQVYDKDRHLANWIENNQQNFSYNILMGFFKQQNNSYMKKNAEKLAVLFCTMLKEPYHHLNVLINAPLKNKKEQKEHVEFVVNVFLNGINSSKA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1233": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5146": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAATAATCAATATCGGCATTCTGGCCCATGTAGACGCAGGAAAAACTACATTGACAGAAAGTCTGCTATACACCAGTGGAGCGATTGCGGAACAGGGAAACGTGGATAAAGGGACCACAAGAACAGACACTATGATTTTGGAACGGCAACGGGGAATTACCATTCAGACAGCGGTTACTTCTTTTTATTGGAATGATTATAAAATCAATATCGTGGACACTCCCGGTCATATGGATTTTTTAACCGAAGCATACCGCTCTTTATCTGTCCTTGACGGAGCTGTTTTAGTCATTTCAGCAAAAGACGGCGTACAGGCACAAACCCGTATATTATTCCATGCGCTTCAGAAAATGGACATTCCGACAATTATCTTTATAAATAAGATAGACCAAAATGGGATCGACCTGCAGTGTGTTTACCAAAGCATTAAAGATAAACTTACCAGTGATATGATTGTCATGCAGGAGGTTTCCCTGTCGCCAAAGATAACCATGACCGATATTTCTGATTTAGACAAATGGGATATGATTATTTCCGGAAGCGATGAACTATTAGAACGATATGTTGCAGAGGATTCTTTGGATATACAGGAATTACAATATGAAAAGTGCAAAAGAACCAGATGCTGCTCTTTGTTTCCTGTTTATCATGGGAGTGCAAAAGACAATTTAGGAACAGAAAAACTGATTGAAGCGATTATAGAAACTTTCATTACAGAAACGGACGATATTCAGTCTGAATTATGTGGATATGTTTTTAAGGTTGAGTATACAGAGCGGAAAAAACGGCTTTCTTATTTACGCCTGTATCATGGGACGCTCCATTTACGGGATACCCTGCTGCTGTCAAAAAAGGAAAAAATAAAGATTACAGAAATGTGTATTCCGTCAAATGGTGAAATCGTCCCGGCTGACCATGCCTGTCCGGGAGAAATTGTTATTTTAGCTGATGATACTTTGAAACTGAACGATATCCTGGGAAATGAAAAACTCCTGCCTCACAAAACACGGATTGATAATCCCATGCCATTACTTCGGACAACGGTAGAGCCGCAAAAGCCGGAGCAAAGGGAAGCCCTGTTAAATGCCCTCGCAGAGATTGCTGATACAGACCCTCTTTTGCATTTTGACATTGATACTGTTACCCATGAGATTATGTTATCTTTTTTGGGAAAAGTACAGTTAGAAGTTATTTGTTCGCTATTAGAAGAAAAATATCATGTGGGCGTGGCTATGAAAGAGCCTTCGGTTATTTATCTGGAAAGACCGCAAAAAAAAGCGAGCTGCACGATTCATATTGAAGTGCCGCCGAATCCGTTTTGGGCATCTATTGGTTTGACTGTAACACCGCTTCCTGTTGGAAGCGGAACACAATATAAAAGCGAGGTATCTCTCGGCTATTTAAACCAAAGTTTTCAAAATGCCGTCATGGAGGGTGTGCGTTATGGAATGGAGCAGGGCTTATATGGCTGGGGAGTGACAGACTGCCAAATTTGTTTTGATTATGGAGTTTATTACAGCCCGGTCAGCACCCCCGCTGATTTTCGTTTTCTTGCGCCTGTCGTGTTGGAGCAGGCATTGAAAAAAGCAGGGACACAACTGTTGGAACCATACCTTTCCTTTACCCTTTTTGCACCGCAGGAATATCTTTCACGGGCTTATAATGATGCACCAAAGTATTGCGCAATCATTGAATCAACCAGACTTGAAAAAGATGAAGTTATTTTTAAGGGTGAAATCCCTGCCCGTTGTATCGGTGAATATAGGAATGATCTGAATTTTTATACAAATGGAAGAAGTGTCTGCATTACAGAATTAAAAGGGTATCAGGAAACTTCCGGCGAGCCTGTATTTCAGCCACGCCGCCCGAACAGCCGTTTAGACAAGATCCGGCATATGTTTCAGAAGATAATGTAA", "fmax": "3852", "accession": "EU722333.1", "fmin": "1932", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACH87088.1", "sequence": "MKIINIGILAHVDAGKTTLTESLLYTSGAIAEQGNVDKGTTRTDTMILERQRGITIQTAVTSFYWNDYKINIVDTPGHMDFLTEAYRSLSVLDGAVLVISAKDGVQAQTRILFHALQKMDIPTIIFINKIDQNGIDLQCVYQSIKDKLTSDMIVMQEVSLSPKITMTDISDLDKWDMIISGSDELLERYVAEDSLDIQELQYEKCKRTRCCSLFPVYHGSAKDNLGTEKLIEAIIETFITETDDIQSELCGYVFKVEYTERKKRLSYLRLYHGTLHLRDTLLLSKKEKIKITEMCIPSNGEIVPADHACPGEIVILADDTLKLNDILGNEKLLPHKTRIDNPMPLLRTTVEPQKPEQREALLNALAEIADTDPLLHFDIDTVTHEIMLSFLGKVQLEVICSLLEEKYHVGVAMKEPSVIYLERPQKKASCTIHIEVPPNPFWASIGLTVTPLPVGSGTQYKSEVSLGYLNQSFQNAVMEGVRYGMEQGLYGWGVTDCQICFDYGVYYSPVSTPADFRFLAPVVLEQALKKAGTQLLEPYLSFTLFAPQEYLSRAYNDAPKYCAIIESTRLEKDEVIFKGEIPARCIGEYRNDLNFYTNGRSVCITELKGYQETSGEPVFQPRRPNSRLDKIRHMFQKIM"}}}}}}}, "2763": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2762": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2761": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2760": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2766": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2765": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "109": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2286": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5489": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCATAGTTATATTGTAGAAGGCGGCTATAAGATAGGTGGTCAAATTACAGCTAGTGGGAATAAGAACGCTGCTTTACCCTGTATTTTGGCTGCTTTACTTACCGATGAAGAGGTTATTTTAGAAAATATTCCTAATATTAATGATGTAAAAGTTGTTTTAGATATTTTAAATGACATAGGAGCAGATATTGCAAGAGAGGGAAATACTTTAAAAATAAAAGTTTTAAATATTGTGAAAACAGAAATAGATTCTTCTTTTACAGATTTAATTAGGGCTTCCATACTTTTATTAGGGCCTTTTGTTTCTAGGTTTGGAAAAATAGATATGGCGCTTCCAGGAGGAGATGTGATTGGAAAGAGGAGGCTTGATACTCATTTTTACGGGCTTTGCAAGCTGGGGGCCAAGTTAAGCACAAAAGATAGAAGGATTGTTTTAAAGGCTAACAAGCTTGTTGGCGCTGAAATGTTTTTAGATGAAGCTTCTGTTACAGCCACAGAAAATATCATTATGGCTGCAGTTCTTGCTGAAGGAAATACTGTTATTATGAACGCTGCTTGTGAGCCACATGTTCAAGATTTGTGTAATATGTTAAATTCAATGGGCGCTAATATTTTAGGAATTGGTTCAAATGTTTTAGAAATAAAAGGTGTAAAAAAATTAAGTGGGACCGTATTTAGAATAGGAGCCGATTTCATGCAAGTTGGTTCTTTAATTAGCCTTGCTGCATTAACAGGGGGTGAGTTGGAAATTAAAAAAGCAGATCCCCAACATTTCAGATTAATTAGGCATGTATATTCAAGACTTGGCATTAATTTTGAATATGACAGGGAAAATGTATATGTAAGAAATAAACAAGAATTAAAAGTTAAGTTAGATTTTGGTGGGCACATTCCAAAAATTGATGATGGCCCATGGCCAGCCTTTCCAACAGACCTTATGAGTATTATTGTAGTTACTGCAACGCAAGTAGAAGGCACAGTTTTAGTTTTTGAGAAGATGTTTGAATCTAGGATGTTTTTTGTAGATAAATTAATAAAAATGGGTGCTCGAATTGTGCTTTGTGATCCACACCGCGTAGTAGTTACGGGCAAATCTTCTCTTAAAGGCAATGTTTTGTCTTCTCCGGATGTACGAGCGGGAATGTCTCTTCTTATTGCTGCTTTTGTTGCTGAAGGTCGCAGCGAGATTCAAAATGTTTATCAAATTGAAAGAGGATACGAAGATGTAGTTAACAAATTGATTAATTTGGGTGCAAAAATCAAGAAAGTTAAAAGTCAATAG", "fmax": "491927", "accession": "AE000783.1", "fmin": "490643", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi B31", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "224326", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40455"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC66824.2", "sequence": "MHSYIVEGGYKIGGQITASGNKNAALPCILAALLTDEEVILENIPNINDVKVVLDILNDIGADIAREGNTLKIKVLNIVKTEIDSSFTDLIRASILLLGPFVSRFGKIDMALPGGDVIGKRRLDTHFYGLCKLGAKLSTKDRRIVLKANKLVGAEMFLDEASVTATENIIMAAVLAEGNTVIMNAACEPHVQDLCNMLNSMGANILGIGSNVLEIKGVKKLSGTVFRIGADFMQVGSLISLAALTGGELEIKKADPQHFRLIRHVYSRLGINFEYDRENVYVRNKQELKVKLDFGGHIPKIDDGPWPAFPTDLMSIIVVTATQVEGTVLVFEKMFESRMFFVDKLIKMGARIVLCDPHRVVVTGKSSLKGNVLSSPDVRAGMSLLIAAFVAEGRSEIQNVYQIERGYEDVVNKLINLGAKIKKVKSQ"}}}}}, "model_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin", "ARO_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin"}}, "696": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "CfrA is a chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene and methyltransferase enzyme. Methylation of position 8 of A2503 in 23S rRNA confers resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics first identified by Schwarz 2000 as cfr from Staphylococcus sciuri. Additional Oxazolidinone resistance mediated by the cfr gene in a human isolated was first reported from Colombia in linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PMID: 10952608). Described by Arias et al. 2008.  Chandela T. et al. (PMID:  28663118) grouped Cfr with ClbA in the Cfr Group."}}, "2046": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "900": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2517": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "TetA(58) is a Tetracycline efflux pump described in Paenibacillus sp. LC231, a strain of Paenibacillus isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, NM, USA. Described by Pawlowski et al. 2016.", "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "907": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "904": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5521": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACATCAACGATGCCCTCACCTCCATCCTGGCCTCAAAAAAATACCGCGCCCTTTGCCCGGATACCGTGCGGCGCATCCTGACTGAGGAATGGGGGCGGCATAAATCCCCCAAACAGACCGTAGAGGCTGCACGCACCCGGCTGCATGGAATTTGCGGGGCATATGTCACCCCGGAATCGCTCAAGGCTGCTGCCGCCGCGCTTTCTGCGGGCGATGTAAAAAAGGCATTGTCGCTGCATGCCTCCACCAAGGAGCGACTGGCCGAGCTGGATACCCTGTACGATTTTATCTTTTCAGCCGAAACTCCCCGCCGCGTGCTGGATATCGCCTGCGGTCTTAACCCCTTGGCGCTATACGAGCGCGGCATTGCATCCGTGTGGGGCTGTGATATCCACCAGGGATTGGGGGATGTCATCACCCCCTTTGCTAGGGAAAAAGATTGGGATTTTACCTTTGCCCTGCAGGATGTGCTGTGTGCGCCGCCCGCCGAAGCCGGCGACCTGGCGCTGATTTTTAAGCTTTTGCCCCTGCTGGAGCGGGAGCAGGCCGGTTCTGCCATGGCACTTTTACAATCCCTCAATACCCCGCGCATGGCTGTCAGCTTTCCCACGCGTAGTTTAGGCGGGCGTGGAAAAGGCATGGAGGCGAACTACGCCGCATGGTTCGAGGGCGGCTTGCCCGCCGAGTTTGAGATTGAGGATAAAAAGACCATCGGAACAGAACTTATATACTTGATAAAAAAGAATGGATAA", "fmax": "117235", "accession": "AM886293.1", "fmin": "116479", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAP07796.1", "sequence": "MNINDALTSILASKKYRALCPDTVRRILTEEWGRHKSPKQTVEAARTRLHGICGAYVTPESLKAAAAALSAGDVKKALSLHASTKERLAELDTLYDFIFSAETPRRVLDIACGLNPLALYERGIASVWGCDIHQGLGDVITPFAREKDWDFTFALQDVLCAPPAEAGDLALIFKLLPLLEREQAGSAMALLQSLNTPRMAVSFPTRSLGGRGKGMEANYAAWFEGGLPAEFEIEDKKTIGTELIYLIKKNG"}}}}}}}, "33": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5181": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTTTAATTATTAAAGCGAGAAACATACGCTTGGATTATGCTGGGCGTGATGTTTTGGATATTGATGAATTGGAAATTCACTCTTATGACCGTATTGGTCTTGTGGGTGATAACGGAGCAGGAAAGAGTAGTTTACTCAAAGTACTTAATGGCGAAATTGTTTTAGCCGAAGCGACATTACAGCGTTTTGGTGATTTTGCACATATCAGCCAACTGGGCGGAATCGAAATAGAAACGGTCGAAGACCGGGCAATGTTATCTCGCCTTGGTGTTTCCAATGTACAAAACGACACAATGAGTGGCGGAGAGGAAACTCGTGCAAAAATTGCTGCCGCATTTTCCCAACAAGTACATGGCATTCTAGCGGATGAACCAACCAGCCACCTTGATCTCAATGGAATAGATCTACTTATTGGTCAACTTAAAGCATTTGATGGAGCATTACTTGTTATCAGTCATGACCGATATTTTCTTGATATGGTTGTAGACAAGATATGGGAGTTAAAAGACGGTAAAATTACGGAATATTGGGGTGGTTACTCGGATTACTTGCGTCAAAAAGAAGAAGAGCGACAACACCAAGCCGTAGAATATGAGCTGATGATGAAGGAACGGGAGCGATTAGAATCTGCTGTGCAAGAAAAACGCCAGCAAGCTAATCGATTAGACAATAAGAAAAAAGGAGAAAAATCCAAAAACTCTACCGAAAGTGCTGGACGACTTGGGCATGCAAAAATGACTGGCACCAAGCAAAGAAAACTGTATCAGGCAGCTAAGAGTATGGAAAAGCGTTTGGCTGCATTAGAAGATATTCAAGCACCAGAGCATTTGCGTTCTATTCGTTTTCGTCAAAGTTCAGCCCTAGAACTGCACAATAAGTTCCCGATTACGGCAGATGGTCTGAGCTTAAAATTTGGTAGCCGTACTATCTTTGATGACGCTAACTTTATAATACCGCTTGGCGCTAAAGTCGCTATAACTGGATCGAATGGAACAGGGAAAACGTCCTTGTTAAAAATGATATCAGAACGTGCTGATGGATTAACCATATCTCCAAAAGCTGAAATTGGCTACTTTACACAAACAGGATATAAATTTAACACGCATAAATCTGTGCTCTCCTTTATGCAGGAAGAGTGCGAGTACACAGTTGCGGAAATTCGTGCAGTATTGGCTTCAATGGGGATCGGAGCGAATGATATTCAAAAAAACTTATCCGACTTATCGGGAGGTGAAATCATCAAACTGCTTTTATCCAAAATGCTTTTAGGAAAATATAATATTTTGCTTATGGATGAACCAGGAAACTATCTTGACCTAAAAAGTATTGCCGCATTAGAAACAATGATGAAGTCCTATGCAGGAACTATTATCTTCGTATCTCATGACAAGCAATTGGTCGATAATATTGCTGACATTATCTACGAGATCAAAGACCACAAAATCATCAAGACTTTTGAGAGAGATTGTTAA", "fmax": "22717", "accession": "EU294228.1", "fmin": "21241", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACB05808.1", "sequence": "MSLIIKARNIRLDYAGRDVLDIDELEIHSYDRIGLVGDNGAGKSSLLKVLNGEIVLAEATLQRFGDFAHISQLGGIEIETVEDRAMLSRLGVSNVQNDTMSGGEETRAKIAAAFSQQVHGILADEPTSHLDLNGIDLLIGQLKAFDGALLVISHDRYFLDMVVDKIWELKDGKITEYWGGYSDYLRQKEEERQHQAVEYELMMKERERLESAVQEKRQQANRLDNKKKGEKSKNSTESAGRLGHAKMTGTKQRKLYQAAKSMEKRLAALEDIQAPEHLRSIRFRQSSALELHNKFPITADGLSLKFGSRTIFDDANFIIPLGAKVAITGSNGTGKTSLLKMISERADGLTISPKAEIGYFTQTGYKFNTHKSVLSFMQEECEYTVAEIRAVLASMGIGANDIQKNLSDLSGGEIIKLLLSKMLLGKYNILLMDEPGNYLDLKSIAALETMMKSYAGTIIFVSHDKQLVDNIADIIYEIKDHKIIKTFERDC"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "1847": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "_version": "3.0.3", "1240": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$delete": ["5082"]}}}}}, "1243": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5188": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACCGTAGTCACGACCGCCGATACCTCCCAACTGTACGCACTTGCAGCCCGACATGGGCTCAAGCTCCATGGCCCGCTGACTGTCAATGAGCTTGGGCTCGACTATAGGATCGTGATCGCCACCGTCGACGATGGACGTCGGTGGGTGCTGCGCATCCCGCGCCGAGCCGAGGTAAGCGCGAAGGTCGAACCAGAGGCGCGGGTGCTGGCAATGCTCAAGAATCGCCTGCCGTTCGCGGTGCCGGACTGGCGCGTGGCCAACGCCGAGCTCGTTGCCTATCCCATGCTCGAAGACTCGACTGCGATGGTCATCCAGCCTGGTTCGTCCACGCCCGACTGGGTCGTGCCGCAGGACTCGGAGGTCTTCGCGGAGAGCTTCGCGACCGCGCTCGCCGCCCTGCATGCCGTCCCCATTTCCGCCGCCGTGGATGCGGGGATGCTCATCCGTACACCGACGCAGGCCCGTCAGAAGGTGGCCGACGACGTTGACCGCGTCCGACGCGAGTTCGTGGTGAACGACAAGCGCCTCCACCGGTGGCAGCGCTGGCTCGACGACGATTCGTCGTGGCCAGATTTCTCCGTGGTGGTGCATGGCGATCTCTACGTGGGCCATGTGCTCATCGACAACACGGAGCGCGTCAGCGGGATGATCGACTGGAGCGAGGCCCGCGTTGATGACCCTGCCATCGACATGGCCGCGCACCTTATGGTCTTTGGTGAAGAGGGGCTCGCGAAGCTCCTCCTCACGTATGAAGCGGCCGGTGGCCGGGTGTGGCCGCGGCTCGCCCACCACATCGCGGAGCGCCTTGCGTTCGGGGCGGTCACCTACGCACTCTTCGCCCTCGACTCGGGTAACGAAGAGTACCTCGCTGCGGCGAAGGCGCAGCTCGCCGCAGCGGAATGA", "fmax": "2531", "accession": "D16251.1", "fmin": "1625", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAA03776.1", "sequence": "MTVVTTADTSQLYALAARHGLKLHGPLTVNELGLDYRIVIATVDDGRRWVLRIPRRAEVSAKVEPEARVLAMLKNRLPFAVPDWRVANAELVAYPMLEDSTAMVIQPGSSTPDWVVPQDSEVFAESFATALAALHAVPISAAVDAGMLIRTPTQARQKVADDVDRVRREFVVNDKRLHRWQRWLDDDSSWPDFSVVVHGDLYVGHVLIDNTERVSGMIDWSEARVDDPAIDMAAHLMVFGEEGLAKLLLTYEAAGGRVWPRLAHHIAERLAFGAVTYALFALDSGNEEYLAAAKAQLAAAE"}}}}}}}, "1245": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "TEM-114 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"1879": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella aerogenes"}}}}}}}}}}, "1246": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(2')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis"}}, "1248": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5476": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCGAAGCACTTAAAATTCTGAACAACATCCGTACTCTTCGTGCGCAGGCAAGAGAATGTACACTTGAAACGCTGGAAGAAATGCTGGAAAAATTAGAAGTTGTTGTTAACGAACGTCGCGAAGAAGAAAGCGCGGCTGCTGCTGAAGTTGAAGAGCGCACTCGTAAACTGCAGCAATATCGCGAAATGCTGATCGCTGACGGTATTGACCCGAACGAGCTGCTGAATAGCCTTGCCGCCGTTAAATCTGGCACCAAAGCTAAACGTGCTCAGCGTCCGGCAAAATATAGCTACGTTGACGAAAACGGCGAAACTAAAACCTGGACTGGCCAGGGCCGTACTCCAGCTGTAATCAAAAAAGCAATGGATGAGCAAGGTAAATCCCTCGACGATTTCCTGATCAAGCAATAA", "fmax": "1738104", "accession": "BA000007.3", "fmin": "1737690", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "386585", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36747"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAB35162.1", "sequence": "MSEALKILNNIRTLRAQARECTLETLEEMLEKLEVVVNERREEESAAAAEVEERTRKLQQYREMLIADGIDPNELLNSLAAVKSGTKAKRAQRPAKYSYVDENGETKTWTGQGRTPAVIKKAMDEQGKSLDDFLIKQ"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2371": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5441": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACTATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAGTATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTAAAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACATTTTTTAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAACCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTAGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCCCGGCCCACTCGATGCCCTAGCATATGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGACATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTCGCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAGGCACTCGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAGGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACTACCGGTTTCGGAACATATGTGGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1531", "accession": "JEXY01000001.1", "fmin": "379", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii 1552865", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1310679", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42628"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "EXE65374.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVKTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPALGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDALAYGVKSTLPDMLSFIHANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGRYQVNTMYQALGWEEFSYPATLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMYHKTGSTTGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "2386": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5212": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAGTATTTATCTAAGTATGAAAAAATACGTAAGATCTTATCGGCTCTAAATCAACCGAATTATAGATATTCGCAAATAACAGAGGCAATCTTCAAGAACAAGATCGGAAATTTCGAAGCAATGAACAACTTGCCTAAGCCTGTAAGAAATGAATTAATCAAAGAGCTTGGAAACAATGTGTTAAGCATCACACCGAAAATGGAGCAGAAATCCAACCAAGTTAGCAAAATTCTGTTTGCTATCCCAGGCGATGAATACATTGAATCCGTAAGGTTAAGTTATCAAACGGGCTGGGAATCCTATTGTATCTCTTCGCAGTGCGGTTGCGGATTTGGTTGTACATTTTGCGCTACGGGAACACTCGGTTTGAAGAGGAATCTTACAACGGATGAAATAACGGATCAACTGCTTTATTTTACTTTGAATAACCATCCCTTGGACAGTGTGTCTTTTATGGGAATGGGAGAGGCACTTGCAAATCCATATGTATTTGATGCTTTGCATTTGCTGACGGATCCTAAACTTTTCGGTTTAGGACATCGAAGGATTACGGTTTCTACCATAGGTTTATTACCTGGAGTAAAAAAGTTGACGAAGGAATTTCCACAGATTAATTTAACGTTCTCGCTTCATTCACCATTTCATGATCAGAGAAGCGAGTTAATGCCCATTAACAATCATTTTCCATTAGAAGAAGTTATGACCGTGTTGGACGAGCATATTCAGCAAACAAAGCGAAAGGTTTACATTGCTTATATCCTGCTAAGGGGTATCAACGATTCAACTAAACATGCTAAAGCCGTTGCTGATTTGTTGCGTGAAAGAGGGTCGTGGGAACATTTATATCACGTCAATCTAATTCCATACAATTCCACTGATGCCACATCACAAAGTTTTGTAGAGTCGGATCAGAACAGCATCAATATGTTCCTTAGAATCTTGAAGTCAAAGGGAATCCATGTCACCGTGAGGACCCAATTCGGATCAGACATCAACGCAGCATGCGGTCAACTATATGGATCAAACGGTAACATTTAA", "fmax": "3932167", "accession": "CP001793.1", "fmin": "3931126", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Paenibacillus sp. Y412MC10", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "481743", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40613"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACX65640.1", "sequence": "MKYLSKYEKIRKILSALNQPNYRYSQITEAIFKNKIGNFEAMNNLPKPVRNELIKELGNNVLSITPKMEQKSNQVSKILFAIPGDEYIESVRLSYQTGWESYCISSQCGCGFGCTFCATGTLGLKRNLTTDEITDQLLYFTLNNHPLDSVSFMGMGEALANPYVFDALHLLTDPKLFGLGHRRITVSTIGLLPGVKKLTKEFPQINLTFSLHSPFHDQRSELMPINNHFPLEEVMTVLDEHIQQTKRKVYIAYILLRGINDSTKHAKAVADLLRERGSWEHLYHVNLIPYNSTDATSQSFVESDQNSINMFLRILKSKGIHVTVRTQFGSDINAACGQLYGSNGNI"}}}}}}}, "431": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "335": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5400": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGGCAATGAATAAACAAAATAATTATTCAGATGATTCAATACAGGTTTTAGAGGGGTTAGAAGCAGTTCGTAAAAGACCTGGTATGTATATTGGATCAACTGATAAACGGGGATTACATCATCTAGTATATGAAATTGTCGATAACTCCGTCGATGAAGTATTGAATGGTTACGGTAACGAAATAGATGTAACAATTAATAAAGATGGTAGTATTTCTATAGAAGATAATGGACGTGGTATGCCAACAGGTATACATAAATCAGGTAAACCGACAGTCGAAGTTATCTTTACTGTTTTACATGCAGGAGGTAAATTTGGACAAGGCGGCTATAAAACTTCAGGTGGTCTTCACGGCGTTGGTGCTTCAGTTGTAAATGCATTGAGTGAATGGCTTGAAGTTGAAATCCATCGAGATGGTAATATATATCATCAAAGTTTTAAAAACGGTGGTTCGCCATCTTCTGGTTTAGTGAAAAAAGGTAAAACTAAGAAAACAGGTACCAAAGTAACATTTAAACCTGATGACACAATTTTTAAAGCATCTACATCATTTAATTTTGATGTTTTAAGTGAACGACTACAAGAGTCTGCGTTCTTATTGAAAAATTTAAAAATAACGCTTAATGATTTACGCAGTGGTAAAGAGCGTCAAGAGCATTACCATTATGAAGAAGGAATCAAAGAATTTGTTAGTTATGTCAATGAAGGAAAAGAAGTTTTGCATGACGTGGCTACATTTTCAGGTGAAGCAAATGGTATAGAGGTAGACGTAGCTTTCCAATATAATGATCAATATTCAGAAAGTATTTTAAGTTTTGTAAATAATGTACGTACTAAAGATGGTGGTACACATGAAGTTGGTTTTAAAACAGCAATGACACGTGTATTTAATGATTATGCACGTCGTATTAATGAACTTAAAACAAAAGATAAAAACTTAGACGGTAATGATATTCGTGAAGGTTTAACAGCTGTTGTGTCTGTACGTATTCCAGAAGAATTACTACAATTTGAAGGACAAACGAAATCTAAATTGGGTACTTCTGAAGCAAGAAGTGCTGTTGATTCAGTAGTTGCAGACAAATTACCATTCTATTTAGAAGAAAAAGGACAATTGTCTAAATCACTTGTAAAAAAAGCAATTAAAGCACAACAAGCAAGGGAAGCTGCACGTAAAGCTCGTGAAGATGCTCGTTCAGGTAAGAAAAACAAGCGTAAAGACACTTTGCTATCTGGTAAATTAACACCTGCACAAAGTAAAAATACAGATAAAAATGAATTGTATTTAGTCGAAGGTGATTCTGCGGGAGGTTCAGCAAAACTTGGACGAGACCGCAAATTCCAAGCGATATTACCATTACGTGGTAAGGTAATTAATACAGAGAAAGCACGTCTGGAAGATATTTTTAAAAATGAAGAAATTAATACAATTATCCACACAATCGGGGCAGGCGTTGGTACTGACTTTAAAATTGAAGATAGTAACTATAATCGTGTAATTATTATGACTGATGCTGATACTGATGGTGCGCATATTCAAGTGCTATTGTTAACATTCTTCTTCAAATATATGAAACCGCTTGTTCAAGCAGGTCGTGTATTTATTGCTTTACCTCCACTTTATAAATTGGAAAAAGGTAAAGGCAAAACAAAGCGAGTTGAATACGCTTGGACAGACGAAGAGCTTAATAAATTACAAAAAGAACTTGGTAAGGGCTTCACGTTACAACGTTACAAAGGTTTGGGTGAGATGAACCCTGAACAATTATGGGAAACGACGATGAACCCAGAAACACGAACTTTAATTCGTGTACAAGTTGAAGATGAAGTGCGTTCATCTAAACGTGTAACAACATTAATGGGTGACAAAGTACAACCTAGACGTGAATGGATTGAAAAGCATTTTGAGTTTGGTATGCAAGAGGACCAAAGTATTTTAGATAATTCTGAAGTACAAGTGCTTGAAAATGATCAATTTGATGAGGAGGAAATCTAG", "fmax": "1419760", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "1417762", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG40364.1", "sequence": "MAMNKQNNYSDDSIQVLEGLEAVRKRPGMYIGSTDKRGLHHLVYEIVDNSVDEVLNGYGNEIDVTINKDGSISIEDNGRGMPTGIHKSGKPTVEVIFTVLHAGGKFGQGGYKTSGGLHGVGASVVNALSEWLEVEIHRDGNIYHQSFKNGGSPSSGLVKKGKTKKTGTKVTFKPDDTIFKASTSFNFDVLSERLQESAFLLKNLKITLNDLRSGKERQEHYHYEEGIKEFVSYVNEGKEVLHDVATFSGEANGIEVDVAFQYNDQYSESILSFVNNVRTKDGGTHEVGFKTAMTRVFNDYARRINELKTKDKNLDGNDIREGLTAVVSVRIPEELLQFEGQTKSKLGTSEARSAVDSVVADKLPFYLEEKGQLSKSLVKKAIKAQQAREAARKAREDARSGKKNKRKDTLLSGKLTPAQSKNTDKNELYLVEGDSAGGSAKLGRDRKFQAILPLRGKVINTEKARLEDIFKNEEINTIIHTIGAGVGTDFKIEDSNYNRVIIMTDADTDGAHIQVLLLTFFFKYMKPLVQAGRVFIALPPLYKLEKGKGKTKRVEYAWTDEELNKLQKELGKGFTLQRYKGLGEMNPEQLWETTMNPETRTLIRVQVEDEVRSSKRVTTLMGDKVQPRREWIEKHFEFGMQEDQSILDNSEVQVLENDQFDEEEI"}}}}}}}, "334": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}}}}, "337": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1903": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "856": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5491": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTCACTTATTCGTATTTATTTAGAATGATTAGTCATGAGATGAAACAAAAGGCTGATCAAAAGTTAGAGCAATTTGATATTACAAATGAGCAAGGTCATACGTTAGGTTATCTTTATGCACATCAACAAGATGGACTGACACAAAATGATATTGCTAAAGCATTACAACGAACAGGTCCAACTGTCAGTAATTTATTAAGGAACCTTGAACGTAAAAAGCTGATCTATCGCTATGTCGATGCACAAGATACGAGAAGAAAGAATATAGGACTGACTACCTCTGGGATTAAACTTGTAGAAGCATTCACTTCGATATTTGATGAAATGGAGCAAACACTCGTATCGCAGTTATCTGAAGAAGAAAATGAACAAATGAAAGCAAACTTAACTAAAATGTTATCTAGTTTACAATAA", "fmax": "380351", "accession": "BA000017.4", "fmin": "379931", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "158878", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35513"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAB56495.1", "sequence": "MEFTYSYLFRMISHEMKQKADQKLEQFDITNEQGHTLGYLYAHQQDGLTQNDIAKALQRTGPTVSNLLRNLERKKLIYRYVDAQDTRRKNIGLTTSGIKLVEAFTSIFDEMEQTLVSQLSEEENEQMKANLTKMLSSLQ"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35949", "35968"], "$insert": {"36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}}}}}, "2688": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5228": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCCCTGAACACTCCGCGCAACAAACCGTCCCGCACCGAGACCGAAGCTGTCGCTGCCAGCTCGGGACGATCCGCCGTCGGCCGGCGGGATTACACCGAGCAGCTGCGCCGGGCAGCCCGGCGCAATGCCTGGGACCTCTACGGCGAGCACTTCTACTGA", "fmax": "4165880", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "4165718", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG07106.1", "sequence": "MSLNTPRNKPSRTETEAVAASSGRSAVGRRDYTEQLRRAARRNAWDLYGEHFY"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2689": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2685": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}}}}}, "2686": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2680": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2681": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$insert": {"5523": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAATTTTGAAGGAAAAATCGCACTGGTAACCGGTGCAAGCCGCGGAATTGGCCGCGCAATTGCTGAAACGCTCGCAGCCCGTGGCGCGAAAGTTATTGGCACTGCGACCAGTGAAAATGGCGCTCAGGCGATCAGTGATTATTTAGGTGCCAACGGCAAAGGTCTGATGTTGAATGTGACCGACCCGGCATCTATCGAATCTGTTCTGGAAAAAATTCGCGCAGAATTTGGTGAAGTGGATATCCTGGTCAATAATGCCGGTATCACTCGTGATAACCTGTTAATGCGAATGAAAGATGAAGAGTGGAACGATATTATCGAAACCAACCTTTCATCTGTTTTCCGTCTGTCAAAAGCGGTAATGCGCGCTATGATGAAAAAGCGTCATGGTCGTATTATCACTATCGGTTCTGTGGTTGGTACCATGGGAAATGGCGGTCAGGCCAACTACGCTGCGGCGAAAGCGGGCTTGATCGGCTTCAGTAAATCACTGGCGCGCGAAGTTGCGTCACGCGGTATTACTGTAAACGTTGTTGCTCCGGGCTTTATTGAAACGGACATGACACGTGCGCTGAGCGATGACCAGCGTGCGGGTATCCTGGCGCAGGTTCCTGCGGGTCGCCTCGGCGGCGCACAGGAAATCGCCAACGCGGTTGCATTCCTGGCATCCGACGAAGCAGCTTACATCACGGGTGAAACTTTGCATGTGAACGGCGGGATGTACATGGTCTGA", "fmax": "1151404", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "1150669", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC74177.1", "sequence": "MNFEGKIALVTGASRGIGRAIAETLAARGAKVIGTATSENGAQAISDYLGANGKGLMLNVTDPASIESVLEKIRAEFGEVDILVNNAGITRDNLLMRMKDEEWNDIIETNLSSVFRLSKAVMRAMMKKRHGRIITIGSVVGTMGNGGQANYAAAKAGLIGFSKSLAREVASRGITVNVVAPGFIETDMTRALSDDQRAGILAQVPAGRLGGAQEIANAVAFLASDEAAYITGETLHVNGGMYMV"}}}}}}}}, "2682": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2683": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2277": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5319": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGAACAAACAAAAAGCGATAGAAATAGCAAGAAAGTATGGCTTGGAAGTTAAAGAGGGATCCATTATATTCAACGAGTCCGGTTTAGATTTTCTAGTTGCGTATGCAGAAGATTATAAAGGCGAAGAATGGGTGCTAAGGTTTCCGAGACGAGACGATGTGATGCCTAGGACTATAGTGGAGAAGAAAGCACTGGATCTTGTAAACAAATATGCCACTTTTCAGGTTCCAGTCTGGTCGCTTTATAAAAACGATCTAATAGCTTATAAAAAGTTAACCGGAGTGCCAGCAGGCACAATTGATCCAGAGATTCAAAATTATTTGTGGGAGATGGATTATGAAAATGTACCTGAACGATTTCACCAGACATTAGCCAAAGCGTTGGCTTCGCTACACACAATTCCGAAAGAAGAGGCTCTTAAAGTAGGCCTTTTTGTCCAGACAGCAGAAGAGGCCAGAAAATCGATGATTGAGCGTATGGAAAAGGTTAAGGCGAAGTTTGATGTAGGAAAATCCTTATGGAACCGCTGGCAGGCCTGGATAAAAAATGAAGAATTGTGGCCGCAGAAAACAGGCCTGATTCACGGTGATGTTCATGCTGGCCACACGATGATTGATAAAGATGCTAACGTAACCGGTTTAATCGACTGGACTGAAGCAAAAGTAACGGATGTATCAAATGACTTTGTTTTCCAGTACCGGGCATTTGGGGAAGCATCCCTGGAGAAACTGATCCAACATTACCGGCAAGCAGGCGGAATTTACTGGCCTGCCATGAAAGAGCACGTCATTGAACTTAATGCTGCATACCCTGTTGCGATAGCTGAGTTTGCGATTATCTCAGGTTTGGAAGAATATGAGCAGATGGCGAAAGAAACATTGCAAGTGAATGACCGCTAG", "fmax": "190432", "accession": "CP014284.1", "fmin": "189532", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Bacillus thuringiensis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1428", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39644"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AMR06225.1", "sequence": "MNKQKAIEIARKYGLEVKEGSIIFNESGLDFLVAYAEDYKGEEWVLRFPRRDDVMPRTIVEKKALDLVNKYATFQVPVWSLYKNDLIAYKKLTGVPAGTIDPEIQNYLWEMDYENVPERFHQTLAKALASLHTIPKEEALKVGLFVQTAEEARKSMIERMEKVKAKFDVGKSLWNRWQAWIKNEELWPQKTGLIHGDVHAGHTMIDKDANVTGLIDWTEAKVTDVSNDFVFQYRAFGEASLEKLIQHYRQAGGIYWPAMKEHVIELNAAYPVAIAEFAIISGLEEYEQMAKETLQVNDR"}}}}}}}, "91": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5417": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCAATCACTACATGGGAATTGTCTAATTGCGTATGCAAGACATAAATATATTCTCACCATGGTTAATGGTGAATATCGCTATTTTAATGGCGGTGACCTGGTTTTTGCGGATGCAAGCCAAATTCGAGTAGATAAGTGTGTTGAAAATTTTGTATTCGTGTCAAGGGACACGCTTTCATTATTTCTCCCGATGCTCAAGGAGGAGGCATTAAATCTTCATGCACATAAAAAAGTTTCTTCATTACTCGTTCATCACTGTAGTAGAGATATTCCTGTTTTTCAGGAAGTTGCGCAACTATCGCAGAATAAGAATCTTCGCTATGCAGAAATGCTACGTAAAAGAGCATTAATCTTTGCGTTGTTATCTGTTTTTCTTGAGGATGAGCACTTTATACCGCTGCTTCTGAACGTTTTACAACCGAACATGCGAACACGAGTTTGTACGGTTATCAATAATAATATCGCCCATGAGTGGACACTAGCCCGAATCGCCAGCGAGCTGTTGATGAGTCCAAGTCTGTTAAAGAAAAAATTGCGCGAAGAAGAGACATCATATTCACAGTTGCTTACTGAGTGTAGAATGCAACGTGCTTTGCAACTTATTGTTATACATGGTTTTTCAATTAAGCGAGTTGCAGTATCCTGTGGATATCACAGCGTGTCGTATTTCATTTACGTCTTTCGAAATTATTATGGGATGACGCCCACAGAGTATCAGGAGCGATCGGCGCAGAGATTGTCGAACCGTGACTCGGCGGCAAGTATTGTTGCGCAAGGGAATTTTTACGGCACTGACCGTTCTGCGGAAGGAATAAGATTATAG", "fmax": "3975429", "accession": "AP009048.1", "fmin": "3974604", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "316407", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36839"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAE77778.1", "sequence": "MQSLHGNCLIAYARHKYILTMVNGEYRYFNGGDLVFADASQIRVDKCVENFVFVSRDTLSLFLPMLKEEALNLHAHKKVSSLLVHHCSRDIPVFQEVAQLSQNKNLRYAEMLRKRALIFALLSVFLEDEHFIPLLLNVLQPNMRTRVCTVINNNIAHEWTLARIASELLMSPSLLKKKLREEETSYSQLLTECRMQRALQLIVIHGFSIKRVAVSCGYHSVSYFIYVFRNYYGMTPTEYQERSAQRLSNRDSAASIVAQGNFYGTDRSAEGIRL"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "90": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5399": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGGCAGGTCAAGTTGTCCAATATGGAAGACATCGTAAACGTAGAAACTACGCGAGAATTTCAGAAGTATTAGAATTACCAAACTTAATAGAAATTCAAACTAAATCTTACGAGTGGTTCCTAAGAGAAGGTTTAATCGAAATGTTTAGAGACATTTCTCCAATTGAAGATTTTACTGGTAATTTGTCATTAGAGTTTGTGGATTACCGTTTAGGAGAACCAAAATATGATTTAGAAGAATCTAAAAACCGTGACGCTACTTATGCTGCACCTCTTCGTGTAAAAGTGCGTCTAATCATTAAAGAAACAGGAGAAGTTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTTTATGGGTGATTTCCCATTAATGACTGATACAGGTACGTTCGTTATCAATGGTGCAGAACGTGTAATCGTATCTCAATTAGTTCGTTCACCATCCGTTTATTTCAATGAAAAAATCGACAAAAATGGTCGTGAAAACTATGATGCAACAATTATTCCAAACCGAGGTGCATGGTTAGAATATGAAACAGATGCTAAAGATGTTGTATACGTGCGTATTGATAGAACACGTAAACTACCATTAACAGTATTGTTACGTGCATTAGGTTTCTCAAGTGACCAAGAAATTGTTGACCTTTTAGGTGACAATGAATATTTACGTAATACTTTAGAGAAAGACGGCACTGAAAACACTGAACAAGCGTTATTAGAAATCTATGAACGTTTACGTCCAGGTGAACCACCAACTGTTGAAAATGCTAAAAGTCTATTGTATTCACGTTTCTTTGATCCAAAACGCTATGACTTAGCAAGCGTGGGTCGTTATAAAACAAACAAAAAATTACATTTAAAACATCGTTTATTCAATCAAAAATTAGCTGAGCCAATTGTGAATACTGAAACTGGTGAAATTGTAGTTGAAGAAGGTACAGTGCTTGATCGTCGTAAAATCGACGAAATCATGGATGTACTTGAATCAAACGCAAACAGCGAAGTGTTTGAATTGCATGGTAGCGTTATAGACGAGCCAGTAGAAATTCAATCAATTAAAGTATATGTTCCTAACGATGATGAAGGTCGTACGACAACTGTAATTGGTAATGCTTTCCCTGACTCAGAAGTTAAATGTATTACACCGGCAGATATCATCGCTTCAATGAGTTACTTCTTTAACTTATTAAGTGGTATTGGATATACAGATGATATTGACCATTTAGGTAACCGTCGTTTACGTTCTGTAGGTGAATTACTACAAAACCAATTCCGTATCGGTTTATCAAGAATGGAAAGAGTTGTACGTGAAAGAATGTCAATTCAAGATACTGAGTCTATCACACCTCAACAATTAATTAATATTCGACCTGTTATTGCATCTATTAAAGAATTCTTTGGTAGCTCTCAATTATCACAATTCATGGACCAAGCAAATCCATTAGCTGAGTTAACGCATAAACGTCGTCTATCAGCATTAGGACCTGGTGGTTTAACACGTGAACGTGCTCAAATGGAAGTGCGTGACGTTCACTACTCTCACTATGGCCGTATGTGTCCAATTGAAACGCCTGAGGGACCAAACATTGGATTGATTAACTCATTATCAAGTTATGCACGTGTAAATGAATTCGGCTTTATTGAAACACCATATCGTAAAGTTGATTTAGATACACATGCTATCACTGATCAAATTGACTATTTAACAGCTGACGAAGAAGATAGCTATGTTGTAGCACAAGCAAACTCTAAATTAGATGAAAATGGTCGTTTCATGGATGATGAAGTTGTATGTCGTTTCCGTGGTAACAATACAGTTATGGCTAAAGAAAAAATGGATTATATGGATGTATCGCCGAAGCAAGTTGTTTCAGCAGCGACAGCATGTATTCCATTCTTAGAAAATGATGACTCAAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAAGCAGTGCCTTTGATGAATCCAGAAGCACCATTTGTTGGTACAGGTATGGAACACGTTGCAGCACGTGATTCTGGTGCAGCTATTACAGCTAAGCACAGAGGTCGTGTTGAACATGTTGAATCTAATGAAATTCTTGTACGTCGTCTAGTTGAAGAGAACGGCGTTGAGCATGAAGGTGAATTAGATCGCTATCCATTAGCTAAATTTAAACGTTCAAACTCAGGTACATGTTACAACCAACGTCCAATCGTTGCAGTTGGAGATGTTGTTGAGTTTAACGAGATTTTAGCAGATGGACCATCTATGGAATTAGGAGAAATGGCATTAGGTAGAAACGTAGTAGTTGGTTTCATGACTTGGGACGGTTACAACTATGAGGATGCCGTTATCATGAGTGAAAGACTTGTGAAAGATGACGTGTATACTTCTATTCATATTGAAGAGTATGAATCAGAAGCACGTGATACTAAGTTAGGACCTGAAGAAATCACAAGAGATATTCCTAATGTTTCTGAAAGTGCACTTAAGAACTTAGACGATCGTGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCAGAAGTAAAAGATGGAGATATTTTAGTTGGTAAAGTAACGCCTAAAGGTGTAACTGAGTTAACTGCCGAAGAAAGATTGTTACATGCAATCTTTGGTGAAAAAGCACGTGAAGTTAGAGATACTTCATTACGTGTACCTCACGGCGCTGGCGGTATCGTTCTTGATGTAAAAGTATTCAATCGTGAAGAAGGCGACGACACATTATCACCTGGTGTAAACCAATTAGTACGTGTATATATCGTTCAAAAACGTAAAATTCATGTTGGTGATAAGATGTGTGGTCGACATGGTAACAAAGGTGTCATTTCTAAGATTGTTCCTGAAGAAGATATGCCTTACTTACCAGATGGACGTCCGATTGATATCATGTTAAATCCTCTTGGTGTACCATCTCGTATGAACATCGGACAAGTATTAGAGCTACACTTAGGTATGGCTGCTAAAAATCTTGGTATTCACGTTGCATCACCAGTATTTGACGGTGCAAACGATGACGATGTATGGTCAACAATTGAAGAAGCTGGTATGGCTCGTGATGGTAAAACTGTACTTTATGATGGACGTACAGGTGAACCATTCGATAACCGTATTTCAGTAGGTGTAATGTACATGTTGAAACTTGCGCACATGGTTGATGATAAATTACATGCGCGTTCAACAGGACCATATTCACTTGTTACACAACAACCACTTGGCGGTAAAGCGCAATTCGGTGGACAACGTTTCGGTGAGATGGAGGTATGGGCACTTGAAGCATATGGTGCTGCATACACATTACAAGAAATCTTAACTTACAAATCCGATGATACAGTAGGACGTGTGAAAACATACGAGGCTATTGTTAAAGGTGAAAACATCTCTAGACCAAGTGTTCCAGAATCATTCCGAGTATTGATGAAAGAATTACAAAGTTTAGGTTTAGATGTAAAAGTTATGGATGAGCAAGATAATGAAATCGAAATGACAGACGTTGATGACGATGATGTTGTAGAACGCAAAGTAGATTTACAACAAAATGATGCTCCTGAAACACAAAAAGAAGTTACTGATTAA", "fmax": "594382", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "590830", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG39568.1", "sequence": "MAGQVVQYGRHRKRRNYARISEVLELPNLIEIQTKSYEWFLREGLIEMFRDISPIEDFTGNLSLEFVDYRLGEPKYDLEESKNRDATYAAPLRVKVRLIIKETGEVKEQEVFMGDFPLMTDTGTFVINGAERVIVSQLVRSPSVYFNEKIDKNGRENYDATIIPNRGAWLEYETDAKDVVYVRIDRTRKLPLTVLLRALGFSSDQEIVDLLGDNEYLRNTLEKDGTENTEQALLEIYERLRPGEPPTVENAKSLLYSRFFDPKRYDLASVGRYKTNKKLHLKHRLFNQKLAEPIVNTETGEIVVEEGTVLDRRKIDEIMDVLESNANSEVFELHGSVIDEPVEIQSIKVYVPNDDEGRTTTVIGNAFPDSEVKCITPADIIASMSYFFNLLSGIGYTDDIDHLGNRRLRSVGELLQNQFRIGLSRMERVVRERMSIQDTESITPQQLINIRPVIASIKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQANPLAELTHKRRLSALGPGGLTRERAQMEVRDVHYSHYGRMCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSSYARVNEFGFIETPYRKVDLDTHAITDQIDYLTADEEDSYVVAQANSKLDENGRFMDDEVVCRFRGNNTVMAKEKMDYMDVSPKQVVSAATACIPFLENDDSNRALMGANMQRQAVPLMNPEAPFVGTGMEHVAARDSGAAITAKHRGRVEHVESNEILVRRLVEENGVEHEGELDRYPLAKFKRSNSGTCYNQRPIVAVGDVVEFNEILADGPSMELGEMALGRNVVVGFMTWDGYNYEDAVIMSERLVKDDVYTSIHIEEYESEARDTKLGPEEITRDIPNVSESALKNLDDRGIVYIGAEVKDGDILVGKVTPKGVTELTAEERLLHAIFGEKAREVRDTSLRVPHGAGGIVLDVKVFNREEGDDTLSPGVNQLVRVYIVQKRKIHVGDKMCGRHGNKGVISKIVPEEDMPYLPDGRPIDIMLNPLGVPSRMNIGQVLELHLGMAAKNLGIHVASPVFDGANDDDVWSTIEEAGMARDGKTVLYDGRTGEPFDNRISVGVMYMLKLAHMVDDKLHARSTGPYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEILTYKSDDTVGRVKTYEAIVKGENISRPSVPESFRVLMKELQSLGLDVKVMDEQDNEIEMTDVDDDDVVERKVDLQQNDAPETQKEVTD"}}}}}}}, "1991": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1626": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "1997": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35945": {"category_aro_name": "streptogramin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35945", "category_aro_accession": "0000026", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "1624": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5589": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAAAATACCAAATCAACAAGAAAAATGTCTGACACCACACGTGCCATCCGATTTTTTTACCTCTATCTGAAAAGATATAAACTCCAATTTGCTGTAATTATGATTTTCATCATTTTAGCAACTTGGTTACAGGTTGTTTCTCCATCACTTTTGGGGGACGCCATCACTAATTTGACTAAATATGTGACTGACTTCTTTACACATCAACATGCTGGTCAATCCCAAGATGCACTACAACAAATTGCTCAACAATTAAGCCAACAAATGCACCAAACAGTAGATTGGCACAATGTTCCTGAAGTTGTGAAATCTTTGCCACAAGCAGCACAAGACCAAATCACTGCTAATCTTCCTAAAGGAACAACTTTAGAAACACTTAAAACAGTGGCAACTTCACATGCAGCCAGCACTTCTACATTCATGAAAGGAATGTGGCAATTGCTTGCAGTCTATGTAGCAACAGGTGTATCAATGTTGATTTATACCTTGCTCTTTAGTCGTATCGTTGCTCATTCAACAAATCGCATGCGTAAAGGTTTGTTTGGTAAACTTGAACGTTTGACAATTTCATATTTTGACCGTCATCAAGATGGTGATATCCTTGCTCGTTTCACATCTGACTTGGATAACATTCAAAATACTTTAAACCAAGCACTCGTTTCGGTTATTTCAAATGCTGCGGTCTTTGTGGGTGTCATTATCCAGATTTTCAATAAAGATGTGACATTTGCTTGGTTGACAGTTGCTGCTTCTCCAGTTGCCATTTTATCTGCTGTGATTATCATTCGTCAATCGAAAAAAGCAACAGACAAACAACAAGAAGAAGTTTCACAACTTAATGCCTATATGGATGAAAAAATCTCTGGGCAAAAAGCAATTATCGTTGAAGGTTTACAAGAAGATTCTATTAATGGATTCTTGGAACACAATGAAAATGTTAAAAAACGTACCTTTGCTGCTCAAGCATGGTCTGGTATGATTTTCCCATTGATGAATGGTTTCCAACTTTTATCAATTGCCATTGTTATCTTTGGTGGAACGGCCTATGTTCTTAACGATGATAGCATGTCAATTGCCACAGGTTTAGGGCTTTTGGTTGCCTTTGTTCAATACGTTCAAAGTTACTACAACCCAATCATGCAAATTTCATCAAACTTTGGTCAACTTCAACTTGCCATCACAGGGGCAACTCGTCTGAATGTCATGTTTGATGAACCAGAAGAAGTTCGTCCTGAAAATGGTAAGAAATTTGATACGATTAAAGACGGAATTCAAATCGAAAATCTTGATTTTGAATATCTTCCAGGAAAACCAGTCCTCAAAAAAGTTAATATTGATGTTAAAAAAGGACAAATGGTTGCCCTCGTTGGTCCAACTGGTTCAGGTAAAACAACAGTTATGAACTTGATGAACCGTTTCTACGATGTTAATGGTGGAGCAATTAAATTTGATGGAACTGATATTCGTGAATTTGATTTAGATAGCTTGCGTTCAAATGTCGGAATTGTTTTGCAAGAGTCTGTTCTCTTTGATGGAACGATTGCTGATAATATCAAGTTTGGTAAACCAAATGCTACTCAAGAAGAAATTGAAACAGTGGCTAAGACAACTCACATTCATGATTTCATTGATAGCTTACCTGACAAGTACGAAACACATGTTTCAGATGATGAATCAGTCTTCTCAGTTGGTCAAAAACAACAAATTTCTATCGCACGTACCATTTTGACAAATCCAGAACTTTTGATTTTGGATGAAGCAACTTCAAATGTGGATACAGTAACTGAACAACAAATTCAATGGGCGATGGAAGCTGCTATTGCTGGTCGTACTTCATTCGTTATTGCTCACCGTTTGAAAACAATTCTTAATGCAGATAAGATTGTTGTTCTTAAAGATGGTGAAGTTATCGAAGAAGGAAATCACCATGAACTTGTTGCTCAAGGTGGCTTCTACTCTGAACTTTATCACAATCAATTTGTTTTTGAATAA", "fmax": "312888", "accession": "CP033607.1", "fmin": "310893", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Lactococcus lactis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1358", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39577"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AYV52072.1", "sequence": "MENTKSTRKMSDTTRAIRFFYLYLKRYKLQFAVIMIFIILATWLQVVSPSLLGDAITNLTKYVTDFFTHQHAGQSQDALQQIAQQLSQQMHQTVDWHNVPEVVKSLPQAAQDQITANLPKGTTLETLKTVATSHAASTSTFMKGMWQLLAVYVATGVSMLIYTLLFSRIVAHSTNRMRKGLFGKLERLTISYFDRHQDGDILARFTSDLDNIQNTLNQALVSVISNAAVFVGVIIQIFNKDVTFAWLTVAASPVAILSAVIIIRQSKKATDKQQEEVSQLNAYMDEKISGQKAIIVEGLQEDSINGFLEHNENVKKRTFAAQAWSGMIFPLMNGFQLLSIAIVIFGGTAYVLNDDSMSIATGLGLLVAFVQYVQSYYNPIMQISSNFGQLQLAITGATRLNVMFDEPEEVRPENGKKFDTIKDGIQIENLDFEYLPGKPVLKKVNIDVKKGQMVALVGPTGSGKTTVMNLMNRFYDVNGGAIKFDGTDIREFDLDSLRSNVGIVLQESVLFDGTIADNIKFGKPNATQEEIETVAKTTHIHDFIDSLPDKYETHVSDDESVFSVGQKQQISIARTILTNPELLILDEATSNVDTVTEQQIQWAMEAAIAGRTSFVIAHRLKTILNADKIVVLKDGEVIEEGNHHELVAQGGFYSELYHNQFVFE"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "558": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "746": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(2')-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum and A. baumannii", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"85": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium fortuitum"}}}}}}}}}}, "748": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1313": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "237": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5396": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTGAAAAAAATAAAAATAAGCTTGATTCTTGCTCTTGGGCTTACCAGTTTGAAGGCATTTGGACAGGAGAATCCTGATGTCAAAATTGAAAAGCTAAAAGATAATCTGTATGTATACACAACCTACAATACATTTAACGGGACTAAATATGCCGCAAATGCAGTATATCTGGTAACTGATAAGGGTGTTGTGGTTATAGACTGTCCGTGGGGAGAAGACAAATTTAAAAGCTTTACGGACGAGATTTATAAAAAACACGGAAAGAAAGTTATTATGAATATTGCAACACATTCTCATGATGATCGTGCCGGAGGTCTTGAATATTTTGGTAAAATAGGTGCAAAAACTTATTCTACTAAAATGACAGATTCTATTTTAGCAAAAGAGAATAAGCCAAGAGCACAATATACTTTTGACAATAATAAATCTTTCAAAGTAGGAAAATCCGAGTTTCAGGTTTACTATCCCGGAAAAGGGCACACAGCAGATAATGTGGTGGTATGGTTTCCAAAAGAAAAAGTATTGGTTGGAGGTTGTATTATAAAAAGTGCTGATTCAAAGGACCTGGGGTATATTGGAGAAGCATATGTAAACGACTGGACGCAGTCTGTACACAATATTCAACAAAAGTTTTCCGGTGCTCAGTACGTTGTTGCAGGGCATGATGATTGGAAAGATCAAAGATCAATACAACATACACTAGACTTAATCAATGAATATCAACAAAAACAAAAGGCTTCAAATTAA", "fmax": "3054321", "accession": "CP007547.1", "fmin": "3053571", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1338011", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42619"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AIL46641.1", "sequence": "MLKKIKISLILALGLTSLKAFGQENPDVKIEKLKDNLYVYTTYNTFNGTKYAANAVYLVTDKGVVVIDCPWGEDKFKSFTDEIYKKHGKKVIMNIATHSHDDRAGGLEYFGKIGAKTYSTKMTDSILAKENKPRAQYTFDNNKSFKVGKSEFQVYYPGKGHTADNVVVWFPKEKVLVGGCIIKSADSKDLGYIGEAYVNDWTQSVHNIQQKFSGAQYVVAGHDDWKDQRSIQHTLDLINEYQQKQKASN"}}}}}}}, "152": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5407": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATAGGCAGCTTAACCGCGCGCATCTTCGCCATCTTCTGGCTGACGCTGGCGCTGGTGTTGATGTTGGTTTTGATGTTACCCAAGCTCGATTCACGCCAGATGACCGAGCTTCTGGATAGCGAACAGCGTCAGGGTCTGATGATTGAGCAGCATGTTGAAGCGGAGCTGGCGAACGATCCGCCCAACGATTTAATGTGGTGGCGGCGTCTGTTCCGGGCGATTGATAAGTGGGCACCGCCAGGACAGCGTTTGTTATTGGTGACCACCGAAGGCCGCGTGATCGGCGCTGAACGCAGCGAAATGCAGATCATTCGTAACTTTATTGGTCAGGCCGATAACGCCGATCATCCGCAGAAGAAAAAGTATGGCCGCGTGGAACTGGTCGGTCCGTTCTCCGTGCGTGATGGCGAAGATAATTACCAACTTTATCTGATTCGTCCGGCCAGCAGTTCTCAATCCGATTTCATTAACTTACTGTTTGACCGCCCGCTATTACTGCTGATTGTCACCATGTTGGTCAGTACGCCGCTGCTGTTGTGGTTGGCCTGGAGTCTGGCAAAACCGGCGCGTAAGCTGAAAAACGCTGCCGATGAAGTTGCCCAGGGAAACTTACGCCAGCACCCGGAACTGGAAGCGGGGCCACAGGAATTCCTTGCCGCAGGTGCCAGTTTTAACCAGATGGTCACCGCGCTGGAGCGCATGATGACCTCTCAGCAGCGTCTGCTTTCTGATATCTCTCACGAGCTGCGCACCCCGCTGACGCGTCTGCAACTGGGTACGGCGTTACTGCGCCGTCGTAGTGGTGAAAGCAAGGAACTGGAGCGTATTGAAACCGAAGCGCAACGTCTGGACAGCATGATTAACGACCTGTTGGTGATGTCACGTAATCAGCAAAAAAACGCGCTGGTTAGCGAGACCATCAAAGCCAATCAGTTGTGGAGTGAAGTGCTGGATAACGCGGCGTTCGAAGCCGAGCAAATGGGCAAGTCGTTGACAGTTAACTTCCCGCCTGGGCCGTGGCCGCTGTACGGCAACCCGAACGCCCTGGAGAGTGCGCTGGAAAACATTGTTCGTAATGCCCTGCGTTATTCCCATACGAAGATTGAAGTGGGCTTTGCGGTAGATAAAGACGGTATCACCATTACGGTGGACGACGATGGTCCTGGCGTTAGCCCGGAAGATCGCGAACAGATTTTCCGTCCGTTCTATCGGACCGATGAAGCGCGCGATCGTGAATCTGGCGGTACAGGTTTGGGACTGGCGATTGTTGAAACCGCCATTCAGCAGCATCGTGGCTGGGTGAAAGCAGAAGACAGCCCGCTGGGCGGTTTACGGCTGGTGATTTGGTTGCCGCTGTATAAGCGGAGTTAA", "fmax": "4905062", "accession": "BA000007.3", "fmin": "4903688", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "386585", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36747"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAB38260.1", "sequence": "MIGSLTARIFAIFWLTLALVLMLVLMLPKLDSRQMTELLDSEQRQGLMIEQHVEAELANDPPNDLMWWRRLFRAIDKWAPPGQRLLLVTTEGRVIGAERSEMQIIRNFIGQADNADHPQKKKYGRVELVGPFSVRDGEDNYQLYLIRPASSSQSDFINLLFDRPLLLLIVTMLVSTPLLLWLAWSLAKPARKLKNAADEVAQGNLRQHPELEAGPQEFLAAGASFNQMVTALERMMTSQQRLLSDISHELRTPLTRLQLGTALLRRRSGESKELERIETEAQRLDSMINDLLVMSRNQQKNALVSETIKANQLWSEVLDNAAFEAEQMGKSLTVNFPPGPWPLYGNPNALESALENIVRNALRYSHTKIEVGFAVDKDGITITVDDDGPGVSPEDREQIFRPFYRTDEARDRESGGTGLGLAIVETAIQQHRGWVKAEDSPLGGLRLVIWLPLYKRS"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2345": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5360": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAATACCTCAATTTATGCAGGGAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTACGGCCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTCGGTTCAGTTAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCAGGTGGATATGCCAAAACAAAAGGAACAATTTCTTTTAAAGACACAACCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAATTAAAAAACACACCAATTGACCAAGTTAACTTATTTCAACTTGCTACTTATACGAGTGGCAACCTTGGCTTACAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTCCAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAGCCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAACTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCGAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGTTAGATGCACCTGCGTACGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATATTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCGGTGTTAAATGCAATAAAAAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283526.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95246.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFNTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTTGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLFQLATYTSGNLGLQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQLLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKIFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "1198": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2347": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5419": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCTCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCGAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCTTTGTTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAGTAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATTTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACGCCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCGACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCCTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTTCCTAAAACTCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCGAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACACACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCCGTGTTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283524.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95244.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDREIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKAVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDRQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNRENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNTQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "2346": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5364": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCGCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTAGCTCAATTTATGCGGGTAATACACCAAAAGAGCAAGAGATCAAAAAACTGGTTGATCAAAATTTTAAGCCTTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCCGGTATGGCTGTGGGCGTTATTCAAAATAACAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTTAATAGCAATACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGCTCGGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCAGGCGGATATGCCAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAATGACACGCCTGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGATCAAGTGAATTTACTTCAACTTGCGACATATACCAGTGGCAACCTTGCCTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTAAAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACGTTTTTCAAAGAATGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAACCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTTGACCAAGTCTTGGAAAAAACCATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTGCCTAAAACTCAAATGCAAAACTATGCATTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGCGTCAATCCTGGTCCACTCGATGCACCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCTACCCTACCGGATATGCTGAGTTTTATTAATGCAAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAAATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCACTAGGTTGGGAAGAGTTCTCTTATCCAGCACTTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATCGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCCGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGATCGACTAACGGTTTTGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACTAATAAACGTATTCCCAATGAAGAACGCATTAAAGCAGCTTATGCTGTGTTAAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283525.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95245.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSSSIYAGNTPKEQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSNTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFNDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVKTDQQVLTFFKEWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLSFINANLNPQKYPANIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPALLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "2341": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"4033": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1"}}}}}}}}}}, "1055": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5533": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCAAACTTATAACGCTGATGCCATTGAGGTACTCACCGGGCTTGAGCCGGTTCGCCGCCGTCCGGGGATGTATACCGATACCACTCGCCCTAACCATTTGGGGCAAGAAGTCATTGATAACAGTGTGGATGAAGCACTGGCGGGTCACGCAAAACGCGTGGACGTTATTTTACATGCTGACCAGTCGTTAGAAGTTATTGACGATGGGCGCGGGATGCCGGTGGATATTCACCCGGAAGAGGGTGTACCGGCGGTTGAACTGATTCTTTGCCGTCTGCATGCAGGCGGTAAATTCTCTAACAAAAATTACCAGTTCTCTGGCGGCCTGCATGGCGTGGGGATTTCGGTGGTTAACGCCCTGTCGAAGCGCGTAGAAGTTAACGTGCGCCGCGATGGTCAGGTTTATAACATCGCCTTTGAAAATGGCGAAAAGGTGCAGGATTTACAGGTTGTCGGCACTTGCGGTAAACGCAATACTGGTACCAGTGTGCACTTCTGGCCGGATGAAACCTTCTTTGACAGCCCGCGATTTTCTGTTTCACGCCTGACGCATGTGCTGAAAGCCAAAGCGGTATTGTGCCCTGGCGTTGAGATCACTTTTAAAGATGAGATCAACAATACCGAACAACGCTGGTGCTATCAGGACGGTCTGAATGATTACCTGGCGGAAGCGGTAAATGGTCTGCCGACGCTGCCGGAAAAACCGTTTATCGGTAATTTCGCTGGTGATACTGAAGCTGTGGACTGGGCGCTACTGTGGCTGCCGGAAGGCGGTGAACTGCTGACCGAAAGCTACGTCAACCTTATCCCAACGATGCAGGGCGGTACCCATGTTAATGGTCTGCGTCAGGGCCTGTTGGACGCGATGCGTGAGTTCTGTGAATACCGCAATATTCTGCCGCGCGGTGTAAAGCTGTCGGCGGAAGATATCTGGGATCGCTGCGCCTATGTGCTGTCAGTAAAAATGCAGGATCCGCAGTTTGCCGGGCAGACGAAAGAGCGTCTCTCTTCGCGTCAATGCGCGGCATTCGTTTCTGGCGTGGTGAAAGATGCCTTTATCCTGTGGCTGAACCAGAACGTTCAGGCGGCTGAACTGCTGGCGGAGATGGCGATTTCCAGCGCCCAGCGCCGTATGCGTGCGGCCAAAAAAGTGGTGCGTAAAAAGCTGACCAGCGGCCCGGCGTTGCCTGGCAAACTGGCTGATTGTACCGCGCAGGACCTTAACCGTACCGAGCTGTTCCTTGTGGAAGGTGACTCCGCAGGCGGATCTGCCAAGCAGGCGCGCGATCGCGAATATCAGGCGATCATGCCACTGAAAGGTAAGATCCTTAACACCTGGGAAGTCTCTTCCGACGAAGTGCTGGCTTCGCAGGAAGTGCACGATATTTCGGTAGCGATCGGTATCGATCCTGACAGCGACGATCTGAGCCAGCTTCGTTATGGCAAAATCTGTATCCTCGCGGATGCGGACTCTGATGGTCTGCACATTGCCACGCTGCTCTGCGCTTTGTTCGTAAAACATTTCCGCGCGTTGGTGAAACACGGTCACGTTTACGTCGCACTGCCACCGCTCTACCGTATTGATCTCGGGAAAGAGGTTTATTACGCGCTGACGGAAGAAGAGAAAGAGGGCGTACTTGAGCAATTAAAACGCAAGAAAGGCAAGCCGAACGTCCAGCGTTTTAAAGGTCTGGGGGAAATGAACCCGATGCAATTGCGCGAAACCACGCTTGATCCGAACACTCGCCGTCTGGTGCAGTTGACTATCGATGATGAAGACGATCAGCGTACTGACGCGATGATGGATATGCTGCTGGCGAAGAAACGCTCGGAAGATCGCCGCAACTGGTTGCAAGAGAAAGGCGACATGGCGGAGATTGAGGTTTAA", "fmax": "3174052", "accession": "AP009048.1", "fmin": "3172159", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "316407", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36839"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAE77086.1", "sequence": "MTQTYNADAIEVLTGLEPVRRRPGMYTDTTRPNHLGQEVIDNSVDEALAGHAKRVDVILHADQSLEVIDDGRGMPVDIHPEEGVPAVELILCRLHAGGKFSNKNYQFSGGLHGVGISVVNALSKRVEVNVRRDGQVYNIAFENGEKVQDLQVVGTCGKRNTGTSVHFWPDETFFDSPRFSVSRLTHVLKAKAVLCPGVEITFKDEINNTEQRWCYQDGLNDYLAEAVNGLPTLPEKPFIGNFAGDTEAVDWALLWLPEGGELLTESYVNLIPTMQGGTHVNGLRQGLLDAMREFCEYRNILPRGVKLSAEDIWDRCAYVLSVKMQDPQFAGQTKERLSSRQCAAFVSGVVKDAFILWLNQNVQAAELLAEMAISSAQRRMRAAKKVVRKKLTSGPALPGKLADCTAQDLNRTELFLVEGDSAGGSAKQARDREYQAIMPLKGKILNTWEVSSDEVLASQEVHDISVAIGIDPDSDDLSQLRYGKICILADADSDGLHIATLLCALFVKHFRALVKHGHVYVALPPLYRIDLGKEVYYALTEEEKEGVLEQLKRKKGKPNVQRFKGLGEMNPMQLRETTLDPNTRRLVQLTIDDEDDQRTDAMMDMLLAKKRSEDRRNWLQEKGDMAEIEV"}}}}}}}, "2343": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5304": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTTGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATTTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAAAGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAGCTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTTGCTACCTATACAAGTGGGAACCTTGCTTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGATCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTAGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGACATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCATTAGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTGTTAAACGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283528.2", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95248.2", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLSLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "2342": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5302": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCGAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAATCCGTAAGTAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGAATGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCGAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCCGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATACTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACGATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAGCAAATCGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCCAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACAAATGGCTTTGGATCTTATGTGGTGTTTATTCCAAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283529.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95249.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDREIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKSVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKEWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDTQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGSYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "1191": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1193": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "500"}}}}}}, "1192": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5481": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAATCGTAAAAAGGATATTATTAGTATTGTTAAGTTTATTTTTTACAATTGTGTATTCAAATGCTCAAACTGACAACTTAACTTTGAAAATTGAGAATGTTTTAAAGGCAAAAAATGCCAGAATAGGAGTAGCAATATTCAACAGCAATGAGAAGGATACTTTGAAGATTAATAACGACTTCCATTTCCCGATGCAAAGCGTTATGAAATTTCCGATTGCTTTAGCCGTTTTGTCTGAGATAGATAAAGGGAATCTTTCTTTTGAACAAAAAATAGAGATTACCCCTCAAGACCTTTTGCCTAAAACGTGGAGTCCGATTAAAGAGGAATTCCCTAATGGAACAACTTTGACGATTGAACAAATACTAAATTATACAGTATCAGAGAGCGACAATATTGGTTGTGATATTTTGCTAAAATTAATCGGAGGAACTGATTCTGTTCAAAAATTCTTGAATGCTAATCATTTCACTGATATTTCAATCAAAGCAAACGAAGAACAAATGCACAAGGATTGGAATACCCAATATCAAAATTGGGCAACCCCAACAGCGATGAACAAACTGTTAATAGATACTTATAATAATAAGAACCAATTACTTTCTAAAAAAAGTTATGATTTTATTTGGAAAATTATGAGAGAAACAACAACAGGAAGTAACCGATTAAAAGGACAATTACCAAAGAATACAATTGTTGCTCATAAAACAGGGACTTCCGGAATAAATAATGGAATTGCAGCAGCCACTAATGATGTTGGGGTAATTACTTTACCGAATGGACAATTAATTTTTATAAGCGTATTTGTTGCAGAGTCCAAAGAAACTTCGGAAATTAATGAAAAGATTATTTCAGACATTGCAAAAATAACGTGGAATTACTATTTGAATAAATAA", "fmax": "3661636", "accession": "CU459141.1", "fmin": "3660736", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii AYE", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "509173", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35535"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAM88398.1", "sequence": "MKIVKRILLVLLSLFFTIVYSNAQTDNLTLKIENVLKAKNARIGVAIFNSNEKDTLKINNDFHFPMQSVMKFPIALAVLSEIDKGNLSFEQKIEITPQDLLPKTWSPIKEEFPNGTTLTIEQILNYTVSESDNIGCDILLKLIGGTDSVQKFLNANHFTDISIKANEEQMHKDWNTQYQNWATPTAMNKLLIDTYNNKNQLLSKKSYDFIWKIMRETTTGSNRLKGQLPKNTIVAHKTGTSGINNGIAAATNDVGVITLPNGQLIFISVFVAESKETSEINEKIISDIAKITWNYYLNK"}}}}}}}, "2349": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5424": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTATCTCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAATACATCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACATCAAAAGAACAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAGAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCTGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTTAGTAAATTATTTACCGCAACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAAAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTTCCTAAAACTCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCACTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACGATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCTTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTAAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283522.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95242.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFNTSIYAGNTSKEQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKKLKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPALLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "2348": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5421": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCGCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGAACAAGAAGTTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAGCCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCTGGTATGGCCGTGGGGGTCATTCAAAATAATAAAAAATATGAAATATATTATGGCCTACAATCCGTTCAGGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCGGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCTGGTGGATATGCAAAAGCAAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGATGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAATCTTCTTCAACTTGCGACGTATACAAGTGGCAATCTCGCCTTACAATTTCCAGATGAAGTTCAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAAACTAAAAACGCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTTGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCACCTCTCCATTTAAAAAATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCCAAAACTCAAATGCAAAATTATGCATATGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATCCGAGTTAACCCTGGCCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGATATGCTGACTTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAGTGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGTACGATGTATCAAGCATTGGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCACCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAGCAAATCGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCCAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACAAATGGCTTTGGATCTTATGTGGTGTTTATTCCAAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283523.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95243.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKEQEVKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKAKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKTKNAIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPPLHLKNSYVNVPKTQMQNYAYGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLTFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAISETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGSYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "1696": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5308": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCGAATTCTTATGACTCCTCCAGTATCAAAGTCCTGAAAGGGCTGGATGCGGTGCGTAAGCGCCCGGGTATGTATATCGGCGACACGGATGACGGCACCGGTCTGCACCACATGGTATTCGAGGTGGTAGATAACGCTATCGACGAAGCGCTCGCAGGTCACTGTAAAGATATCGTCGTGACTATTCACGCCGATAACTCCGTGTCCGTAACGGATGATGGCCGTGGCATTCCGACCGGGATTCACCCGGAAGAAGGCGTCTCGGCGGCGGAAGTGATCATGACCGTTCTGCACGCGGGCGGTAAATTTGACGATAACTCCTATAAAGTCTCCGGCGGTCTGCACGGCGTGGGCGTCTCGGTAGTCAACGCTCTGTCGCAAAAACTGGAACTGGTTATCCAGCGAGATGGCAAAATTCACCGTCAGATCTACGAGCACGGCGTGCCGCAGGCACCCCTGGCCGTCACTGGCGATACCGATAAAACCGGCACGATGGTACGTTTCTGGCCGAGCCACGAAACCTTCACCAACGTCACTGAATTTGAATATGAGATCCTGGCGAAACGCCTGCGTGAACTGTCATTCCTGAACTCAGGCGTCTCCATCCGCCTGCGCGACAAGCGCGATGGCAAAGAAGATCATTTCCACTACGAAGGCGGCATCAAGGCGTTTGTTGAATATCTGAACAAGAATAAAACGCCGATCCACCCGAATATCTTCTATTTCTCCACCGAAAAAGACGGTATCGGCGTGGAAGTAGCGCTGCAGTGGAACGATGGTTTCCAGGAAAACATCTACTGCTTTACCAACAACATTCCGCAGCGCGACGGCGGTACTCACCTTGCAGGCTTCCGTGCGGCGATGACCCGTACGCTGAACGCCTACATGGACAAAGAAGGCTACAGCAAAAAAGCCAAAGTCAGCGCCACCGGCGACGATGCCCGTGAAGGTCTGATTGCGGTGGTTTCCGTAAAAGTACCGGATCCGAAATTCTCCTCACAGACCAAAGATAAGCTGGTCTCTTCCGAGGTGAAATCGGCGGTAGAACAGCAGATGAACGAACTGCTGAGCGAATACCTGCTGGAAAACCCATCTGACGCGAAAATCGTCGTCGGCAAAATTATCGACGCCGCGCGTGCGCGTGAAGCGGCGCGTCGCGCCCGTGAAATGACCCGTCGTAAAGGCGCGCTCGATTTAGCCGGTCTGCCGGGCAAACTGGCGGACTGTCAGGAACGCGACCCGGCGCTGTCCGAACTGTACCTGGTGGAAGGGGACTCCGCGGGCGGCTCTGCGAAGCAGGGGCGTAACCGCAAGAACCAGGCGATTCTGCCGCTGAAAGGTAAAATCCTTAACGTCGAGAAAGCGCGCTTCGACAAGATGCTTTCCTCCCAGGAAGTGGCGACGCTGATCACCGCGCTGGGCTGCGGTATCGGTCGCGACGAGTACAACCCGGACAAGCTGCGCTATCACAGCATCATCATCATGACCGATGCGGACGTCGACGGCTCGCACATCCGTACGCTGCTGTTGACCTTCTTCTATCGTCAGATGCCGGAAATTGTCGAGCGTGGCCACGTCTACATTGCGCAGCCGCCGCTGTACAAAGTGAAGAAAGGTAAGCAGGAACAGTACATTAAAGACGACGAAGCGATGGATCAGTACCAGATTTCCATCGCGCTTGACGGTGCGACTCTGCACGCGAACGCTCATGCGCCGGCGCTATCCGGCGAAGCGTTAGAAAAACTGGTCTCTGAATATAACGCCACGCAGAAAATGATTGGTCGTATGGAGCGTCGCTTCCCGAAAGCGCTGCTCAAAGAGCTGGTGTATCAGCCAACTCTGACCGAAGCCGATCTTTCTGATGAGCAGACTGTAACGCGCTGGGTGAATGCGCTGATTACCGAGCTGAACGAGAAAGAGCAGCACGGCAGTCAGTGGAAGTTCGATGTTCATACTAATACGGAACAGAATCTGTTCGAGCCGATCGTTCGCGTGCGTACGCATGGCGTGGATACCGATTATCCGTTGGATCACGAGTTTGTGACCGGCGCGGAATATCGTCGTATCTGCACGCTGGGCGAGAAGCTGCGTGGTCTGATTGAAGAGGACGCGTTTATCGAACGCGGCGAGCGTCGCCAGCCGGTAACCAGCTTCGAGCAGGCGCTGGAGTGGCTGGTGAAAGAATCACGTCGCGGTCTGGCTATCCAGCGTTATAAAGGTCTGGGTGAAATGAACCCGGATCAGCTGTGGGAAACCACCATGGACCCGGAAAGCCGCCGTATGCTGCGCGTGACCGTCAAAGATGCAATTGCTGCCGACCAGCTGTTCACTACGCTGATGGGTGATGCCGTTGAGCCGCGTCGTGCCTTTATCGAGGAGAACGCCCTGAAAGCAGCGAATATCGATATTTAA", "fmax": "4041282", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "4038867", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL22694.1", "sequence": "MSNSYDSSSIKVLKGLDAVRKRPGMYIGDTDDGTGLHHMVFEVVDNAIDEALAGHCKDIVVTIHADNSVSVTDDGRGIPTGIHPEEGVSAAEVIMTVLHAGGKFDDNSYKVSGGLHGVGVSVVNALSQKLELVIQRDGKIHRQIYEHGVPQAPLAVTGDTDKTGTMVRFWPSHETFTNVTEFEYEILAKRLRELSFLNSGVSIRLRDKRDGKEDHFHYEGGIKAFVEYLNKNKTPIHPNIFYFSTEKDGIGVEVALQWNDGFQENIYCFTNNIPQRDGGTHLAGFRAAMTRTLNAYMDKEGYSKKAKVSATGDDAREGLIAVVSVKVPDPKFSSQTKDKLVSSEVKSAVEQQMNELLSEYLLENPSDAKIVVGKIIDAARAREAARRAREMTRRKGALDLAGLPGKLADCQERDPALSELYLVEGDSAGGSAKQGRNRKNQAILPLKGKILNVEKARFDKMLSSQEVATLITALGCGIGRDEYNPDKLRYHSIIIMTDADVDGSHIRTLLLTFFYRQMPEIVERGHVYIAQPPLYKVKKGKQEQYIKDDEAMDQYQISIALDGATLHANAHAPALSGEALEKLVSEYNATQKMIGRMERRFPKALLKELVYQPTLTEADLSDEQTVTRWVNALITELNEKEQHGSQWKFDVHTNTEQNLFEPIVRVRTHGVDTDYPLDHEFVTGAEYRRICTLGEKLRGLIEEDAFIERGERRQPVTSFEQALEWLVKESRRGLAIQRYKGLGEMNPDQLWETTMDPESRRMLRVTVKDAIAADQLFTTLMGDAVEPRRAFIEENALKAANIDI"}}}}}}}, "1692": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5141": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAATTATTAATATTGGAGTTTTAGCTCATGTTGATGCAGGAAAAACTACCTTAACAGAAAGCTTATTATATAACAGTGGAGCGATTACAGAATTAGGAAGCGTGGACAAAGGTACAACGAGGACGGATAATACGCTTTTAGAACGTCAGAGAGGAATTACAATTCAGACAGGAATAACCTCTTTTCAGTGGGAAAATACGAAGGTGAACATCATAGACACGCCAGGACATATGGATTTCTTAGCAGAAGTATATCGTTCATTATCAGTTTTAGATGGGGCAATTCTACTGATTTCTGCAAAAGATGGCGTACAAGCACAAACTCGTATATTATTTCATGCACTTAGGAAAATGGGGATTCCCACAATCTTTTTTATCAATAAGATTGACCAAAATGGAATTGATTTATCAACGGTTTATCAGGATATTAAAGAGAAACTTTCTGCCGAAATTGTAATCAAACAGAAGGTAGAACTGTATCCTAATATGTGTGTGACGAACTTTACCGAATCTGAACAATGGGATACGGTAATAGAGGGAAACGATGACCTTTTAGAGAAATATATGTCCGGTAAATCATTAGAAGCATTGGAACTCGAACAAGAGGAAAGCATAAGATTTCAGAATTGTTCTCTGTTCCCTCTTTATCATGGAAGTGCAAAAAGTAATATAGGGATTGATAACCTTATAGAAGTTATTACTAATAAATTTTATTCATCAACACATCGAGGTCCGTCTGAACTTTGCGGAAATGTTTTCAAAATTGAATATACAAAAAAAAGACAACGTCTTGCATATATACGCCTTTATAGTGGAGTACTACATTTACGAGATTCGGTTAGAGTATCAGAAAAAGAAAAAATAAAAGTTACAGAAATGTATACTTCAATAAATGGTGAATTATGTAAGATTGATAGAGCTTATTCTGGAGAAATTGTTATTTTGCAAAATGAGTTTTTGAAGTTAAATAGTGTTCTTGGAGATACAAAACTATTGCCACAGAGAAAAAAGATTGAAAATCCGCACCCTCTACTACAAACAACTGTTGAACCGAGTAAACCTGAACAGAGAGAAATGTTGCTTGATGCCCTTTTGGAAATCTCAGATAGTGATCCGCTTCTACGATATTACGTGGATTCTACGACACATGAAATTATACTTTCTTTCTTAGGGAAAGTACAAATGGAAGTGATTAGTGCACTGTTGCAAGAAAAGTATCATGTGGAGATAGAACTAAAAGAGCCTACAGTCATTTATATGGAGAGACCGTTAAAAAATGCAGAATATACCATTCACATCGAAGTGCCGCCAAATCCTTTCTGGGCTTCCATTGGTTTATCTGTATCACCGCTTCCGTTGGGAAGTGGAATGCAGTATGAGAGCTCGGTTTCTCTTGGATACTTAAATCAATCGTTTCAAAATGCAGTTATGGAGGGGATACGCTATGGCTGTGAACAAGGATTGTATGGTTGGAATGTGACGGACTGTAAAATCTGTTTTAAGTATGGCTTATACTATAGCCCTGTTAGTACCCCAGCAGATTTTCGGATGCTTGCTCCTATTGTATTGGAACAAGTCTTAAAAAAAGCTGGAACAGAATTGTTAGAGCCATATCTTAGTTTTAAAATTTATGCGCCACAGGAATATCTTTCACGAGCATACAACGATGCTCCTAAATATTGTGCGAACATCGTAGACACTCAATTGAAAAATAATGAGGTCATTCTTAGTGGAGAAATCCCTGCTCGGTGTATTCAAGAATATCGTAGTGATTTAACTTTCTTTACAAATGGACGTAGTGTTTGTTTAACAGAGTTAAAAGGGTACCATGTTACTACCGGTGAACCTGTTTGCCAGCCCCGTCGTCCAAATAGTCGGATAGATAAAGTACGATATATGTTCAATAAAATAACTTAG", "fmax": "1003680", "accession": "AM990992.1", "fmin": "1001760", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ST398", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "523796", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35536"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAQ49384.1", "sequence": "MKIINIGVLAHVDAGKTTLTESLLYNSGAITELGSVDKGTTRTDNTLLERQRGITIQTGITSFQWENTKVNIIDTPGHMDFLAEVYRSLSVLDGAILLISAKDGVQAQTRILFHALRKMGIPTIFFINKIDQNGIDLSTVYQDIKEKLSAEIVIKQKVELYPNMCVTNFTESEQWDTVIEGNDDLLEKYMSGKSLEALELEQEESIRFQNCSLFPLYHGSAKSNIGIDNLIEVITNKFYSSTHRGPSELCGNVFKIEYTKKRQRLAYIRLYSGVLHLRDSVRVSEKEKIKVTEMYTSINGELCKIDRAYSGEIVILQNEFLKLNSVLGDTKLLPQRKKIENPHPLLQTTVEPSKPEQREMLLDALLEISDSDPLLRYYVDSTTHEIILSFLGKVQMEVISALLQEKYHVEIELKEPTVIYMERPLKNAEYTIHIEVPPNPFWASIGLSVSPLPLGSGMQYESSVSLGYLNQSFQNAVMEGIRYGCEQGLYGWNVTDCKICFKYGLYYSPVSTPADFRMLAPIVLEQVLKKAGTELLEPYLSFKIYAPQEYLSRAYNDAPKYCANIVDTQLKNNEVILSGEIPARCIQEYRSDLTFFTNGRSVCLTELKGYHVTTGEPVCQPRRPNSRIDKVRYMFNKIT"}}}}}}}, "1757": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1754": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"675": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Rhodococcus hoagii"}}}}}}}}}}, "1752": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}}}}}, "1751": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5165": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACAAAAAAAATATAAAAGACAGTCAAAACTTTATTACTTCGAAACGTAATATAGATAAAATAATGACAAATATAAGCTTAAATGAACATGATAATATCTTTGAAATTGGCTCAGGAAAAGGGCATTTTACCCTTGAATTAGTACAAAGGTGTAATTTCGTAACTGCTATTGAAATAGACCATAAATTATGCAAGACTACAGAAAATAAACTTGTTGATCACGATAATTTTCAAGTTTTAAACAAGGATATATTGCAGTTTAAATTTCCTAAAAACCAATCCTATAATATATTTGGTAATATTCCTTATAACATCAGTACGGATATTGTCAAAAGAATTACCTTTGAAAGTCAGGCTAAATATAGCTATCTTATCGTTGAGAAGGGATTTGCGAAAAGATTGCAAAATCTGCAACGAGCTTTGGGTTTACTATTAATGGTGGAGATGGATATAAAAATGCTCAAAAAAGTACCACCACTATATTTTCATCCTAAGCCAAGTGTAGACTCTGTATTGATTGTTCTTGAACGACATCAACCATTGATTTCAAAGAAGGACTACAAAAAGTATCGATCTTTTGTTTATAAGTGGGTAAACCGTGAATATCGTGTTCTTTTCACTAAAAACCAATTCCGACAGGCTTTGAAGCATGCAAATGTCACTAATATTAATAAACTATCGAAGGAACAATTTCTTTCTATTTTCAATAGTTACAAATTGTTTCACTAA", "fmax": "894", "accession": "AJ313523.1", "fmin": "162", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus sciuri", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36794"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAC86410.1", "sequence": "MNKKNIKDSQNFITSKRNIDKIMTNISLNEHDNIFEIGSGKGHFTLELVQRCNFVTAIEIDHKLCKTTENKLVDHDNFQVLNKDILQFKFPKNQSYNIFGNIPYNISTDIVKRITFESQAKYSYLIVEKGFAKRLQNLQRALGLLLMVEMDIKMLKKVPPLYFHPKPSVDSVLIVLERHQPLISKKDYKKYRSFVYKWVNREYRVLFTKNQFRQALKHANVTNINKLSKEQFLSIFNSYKLFH"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "1699": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"23": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Rhodococcus hoagii"}}}}}}}}}}, "1176": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5483": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGCCCGAGCAACACCCACCCATTACAGAAACCACCACCGGAGCCGCTAGCAACGGCTGTCCCGTCGTGGGTCATATGAAATACCCCGTCGAGGGCGGCGGAAACCAGGACTGGTGGCCCAACCGGCTCAATCTGAAGGTACTGCACCAAAACCCGGCCGTCGCTGACCCGATGGGTGCGGCGTTCGACTATGCCGCGGAGGTCGCGACCATCGACGTTGACGCCCTGACGCGGGACATCGAGGAAGTGATGACCACCTCGCAGCCGTGGTGGCCCGCCGACTACGGCCACTACGGGCCGCTGTTTATCCGGATGGCGTGGCACGCTGCCGGCACCTACCGCATCCACGACGGCCGCGGCGGCGCCGGGGGCGGCATGCAGCGGTTCGCGCCGCTTAACAGCTGGCCCGACAACGCCAGCTTGGACAAGGCGCGCCGGCTGCTGTGGCCGGTCAAGAAGAAGTACGGCAAGAAGCTCTCATGGGCGGACCTGATTGTTTTCGCCGGCAACTGCGCGCTGGAATCGATGGGCTTCAAGACGTTCGGGTTCGGCTTCGGCCGGGTCGACCAGTGGGAGCCCGATGAGGTCTATTGGGGCAAGGAAGCCACCTGGCTCGGCGATGAGCGTTACAGCGGTAAGCGGGATCTGGAGAACCCGCTGGCCGCGGTGCAGATGGGGCTGATCTACGTGAACCCGGAGGGGCCGAACGGCAACCCGGACCCCATGGCCGCGGCGGTCGACATTCGCGAGACGTTTCGGCGCATGGCCATGAACGACGTCGAAACAGCGGCGCTGATCGTCGGCGGTCACACTTTCGGTAAGACCCATGGCGCCGGCCCGGCCGATCTGGTCGGCCCCGAACCCGAGGCTGCTCCGCTGGAGCAGATGGGCTTGGGCTGGAAGAGCTCGTATGGCACCGGAACCGGTAAGGACGCGATCACCAGCGGCATCGAGGTCGTATGGACGAACACCCCGACGAAATGGGACAACAGTTTCCTCGAGATCCTGTACGGCTACGAGTGGGAGCTGACGAAGAGCCCTGCTGGCGCTTGGCAATACACCGCCAAGGACGGCGCCGGTGCCGGCACCATCCCGGACCCGTTCGGCGGGCCAGGGCGCTCCCCGACGATGCTGGCCACTGACCTCTCGCTGCGGGTGGATCCGATCTATGAGCGGATCACGCGTCGCTGGCTGGAACACCCCGAGGAATTGGCCGACGAGTTCGCCAAGGCCTGGTACAAGCTGATCCACCGAGACATGGGTCCCGTTGCGAGATACCTTGGGCCGCTGGTCCCCAAGCAGACCCTGCTGTGGCAGGATCCGGTCCCTGCGGTCAGCCACGACCTCGTCGGCGAAGCCGAGATTGCCAGCCTTAAGAGCCAGATCCGGGCATCGGGATTGACTGTCTCACAGCTAGTTTCGACCGCATGGGCGGCGGCGTCGTCGTTCCGTGGTAGCGACAAGCGCGGCGGCGCCAACGGTGGTCGCATCCGCCTGCAGCCACAAGTCGGGTGGGAGGTCAACGACCCCGACGGGGATCTGCGCAAGGTCATTCGCACCCTGGAAGAGATCCAGGAGTCATTCAACTCCGCGGCGCCGGGGAACATCAAAGTGTCCTTCGCCGACCTCGTCGTGCTCGGTGGCTGTGCCGCCATAGAGAAAGCAGCAAAGGCGGCTGGCCACAACATCACGGTGCCCTTCACCCCGGGCCGCACGGATGCGTCGCAGGAACAAACCGACGTGGAATCCTTTGCCGTGCTGGAGCCCAAGGCAGATGGCTTCCGAAACTACCTCGGAAAGGGCAACCCGTTGCCGGCCGAGTACATGCTGCTCGACAAGGCGAACCTGCTTACGCTCAGTGCCCCTGAGATGACGGTGCTGGTAGGTGGCCTGCGCGTCCTCGGCGCAAACTACAAGCGCTTACCGCTGGGCGTGTTCACCGAGGCCTCCGAGTCACTGACCAACGACTTCTTCGTGAACCTGCTCGACATGGGTATCACCTGGGAGCCCTCGCCAGCAGATGACGGGACCTACCAGGGCAAGGATGGCAGTGGCAAGGTGAAGTGGACCGGCAGCCGCGTGGACCTGGTCTTCGGGTCCAACTCGGAGTTGCGGGCGCTTGTCGAGGTCTATGGCGCCGATGACGCGCAGCCGAAGTTCGTGCAGGACTTCGTCGCTGCCTGGGACAAGGTGATGAACCTCGACAGGTTCGACGTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "2156111", "accession": "AL123456.3", "fmin": "2153888", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "83332", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CCP44675.1", "sequence": "MPEQHPPITETTTGAASNGCPVVGHMKYPVEGGGNQDWWPNRLNLKVLHQNPAVADPMGAAFDYAAEVATIDVDALTRDIEEVMTTSQPWWPADYGHYGPLFIRMAWHAAGTYRIHDGRGGAGGGMQRFAPLNSWPDNASLDKARRLLWPVKKKYGKKLSWADLIVFAGNCALESMGFKTFGFGFGRVDQWEPDEVYWGKEATWLGDERYSGKRDLENPLAAVQMGLIYVNPEGPNGNPDPMAAAVDIRETFRRMAMNDVETAALIVGGHTFGKTHGAGPADLVGPEPEAAPLEQMGLGWKSSYGTGTGKDAITSGIEVVWTNTPTKWDNSFLEILYGYEWELTKSPAGAWQYTAKDGAGAGTIPDPFGGPGRSPTMLATDLSLRVDPIYERITRRWLEHPEELADEFAKAWYKLIHRDMGPVARYLGPLVPKQTLLWQDPVPAVSHDLVGEAEIASLKSQIRASGLTVSQLVSTAWAAASSFRGSDKRGGANGGRIRLQPQVGWEVNDPDGDLRKVIRTLEEIQESFNSAAPGNIKVSFADLVVLGGCAAIEKAAKAAGHNITVPFTPGRTDASQEQTDVESFAVLEPKADGFRNYLGKGNPLPAEYMLLDKANLLTLSAPEMTVLVGGLRVLGANYKRLPLGVFTEASESLTNDFFVNLLDMGITWEPSPADDGTYQGKDGSGKVKWTGSRVDLVFGSNSELRALVEVYGADDAQPKFVQDFVAAWDKVMNLDRFDVR"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$insert": {"8868": "M126I, R496L"}}}}}}}}, "618": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}}}}}, "142": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1171": {"$update": {"ARO_name": "tet(44)"}}, "2344": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5306": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTTGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATTTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAAAGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAGCTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAGCTTGCTACCTATACAAGTGGGAACCTTGCTTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGATCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTAGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGACATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCATTAGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACCGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCTTTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTGTTAAACGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "AM283527.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95247.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLSLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERFKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "1275": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2352": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5435": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACCCCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCATTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACTATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGTGCTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAGGTTGTAGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGATCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAAATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCCCGGCCCACTCGATGCCCCAGCATACGGCGTCAAATCCACCTTACCGGATATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTTAACCCACAGAAATATCCGACAGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTCGCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAAGCGCTTGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAAGAGCCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACTAACGGTTTCGGAACATATATAGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGAGTGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1152", "accession": "KP881240.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter pittii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "48296", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36787"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAK95239.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDREIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKAVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNTQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK"}}}}}}}, "154": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5404": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCTGATCAACATAATTTAAAAGAACAGCTATGCTTTAGTTTGTACAATGCTCAAAGACAAGTTAATCGCTACTACTCTAACAAAGTTTTTAAGAAGTACAATCTAACATACCCACAATTTCTTGTCTTAACAATTTTATGGGATGAATCTCCTGTAAACGTCAAGAAAGTCGTAACTGAATTAGCACTCGATACTGGTACAGTATCACCATTATTAAAACGAATGGAACAAGTAGACTTAATTAAGCGTGAACGTTCCGAAGTCGATCAACGTGAAGTATTTATTCACTTGACTGACAAAAGTGAAACTATTAGACCAGAATTAAGTAATGCATCTGACAAAGTCGCTTCAGCTTCTTCTTTATCTCAAGATGAAGTTAAAGAACTTAATCGCTTATTAGGTAAAGTCATTCATGCATTTGATGAAACAAAGGAAAAATAA", "fmax": "735860", "accession": "BA000018.3", "fmin": "735416", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "158879", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35514"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAB41874.1", "sequence": "MSDQHNLKEQLCFSLYNAQRQVNRYYSNKVFKKYNLTYPQFLVLTILWDESPVNVKKVVTELALDTGTVSPLLKRMEQVDLIKRERSEVDQREVFIHLTDKSETIRPELSNASDKVASASSLSQDEVKELNRLLGKVIHAFDETKEK"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37041": {"category_aro_name": "moenomycin A1", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37041", "category_aro_accession": "3000697", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moenomycin A1 is a major component of moenomycin mixtures. It is produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis, S. bambergiensis, S. ederensis, and S. geysiriensis."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1885": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5588": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGCTCATCACGGCGACCCTCGATGCTGCAGGGCTGGGCCTCGTGATGCCGATCTTGCCTACCCTTCTCGACCAGGTCGGTGCCCCCGACGACATGATCCCACTGCACGTCGGACTACTGACAGCGCTCTATGCGATCATGCAGTTTCTTTGCGCCCCGATCCTTGGCCGACTCTCTGACCGTTTCGGACGCCGCCGCGTGCTTGTCGCCTCCCTCGCAGGCGCGACGATCGACTACCTCGTGCTCGCACTGACGGACACGCTGTGGGTCTTTTACCTCGCCCGCGCGGTTGCAGGCATTACCGGCGCCACGAACGCCGTCACCGCGACGGTGATCGCCGACATTACTCCGCCGGATCAGCGCGCAAAACGCTACGGGTGGCTCGGCGCATGCTACGGCGGTGGCATGATCGCGGGTCCCGCCATTGGCGGTCTTTTCGGCGGGGTCTCACCGCATCTGCCATTCCTCGTCGCCGCCGCGCTCGCCGGAATCACCCTCGTACTCAGCGCGAGTCTTCTGCGTGAGACGCGGCCACCGGGCAGCAACGGCTCGCACGCACAGCAACCCGGTACGGCGAAGCGAACCGCAGTGCCGGGGATGCTTATCCTTCTCGCAGTCTTCGGCATCGTGCAGTTCATCGGCCAAGCACCAGGCTCCACCTGGGTGCTCTTCACGCAGCAGCGCCTCGACTGGAACCCCGTCGAAGTCGGCGTTTCGCTATCCATCTTCGGAATGGTGCAAGTATTCGTGCAGGCGGCACTGACCGGACGCATCGTGTCCCGGATCGGCGAGACCCGGGCGATCCTCGTCGGTATCGCCGCAGACGCCATTGGGCTCATCGGCCTTGCCCTCATCGCCAGCACATGGGCGATGCTACCGATCCTCGCAGCGCTCGGACTCGGCAGCATCACGTTGCCCGCACTGCAGACGCTGCTCTCGAGACGCGCGCCCGAGCAGCAGCAGGGACGCCTGCAGGGAACACTTGCAAGCCTGAACAGCCTCACCTCGATCATCGGCCCGGTCACCTTCACCGGCATTTTCGCACTCACCCGAACGAATGCAGACGGCACCCTCTGGATCTGCGCCGCAGCGCTCTACGTTCTCTGCGCCCTCCTGATGATCCGTGAGACATGCGCCTCACGGCGATCTCGATAA", "fmax": "13034", "accession": "AF121000.1", "fmin": "11879", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Corynebacterium glutamicum", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1718", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36777"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAD25063.1", "sequence": "MLITATLDAAGLGLVMPILPTLLDQVGAPDDMIPLHVGLLTALYAIMQFLCAPILGRLSDRFGRRRVLVASLAGATIDYLVLALTDTLWVFYLARAVAGITGATNAVTATVIADITPPDQRAKRYGWLGACYGGGMIAGPAIGGLFGGVSPHLPFLVAAALAGITLVLSASLLRETRPPGSNGSHAQQPGTAKRTAVPGMLILLAVFGIVQFIGQAPGSTWVLFTQQRLDWNPVEVGVSLSIFGMVQVFVQAALTGRIVSRIGETRAILVGIAADAIGLIGLALIASTWAMLPILAALGLGSITLPALQTLLSRRAPEQQQGRLQGTLASLNSLTSIIGPVTFTGIFALTRTNADGTLWICAAALYVLCALLMIRETCASRRSR"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1880": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2123": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}, "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5184": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGTTTTACTAGAGGCCAAAAATATAAAACACTACATCAAAGATCGCTTATTATTAAAGATTGATGAATTAAAAATTGAACATAATGACCGGATTGGCTTGGTAGGTGTAAATGGAAGTGGAAAAACAACTTTGTTAAATATCCTTGCTGAAAAATTTATTCCTGACGAGGGGACAATCACGCCGTATGCCCAGAGTGAGATATTGCCACAGTTAAAAAAGACCGATGCGGCAAAAAGTGGGGGCGAAATTACTCAGGAATATATTCAACAAACGTTAAATAGTGCTCCAGCTCTTTTATTAGCAGACGAACCGACGACCAATCTAGATACAGATCATATCGAATGGGTTGAAAAAAAATTGAAGCGTTGGCAGGGGGCCTTCGTTCTTGTTTCCCATGACCGAGAATTTTTAGACGCTCTGTGTTCTGTTATTTGGGAACTGGAAGATGGTGAAATAACGGAGTACAAGGGCAATTATAGTGATTATCTCAAGCAAAAAGAAGTAGAAAAGCAACAACAACAATCCACATATGAAAAATATGAAAAAGAAAAAAAACAGCTGGAGAAAGCAATCCAACTAAAAGAAGAAAAGGCCCAACGAGCAACTAAAAAGCCTAAAAATTTATCTGCTTCTGAGAGACGAATAAAGGGATCGAAGCCTTACTTCGCAAAAAAACAGAAAAAACTGCATAAAACTGCAGGTGCTCTTGAAACAAGAGTAGAGAAATTAGAAAAAGTAGAGAAAATAAAAGATCAGCCACCTATTAAAATGGATTTACCAAATGAAAGAAATCTTAAAAATCGTGTGATTATTCGGGTTGAGGATCTAGAAGGACTTGTTCCCAAGCAGTTACTTTGGAAAAAGGCAACTTTTCAAATTTATGGTGGGGACAAACTAGCTATCATAGGACCCAATGGTAGTGGAAAAACAACTTTAGTTAAAAAAATAATAACTCAAGAAAATGGTGTCACTATTTCTCCGTCTGTTAAGATCGGTTACTTTAGTCAGAATCTAATGACGCTAGATGTAAACAAATCTATTTTAGAGAACGTTCAAAATTCTTCGAAACAAGAAGAATCACTGATTCGAACGGTACTAGCTAGAATGCATTTCTTTGATGAAGATGTATACAAACCTGTGCATGTGCTAAGCGGTGGTGAAAGAGTAAAAGTTGCACTGACAAAACTATTAGTGAGCGATATCAATACACTCGTTTTAGATGAACCAACGAATTACTTGGATACGGAAGCACTCAAAGCATTAGAAAACCTCTTGAATGAATATACGGGAAGTATTATTTTTGTTTCTCATGATCGTACCTTTACCGAAAATATCGCTACTCGAATTTTAGAAATACGTAATAAAAAAATTGAGATATTTGATGGGACGTACCAACAATTCAAAAATAGATCTACTAAAAAGGAACGGGATTTTCAGCAAGAAGAGCAGTTACTACTAGATACAAAGATATCCGAAGTACTTAGCCGCTTAAGTATGGAACCTTCCCAAGCTTTGGAAAAAGAATTTCAAAACCTCCTAAAAGAAAAAAGTAAGTTAAAGGAGTAA", "fmax": "1669", "accession": "FN806792.1", "fmin": "100", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CBL58195.1", "sequence": "MVLLEAKNIKHYIKDRLLLKIDELKIEHNDRIGLVGVNGSGKTTLLNILAEKFIPDEGTITPYAQSEILPQLKKTDAAKSGGEITQEYIQQTLNSAPALLLADEPTTNLDTDHIEWVEKKLKRWQGAFVLVSHDREFLDALCSVIWELEDGEITEYKGNYSDYLKQKEVEKQQQQSTYEKYEKEKKQLEKAIQLKEEKAQRATKKPKNLSASERRIKGSKPYFAKKQKKLHKTAGALETRVEKLEKVEKIKDQPPIKMDLPNERNLKNRVIIRVEDLEGLVPKQLLWKKATFQIYGGDKLAIIGPNGSGKTTLVKKIITQENGVTISPSVKIGYFSQNLMTLDVNKSILENVQNSSKQEESLIRTVLARMHFFDEDVYKPVHVLSGGERVKVALTKLLVSDINTLVLDEPTNYLDTEALKALENLLNEYTGSIIFVSHDRTFTENIATRILEIRNKKIEIFDGTYQQFKNRSTKKERDFQQEEQLLLDTKISEVLSRLSMEPSQALEKEFQNLLKEKSKLKE"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "1000"}}}}}}, "2122": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to neomycin.", "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin", "ARO_name": "Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin"}}, "2124": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Sequence variants of Clostridioides difficile elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5256": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTAAAGCTAAATACGAAAGAACAAAACCTCATGTTAATATAGGGACAATAGGACACGTAGACCACGGTAAAACTACATTAACAGCAGCAATAACAAAAACATTATATGACAGATATCAATTAGGAGAAGCAGTAGATTTCGCAAACATAGATAAAGCTCCAGAAGAAAGAGAAAGAGGAATCACAATATCAACAGCACACGTTGAGTATGAAACACCAAATAGACACTATGCACACGTTGACTGCCCAGGGCATGCTGACTACGTTAAGAACATGATAACAGGAGCAGCACAAATGGACGGAGCAATATTAGTTTGTTCAGCAACAGATGGACCAATGCCACAAACAAGAGAGCATATACTATTATCAAGACAAGTTGGAGTACCATATATAGTAGTATTCTTAAATAAATGTGACATGGTAGATGATGAAGAGTTATTAGAGTTAGTAGAGATGGAAGTAAGAGATTTATTAACAGAGTATGATTTCCCAGGAGATGACACTCCAATAGTAAGAGGATCAGCGTTAATGGCATTAGAAGATCCAAAGAGTGAGTGGGGAGATAAGATAGTAGAATTATTCGAGCAAATAGATGAATATATACCAGCACCAGAGAGAGATACAGATAAGCCATTCTTAATGCCAGTAGAAGACGTATTCTCAATCACAGGAAGAGGAACAGTTGCAACAGGAAGAGTGGAAAGAGGAGTATTAAAAGTACAAGACGAAGTAGAATTAGTAGGATTAACAGAAGCACCAAGAAAAGTAGTAGTAACAGGAGTAGAGATGTTCAGAAAATTATTAGACCAAGCACAAGCAGGGGATAATATAGGAGCATTATTAAGAGGAGTACAAAGAAACGAGATAGAAAGAGGACAAGTACTAGCAAAGACTGGATCAGTAAAGGCACACACAAAGTTTACAGCAGAAGTATATGTACTTAAAAAAGAAGAAGGTGGAAGACATACACCATTCTTTGATGGATATAGACCACAATTTTACTTCAGAACAACAGACGTAACAGGAGCTTGTAAGTTACCAGAAGGAATAGAGATGGTAATGCCTGGAGATAACGTAACAATGGAAGTAGACTTAATAAACTCAATAGTTGTAGAAGAGGGATTAAGATTCTCAATAAGAGAAGGTGGAAGAACAGTAGCTTCAGGAGTTGTTGCTACAATAATAGAGTAA", "fmax": "110804", "accession": "CP012325.1", "fmin": "109610", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Clostridioides difficile", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1496", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36807"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AXU66539.1", "sequence": "MAKAKYERTKPHVNIGTIGHVDHGKTTLTAAITKTLYDRYQLGEAVDFANIDKAPEERERGITISTAHVEYETPNRHYAHVDCPGHADYVKNMITGAAQMDGAILVCSATDGPMPQTREHILLSRQVGVPYIVVFLNKCDMVDDEELLELVEMEVRDLLTEYDFPGDDTPIVRGSALMALEDPKSEWGDKIVELFEQIDEYIPAPERDTDKPFLMPVEDVFSITGRGTVATGRVERGVLKVQDEVELVGLTEAPRKVVVTGVEMFRKLLDQAQAGDNIGALLRGVQRNEIERGQVLAKTGSVKAHTKFTAEVYVLKKEEGGRHTPFFDGYRPQFYFRTTDVTGACKLPEGIEMVMPGDNVTMEVDLINSIVVEEGLRFSIREGGRTVASGVVATIIE"}}}}}, "model_name": "Clostridioides difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin", "ARO_name": "Clostridioides difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin"}}, "2127": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to kanamycin", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3266": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin", "ARO_name": "Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin"}}, "2126": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to tobramycin", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3253": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin", "ARO_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin"}}, "2129": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "2128": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to gentamicin", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3256": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin", "ARO_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin"}}, "944": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "945": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}, "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5150": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTTGCTAAAAATTCAAAGGCATATTCTGTCTACCTGCTGTTCCGATTTGTCTGTTCCCTGGCGGTTTCTATGTCCACAGTGCTTTCCATCGTGTACCACCTGGAGGTGGTGCAGCTGGATGCTTTCCAGCTTGTCCTGGTAGGGACGGTTCAGGAGGCCTCCTGCTTTCTGTTCGAGATGCCCACCGGTGTGGTGGCGGATTTGTATAGCCGTCGGCGCTCGGTGCTGATTGGAATGTTCCTCTACGGCCTGGGCTTTCTGATGGAGGGTGCGCTACCGTGGTTCGCGCCGGTTCTGCTGGCCCAGGTTGTCTGGGGTTGCGGTGATACCTTCATCACCGGCGCTCTGGAGGCGTGGATTGCCTCGGAGGAAGAGGACAAACCCATAGACAAGGTGTTCCTGCGGGGCAGTCAAATGGGGCAAATCGGCGGCGTTCTGGGCGTGGTGCTGGGCACACTGCTGGGAAACATAAACCTGCAAATGCCTCTCATCTTGGGGGGCAGTTTGTGCTTGTTGTTGGGGCTGGTGATGGTTCGCATCATGCCAGAAACCAACTTCTCCCCTGCTATTGAGGAACGGCAGGGCTTGCTTAAAGACTTTGTCTGCCTGTTCAAGCTCAACCTGGGCTTTGTGAAAGGCGCACCTGTGTTGCTGGCGCTCTTAGCAATCACACTATGCGGGGGACTTGCCAGTGAAGGCTTTGACCGGCTCTCCACCGCTCATTTTCTGGATGACACGGTAATACCCGTTATCGGGCCGCTGAACAGCGTCACTTGGTTCGGTGTTATCAGTCTTATCGGCAACGGCTTAGGTATTCTGGCTTCTCAGTTGCTCATCGCCCGCATGGAGAAAAAAGGGACTGTCAGCCGAACCAGTGTGGTCATGTCCACCAGCGCCGGGTATATCCTGTTCCTGGTTCTCTTCGCGGTGGGGCGGAGCTTTTGGTTCATGTTGTTGGTGTTCCTGCTGGCGGGGCTTATGCGCACCATCAAGGAGCCTGTGCTGGCCGCCTGGATGAACGACCATGTGGATGAGAAAATGCGCGCCACAGTCTTTTCCACCAGCGGACAGCTGGACTCTTTCGGGCAGATCATCGGCGGGCCTATTGTGGGGCTGGTAGCCCAGCAGGTGTCCATACCCTGGGGGCTGGTCTGTACCGCTTTCCTGCTGTTGCCCGCGCTGTTCTTAGTGCCGGTGGCGGGAAAGAAGCGGGATTGA", "fmax": "15431", "accession": "AM419751", "fmin": "14210", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAM12479.1", "sequence": "MFAKNSKAYSVYLLFRFVCSLAVSMSTVLSIVYHLEVVQLDAFQLVLVGTVQEASCFLFEMPTGVVADLYSRRRSVLIGMFLYGLGFLMEGALPWFAPVLLAQVVWGCGDTFITGALEAWIASEEEDKPIDKVFLRGSQMGQIGGVLGVVLGTLLGNINLQMPLILGGSLCLLLGLVMVRIMPETNFSPAIEERQGLLKDFVCLFKLNLGFVKGAPVLLALLAITLCGGLASEGFDRLSTAHFLDDTVIPVIGPLNSVTWFGVISLIGNGLGILASQLLIARMEKKGTVSRTSVVMSTSAGYILFLVLFAVGRSFWFMLLVFLLAGLMRTIKEPVLAAWMNDHVDEKMRATVFSTSGQLDSFGQIIGGPIVGLVAQQVSIPWGLVCTAFLLLPALFLVPVAGKKRD"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "750"}}}}}}, "2086": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "2087": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5258": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGGGACTCAGTGACCGCCGAAATTTCGACGCAACTATCCAAGGTGCTTAGTGTTATCGAGCACCATCTGGAACCGACGTTGCTTGCCGTACATTTGTACGGCTCCGCAGTGGATGGCGGCCTGAAGCCATACAGTGATATTGATTTGCTGGTTACTGTGACCGCAAGGCTTGATGACACAACGCGGCGAGCTTTGTTCAACGATCTTTTGGAGGTTTCGGCTTTCCCAGGCGAGAGTGAGATTCTCCGCGCTATAGAAGTCACCATTGTCGTGCACGAAGACATTATGCCGTGGCGTTATCCAGCCAAGCGCGAACTGCAATTTGGAGAATGGCAGCGCAATGACATTCTTGCGGGTATCTTCGAGCCAGCCACGATCGACATCGATCTGGCTATCTTGCTAACGAAAGCGAGAGAACATAGCGTGGCTTTGGTAGGTCCGGCGGCGGAGGAACTCTTTGATCCAGTTCCTGAACAAGATCTAATCAAGGCGCTGAATGAAACCTTGAAGCTATGGAACTCGCAGCCCGACTGGGCCGGCGATGAGCGAAATGTAGTGCTTACGTTGTCCCGCATTTGGTACAGCGCAGCAACTGGTAAAATCGCGCCGAAGGATGTCGCTGCCAACTGGGCAATGGAACATCTACCTGCCCAGCATCAGTCTGTCTTGCTTGAAGCTAGACAGGCTTATCTTGGGCAAGAGGAAGATCGCTCGGTCTTGCGCGCAGATAAGTTGGAAGAATTTATTCACTTCATGAAAAGCGAGATCACCAAGGTGCTCGGCAATGATGTCTAA", "fmax": "1437", "accession": "EU746499.1", "fmin": "639", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABW91178.1", "sequence": "MRDSVTAEISTQLSKVLSVIEHHLEPTLLAVHLYGSAVDGGLKPYSDIDLLVTVTARLDDTTRRALFNDLLEVSAFPGESEILRAIEVTIVVHEDIMPWRYPAKRELQFGEWQRNDILAGIFEPATIDIDLAILLTKAREHSVALVGPAAEELFDPVPEQDLIKALNETLKLWNSQPDWAGDERNVVLTLSRIWYSAATGKIAPKDVAANWAMEHLPAQHQSVLLEARQAYLGQEEDRSVLRADKLEEFIHFMKSEITKVLGNDV"}}}}}}}, "2084": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to amikacin", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3254": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin", "ARO_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin"}}, "2085": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "1471": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5374": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGTCGGCTAAGCTTTGGGCACCAGCCCTTACTGCTTGCGCATTAGCAACAAGTATCGCGCTTGTTGGTTGTAGCAAAGGCTCCGATGAGAAACAGCAAGCTGCTGCTGCTCAGAAAATGCCGCCTGCAGAAGTAGGTGTTATTGTTGCTCAACCACAAAGTGTTGAACAAAGCGTTGAGCTTTCAGGCCGTACTTCAGCATATCAAATTTCTGAAGTTCGTCCTCAAACAAGTGGCGTGATTTTAAAACGTTTATTTGCTGAAGGAAGCTATGTTCGTGAAGGTCAGGCGCTTTATGAGCTCGACTCTAGAACGAACCGTGCAACGTTAGAAAATGCAAAAGCATCACTCCTACAACAACAGGCAAATCTAGCTTCACTACGTACCAAGTTAAATCGTTATAAACAACTTGTTTCTAGTAATGCTGTGTCTAAACAGGAATATGATGACTTACTTGGTCAAGTCAATGTTGCAGAAGCACAAGTTGCAGCAGCTAAGGCTCAAGTAACAAATGCAAATGTAGATCTTGGTTATTCTACAATTCGCTCTCCTATTTCTGGCCAATCTGGTCGTTCTTCAGTAACGGCTGGTGCTTTGGTTACTGCAAACCAGACTGACCCGTTGGTAACGATTCAACAATTAGATCCTATCTATGTTGATATTAATCAGTCTAGTGCTGAGTTATTGCGTTTACGTCAACAACTAAGCAAAGGCAGTTTAAATAACAGTAACAACACGAAAGTAAAATTAAAGCTTGAAGATGGTTCTACCTATCCAATCGAAGGGCAACTTGCTTTCTCTGACGCTTCTGTAAACCAAGATACAGGAACAATTACATTACGTGCCGTATTCTCTAACCCGAATCATTTATTGCTTCCGGGTATGTATACCACTGCGCAAATTGTTCAGGGCGTTGTTCCAAATGCTTACCTGATTCCTCAAGCTGCCATTACTCGTTTACCTACAGGACAAGCTGTAGCGATGCTTGTTAATGCTAAAGGGGTTGTTGAGAGCCGTCCTGTTGAAACCTCTGGTGTTCAAGGACAAAACTGGATTGTGACTAACGGCTTAAAAGCCGGCGATAAAGTCATTGTTGATGGTGTTGCCAAAGTTAAAGAAGGGCAAGAAGTATCAGCAAAACCTTATCAAGCTCAACCAGCAAACTCTCAAGGTGCAGCACCAAATGCTGCGAAACCGGCTCAATCAGGTAAACCTCAAGCAGAACAGAAAGCAGCTTCAAATGCATAA", "fmax": "3284677", "accession": "CP001182.2", "fmin": "3283426", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "480119", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35531"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACJ41739.1", "sequence": "MMSAKLWAPALTACALATSIALVGCSKGSDEKQQAAAAQKMPPAEVGVIVAQPQSVEQSVELSGRTSAYQISEVRPQTSGVILKRLFAEGSYVREGQALYELDSRTNRATLENAKASLLQQQANLASLRTKLNRYKQLVSSNAVSKQEYDDLLGQVNVAEAQVAAAKAQVTNANVDLGYSTIRSPISGQSGRSSVTAGALVTANQTDPLVTIQQLDPIYVDINQSSAELLRLRQQLSKGSLNNSNNTKVKLKLEDGSTYPIEGQLAFSDASVNQDTGTITLRAVFSNPNHLLLPGMYTTAQIVQGVVPNAYLIPQAAITRLPTGQAVAMLVNAKGVVESRPVETSGVQGQNWIVTNGLKAGDKVIVDGVAKVKEGQEVSAKPYQAQPANSQGAAPNAAKPAQSGKPQAEQKAASNA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1474": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5452": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACTACCCCGTGAATCCCGACCTGATGCCCGCGCTGATGGCGGTCTTCCAGCATGTGCGGACGCGCATCCAGAGCGAGCTCGATTGCCAGCGACTCGACCTGACCCCGCCCGACGTCCATGTATTGAAGCTTATCGACGAACAACGCGGGCTGAACCTGCAGGACCTGGGACGCCAGATGTGCCGCGACAAGGCACTGATCACCCGGAAGATCCGCGAGCTGGAGGGAAGAAACCTGGTCCGCCGCGAGCGCAACCCCAGCGACCAGCGCAGCTTCCAGCTCTTCCTCACCGACGAGGGGCTGGCCATCCACCAGCATGCGGAGGCCATCATGTCACGCGTGCATGACGAGTTGTTTGCCCCGCTCACCCCGGTGGAACAGGCCACCCTGGTGCATCTCCTCGACCAGTGCCTGGCCGCGCAACCGCTTGAGGATATTTAA", "fmax": "471749", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "471305", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG03813.1", "sequence": "MNYPVNPDLMPALMAVFQHVRTRIQSELDCQRLDLTPPDVHVLKLIDEQRGLNLQDLGRQMCRDKALITRKIRELEGRNLVRRERNPSDQRSFQLFLTDEGLAIHQHAEAIMSRVHDELFAPLTPVEQATLVHLLDQCLAAQPLEDI"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1570": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2224": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$insert": {"5273": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAGTGATGAAGTGGAGCGCCATTGCACTGGCGGTTTCCGCAGGTAGCACTCAGTTCGCCGTGGCCGACGCATTCGTCAGCGATCAGGCCGAAGCGAAGGGGTTCATCGAAGACAGCAGCCTCGACCTGCTGCTCCGCAACTACTATTTCAACCGTGACGGCAAGAGCGGCAGCGGGGACCGCGTCGACTGGACCCAAGGCTTCCTCACCACCTATGAATCCGGCTTCACCCAAGGCACTGTGGGCTTCGGCGTCGATGCCTTCGGCTACCTGGGCCTGAAGCTCGACGGCACCTCCGACAAGACCGGCACCGGCAACCTGCCGGTGATGAACGACGGCAAGCCGCGCGATGACTACAGCCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGTGAAGGTGCGCATCTCCAAGACCATGCTGAAGTGGGGCGAGATGCAACCGACCGCCCCGGTCTTCGCCGCTGGCGGCAGCCGCCTGTTCCCGCAGACCGCGACCGGCTTCCAGCTGCAGAGCAGCGAATTCGAAGGGCTCGACCTCGAGGCAGGCCACTTCACCGAGGGCAAGGAGCCGACCACCGTCAAATCGCGTGGCGAACTCTATGCCACCTACGCAGGCGAGACCGCCAAGAGCGCCGATTTCATTGGGGGCCGCTACGCAATCACCGATAACCTCAGCGCCTCCCTGTACGGCGCCGAACTCGAAGACATCTATCGCCAGTATTACCTGAACAGCAACTACACCATCCCACTGGCATCCGACCAATCGCTGGGCTTCGATTTCAACATCTACCGCACAAACGATGAAGGCAAGGCCAAGGCCGGCGACATCAGCAACACCACTTGGTCCCTGGCGGCAGCCTACACTCTGGATGCGCACACTTTCACCTTGGCCTACCAGAAGGTCCATGGCGATCAGCCGTTTGATTATATCGGCTTCGGCCGCAACGGCTCTGGCGCAGGTGGCGACTCGATTTTCCTCGCCAACTCTGTCCAGTACTCCGACTTCAACGGCCCTGGCGAGAAATCCTGGCAGGCTCGCTACGACCTGAACCTAGCCTCCTATGGCGTTCCCGGCCTGACTTTCATGGTCCGCTATATCAATGGCAAGGACATCGATGGCACCAAGATGTCTGACAACAACGTCGGCTATAAGAACTACGGCTACGGCGAGGATGGCAAGCACCACGAAACCAACCTCGAAGCCAAGTACGTGGTCCAGTCCGGTCCGGCCAAGGACCTGTCGTTCCGCATCCGCCAGGCCTGGCACCGTGCCAACGCCGACCAGGGCGAAGGCGACCAGAACGAGTTCCGCCTGATCGTCGACTATCCGCTGTCGATCCTGTAA", "fmax": "1045314", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "1043982", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG04347.1", "sequence": "MKVMKWSAIALAVSAGSTQFAVADAFVSDQAEAKGFIEDSSLDLLLRNYYFNRDGKSGSGDRVDWTQGFLTTYESGFTQGTVGFGVDAFGYLGLKLDGTSDKTGTGNLPVMNDGKPRDDYSRAGGAVKVRISKTMLKWGEMQPTAPVFAAGGSRLFPQTATGFQLQSSEFEGLDLEAGHFTEGKEPTTVKSRGELYATYAGETAKSADFIGGRYAITDNLSASLYGAELEDIYRQYYLNSNYTIPLASDQSLGFDFNIYRTNDEGKAKAGDISNTTWSLAAAYTLDAHTFTLAYQKVHGDQPFDYIGFGRNGSGAGGDSIFLANSVQYSDFNGPGEKSWQARYDLNLASYGVPGLTFMVRYINGKDIDGTKMSDNNVGYKNYGYGEDGKHHETNLEAKYVVQSGPAKDLSFRIRQAWHRANADQGEGDQNEFRLIVDYPLSIL"}}}}}}}}, "2712": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2713": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}}}}, "2659": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2711": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}}}}, "2716": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5207": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAACACACCCCCTCGTTGCTCGCCCTGGCCCTGGTCGCCGCCCTCGGCGGCTGCGCCATCGGCCCCGACTACCAGCGACCGGACCTGGCGGTGCCCGCCGAATTCAAGGAAGCCGAAGGCTGGCGCCGCGCCGAGCCGCGCGACGTGTTCCAGCGCGGCGCCTGGTGGGAGCTGTACGGCGACCAGACCCTGAACGACCTGCAGATGCACCTGGAACGTTCCAACCAGACCCTGGCCCAGTCGGTGGCGCAGTTCCGCCAGGCCGAGGCGCTGGTGCGCGGCGCGCGGGCGGCGTTCTTCCCGTCGATCACCGGCAACGTGGGCAAGACCCGCAGCGGCCAGGGCGGCGGCGACAGCACCGTGTTGCTGCCGGGAGGCTCGACGGTGAGCAGCGGCGGCTCTGGCGCGATCAGCACCAGCTACTCGACCAACCTCAGTGTCAGCTGGGAGGTCGACCTCTGGGGCAAGCTGCGCCGGCAACTGGAGGCCAACCAGGCGAGCCTGCATGCCAGCGCCGCCGACCTCGCCGCGGTGCGCCTCAGCCAGCAGTCGCAACTGGCGCAGAACTACCTGCAACTGCGGGTGATGGACGAACAGATCCGCCTGCTCAACGACACGGTGACGGCCTACGAGCGTTCGCTGAAGGTGGCCGAGAACAAATACCGCGCCGGCATCGTCACCAGGGCCGACGTGGCCCAGGCCCGCACCCAGTTGAAAAGCACCCAGGCCCAGGCCATCGACCTGAAGTACCAGCGTGCCCAGCTGGAGCACGCCATCGCCGTGCTGGTCGGCCTGCCGCCGGCGCAATTCAACCTGCCGCCGGTGGCGAGCGTGCCGAAGCTGCCGGACCTGCCGGCAGTGGTGCCGTCGCAATTGCTCGAACGACGGCCGGACATCGCCTCGGCGGAACGCAAGGTGATTTCCGCCAACGCCCAGATCGGCGTGGCCAAGGCCGCCTATTTCCCCGACCTCACCCTGAGCGCCGCCGGCGGCTACCGCAGCGGCAGCCTGAGCAACTGGATCAGCACGCCGAACCGCTTCTGGTCGATCGGCCCGCAGTTCGCCATGACCCTGTTTGACGGCGGCCTGATCGGCTCCCAGGTGGACCAGGCCGAGGCTACCTACGACCAGACCGTGGCGACCTACCGGCAGACCGTGCTCGACGGTTTCCGCGAGGTGGAGGACTACCTGGTGCAATTGAGCGTCCTCGACGAGGAGAGCGGGGTGCAGCGCGAAGCCCTGGAGTCGGCCCGCGAGGCACTGCGCCTGGCCGAGAACCAGTACAAGGCCGGCACCGTCGACTACACCGACGTGGTCACCAACCAGGCCACCGCGCTGAGCAACGAACGCACCGTGCTGACCCTGCTCGGCAGCCGCCTGACCGCCAGCGTCCAGTTGATCGCGGCAATGGGCGGCGGCTGGGACAGCGCCGACATCGAGCGGACCGACGAGCGGCTCGGCCGGGTCGAAGAGGGCCTGCCGCCTTCGCCCTGA", "fmax": "2847779", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2846282", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05913.1", "sequence": "MKHTPSLLALALVAALGGCAIGPDYQRPDLAVPAEFKEAEGWRRAEPRDVFQRGAWWELYGDQTLNDLQMHLERSNQTLAQSVAQFRQAEALVRGARAAFFPSITGNVGKTRSGQGGGDSTVLLPGGSTVSSGGSGAISTSYSTNLSVSWEVDLWGKLRRQLEANQASLHASAADLAAVRLSQQSQLAQNYLQLRVMDEQIRLLNDTVTAYERSLKVAENKYRAGIVTRADVAQARTQLKSTQAQAIDLKYQRAQLEHAIAVLVGLPPAQFNLPPVASVPKLPDLPAVVPSQLLERRPDIASAERKVISANAQIGVAKAAYFPDLTLSAAGGYRSGSLSNWISTPNRFWSIGPQFAMTLFDGGLIGSQVDQAEATYDQTVATYRQTVLDGFREVEDYLVQLSVLDEESGVQREALESAREALRLAENQYKAGTVDYTDVVTNQATALSNERTVLTLLGSRLTASVQLIAAMGGGWDSADIERTDERLGRVEEGLPPSP"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2717": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5206": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACTCCAACGACCGGTAAATCCAAGTTCCGTACCCTGCGCCCGTGGCTGATCACCGCCCTGGCCTTCGCCGCCGTGATCGGCCTGGTGATGTGGCTGGCGGCGCCCGCCTCGGCACCGTCCTCCGACGGGCGACCCGGTCGCGGCGGCAAGCCGGGCGCCGCGCTGCCCAAGGCCAACGCGCTCACCGTCGGCGTGGCCAGGGTGGAGCAGGGCGACCTGGCGCTGCATTTCAACGCGCTTGGCACCGTCACCGCCTTCAACACGGTGAACGTCAAGCCGCGGGTCAACGGCGAGCTGGTCAAGGTGCTGTTCCAGGAGGGGCAGGAGGTCAAGGCCGGCGACCTGCTGGCGGTGGTCGACCCGCGCACCTACAAGGCGGCGCTGGCCCAGGCCGAGGGCACGCTGATGCAGAACCAGGCGCAACTGAAGAACGCCGAGATCGACCTGCAGCGCTACAAGGGGCTGTATGCCGAGGACTCGATAGCCAAGCAGACCCTGGATACCCAGGAAGCCCAGGTCCGCCAGTTGCAGGGCACCATCCGTACCAACCAGGGCCAGGTCGACGACGCCCGCCTCAACCTGACCTTCACCGAGGTCCGCGCACCGATTTCCGGGCGCCTCGGCCTGCGCCAGGTGGACATCGGCAACCTGGTCACCAGCGGCGATACCACGCCGCTGGTGGTGATCACCCAGGTCAAGCCGATCTCGGTGGTGTTCAGCCTGCCGCAGCAGCAGATCGGCACCGTCGTCGAGCAGATGAACGGCCCCGGCAAGCTGACGGTCACCGCGCTGGACCGCAACCAGGACAAGGTTCTCGCCGAAGGCACCCTGACCACCCTGGACAACCAGATCGACACCACCACCGGCACGGTCAAGCTCAAGGCGCGCTTCGAGAACGCCGACGGCAAGCTGTTCCCCAACCAGTTCGTCAACGTGCGCCTGCTGGCGCAGACCCTCAAAGGCGTGCTGACCATTCCGGCCAACGCCGTGCAGCGCGGCACCAACGGTATCTATGTCTACGTGGTCGGCGCCGACAACAAGGTCAGCCAGCGCAGCGTCGCCATCGGCACCAGCGAGAACGAGCGGGTGGTGGTGGAAAGCGGCCTGAAGGCCGGCGAGCAGGTGGTGGTGGAAGGCACCGACCGCCTGCGCGACGGTATGGAAGTGCGTGTCGCCGAGGCCTCCCCGCAGGTCCTCGAGGGCGAGCCGCAGAAACCGCAGACTGGCCGCCCCAGCGGCCTCCAGGGCGACTCGGTGGGTAGCGGGAGCGCTGAATGA", "fmax": "2855291", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2854010", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05916.1", "sequence": "MTPTTGKSKFRTLRPWLITALAFAAVIGLVMWLAAPASAPSSDGRPGRGGKPGAALPKANALTVGVARVEQGDLALHFNALGTVTAFNTVNVKPRVNGELVKVLFQEGQEVKAGDLLAVVDPRTYKAALAQAEGTLMQNQAQLKNAEIDLQRYKGLYAEDSIAKQTLDTQEAQVRQLQGTIRTNQGQVDDARLNLTFTEVRAPISGRLGLRQVDIGNLVTSGDTTPLVVITQVKPISVVFSLPQQQIGTVVEQMNGPGKLTVTALDRNQDKVLAEGTLTTLDNQIDTTTGTVKLKARFENADGKLFPNQFVNVRLLAQTLKGVLTIPANAVQRGTNGIYVYVVGADNKVSQRSVAIGTSENERVVVESGLKAGEQVVVEGTDRLRDGMEVRVAEASPQVLEGEPQKPQTGRPSGLQGDSVGSGSAE"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2718": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5204": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACCCGTCCCGCCCGTTCATCCTGCGGCCGGTCGCGACCACCCTGCTGATGGTGGCGATCCTGCTCTCGGGCCTGATCGCCTACCGCTTCCTGCCGATCTCGGCGTTGCCGGAAGTGGACTACCCGACCATCCAGGTGGTCACCCTGTACCCCGGCGCCAGCCCGGAGATCATGACCTCGTCGATCACCGCGCCGCTGGAGAACCAGCTCGGGCAGATTCCGGGGCTCAACGAGATGTCTTCCAGCAGTTCCGGCGGCGCCTCGGTGATCACCCTGCAATTCAGCCTGCAGAGCAACCTCGATGTCGCCGAGCAGGAAGTCCAGGCGGCGATCAACGCCGCGCAGAGCCTGCTGCCCAACGACCTGCCGAACCAGCCGGTGTTCAGCAAGGTGAATCCGGCGGACGCACCGATCCTGACCCTGGCGGTGATGTCCGACGGCATGCCGCTGCCGCAGATCCAGGACCTGGTGGATACCCGCCTGGCACAGAAGATCTCGCAGATCTCCGGGGTCGGCCTGGTCAGCATCAGCGGCGGCCAGCGCCCGGCGGTGCGGGTGCGCGCCAACCCGACGGCGCTGGCGGCGGCGGGGCTGAGCCTGGAGGACCTGCGCAGCACGGTGACCAGCAACAACCTCAACGGCCCCAAGGGCAGCTTCGACGGCCCGACCCGTGCCTCGACCCTGGACGCCAACGACCAGTTGCGCTCGGCCGACGCCTACCGCGACCTGATCATCGCCTACAAGAACGGCTCGCCGCTGCGCATCCGCGACGTCGCCAGCGTCGAGGACGACGCCGAGAACGTGCGCCTGGCCGCCTGGGCCAACAACCTGCCGGCGGTGGTGCTGAACATCCAGCGCCAGCCGGGGGCCAACGTGATCGAGGTGGTCGACCGGATCAAGGCGCTGCTGCCGCAGCTGCAATCGACCCTGCCGGGCAATCTCGACGTGCAGGTGCTGACCGACCGCACCACCACCATCCGCGCCTCGGTCAAGGACGTGCAGTTCGAGCTGGCGCTGGCGGTGGCGCTGGTGGTGATGGTCACCTTCCTGTTCCTGCGCAACGTCTACGCCACCCTGATTCCCAGCTTCGCCGTGCCGCTGTCGCTGATCGGTACCTTCGGCGTGATGTACCTGTCCGGCTTCTCGATCAACAACCTGACCCTGATGGCGCTGACCATCGCCACCGGCTTCGTGGTCGACGACGCGATCGTCATGGTGGAGAACATCGCCCGCTACCTGGAGCAGGGCGACTCGCCGCTGGAAGCGGCGCTCAAGGGCTCGAAGCAGATCGGCTTCACCATCATCTCGCTGACTTTCTCGCTGATCGCCGTGCTGATCCCGCTGCTGTTCATGGGCGACGTCGCCGGGCGGCTGTTCCGCGAGTTCGCCATCACCCTGGCGGTGGCGATCCTGATTTCCGGCTTCGTCTCCCTGACCCTTACGCCGATGCTCAGCGCCAAGCTGCTGCGCCACATCGACGAGGACCAGCAGGGCCGCTTCGCGCGCGCCGCGGGGCGGGTCATCGATGGCCTGATCGCACAGTACGCCAAGGCCCTGCGGGTGGTCCTGCGGCACCAGCCGCTGACCCTGCTGGTGGCCATCGCCACCCTGGCGCTGACCGCGCTACTCTACCTGGCCATGCCCAAGGGCTTCTTCCCGGTGCAGGACACCGGGGTGATCCAGGGCGTCGCCGAAGCGCCGCAGTCGATCTCCTTCCAGGCCATGTCCGAGCGCCAGCGCGCCCTTGCCGAGGTGGTGCTGAAGGACCCGGCGGTGGCCAGCCTGTCCTCCTACATCGGCGTCGACGGCAGCAACCCGACCCTCAACACCGGCCGCCTGCTGATCAACCTCAAGCCGCACAGCGAGCGCGACGTCACCGCCAGCGAAGTGATCCAGCGCCTGCAGCCCGAACTCGACCACCTGCCCGGGATCAAGCTGTACATGCAGCCGGTGCAGGACCTGACCATCGAGGACCGGGTCGCCCGCACCCAGTACCAGTTCACCTTGCAGGACGCCGACCCGGACGTGCTCGCCGAGTGGGTGCCGAAGCTGGTGGCGCGGCTGCAGGAGTTGCCGCAGCTCGCCGACGTCGCCAGCGACTGGCAGGACAAGGGCTTGCAGGCCTACCTGAACATCGACCGCGACACCGCCTCGCGCCTCGGCGTGAAGCTCTCCGACATCGACAGCGTGCTCTACAACGCCTTCGGCCAGCGGCTGATCTCGACCATCTTCACCCAGGCCACCCAGTACCGCGTGGTGCTGGAGGTGGCGCCGCAGTTCCAGCTCGGCCCGCAGGCCCTGGAGCAGCTCTACGTGCCGTCCAGCGACGGCACCCAGGTGCGCCTGTCGAGCCTGGCGAAGGTGGAGGAGCGGCATACCCTGCTGGCGATCAACCATATCGCCCAGTTCCCCTCGGCGACCCTGTCGTTCAACCTGGCCAAGGGTTACTCCCTGGGCGAGGCGGTCGAGGCGATCCGTGGCGTCGAGGCCAGCCTGGAGCTGCCGCTGAGCATGCAGGGCAGCTTCCGCGGCGCGGCGCTGGCCTTCGAGGCCTCGCTGTCGAACACGCTGCTGCTGATCCTCGCCTCGGTGGTGACCATGTACATCGTCCTGGGCATCCTCTACGAGAGCTTCATCCATCCGGTGACCATCCTCTCGACCCTGCCCTCGGCCGGGGTCGGCGCGCTGCTGGCGCTGATGCTGGCGGGGCAGGAGATCGGCATCGTGGCGATCATCGGCATCATCCTGCTGATCGGCATCGTCAAGAAGAACGCGATCATGATGATCGATTTCGCCCTCGACGCCGAGCGCAACGAAGGCAAGCCGCCCCATGAGGCGATCTACCAGGCCTGCCTGCTGCGCTTCCGGCCGATCCTGATGACCACCATGGCCGCGCTGCTCGGCGCGCTGCCGCTGATGCTCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCCGAGCTGCGCCAGCCGCTGGGCATCACCATGGTCGGTGGCCTGCTGCTGAGCCAGGTCCTGACCCTGTTCACCACCCCGGTGATCTATCTCTACTTCGACCGCCTGGCCCGTCGCTGGGCGGCCTGGCGCAAGCAGCGCGGGCTGGACCTGAACACCGAGGCCGGGTTCGACGGGGACGCCGGGCGATGA", "fmax": "2854014", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2850882", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05915.1", "sequence": "MNPSRPFILRPVATTLLMVAILLSGLIAYRFLPISALPEVDYPTIQVVTLYPGASPEIMTSSITAPLENQLGQIPGLNEMSSSSSGGASVITLQFSLQSNLDVAEQEVQAAINAAQSLLPNDLPNQPVFSKVNPADAPILTLAVMSDGMPLPQIQDLVDTRLAQKISQISGVGLVSISGGQRPAVRVRANPTALAAAGLSLEDLRSTVTSNNLNGPKGSFDGPTRASTLDANDQLRSADAYRDLIIAYKNGSPLRIRDVASVEDDAENVRLAAWANNLPAVVLNIQRQPGANVIEVVDRIKALLPQLQSTLPGNLDVQVLTDRTTTIRASVKDVQFELALAVALVVMVTFLFLRNVYATLIPSFAVPLSLIGTFGVMYLSGFSINNLTLMALTIATGFVVDDAIVMVENIARYLEQGDSPLEAALKGSKQIGFTIISLTFSLIAVLIPLLFMGDVAGRLFREFAITLAVAILISGFVSLTLTPMLSAKLLRHIDEDQQGRFARAAGRVIDGLIAQYAKALRVVLRHQPLTLLVAIATLALTALLYLAMPKGFFPVQDTGVIQGVAEAPQSISFQAMSERQRALAEVVLKDPAVASLSSYIGVDGSNPTLNTGRLLINLKPHSERDVTASEVIQRLQPELDHLPGIKLYMQPVQDLTIEDRVARTQYQFTLQDADPDVLAEWVPKLVARLQELPQLADVASDWQDKGLQAYLNIDRDTASRLGVKLSDIDSVLYNAFGQRLISTIFTQATQYRVVLEVAPQFQLGPQALEQLYVPSSDGTQVRLSSLAKVEERHTLLAINHIAQFPSATLSFNLAKGYSLGEAVEAIRGVEASLELPLSMQGSFRGAALAFEASLSNTLLLILASVVTMYIVLGILYESFIHPVTILSTLPSAGVGALLALMLAGQEIGIVAIIGIILLIGIVKKNAIMMIDFALDAERNEGKPPHEAIYQACLLRFRPILMTTMAALLGALPLMLAGGAGAELRQPLGITMVGGLLLSQVLTLFTTPVIYLYFDRLARRWAAWRKQRGLDLNTEAGFDGDAGR"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2656": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2655": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5488": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACCAACTATCTCTACCTCGCCATCGCCATCGCCGCCGAAGTGGTCGCCACCACCTCGCTGAAAGCCGTCGCCGGATTCAGCAAGCCACTGCCGCTGCTGCTGGTGGTGGGCGGCTACGTGCTCGCCTTCAGCATGCTCGTGCTGGTCATGCGCACCCTGCCGGTCGGCGTGGTCTACGCCATCTGGTCCGGACTCGGCATCGTCCTGGTCAGCCTGGTGGCGATGTTCGTCTACGGCCAGCGCCTGGACCCCGCCGCCCTCCTCGGCATCGGCCTGATCATCGCCGGCGTGCTGGTGATCCAGTTGTTCTCCCGCGCTTCGGGGCACTGA", "fmax": "5606435", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "5606102", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG08375.1", "sequence": "MTNYLYLAIAIAAEVVATTSLKAVAGFSKPLPLLLVVGGYVLAFSMLVLVMRTLPVGVVYAIWSGLGIVLVSLVAMFVYGQRLDPAALLGIGLIIAGVLVIQLFSRASGH"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}}}}, "2223": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5526": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGGCCAGGAAAACCAAAGAGGAATCCCAGAAAACCCGCGACGGCATACTCGATGCCGCCGAGCGGGTTTTCCTGGAAAAGGGCGTGGGCACCACTGCCATGGCCGACCTGGCGGACGCCGCCGGGGTTTCTCGCGGTGCGGTCTACGGCCACTACAAGAACAAGATCGAGGTCTGCCTGGCGATGTGCGACCGCGCCTTCGGCCAGATCGAGGTACCCGACGAAAACGCCAGGGTGCCGGCGCTGGATATCCTCCTGCGCGCCGGCATGGGCTTTCTCCGCCAGTGCTGCGAGCCCGGTTCGGTGCAGCGGGTGCTGGAGATCCTCTACCTCAAGTGCGAACGCAGCGACGAGAACGAGCCGCTGTTGCGCCGCCGCGAGCTGCTCGAGAAGCAGGGGCAACGCTTCGGCCTCCGGCAGATCCGCCGGGCGGTGGAACGCGGCGAACTGCCGGCGCGGCTGGACGTCGAGCTGGCCAGCATCTATCTGCAATCGCTCTGGGACGGCATCTGCGGCACCCTGGCCTGGACCGAGCGCCTGCGCGACGATCCCTGGAACCGCGCCGAACGCATGTTCCGCGCCGGCCTCGACAGCCTGCGCAGTTCTCCCTACCTGTTGCTGGCGGACGCCTGA", "fmax": "2213309", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2212676", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05408.1", "sequence": "MARKTKEESQKTRDGILDAAERVFLEKGVGTTAMADLADAAGVSRGAVYGHYKNKIEVCLAMCDRAFGQIEVPDENARVPALDILLRAGMGFLRQCCEPGSVQRVLEILYLKCERSDENEPLLRRRELLEKQGQRFGLRQIRRAVERGELPARLDVELASIYLQSLWDGICGTLAWTERLRDDPWNRAERMFRAGLDSLRSSPYLLLADA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}}}}, "138": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "27": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5230": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAATAATAATGTAACAGAAAAAGAATTATTTTATATTTTAGATTTATTTGAACACATGAAAGTAACTTATTGGTTAGATGGTGGCTGGGGGGTAGATGTATTAACTGGAAAACAACAAAGAGAACACAGAGATATAGATATAGATTTTGACGCTCAACACACTCAAAAAGTTATACAAAAATTAGAAGATATAGGATACAAAATAGAAGTTCATTGGATGCCTTCACGTATGGAACTTAAGCATGAAGAATATGGGTATTTAGATATTCATCCTATAAATCTAAATGATGATGGATCAATTACCCAAGCAAACCCAGAAGGTGGTAATTATGTTTTCCAAAATGACTGGTTTTCAGAAACTAATTACAAAGATCGAAAAATACCATGTATTTCAAAAGAAGCTCAACTTCTTTTTCATTCTGGTTATGATTTAACAGAAACAGACCATTTTGATATAAAAAATTTAAAATCAATAACATAA", "fmax": "898", "accession": "M14039.1", "fmin": "412", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus haemolyticus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1283", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36827"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAA26652.1", "sequence": "MKNNNVTEKELFYILDLFEHMKVTYWLDGGWGVDVLTGKQQREHRDIDIDFDAQHTQKVIQKLEDIGYKIEVHWMPSRMELKHEEYGYLDIHPINLNDDGSITQANPEGGNYVFQNDWFSETNYKDRKIPCISKEAQLLFHSGYDLTETDHFDIKNLKSIT"}}}}}}}, "1835": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "29": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5412": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAACTCTTTGCCCAGGGTACTTCACTGGACCTTAGCCATCCTCACGTAATGGGGATCCTCAACGTCACGCCTGATTCCTTTTCGGATGGTGGCACGCATAACTCGCTGATAGATGCGGTGAAACATGCGAATCTGATGATCAACGCTGGCGCGACGATCATTGACGTTGGTGGCGAGTCCACGCGCCCAGGGGCGGCGGAAGTTAGCGTTGAAGAAGAGTTGCAACGTGTTATTCCTGTGGTTGAGGCAATTGCTCAACGCTTCGAAGTCTGGATCTCAGTCGATACATCCAAACCAGAAGTCATCCGTGAGTCAGCGAAAGTTGGCGCTCACATTATTAATGATATCCGCTCCCTTTCCGAACCTGGCGCTCTGGAGGCGGCTGCAGAAACCGGTTTACCGGTTTGTCTGATGCATATGCAGGGAAATCCAAAAACCATGCAGGAAGCTCCGAAGTATGACGATGTCTTTGCAGAAGTGAATCGCTACTTTATTGAGCAAATAGCACGTTGCGAGCAGGCGGGTATCGCAAAAGAGAAATTGTTGCTCGACCCCGGATTCGGTTTCGGTAAAAATCTCTCCCATAACTATTCATTACTGGCGCGCCTGGCTGAATTTCACCATTTCAACCTGCCGCTGTTGGTGGGTATGTCACGAAAATCGATGATTGGGCAGCTGCTGAACGTGGGGCCGTCCGAGCGCCTGAGCGGTAGTCTGGCCTGTGCGGTCATTGCCGCAATGCAAGGCGCGCACATCATTCGTGTTCATGACGTCAAAGAAACCGTAGAAGCGATGCGGGTGGTGGAAGCCACTCTGTCTGCAAAGGAAAACAAACGCTATGAGTAA", "fmax": "3324911", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "3324062", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC76209.2", "sequence": "MKLFAQGTSLDLSHPHVMGILNVTPDSFSDGGTHNSLIDAVKHANLMINAGATIIDVGGESTRPGAAEVSVEEELQRVIPVVEAIAQRFEVWISVDTSKPEVIRESAKVGAHIINDIRSLSEPGALEAAAETGLPVCLMHMQGNPKTMQEAPKYDDVFAEVNRYFIEQIARCEQAGIAKEKLLLDPGFGFGKNLSHNYSLLARLAEFHHFNLPLLVGMSRKSMIGQLLNVGPSERLSGSLACAVIAAMQGAHIIRVHDVKETVEAMRVVEATLSAKENKRYE"}}}}}}}, "2406": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5267": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCAAACCAAAAAATCCGTATCCGCCTGAAAGCTTATGATTACGCCCTGATTGACCGTTCTGCACAAGAAATCGTTGAAACTGCAAAACGTACCGGTGCTGTTGTAAAAGGCCCGATTCCTTTGCCGACCAAAATCGAGCGTTTCAACATTTTGCGTTCTCCGCACGTGAACAAAACTTCCCGTGAACAATTGGAAATCCGCACCCATTTGCGCCTGATGGACATCGTGGATTGGACCGATAAAACTACCGATGCGCTGATGAAGCTGGATTTGCCGGCCGGTGTTGATGTAGAAATTAAAGTCCAATAA", "fmax": "1807670", "accession": "AE004969.1", "fmin": "1807358", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "242231", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40638"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAW90462.1", "sequence": "MANQKIRIRLKAYDYALIDRSAQEIVETAKRTGAVVKGPIPLPTKIERFNILRSPHVNKTSREQLEIRTHLRLMDIVDWTDKTTDALMKLDLPAGVDVEIKVQ"}}}}}}}, "2155": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Tetracycline binds tightly to the helix 34 domain in 16S rRNA, where it interferes sterically with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome A site to block protein synthesis. Mutations in the nucleotide sequence in this domain for Cutibacterium acnes can result in resistance against tetracycline.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3259": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Cutibacterium acnes"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}, "model_name": "Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline", "ARO_name": "Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline"}}, "2404": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5269": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACCGACGCAACCATCCGCCACGACCACAAATTCGCCCTCGAAACCCTGCCCGTCAGCCTTGAAGACGAAATGCGCAAAAGCTATCTCGACTACGCCATGAGCGTCATTGTCGGGCGCGCGCTGCCGGACGTTCGCGACGGCCTAAAGCCGGTGCACCGGCGCGTACTGTACGCGATGCACGAGCTGAAAAATAACTGGAATGCCGCCTACAAAAAATCGGCGCGCATCGTCGGCGACGTCATCGGTAAATACCACCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTTTACGACACCATCGTCCGTATGGCGCAAAATTTCGCTATGCGTTATGTGCTGATAGACGGACAGGGCAACTTCGGATCGGTGGACGGGCTTGCCGCCGCAGCCATGCGCTATACCGAAATCCGCATGGCGAAAATCTCACATGAAATGCTGGCAGACATTGAGGAAGAAACCGTTAATTTCGGCCCGAACTACGACGGTAGCGAACACGAGCCGCTTGTACTGCCGACCCGTTTCCCCACACTGCTCGTCAACGGCTCGTCCGGTATCGCCGTCGGTATGGCGACCAACATCCCGCCGCACAACCTCACCGACACCATCAACGCCTGTCTGCGTCTTTTGGACGAACCCAAAACCGAAATCGACGAACTGATCGACATTATCCAAGCCCCCGACTTCCCGACCGGGGCAACCATCTACGGCTTGGGCGGCGTGCGCGAAGGCTATAAAACAGGCCGCGGCCGCGTCGTTATACGCGGTAAGACCCATATCGAACCCATAGGCAAAAACGGCGAACGCGAAGCCATCGTTATCGACGAAATCCCCTATCAGGTCAACAAAGCCAAGTTGGTCGAGAAAATCGGCGATTTGGTTCGGGAAAAAACGCTGGAAGGCATTTCCGAGCTCCGCGACGAATCCGACAAATCCGGGATGCGCGTCGTTATCGAGCTGAAACGCAACGAAAATGCCGAAGTCGTCTTAAACCAACTCTACAAACTGACTCCGCTGCAAGACAGTTTCGGCATCAATATGGTTGTTTTGGTCGACGGACAACCGCGCCTGTTAAACCTGAAACAGATTCTCTCCGAATTCCTGCGCCACCGCCGCGAAGTCGTTACCCGACGTACGCTTTTCCGGCTGAAGAAGGCACGCCATGAAGGGCATATCGCCGAAGGCAAAGCCGTCGCACTGTCCAATATCGATGAAATCATCAAGCTCATCAAAGAATCGCCCAACGCGGCCGAGGCCAAAGAAAAACTGCTTGCGCGCCCTTGGCGCAGCAGCCTCGTTGAAGAAATGCTGACGCGTTCCGGTCTGGATTTGGAAATGATGCGTCCGGAAGGATTGGCTGCAAACATTGGTCTGAAAAAACAAGGTTATTACCTGAGCGAGATTCAGGCAGATGCTATTTTACGCATGAGCCTGCGAAACCTGACCGGCCTCGATCAGAAAGAAATTATCGAAAGCTACAAAAACCTGATGGGTAAAATCATCGACTTTGTGGATATCCTCTCCAAACCCGAACGCATTACCCAAATCATCCGTGACGAACTGGAAGAAATCAAAACCAACTATGGCGACGAACGCCGCAGCGAAATCAACCCGTTCGGCGGCGACATTGCCGATGAAGACCTGATTCCGCAACGCGAAATGGTCGTGACCCTGACCCACGGCGGCTATATAAAAACCCAGCCGACCACCGACTATCAGGCTCAGCGTCGCGGCGGGCGCGGCAAACAGGCGGCTGCCACCAAAGACGAAGACTTTATCGAAACCCTGTTTGTTGCCAACACGCATGACTATTTGATGTGTTTTACCAACCTCGGCAAGTGCCACTGGATTAAGGTTTACAAACTGCCCGAAGGCGGACGCAACAGCCGCGGCCGTCCGATTAACAACGTCATCCAGCTGGAAGAAGGCGAAAAAGTCAGCGCGATTCTGGCAGTACGCGAGTTTCCCGAAGACCAATACGTCTTCTTCGCCACCGCGCAGGGAATGGTGAAAAAAGTCCAACTTTCCGCCTTTAAAAACGTCCGCGCCCAAGGCATTAAAGCCATCGCACTCAAAGAAGGCGACTACCTCGTCGGCGCTGCGCAAACAGGCGGTGCGGACGACATTATGTTGTTCTCCAACTTGGGCAAAGCCATCCGCTTCAACGAATACTGGGAAAAATCCGGCAACGACGAAGCGGAAGATGCCGACATCGAAACCGAGATTTCAGACGACCTCGAAGACGAAACCGCCGACAACGAAAACACCCTGCCAAGCGGCAAAAACGGCGTGCGTCCGTCCGGTCGCGGCAGCGGCGGTTTGCGCGGTATGCGCCTGCCTGCCGACGGCAAAATCGTCAGCCTGATTACCTTCGCCCCTGAAACCGAAGAAAGCGGTTTGCAAGTTTTAACCGCCACCGCCAACGGATACGGAAAACGCACCCCGATTGCCGATTACAGCCGCAAAAACAAAGGCGGGCAAGGCAGTATTGCCATTAACACCGGCGAGCGCAACGGCGATTTGGTCGCCGCAACCTTGGTCGGCGAAACCGACGATTTGATGCTGATTACCAGCGGCGGCGTGCTTATCCGTACCAAAGTCGAACAAATCCGCGAAACCGGCCGCGCCGCAGCAGGCGTGAAACTGATTAACTTGGACGAAGGCGAAACCTTGGTATCGCTGGAACGTGTTGCCGAAGACGAATCCGAACTCTCCGGCGCTTCTGTAATTTCCAATGTAACCGAACCGGAAGCCGAGAACTGA", "fmax": "621189", "accession": "AE004969.1", "fmin": "618438", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "242231", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40638"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAW89357.1", "sequence": "MTDATIRHDHKFALETLPVSLEDEMRKSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMHELKNNWNAAYKKSARIVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQNFAMRYVLIDGQGNFGSVDGLAAAAMRYTEIRMAKISHEMLADIEEETVNFGPNYDGSEHEPLVLPTRFPTLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTDTINACLRLLDEPKTEIDELIDIIQAPDFPTGATIYGLGGVREGYKTGRGRVVIRGKTHIEPIGKNGEREAIVIDEIPYQVNKAKLVEKIGDLVREKTLEGISELRDESDKSGMRVVIELKRNENAEVVLNQLYKLTPLQDSFGINMVVLVDGQPRLLNLKQILSEFLRHRREVVTRRTLFRLKKARHEGHIAEGKAVALSNIDEIIKLIKESPNAAEAKEKLLARPWRSSLVEEMLTRSGLDLEMMRPEGLAANIGLKKQGYYLSEIQADAILRMSLRNLTGLDQKEIIESYKNLMGKIIDFVDILSKPERITQIIRDELEEIKTNYGDERRSEINPFGGDIADEDLIPQREMVVTLTHGGYIKTQPTTDYQAQRRGGRGKQAAATKDEDFIETLFVANTHDYLMCFTNLGKCHWIKVYKLPEGGRNSRGRPINNVIQLEEGEKVSAILAVREFPEDQYVFFATAQGMVKKVQLSAFKNVRAQGIKAIALKEGDYLVGAAQTGGADDIMLFSNLGKAIRFNEYWEKSGNDEAEDADIETEISDDLEDETADNENTLPSGKNGVRPSGRGSGGLRGMRLPADGKIVSLITFAPETEESGLQVLTATANGYGKRTPIADYSRKNKGGQGSIAINTGERNGDLVAATLVGETDDLMLITSGGVLIRTKVEQIRETGRAAAGVKLINLDEGETLVSLERVAEDESELSGASVISNVTEPEAEN"}}}}}}}, "2405": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5461": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAATACGCAACCGCACGCTTCCCATACCGATTCCAACACGCTGATGCTCGGCCGATACGCCGAACGCGCCTATCTCGAATACGCCATGAGCGTGGTCAAAGGCCGCGCGCTGCCTGAAGTTTCAGACGGCCAAAAGCCCGTGCAGCGGCGCATTTTGTTTGCCATGCGCGATATGGGTTTGACGGCGGGGGCGAAGCCGGTGAAATCGGCGCGCGTGGTCGGCGAGATTTTGGGTAAATACCATCCGCACGGCGACAGTTCCGCCTATGAGGCGATGGTGCGCATGGCTCAGGATTTTACCTTGCGCTACCCCTTAATCGACGGCATCGGCAACTTCGGTTCGCGCGACGGCGACGGGGCGGCGGCGATGCGTTACACCGAAGCGCGGCTGACGCCGATTGCGGAATTGCTGTTGTCCGAAATCAATCAGGGGACGGTGGATTTTATGCCGAACTACGACGGCGCGTTTGACGAGCCGCTGCACCTTCCCGCCCGCTTGCCTATGGTGTTGCTCAACGGCGCGTCGGGCATCGCGGTGGGTATGGCGACCGAGATTCCGTCGCACAATTTGAACGAAGTCACGCAGGCGGCGATTGCACTGTTGAAGAAACCGACGCTGGAAACCGCCGACCTGATGCAATATATTCCTGCTCCCGATTTTGCCGGCGGCGGTCAAATCATCACGCCGGCGGACGAATTGCGCCGTATTTACGAAACCGGCAAGGGCAGCGTGCGCGTGCGTGCGCGTTATGAAATCGAGAAATTGGCGCGCGGACAGTGGCGCGTCATCGTAACCGAACTGCCGCCGAACGCCAACTCCGCCAAAATCCTTGCCGAAATCGAAGAGCAAACCAACCCGAAACCGAAAGCGGGTAAAAAGCAGCTCAACCAAGACCGGCTCAATACCAAAAAGCTGATGCTGGATTTAATCGACCGCGTGCGCGACGAGTCCGACGGCGAACATCCCGTGCGCCTTGTATTTGAACCGAAATCCAGCCGCATCGATACCGATACCTTCATCAACACGCTGATGGCGCAAACTTCGCTGGAAGGCAATGTGTCCATGAACTTGGTGATGATGGGTTTGGACAACCGCCCCGCGCAGAAAAACCTGAAAACGATTTTGCAGGAATGGCTGGATTTCCGCGTCGTTACCGTAACACGCCGTCTGAAATTCCGTTTAAACCAAGTGGAAAAACGGCTGCACATCCTCGAAGGCCGTCTGAAAGTCTTTCTGCACATCGACGAAGTGATTAAAGTCATCCGCGAATCGGACGACCCGAAAGCCGATTTGATGGCGGTGTTCGGGCTGACCGAAATCCAAGCCGAAGACATTTTGGAAATCCGCCTGCGTCAGCTGGCGCGTTTGGAAGGTTTCAAACTCGAAAAAGAATTGAACGAATTGCGCGAAGAACAAGGCCGTCTGAATATCTTTTTGGGCGACGAAAACGAAAAACGCAAGCTGATTATCAAAGAGATGCAGGCGGACATGAAGCAGTTCGGCGACGCGCGCCGCACGCTGGTGGAAGAGGCCGGACGCGCCGTGCTGACACAAACCGCCGCCGACGAACCCATCACGCTGATTTTGTCGGAAAAAGGCTGGATACGCAGCCGTGCCGGACATAATCTCGATTTGAGCCAAACCGCGTTCAAAGAAGGCGACCGCCTCAAACAAACCCTTGAAGGCCGCACTGTTTTACCCGTCGTCATCCTCGATTCATCGGGCAGAACCTACTCGATCGATGCCGCCGAAATCCCCGGCGGACGCGGCGACGGCGTACCGGTTTCCTCCTTAATCGAGTTGCAAAACGGCGCGAAACCCGTCGCGATGTTGACAGGATTGCCGGAACAACATTATTTATTATCAAGCAGCGGCGGCTACGGCTTTATCGCCAAGCTGGGCGATATGGTCGGACGCGTGAAAGCGGGCAAAGTGGTGATGACCGCAGACAGCGGCGAAACCGTCCTGCCGCCGGTTGCCGTCTATGCCTCCTCGTTCATCAACCCCGACTGCAAAATCATTGCAGCCACCAGTCAAAACCGCGCCCTCGCCTTCCCCATCGGCGAATTGAAAATTATGGCGAAAGGCAAAGGACTGCAAATCATCGGATTAAACGCCGGCGAATCGATGACGCATACCGCCGTTTCTTCCGAGCCGGAAATCCTGATTGAAAGCGAAGGCAGGCGCGGCGCGGCGCACAAAGACCGCCTCCCCGTCGCCCTGATTGAGGCAAAACGCGGCAAAAAAGGCAGACTGTTGCCCATATCGGGCAGCCTGAAACAGCTTTCTTCCCCCAAATAA", "fmax": "1212827", "accession": "AE004969.1", "fmin": "1210523", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "242231", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40638"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAW89918.1", "sequence": "MNTQPHASHTDSNTLMLGRYAERAYLEYAMSVVKGRALPEVSDGQKPVQRRILFAMRDMGLTAGAKPVKSARVVGEILGKYHPHGDSSAYEAMVRMAQDFTLRYPLIDGIGNFGSRDGDGAAAMRYTEARLTPIAELLLSEINQGTVDFMPNYDGAFDEPLHLPARLPMVLLNGASGIAVGMATEIPSHNLNEVTQAAIALLKKPTLETADLMQYIPAPDFAGGGQIITPADELRRIYETGKGSVRVRARYEIEKLARGQWRVIVTELPPNANSAKILAEIEEQTNPKPKAGKKQLNQDRLNTKKLMLDLIDRVRDESDGEHPVRLVFEPKSSRIDTDTFINTLMAQTSLEGNVSMNLVMMGLDNRPAQKNLKTILQEWLDFRVVTVTRRLKFRLNQVEKRLHILEGRLKVFLHIDEVIKVIRESDDPKADLMAVFGLTEIQAEDILEIRLRQLARLEGFKLEKELNELREEQGRLNIFLGDENEKRKLIIKEMQADMKQFGDARRTLVEEAGRAVLTQTAADEPITLILSEKGWIRSRAGHNLDLSQTAFKEGDRLKQTLEGRTVLPVVILDSSGRTYSIDAAEIPGGRGDGVPVSSLIELQNGAKPVAMLTGLPEQHYLLSSSGGYGFIAKLGDMVGRVKAGKVVMTADSGETVLPPVAVYASSFINPDCKIIAATSQNRALAFPIGELKIMAKGKGLQIIGLNAGESMTHTAVSSEPEILIESEGRRGAAHKDRLPVALIEAKRGKKGRLLPISGSLKQLSSPK"}}}}}}}, "2403": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5271": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCGACCTTGCGAGAGAAATTACACCGGTCAACATTGAGGAGGAGCTGAAGAGCTCCTATCTGGATTATGCGATGTCGGTCATTGTTGGCCGTGCGCTGCCGGATGTCCGAGATGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACACCGTCGCGTACTTTACGCCATGAACGTATTGGGCAATGACTGGAACAAAGCCTATAAAAAATCTGCCCGTGTCGTTGGTGACGTAATCGGTAAATACCATCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTGTATGACACCATCGTTCGTATGGCGCAGCCATTCTCGCTGCGTTACATGCTGGTGGATGGTCAGGGTAACTTCGGTTCTATTGACGGCGACTCCGCGGCGGCAATGCGTTATACGGAGATCCGTCTGGCGAAAATCGCCCACGAACTGATGGCCGATCTCGAAAAAGAGACGGTGGATTTCGTGGATAACTATGACGGTACGGAAAAAATTCCGGACGTCATGCCGACCAAAATTCCGAATCTGCTGGTGAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATCGCAGTAGGTATGGCGACGAATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGACGGAAGTGATTAACGGCTGCCTGGCGTATATCGACAACGAAGACATCAGCATTGAAGGGCTGATGGAACATATTCCGGGGCCGGACTTCCCGACCGCCGCGATCATCAACGGTCGTCGTGGTATCGAAGAAGCCTACCGCACCGGTCGTGGCAAAGTGTACATTCGCGCCCGCGCGGAAGTTGAAGCTGACGCCAAAACGGGCCGTGAAACCATCATCGTCCATGAAATTCCCTATCAGGTGAACAAAGCGCGCCTGATCGAGAAAATCGCCGAGCTGGTGAAAGATAAACGCGTGGAAGGCATCAGCGCGCTGCGTGACGAATCCGACAAAGACGGGATGCGCATCGTGATTGAAGTGAAACGCGATGCGGTGGGCGAGGTGGTGCTTAATAATCTCTACTCCCAGACCCAGCTACAGGTTTCCTTCGGTATTAACATGGTGGCGCTGCATCACGGCCAGCCGAAGATCATGAACCTGAAAGATATCATTTCAGCGTTCGTGCGCCACCGCCGTGAAGTGGTGACGCGTCGGACTATTTTTGAACTGCGTAAAGCCCGTGACCGTGCGCATATCCTTGAAGCTCTGGCGATTGCGCTGGCCAACATCGACCCGATTATCGAACTGATTCGCCGCGCGCCAACGCCGGCGGAAGCAAAAGCGGCGCTGATTTCGCGTCCGTGGGATCTGGGCAACGTTGCTGCGATGCTGGAGCGCGCTGGTGATGACGCCGCGCGTCCGGAATGGCTGGAGCCAGAATTTGGCGTGCGTGACGGTCAGTACTACCTGACTGAACAGCAGGCGCAGGCGATTCTGGATCTGCGTTTGCAGAAACTGACCGGCCTGGAGCATGAAAAACTGCTCGACGAATACAAAGAGCTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGAATTGCTGCACATTCTGGGCAGCGCCGATCGCCTGATGGAAGTGATCCGCGAAGAGATGGAGTTAATTCGCGATCAGTTCGGCGATGAGCGTCGTACCGAAATCACCGCCAACAGCGCCGATATTAATATCGAAGATCTGATTAGCCAGGAAGATGTTGTCGTGACGCTGTCTCACCAGGGTTACGTCAAATATCAACCGCTGACAGATTACGAAGCGCAACGTCGTGGTGGGAAAGGTAAATCTGCCGCGCGTATTAAAGAAGAAGACTTTATCGACCGCCTGCTGGTGGCTAACACCCATGACACCATCCTCTGCTTCTCCAGCCGGGGCCGTCTGTACTGGATGAAGGTCTATCAGCTGCCGGAAGCCAGCCGCGGCGCGCGCGGTCGTCCGATCGTCAACCTGCTGCCGCTGGAAGCCAACGAACGTATCACCGCGATTCTGCCGGTTCGTGAGTATGAAGAAGGCGTCAACGTCTTTATGGCGACCGCCAGCGGTACCGTGAAGAAAACGGCGCTGACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCGCGTTCCGCCGGTATTATCGCGGTGAACCTCAACGACGGCGACGAGCTGATTGGCGTTGACCTGACTTCTGGTTCTGACGAAGTCATGCTGTTCTCGGCCGCGGGTAAAGTGGTGCGCTTCAAAGAAGACGCCGTCCGTGCGATGGGGCGTACCGCGACCGGTGTGCGCGGTATTAAGCTGGCGGGAGACGATAAAGTCGTCTCTCTGATCATCCCACGCGGCGAAGGCGCTATTCTGACCGTAACGCAAAACGGCTACGGGAAGCGTACCGCAGCGGACGAGTACCCGACCAAGTCTCGTGCGACGCAGGGCGTTATCTCTATCAAAGTGACCGAGCGCAACGGTTCCGTTGTCGGTGCGGTACAGGTAGACGATTGCGACCAGATCATGATGATCACGGATGCCGGTACTCTGGTGCGTACCCGTGTGTCCGAGATCAGCGTAGTGGGACGTAATACCCAGGGCGTTATCCTTATCCGCACGGCGGAAGATGAAAACGTGGTGGGTCTGCAACGCGTTGCTGAACCGGTAGATGACGAAGAACTCGACGCTATCGACGGCAGCGTGGCGGAAGGGGATGAGGATATCGCCCCGGAAGCGGAAAGCGATGACGACGTTGCGGATGACGCTGACGAGTAA", "fmax": "2376346", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "2373709", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL21173.1", "sequence": "MSDLAREITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMNVLGNDWNKAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDSAAAMRYTEIRLAKIAHELMADLEKETVDFVDNYDGTEKIPDVMPTKIPNLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTEVINGCLAYIDNEDISIEGLMEHIPGPDFPTAAIINGRRGIEEAYRTGRGKVYIRARAEVEADAKTGRETIIVHEIPYQVNKARLIEKIAELVKDKRVEGISALRDESDKDGMRIVIEVKRDAVGEVVLNNLYSQTQLQVSFGINMVALHHGQPKIMNLKDIISAFVRHRREVVTRRTIFELRKARDRAHILEALAIALANIDPIIELIRRAPTPAEAKAALISRPWDLGNVAAMLERAGDDAARPEWLEPEFGVRDGQYYLTEQQAQAILDLRLQKLTGLEHEKLLDEYKELLEQIAELLHILGSADRLMEVIREEMELIRDQFGDERRTEITANSADINIEDLISQEDVVVTLSHQGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSAARIKEEDFIDRLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWMKVYQLPEASRGARGRPIVNLLPLEANERITAILPVREYEEGVNVFMATASGTVKKTALTEFSRPRSAGIIAVNLNDGDELIGVDLTSGSDEVMLFSAAGKVVRFKEDAVRAMGRTATGVRGIKLAGDDKVVSLIIPRGEGAILTVTQNGYGKRTAADEYPTKSRATQGVISIKVTERNGSVVGAVQVDDCDQIMMITDAGTLVRTRVSEISVVGRNTQGVILIRTAEDENVVGLQRVAEPVDDEELDAIDGSVAEGDEDIAPEAESDDDVADDADE"}}}}}}}, "2400": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5462": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGACTTTTCCCGCTTTTTTATCGACAGGCCGATTTTCGCCGCGGTGCTGTCGATTTTAATTTTTATCACCGGGTTAATCGCTATCCCACTGCTGCCGGTGAGCGAATATCCGGATGTCGTCCCGCCGAGCGTCCAGGTGCGCGCGGAGTATCCCGGCGCCAACCCGAAAGTGATTGCCGAGACCGTGGCGACGCCGCTGGAGGAAGCGATCAACGGCGTTGAAAACATGATGTACATGAAATCGGTCGCCGGCTCCGACGGCGTGCTGGTCACCACCGTCACCTTCCGCCCGGGTACCGACCCGGATCAGGCGCAGGTTCAGGTGCAGAACCGCGTCGCGCAGGCCGAAGCGCGTCTGCCGGAGGATGTACGCCGTCTGGGGATCACCACCCAGAAGCAGTCTCCGACGCTGACCCTGGTGGTGCATCTGTTCTCCCCCGGCGGGAAGTACGACTCGCTGTATATGCGCAACTACGCCACGCTGAAAGTGAAGGATGAGCTGGCGCGCCTGCCCGGCGTCGGCCAGATCCAGATTTTTGGCTCCGGTGAATATGCGATGCGCGTCTGGCTGGATCCCAATAAGGTCGCTGCCCGCGGTCTGACGGCCTCGGATGTGGTGACGGCGATGCAGGAGCAAAACGTCCAGGTGTCTGCCGGACAGCTTGGCGCCGAGCCGCTGCCGCAGGAGAGCGATTTCCTGATCTCCATTAACGCCCAGGGCCGTCTGCATACCGAAGAAGAGTTTGGCAATATCATTCTGAAAACGGCGCAGGATGGCTCGCTGGTCCGCCTGCGCGACGTGGCGCGCATCGAGATGGGTTCCGGTAGCTATGCGCTGCGCTCCCAGCTCAACAATAAGGATGCGGTCGGGATCGGTATCTTCCAGTCACCCGGCGCTAACGCCATCGATCTGTCGAACGCGGTACGCGCCAAAATGGCCGAGCTGGCCACCCGCTTCCCGGAAGATATGCAATGGGCGGCGCCGTACGACCCGACGGTTTTCGTCCGCGACTCCATCCGCGCGGTGGTGCAGACGCTGCTGGAGGCGGTAGTGCTGGTGGTGCTGGTAGTGATCCTGTTCCTGCAGACCTGGCGCGCGTCGATTATCCCGTTGATCGCTGTGCCGGTATCGGTGGTGGGTACCTTCAGCATTCTCTATCTGCTGGGCTTCTCGCTGAATACCCTGAGCCTGTTCGGGCTGGTACTGGCTATCGGTATCGTGGTGGACGACGCCATCGTGGTGGTGGAGAACGTCGAGCGTAATATCGAAGAGGGGCTTGCGCCGCTTGCCGCGGCGCATCAGGCGATGCGTGAGGTCTCCGGGCCGATTATCGCCATTGCGCTGGTGCTGTGTGCGGTGTTCGTGCCGATGGCGTTTCTCTCCGGGGTCACCGGCCAGTTCTACAAACAGTTCGCGGTGACCATCGCCATCTCGACGGTGATCTCGGCCATCAACTCGCTGACGCTCTCCCCGGCGCTGGCGGCCCTGCTGTTAAAGCCGCACGGCGCGAAGAAAGACCTCCCTACCCGGCTGATCGATCGCCTGTTTGGCTGGATTTTCCGTCCGTTTAACCGCTTTTTCCTGCGCAGCTCGAACGGCTATCAGGGACTGGTAGGCAAAACGCTTGGACGCCGTGGCGCAGTGTTTGCGGTGTACCTGCTGCTGCTCTGCGCCGCTGGGGTGATGTTTAAAGTCGTCCCCGGCGGGTTTATTCCCACCCAGGATAAGCTGTATCTCATTGGCGGCGTGAAGATGCCGGAAGGGTCGTCGCTGGCGCGCACCGACGCGGTGATCCGCAAAATGAGCGAGATCGGGATGAATACCGAAGGGGTCGACTATGCGGTCGCTTTCCCGGGGCTTAACGCGCTGCAGTTCACCAACACGCCGAATACCGGGACGGTCTTTTTTGGCCTGAAACCGTTCGACCAGCGCAAACACACGGCGGCGGAAATTAACGCGGAGATCAACGCCAAAATCGCGCAAATCCAGCAGGGCTTTGGCTTTTCCATCCTGCCGCCGCCGATTTTAGGTCTGGGTCAGGGTTCCGGCTACTCCCTGTACATCCAGGATCGCGGAGGGCTGGGCTATGGCGCGCTGCAAAGCGCGGTGAATGCGATGTCCGGGGCGATTATGCAGACGCCGGGGATGCACTTCCCGATCTCGACTTACCAGGCTAACGTGCCGCAGCTGGACGTGCAGGTCGATCGCGATAAGGCGAAAGCGCAGGGGGTATCGCTAACCGATCTGTTCGGTACGCTGCAGACCTATCTCGGCTCGTCTTATGTCAATGACTTTAACCAGTTCGGGCGTACCTGGCGCGTGATGGCCCAGGCTGACGGACCATACCGCGAGAGCGTGGAAGATATCGCCAATCTGCGCACCCGCAATAATCAGGGCGAAATGGTACCGATCGGCAGTATGGTGAATATCAGTACCACCTACGGGCCGGATCCGGTGATCCGCTACAACGGTTATCCGGCGGCGGACCTGATTGGCGATGCCGATCCGCGGGTCCTCTCTTCTTCGCAGGCGATGACGCATCTGGAAGAGCTGTCGAAGCAGATCCTGCCGAATGGGATGAATATTGAGTGGACGGATCTCAGCTTCCAGCAGGCCACCCAGGGCAACACGGCGCTGATCGTCTTCCCGGTGGCGGTGCTGCTGGCATTCCTCGTACTGGCCGCGCTGTATGAAAGCTGGACCCTGCCGCTGGCGGTGATCCTTATCGTACCGATGACGATGCTCTCCGCGCTGTTTGGCGTCTGGCTGACCGGGGGCGATAACAACGTCTTCGTGCAGGTGGGTCTGGTGGTCCTGATGGGCCTGGCCTGTAAAAACGCCATTCTGATCGTCGAGTTTGCCCGCGAGCTGGAGATCCAGGGGAAAGGCATCATGGAAGCGGCGCTGGAGGCATGCCGCCTGCGTCTGCGCCCGATCGTGATGACCTCCATCGCCTTTATCGCCGGGACCATTCCGCTGATCCTCGGCCACGGCGCGGGGGCGGAAGTCCGCGGCGTCACCGGGATCACGGTGTTCTCCGGGATGCTGGGCGTGACGCTCTTCGGTCTGTTCCTGACGCCGGTGTTTTACGTGACGCTACGGAAACTGGTGACCCGCAGGAAGCCGGTCCAGGAGGATCTGCCCGCCTAG", "fmax": "51003", "accession": "EU370913.1", "fmin": "47850", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAP43110.2", "sequence": "MDFSRFFIDRPIFAAVLSILIFITGLIAIPLLPVSEYPDVVPPSVQVRAEYPGANPKVIAETVATPLEEAINGVENMMYMKSVAGSDGVLVTTVTFRPGTDPDQAQVQVQNRVAQAEARLPEDVRRLGITTQKQSPTLTLVVHLFSPGGKYDSLYMRNYATLKVKDELARLPGVGQIQIFGSGEYAMRVWLDPNKVAARGLTASDVVTAMQEQNVQVSAGQLGAEPLPQESDFLISINAQGRLHTEEEFGNIILKTAQDGSLVRLRDVARIEMGSGSYALRSQLNNKDAVGIGIFQSPGANAIDLSNAVRAKMAELATRFPEDMQWAAPYDPTVFVRDSIRAVVQTLLEAVVLVVLVVILFLQTWRASIIPLIAVPVSVVGTFSILYLLGFSLNTLSLFGLVLAIGIVVDDAIVVVENVERNIEEGLAPLAAAHQAMREVSGPIIAIALVLCAVFVPMAFLSGVTGQFYKQFAVTIAISTVISAINSLTLSPALAALLLKPHGAKKDLPTRLIDRLFGWIFRPFNRFFLRSSNGYQGLVGKTLGRRGAVFAVYLLLLCAAGVMFKVVPGGFIPTQDKLYLIGGVKMPEGSSLARTDAVIRKMSEIGMNTEGVDYAVAFPGLNALQFTNTPNTGTVFFGLKPFDQRKHTAAEINAEINAKIAQIQQGFGFSILPPPILGLGQGSGYSLYIQDRGGLGYGALQSAVNAMSGAIMQTPGMHFPISTYQANVPQLDVQVDRDKAKAQGVSLTDLFGTLQTYLGSSYVNDFNQFGRTWRVMAQADGPYRESVEDIANLRTRNNQGEMVPIGSMVNISTTYGPDPVIRYNGYPAADLIGDADPRVLSSSQAMTHLEELSKQILPNGMNIEWTDLSFQQATQGNTALIVFPVAVLLAFLVLAALYESWTLPLAVILIVPMTMLSALFGVWLTGGDNNVFVQVGLVVLMGLACKNAILIVEFARELEIQGKGIMEAALEACRLRLRPIVMTSIAFIAGTIPLILGHGAGAEVRGVTGITVFSGMLGVTLFGLFLTPVFYVTLRKLVTRRKPVQEDLPA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2401": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5463": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGGATTCAATCCATTCCTCTATTACCCCAGTCAATATTGAAGAAGAACTAAAATCTTCTTACCTTGACTACGCCATGTCGGTGATTGTTGGGCGTGCTTTGCCTGATGTGCGTGACGGTTTAAAACCGGTGCATCGACGTGTGCTTTTCTCCATGGATCAATCTGGCATCACTGCCGGCAAAAAATACGTAAAATCTGCCCGTGTGGTAGGTGATGTAATCGGTAAATATCACCCGCACGGTGATTCTGCAGTGTACGACACCATTGTGCGTATGGCACAGCCGTTCTCATTGCGCTACATGTTGGTAGATGGGCAAGGTAACTTCGGTTCAATCGACGGTGATGCGCCAGCGGCAATGCGTTATACCGAAGTCCGTATGCAAAAAATCACCCAAGCGTTATTAACTGACTTGGATAAAGAAACCGTAAATTTCTCGCCAAACTATGATGGCGAATTAATGATTCCGGATGTATTACCAACTCGTATTCCTGCACTTTTAGCAAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATTGCGGTGGGGATGGCAACCAACATTCCACCACACAACTTAAATGAAGTTTTAGATGGATGCTTGGCTTATATTGATAACGAAAACATCACCATTGATGAGTTAATGCAATATATCCCGGGCCCAGACTTCCCAACAGCGGCATTAATTAATGGCCGTAAAGGGATTGAAGAAGCTTATCGCACTGGTCGCGGCAAAGTGTATGTTCGCGCTCGCGCTAGCGTAGAAACCACAGATAAAGGCAAAGAGCAAATTATTGTGACCGAATTGCCTTATCAAGTGAACAAAGCCAAATTAGTGGAAAAAATTGCTGAGCTTATCAAAGATAAAAAAATCGAAGGCATCAGCAATATTATCGACCTTTCGAACAAAGAAGGGATTCGCATTGAAATTGACATCAAACGTGATGCCGTAGGCGAAGTAGTATTAAATCACCTCTATGCGCTTACCCAAATGCAGGTAACCTTCGGGATTAACATGGTGGCCTTGGATCACGGTCAACCACGTTTATTCAACTTAAAACAAATCATTGAAGCCTTTGTGATGCACCGTCGCGAAGTGGTGATTCGCCGTTCTTTATTTGAATTGCGTAAAGCCCGCGAGCGTACCCATATTTTAGAAGGTTTAGCGGTTGCAACATCAAATATCGATGAAATCATCGATATCATCCGTCAATCGAAAGAGCGTAAAGAAGCGGCAGAAAAATTAATCTCTCGCCCTTGGAAATTGAATAACGAAATTTTAGGTTTACTTGATGCAGCGGCACGTCCAGCTGAGTTAGCGGCTGAATTTGGTATTAAAGGTTCGGATTACTATCTTTCTCCAGAACAAGTTGATGCAATCTTAGAACTTCGCTTGCATCGTTTAACCGGTCTTGCTACCGAAGAAGTAATCAATGAATACAAAGAGTTATTGGTTAAAATTGCAGAACTTCTCCACATCATCAACAGCCCTGAGCGTTTGATGGAAGTGATTCGTGAAGAGCTTGAACAAGTACGCGCACAATTCGCGGATGAACGTCGTACCGAAATTACTGCGGCTTCTGGTGATATTGATTTAGAAGATTTAATTGCTCAAGAAGATGTGGTAGTGACCCTTTCTCACGAAGGTTATGTGAAATATCAACCGCTTACCGACTACGAAGCACAACGTCGTGGTGGTAAAGGTAAATCCGCAACGAAGATGAAAGATGAAGACTTCATTGAAAAACTCTTAGTAGCGAATACTCACGATACGATTCTCTGTTTCTCTAGCCGCGGTCGCTTATATTGGTTGAAAGTCTATCAATTACCACAAGCAAGCCGTGGTGCGCGTGGTCGTCCGATTGTGAATATTCTACCGTTGCAAGAAAACGAGCGTATCACCGCAATCTTGCCAATCTCTGCTTATGAAGAAGATAAATTCGTCATCATGGCAACGGCTGGTGGTATTGTGAAGAAAATTGCGCTAACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCACGTTCAAGCGGTATCATCGCCTTGAACTTACGTGATGAAGATGAATTAATCGGCGTGGATATCACCGATGGTTCTAACGAAATCATGTTGTTCTCTTCGCAAGGTCGCGTAGTACGTTTCGCTGAAAGTGCAGTGCGTGCAATGGGTCGTTTAGCAACAGGTGTACGCGGTATTAAACTCGCCCTAACCAACGACATCGCTGACGATGAAAGTGCGGTCGAAATTGAAGAGGTTTCCGATGATAATGCAGAAGAAACCCTCGATCTCAATATCGATAAAGTGGTTTCCTTAGTTGTGCCGAAAAATGACGGCGCAATCCTTACGGCGACGCAAAACGGTTACGGTAAACGCACACAATTAAGCGAATACCCAACCAAATCCCGTAATACCAAAGGGGTGATTTCGATTAAAGTGAGCGAACGTAACGGTAAAGTCGTTGCGGCGACACAAGTGGAAGAAACCGACCAAATTATGCTTATCACTGATGCGGGTACCTTAGTGCGTACTCGTGTAAGTGAAGTGAGCATCGTTGGCCGTAACACCCAAGGGGTTCGTTTAATTCGTACCGCAGAAGATGAGCACGTAGTCAGTCTTGAACGTGTTTGTGATGTGGATGATGAAGACGAAGGCACTGAAGATGTGACTTCTGAAGAATAA", "fmax": "1999166", "accession": "FQ312002.1", "fmin": "1996520", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "862965", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42651"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CBW16027.1", "sequence": "MTDSIHSSITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLFSMDQSGITAGKKYVKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDAPAAMRYTEVRMQKITQALLTDLDKETVNFSPNYDGELMIPDVLPTRIPALLANGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLNEVLDGCLAYIDNENITIDELMQYIPGPDFPTAALINGRKGIEEAYRTGRGKVYVRARASVETTDKGKEQIIVTELPYQVNKAKLVEKIAELIKDKKIEGISNIIDLSNKEGIRIEIDIKRDAVGEVVLNHLYALTQMQVTFGINMVALDHGQPRLFNLKQIIEAFVMHRREVVIRRSLFELRKARERTHILEGLAVATSNIDEIIDIIRQSKERKEAAEKLISRPWKLNNEILGLLDAAARPAELAAEFGIKGSDYYLSPEQVDAILELRLHRLTGLATEEVINEYKELLVKIAELLHIINSPERLMEVIREELEQVRAQFADERRTEITAASGDIDLEDLIAQEDVVVTLSHEGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSATKMKDEDFIEKLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWLKVYQLPQASRGARGRPIVNILPLQENERITAILPISAYEEDKFVIMATAGGIVKKIALTEFSRPRSSGIIALNLRDEDELIGVDITDGSNEIMLFSSQGRVVRFAESAVRAMGRLATGVRGIKLALTNDIADDESAVEIEEVSDDNAEETLDLNIDKVVSLVVPKNDGAILTATQNGYGKRTQLSEYPTKSRNTKGVISIKVSERNGKVVAATQVEETDQIMLITDAGTLVRTRVSEVSIVGRNTQGVRLIRTAEDEHVVSLERVCDVDDEDEGTEDVTSEE"}}}}}}}, "2745": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2013": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"357": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2409": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5467": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTGATTAAGAGCGAATATAAGCCTCGGATGCTGCCCAAAGAAGAGCAGGTCAAAAAGCCGATGACCAGTAACGGACGGATCAGCTTCGTCCTGATGGCAATAGCGGTCTTGTTTGCCGGTCTGATTGCTCGCGGACTGTATCTGCAGACGGTAACGTATAACTTTTTGAAAGAACAGGGCGACAACCGGATTGTGCGGACTCAAACATTGCCGGCTACACGCGGTACGGTTTCGGACCGGAACGGTGCGGTTTTGGCGTTGAGTGCGCCGACGGAGTCCCTGTTTGCCGTGCCTAAAGAGATGAAGGAAATGCCGTCTGCCGCACAATTGGAACGCCTGTCCGAGCTTGTCGATGTGCCGGTTGATGTTTTGAGGAACAAGCTCGAACAGAAAGGCAAGTCGTTTATCTGGATTAAGCGGCAGCTCGATCCCAAGGTTGCCGAAGAGGTCAAAGCCTTGGGTTTGGAAAACTTTGTATTTGAAAAAGAATTAAAACGCCATTACCCGATGGGCAACCTGTTTGCACACGTCATCGGATTTACCGATATTGACGGCAAAGGTCAGGAAGGTTTGGAACTTTCGCTTGAAGACAGCCTGCATGGCGAAGACGGCGCGGAAGTCGTTTTGCGGGACCGGCAGGGCAATATTGTGGACAGCTTGGACTCCCCGCGCAATAAAGCCCCGAAAAACGGCAAAGACATCATCCTTTCCCTCGATCAGAGGATTCAGACCTTGGCCTATGAAGAGTTGAACAAGGCGGTCGAATACCATCAGGCAAAAGCCGGAACGGTGGTGGTTTTGGATGCCCGCACGGGGGAAATCCTCGCCTTGGCCAATACGCCCGCCTACGATCCCAACAGGCCCGGCCGGGCAGACAGCGAACAGCGGCGCAACCGTGCCGTAACCGATATGATCGAACCCGGTTCGGCAATCAAACCGTTTGTGATTGCGAAGGCATTGGATGCGGGCAAAACCGATTTGAACGAACGGCTGAATACGCAGCCTTATAAAATCGGACCGTCTCCCGTGCGCGATACCCATGTTTACCCCTCTTTGGATGTGCGCGGCATCATGCAGAAATCGTCCAACGTCGGCACAAGCAAACTGTCTGCGCGTTTCGGTGCCGAAGAAATGTATGACTTCTATCATGAGTTGGGCATCGGTGTGCGTATGCACTCGGGCTTTCCGGGCGAAACTGCAGGTTTGTTGAGAAATTGGCGCAGGTGGCGGCCTATCGAACAGGCGACGATGTCTTTCGGTTACGGCCTGCAATTGAGCCTGCTGCAATTGGCGCGCGCCTATACCGCACTGACGCACGACGGCGTTTTACTGCCGGTCAGCTTTGAAAAACAGGCGGTTGCGCCGCAAGGCAAACGCATATTCAAAGAATCGACCGCGCGCGAGGTACGCAATCTGATGGTTTCCGTAACCGAGCCGGGCGGCACCGGTACGGCGGGTGCGGTGGACGGTTTCGATGTCGGCGCGAAAACCGGCACGGCGCGCAAGTTCGTCAACGGGCGTTATGCCGACAACAAACACATCGCTACCTTTATCGGTTTTGCCCCCGCCAAAAATCCCCGTGTGATTGTGGCGGTAACCATTGACGAACCGACTGCCCACGGTTATTACGGCGGCGTAGTGGCAGGGCCGCCCTTCAAAAAAATTATGGGCGGCAGCCTGAACATCTTGGGCATTTCCCCGACCAAGCCACTGACCGCCGCAGCCGTCAAAACACCGTCTTAA", "fmax": "421574", "accession": "AE002098.2", "fmin": "419828", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria meningitidis MC58", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "122586", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39597"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAF40852.1", "sequence": "MLIKSEYKPRMLPKEEQVKKPMTSNGRISFVLMAIAVLFAGLIARGLYLQTVTYNFLKEQGDNRIVRTQTLPATRGTVSDRNGAVLALSAPTESLFAVPKEMKEMPSAAQLERLSELVDVPVDVLRNKLEQKGKSFIWIKRQLDPKVAEEVKALGLENFVFEKELKRHYPMGNLFAHVIGFTDIDGKGQEGLELSLEDSLHGEDGAEVVLRDRQGNIVDSLDSPRNKAPKNGKDIILSLDQRIQTLAYEELNKAVEYHQAKAGTVVVLDARTGEILALANTPAYDPNRPGRADSEQRRNRAVTDMIEPGSAIKPFVIAKALDAGKTDLNERLNTQPYKIGPSPVRDTHVYPSLDVRGIMQKSSNVGTSKLSARFGAEEMYDFYHELGIGVRMHSGFPGETAGLLRNWRRWRPIEQATMSFGYGLQLSLLQLARAYTALTHDGVLLPVSFEKQAVAPQGKRIFKESTAREVRNLMVSVTEPGGTGTAGAVDGFDVGAKTGTARKFVNGRYADNKHIATFIGFAPAKNPRVIVAVTIDEPTAHGYYGGVVAGPPFKKIMGGSLNILGISPTKPLTAAAVKTPS"}}}}}}}, "2331": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5205": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGACAAACGTTCTGATTGTTGAAGATGAACAGGCTATTCGTCGCTTTCTGCGCACGGCGCTGGAGGGCGACGGGATGCGCGTCTTTGAGGCCGAAACGCTGCAACGCGGCTTGCTGGAAGCGGCAACCCGTAAGCCAGATTTGATTATTCTCGATCTCGGCCTGCCCGATGGTGATGGGATTGAGTTTATCCGCGACCTGCGCCAGTGGAGCGCGGTGCCGGTGATTGTGCTTTCCGCACGCAGCGAAGAGAGCGACAAAATCGCCGCGCTGGATGCCGGAGCGGATGATTATCTGAGTAAGCCGTTTGGCATTGGCGAATTGCAGGCCCGTCTGCGCGTCGCATTACGCCGCCACTCTGCCACCACCGCGCCCGATCCGCTGGTAAAATTTTCCGATGTTACCGTCGATTTAGCCGCCCGCGTGATTCACCGGGGTGAGGAAGAGGTGCATCTCACACCAATTGAGTTCCGCCTGCTGGCGGTGCTGCTCAACAATGCCGGAAAAGTACTCACCCAGCGCCAGCTCCTTAACCAGGTGTGGGGGCCAAACGCGGTCGAACACAGTCACTATTTGCGTATTTATATGGGACATCTGCGACAAAAACTGGAACAGGATCCCGCCCGCCCACGCCATTTCATTACTGAAACCGGTATTGGCTATCGGTTTATGCTTTGA", "fmax": "721733", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "721055", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC73788.1", "sequence": "MTNVLIVEDEQAIRRFLRTALEGDGMRVFEAETLQRGLLEAATRKPDLIILDLGLPDGDGIEFIRDLRQWSAVPVIVLSARSEESDKIAALDAGADDYLSKPFGIGELQARLRVALRRHSATTAPDPLVKFSDVTVDLAARVIHRGEEEVHLTPIEFRLLAVLLNNAGKVLTQRQLLNQVWGPNAVEHSHYLRIYMGHLRQKLEQDPARPRHFITETGIGYRFML"}}}}}}}, "1950": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "arr-1 is a chromosome-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"393": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis"}}}}}}}}}}, "2748": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "2881": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "372": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "375": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "820": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "377": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35949", "35968"], "$insert": {"36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}}}}}, "2903": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5409": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGTCAAAGAAAGCGACCGGTACCGACAAGCTGGACAGACGACACTTCAACGATCCCCACCGGACTGTACGGGCTATTGGTGCTGAGGCCGCGCGGAAAGGGCTACGGGTGTTCGACTGCCCCTACAGTCATCCTGCGATGCGGGCGTCCTGGTTGAAAGGGTTTGCCCAGGAGCAGCAACAGCAGCTCGATTTCTGA", "fmax": "119269", "accession": "HM560971.1", "fmin": "119071", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AEQ93536.1", "sequence": "MSKKATGTDKLDRRHFNDPHRTVRAIGAEAARKGLRVFDCPYSHPAMRASWLKGFAQEQQQQLDF"}}}}}}}, "2907": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}}, "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5366": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAGAGATCGTAACATTAACAAACGTTAGCTATGAAGTAAAGGATCAAACTGTTTTTAAACATGTAAACGCCAGTGTTCAGCAAGGAGATATCATTGGGATTATCGGCAAAAACGGCGCTGGGAAATCTACGTTGCTGCACCTCATTCACAATGACTTAGCCCCTGCACAGGGTCAAATCCTTCGGAAGGATATAAAACTGGCTTTGGTTGAACAGGAAACCGCGGCGTATTCCTTTGCGGATCAGACACCTGCCGAAAAGAAGTTACTGGAGAAATGGCATGTGCCTCTTCGTGATTTTCATCAGTTAAGCGGCGGTGAAAAACTGAAAGCGCGGCTGGCGAAAGGACTATCAGAGGATGCAGATCTGCTGCTGTTAGATGAACCGACAAACCACCTTGATGAAAAAAGCTTGCAATTTCTCATCCAACAGCTGAAACATTATAACGGCACTGTGATTCTCGTTTCTCACGATCGATATTTTTTAGACGAAGCCGCAACAAAAATATGGTCGCTTGAGGATCAGACGCTGATTGAATTCAAAGGGAATTACTCCGGGTATATGAAGTTCCGGGAGAAGAAAAGACTCACCCAGCAGCGTGAATATGAAAAGCAGCAAAAAATGGTTGAACGGATTGAAGCACAAATGAATGGGCTCGCTTCTTGGTCGGAAAAAGCCCATGCTCAATCGACGAAAAAGGAAGGGTTTAAAGAATATCACCGGGTAAAAGCGAAGCGTACGGATGCCCAGATAAAATCCAAGCAGAAGCGGCTTGAAAAAGAGCTTGAAAAAGCAAAGGCGGAACCCGTTACCCCAGAATATACAGTCCGCTTTTCAATCGATACAACCCACAAAACAGGAAAACGTTTTTTAGAAGTTCAGAATGTAACAAAAGCGTTTGGAGAAAGGACTCTCTTTAAAAACGCAAACTTTACAATTCAGCACGGCGAAAAGGTTGCGATCATAGGCCCCAATGGCAGCGGAAAAACGACATTACTGAACATCATTCTGGGACAGGAAACAGCAGAAGGAAGTGTATGGGTGTCGCCGTCCGCAAACATCGGCTATTTAACGCAGGAGGTGTTTGATTTGCCTTTAGAACAAACACCGGAAGAGTTATTTGAGAATGAAACATTCAAAGCAAGGGGGCACGTTCAAAATCTGATGAGGCACTTAGGTTTTACAGCCGCCCAATGGACTGAACCGATCAAGCATATGAGTATGGGTGAGCGTGTAAAGATCAAGCTGATGGCATATATTCTGGAGGAAAAAGACGTGCTGATTTTAGATGAGCCGACAAACCATCTCGACCTGCCGTCACGCGAACAGCTGGAAGAAACACTGTCACAATACAGCGGCACATTGCTGGCGGTTTCACATGACCGATACTTTCTCGAAAAAACAACAAACAGTAAACTCGTCATCTCAAACAACGGCATCGAAAAGCAGTTAAACGACGTTCCTTCAGAAAGAAATGAGCGGGAGGAGCTTCGGTTAAAGCTTGAGACAGAAAGACAAGAAGTGCTGGGAAAGCTCAGTTTTATGACGCCAAATGATAAAGGGTATAAGGAGCTTGATCAGGCTTTCAATGAGCTTACGAAACGAATAAAAGAGCTGGATCATCAAGACAAAAAAGACTGA", "fmax": "606379", "accession": "NC_000964.3", "fmin": "604735", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "224308", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39579"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "NP_388442.1", "sequence": "MKEIVTLTNVSYEVKDQTVFKHVNASVQQGDIIGIIGKNGAGKSTLLHLIHNDLAPAQGQILRKDIKLALVEQETAAYSFADQTPAEKKLLEKWHVPLRDFHQLSGGEKLKARLAKGLSEDADLLLLDEPTNHLDEKSLQFLIQQLKHYNGTVILVSHDRYFLDEAATKIWSLEDQTLIEFKGNYSGYMKFREKKRLTQQREYEKQQKMVERIEAQMNGLASWSEKAHAQSTKKEGFKEYHRVKAKRTDAQIKSKQKRLEKELEKAKAEPVTPEYTVRFSIDTTHKTGKRFLEVQNVTKAFGERTLFKNANFTIQHGEKVAIIGPNGSGKTTLLNIILGQETAEGSVWVSPSANIGYLTQEVFDLPLEQTPEELFENETFKARGHVQNLMRHLGFTAAQWTEPIKHMSMGERVKIKLMAYILEEKDVLILDEPTNHLDLPSREQLEETLSQYSGTLLAVSHDRYFLEKTTNSKLVISNNGIEKQLNDVPSERNEREELRLKLETERQEVLGKLSFMTPNDKGYKELDQAFNELTKRIKELDHQDKKD"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "1000"}}}}}}, "2904": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35945": {"category_aro_name": "streptogramin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35945", "category_aro_accession": "0000026", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "704": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}}}}, "395": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Class A beta-lactamase found in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3317": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium fortuitum"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$update": {"41397": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "Class A Beta-lactamases first isolated from Mycolicibacterium fortuitum."}}}}}}, "87": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5504": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA", "fmax": "2290", "accession": "U36911.1", "fmin": "1429", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAB39956.1", "sequence": "MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLPVFAHPETLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRIDAGQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLLLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWEPELNEAIPNDERDTTMPVAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW"}}}}}}}, "796": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "iri is a monooxygenase that confers resistance to rifampin found in Rhodococcus hoagii", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"474": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Rhodococcus hoagii"}}}}}}}}}}, "794": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5406": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGATTGATGTAAATAATTTCCATTATATGAAAATAGGATTGGCTTCACCTGAAAAAATCCGTTCTTGGTCTTTTGGTGAAGTTAAAAAACCTGAAACAATCAACTACCGTACATTAAAACCTGAAAAAGATGGTCTATTCTGTGAAAGAATTTTCGGACCTACAAAAGACTGGGAATGTAGTTGTGGTAAATACAAACGTGTTCGCTACAAAGGCATGGTCTGTGACAGATGTGGAGTTGAAGTAACTAAATCTAAAGTACGTCGTGAAAGAATGGGTCACATTGAACTTGCTGCTCCAGTTTCTCACATTTGGTATTTCAAAGGTATACCAAGTCGTATGGGATTATTACTTGACATGTCACCAAGAGCATTAGAAGAAGTTATTTACTTTGCTTCTTATGTTGTTGTAGATCCAGGTCCAACTGGTTTAGAAAAGAAAACTTTATTATCTGAAGCTGAATTCAGAGATTATTATGATAAATACCCAGGTCAATTCGTTGCAAAAATGGGTGCAGAAGGTATTAAAGATTTACTTGAAGAGATTGATCTTGACGAAGAACTTAAATTGTTACGCGATGAGTTGGAATCAGCTACTGGTCAAAGACTTACTCGTGCAATTAAACGTTTAGAAGTTGTTGAATCATTCCGTAATTCAGGTAACAAACCTTCATGGATGATTTTAGATGTACTTCCAATCATCCCACCAGAAATTCGTCCAATGGTTCAATTAGATGGTGGACGATTTGCAACAAGTGACTTAAACGACTTATACCGTCGTGTAATTAATCGAAATAATCGTTTGAAACGTTTATTAGATTTAGGTGCACCTGGTATCATCGTTCAAAACGAAAAACGTATGTTACAAGAAGCCGTTGACGCTTTAATTGATAATGGTCGTCGTGGTCGTCCAGTTACTGGCCCAGGTAACCGTCCATTAAAATCTTTATCTCATATGTTAAAAGGTAAACAAGGTCGTTTCCGTCAAAACCTACTTGGTAAACGTGTTGACTATTCAGGACGTTCAGTTATCGCGGTAGGTCCAAGCTTGAAAATGTACCAATGTGGTTTACCGAAAGAAATGGCACTTGAACTATTTAAACCATTTGTAATGAAAGAATTAGTTCAACGTGAAATTGCAACTAACATTAAAAATGCGAAGAGTAAAATCGAACGCATGGATGATGAAGTTTGGGACGTATTGGAAGAAGTAATTAGAGAACATCCTGTATTACTTAACCGTGCACCAACACTTCATAGACTTGGTATTCAAGCATTTGAACCAACTTTAGTTGAAGGTCGTGCGATTCGTCTACATCCACTTGTAACAACAGCTTATAACGCTGACTTTGATGGTGACCAAATGGCGGTTCACGTTCCTTTATCAAAAGAGGCACAAGCTGAAGCAAGAATGTTGATGTTAGCAGCACAAAACATCTTGAACCCTAAAGATGGTAAACCAGTAGTTACACCATCACAAGATATGGTACTTGGTAACTATTACCTTACTTTAGAAAGAAAAGATGCAGTAAATACAGGCGCAATCTTTAATAATACAAATGAAGTGTTAAAAGCATATGCAAATGGCTTTGTACATTTACACACAAGAATTGGTGTACATGCAAGTTCATTCAACAACCCAACATTTACTGAAGAACAAAACAAAAAGATTCTTGCTACGTCAGTAGGTAAAATTATATTCAATGAAATCATTCCGGATTCATTTGCTTATATTAATGAACCTACGCAAGAAAACTTAGAAAGAAAGACACCAAACAGATACTTCATCGATCCTACAACTTTAGGTGAAGGTGGATTAAAAGAATACTTTGAAAATGAAGAATTAATTGAACCTTTCAACAAAAAATTCTTAGGTAATATTATTGCAGAAGTATTCAACAGATTTAGCATCACTGATACATCAATGATGTTAGACCGTATGAAAGACTTAGGATTCAAATTCTCATCTAAAGCTGGTATTACAGTAGGTGTTGCTGATATCGTAGTATTACCTGATAAGCAACAAATACTTGATGAGCATGAAAAATTAGTCGACAGAATTACAAAACAATTCAATCGTGGTTTAATCACTGAAGAAGAAAGATATAATGCAGTTGTTGAAATTTGGACAGATGCAAAAGATCAAATTCAAGGTGAATTGATGCAATCACTTGATAAAACTAACCCAATCTTCATGATGAGTGATTCAGGTGCCCGTGGTAACGCATCTAACTTTACACAGTTAGCAGGTATGCGTGGATTGATGGCCGCACCATCTGGTAAGATTATCGAATTACCAATCACATCTTCATTCCGTGAAGGTTTAACAGTACTTGAATACTTCATCTCAACTCACGGTGCGCGTAAAGGTCTTGCCGATACAGCACTTAAGACAGCTGACTCAGGATATCTTACTCGTCGTCTTGTTGACGTGGCACAAGATGTTATTGTTCGTGAAGAAGACTGTGGTACAGATAGAGGTTTATTAGTTTCTGATATTAAAGAAGGTACAGAAATGATTGAACCATTTATCGAACGTATTGAAGGTCGTTATTCTAAAGAAACAATTCGTCATCCTGAAACTGATGAAGTTATCATTCGTCCTGATGAATTAATTACACCTGAAATTGCTAAGAAAATTACAGATGCTGGTATTGAACAAATGTATATTCGCTCAGCATTTACTTGTAACGCAAGACACGGTGTTTGTGAAAAATGTTACGGTAAAAACCTTGCTACTGGTGAAAAAGTTGAAGTTGGTGAAGCAGTTGGTACAATTGCAGCCCAATCTATCGGTGAACCAGGTACACAGCTTACAATGCGTACATTCCATACAGGTGGGGTAGCAGGTAGCGATATCACACAAGGTCTTCCTCGTATTCAAGAGATTTTCGAAGCACGTAACCCTAAAGGTCAAGCGGTAATTACGGAAATCGAAGGTGTCGTAGAAGATATTAAATTAGCAAAAGATAGACAACAAGAAATTGTTGTTAAAGGTGCTAATGAAACAAGATCATATCTTGCTTCAGGTACTTCAAGAATTATTGTAGAAATCGGTCAACCAGTACAACGTGGTGAAGTATTAACTGAAGGTTCTATTGAACCTAAGAATTACTTATCTGTTGCTGGATTAAACGCGACTGAAAGCTACTTATTAAAAGAAGTACAAAAAGTTTACCGTATGCAAGGGGTAGAAATCGACGATAAACACGTTGAGGTTATGGTTCGACAAATGTTACGTAAAGTTAGAATTATCGAAGCAGGTGATACGAAGTTATTACCAGGTTCATTAGTTGATATTCACAACTTTACAGATGCAAATAGAGAAGCATTTAAACACCGCAAGCGCCCTGCAACAGCTAAACCAGTATTACTTGGTATTACTAAAGCATCACTTGAAACAGAAAGTTTCTTATCTGCAGCATCATTCCAAGAAACAACAAGAGTTCTAACAGATGCAGCAATTAAAGGTAAGCGTGATGACTTATTAGGTCTTAAAGAAAACGTAATTATCGGTAAGCTAATTCCAGCTGGTACTGGTATGAGACGTTATAGCGACGTAAAATACGAAAAAACAGCTAAACCAGTTGCAGAAGTTGAATCTCAAACTGAAGTAACGGAATAA", "fmax": "598142", "accession": "BX571856.1", "fmin": "594518", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "282458", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35517"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAG39569.1", "sequence": "MIDVNNFHYMKIGLASPEKIRSWSFGEVKKPETINYRTLKPEKDGLFCERIFGPTKDWECSCGKYKRVRYKGMVCDRCGVEVTKSKVRRERMGHIELAAPVSHIWYFKGIPSRMGLLLDMSPRALEEVIYFASYVVVDPGPTGLEKKTLLSEAEFRDYYDKYPGQFVAKMGAEGIKDLLEEIDLDEELKLLRDELESATGQRLTRAIKRLEVVESFRNSGNKPSWMILDVLPIIPPEIRPMVQLDGGRFATSDLNDLYRRVINRNNRLKRLLDLGAPGIIVQNEKRMLQEAVDALIDNGRRGRPVTGPGNRPLKSLSHMLKGKQGRFRQNLLGKRVDYSGRSVIAVGPSLKMYQCGLPKEMALELFKPFVMKELVQREIATNIKNAKSKIERMDDEVWDVLEEVIREHPVLLNRAPTLHRLGIQAFEPTLVEGRAIRLHPLVTTAYNADFDGDQMAVHVPLSKEAQAEARMLMLAAQNILNPKDGKPVVTPSQDMVLGNYYLTLERKDAVNTGAIFNNTNEVLKAYANGFVHLHTRIGVHASSFNNPTFTEEQNKKILATSVGKIIFNEIIPDSFAYINEPTQENLERKTPNRYFIDPTTLGEGGLKEYFENEELIEPFNKKFLGNIIAEVFNRFSITDTSMMLDRMKDLGFKFSSKAGITVGVADIVVLPDKQQILDEHEKLVDRITKQFNRGLITEEERYNAVVEIWTDAKDQIQGELMQSLDKTNPIFMMSDSGARGNASNFTQLAGMRGLMAAPSGKIIELPITSSFREGLTVLEYFISTHGARKGLADTALKTADSGYLTRRLVDVAQDVIVREEDCGTDRGLLVSDIKEGTEMIEPFIERIEGRYSKETIRHPETDEVIIRPDELITPEIAKKITDAGIEQMYIRSAFTCNARHGVCEKCYGKNLATGEKVEVGEAVGTIAAQSIGEPGTQLTMRTFHTGGVAGSDITQGLPRIQEIFEARNPKGQAVITEIEGVVEDIKLAKDRQQEIVVKGANETRSYLASGTSRIIVEIGQPVQRGEVLTEGSIEPKNYLSVAGLNATESYLLKEVQKVYRMQGVEIDDKHVEVMVRQMLRKVRIIEAGDTKLLPGSLVDIHNFTDANREAFKHRKRPATAKPVLLGITKASLETESFLSAASFQETTRVLTDAAIKGKRDDLLGLKENVIIGKLIPAGTGMRRYSDVKYEKTAKPVAEVESQTEVTE"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$update": {"39874": {"$update": {"category_aro_name": "daptomycin-resistant beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC)"}}}}}}, "2410": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5266": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCGATATGGCAGAGCGCCTTGCGCTACATGAATTTACGGAAAACGCCTACTTAAACTACTCCATGTACGTGATCATGGATCGTGCGTTGCCGTTTATTGGCGACGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACAGCGCCGCATCGTCTATGCGATGTCAGAGCTGGGGCTGAACGCCACCGCTAAATTTAAAAAATCCGCCCGTACCGTTGGTGACGTACTGGGTAAGTATCACCCGCATGGCGACAGCGCCTGCTATGAAGCCATGGTGCTGATGGCGCAGCCGTTCTCTTACCGTTACCCGCTGGTCGATGGCCAGGGGAACTGGGGCGCGCCGGATGATCCGAAGTCATTCGCGGCGATGCGTTATACCGAATCCCGCCTGTCCAAATACGCCGAGCTGCTGTTAAGCGAACTCGGTCAGGGGACGGCGGACTGGGTGCCAAACTTCGACGGCACCATGCAGGAACCGAAAATGTTACCGGCGCGTCTGCCGAACATCCTGCTGAACGGCACCACCGGTATTGCGGTGGGCATGGCAACAGATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGCGCGAAGTGGCGAAAGCGGCGATTACGCTGATTGAGCAGCCGAAAACGACGCTGGATCAGTTGCTGGATATCGTTCAGGGGCCGGATTACCCGACCGAAGCGGAGATCATTACCCCACGTGCGGAAATTCGTAAAATTTACGAAAACGGGCGGGGCTCCGTGCGTATGCGCGCGGTATGGACCAAAGAAGACGGCGCTGTGGTAATTTCCGCGCTGCCGCATCAGGTCTCTGGCGCGAAAGTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGCGCAGATGCGTAATAAAAAACTGCCGATGGTGGACGATCTGCGCGATGAATCGGATCACGAAAACCCGACGCGTTTAGTGATTGTGCCACGCTCCAACCGTGTGGATATGGAACAGGTGATGAACCATCTGTTCGCCACCACCGATCTGGAAAAAAGCTACCGTATTAACCTGAACATGATCGGTCTGGATGGTCGTCCGGCGGTGAAAAACCTGCTGGAGATCCTCACCGAGTGGCTGGCGTTCCGCCGCGACACGGTGCGCCGTCGTCTGAACTATCGTCTGGAGAAAGTGCTTAAGCGCCTGCATATCCTCGAAGGTTTGCTGGTGGCGTTTCTCAACATCGACGAAGTGATTGAGATTATCCGTAGCGAAGACGAGCCAAAACCCGCGCTGATGTCGCGTTTCGGCATCAGCGAAACCCAGGCGGAAGCGATTCTCGAACTGAAACTGCGCCATCTCGCCAAACTGGAAGAGATGAAAATTCGCGGCGAGCAGGACGAGCTGGAAAAAGAGAGGGACCAGTTGCAGGGCATTCTCGCGTCCGAACGCAAAATGAATACCTTGCTGAAAAAAGAACTACAGGCGGACGCCGATGCCTATGGCGACGATCGCCGTTCTCCGCTGCGTGAGCGCGAAGAAGCTAAAGCGATGAGCGAACACGATATGCTGCCGTCCGAACCGGTGACTATCGTGCTGTCGCAGATGGGCTGGGTGCGCAGCGCCAAAGGTCATGATATTGATGCGCCGGGGCTTAACTATAAAGCGGGCGACAGCTTTAAAGCCGCGGTGAAAGGTAAGAGCAATCAACCGGTGGTGTTTATTGATACCACCGGGCGCAGCTATGCTATTGATCCCATTACGCTTCCGTCGGCGCGTGGGCAGGGCGAGCCGCTGACCGGCAAACTCACGCTGCCGCCGGGGGCGACCGTAGAGCATATGCTGATGGAAGGCGATGACCAGAAACTGCTGATGGCGTCGGATGCGGGCTACGGCTTCGTTTGTACGTTTAACGATCTGGTTGCCCGTAACCGTGCCGGTAAGACATTGATTACACTGCCGGAAAATGCGCACGTCATGCCGCCGCTGGTGATTGAAGACGAGCACGATATGCTGCTGGCGATTACCCAGGCCGGACGGATGTTGATGTTCCCGGTAGACTCTCTGCCGCAGCTGTCGAAAGGCAAAGGGAATAAGATCATTAATATCCCCTCTGCAGAAGCGGCGAAAGGCGATGATGGACTGGCGCACCTGTACGTGCTGCCGCCACAAAGCACTCTGACTATCCATGTCGGGAAGCGCAAAATCAAACTGCGCCCTGAAGAGTTACAAAAGGTGGTCGGTGAACGCGGACGCCGTGGCACATTAATGCGCGGCCTGCAGCGTATCGATCGCATTGAGATTGATTCGCCGCATCGCGTAAGTCATGGCGACAGCGAAGAGTAA", "fmax": "3339212", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "3336953", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL22048.1", "sequence": "MSDMAERLALHEFTENAYLNYSMYVIMDRALPFIGDGLKPVQRRIVYAMSELGLNATAKFKKSARTVGDVLGKYHPHGDSACYEAMVLMAQPFSYRYPLVDGQGNWGAPDDPKSFAAMRYTESRLSKYAELLLSELGQGTADWVPNFDGTMQEPKMLPARLPNILLNGTTGIAVGMATDIPPHNLREVAKAAITLIEQPKTTLDQLLDIVQGPDYPTEAEIITPRAEIRKIYENGRGSVRMRAVWTKEDGAVVISALPHQVSGAKVLEQIAAQMRNKKLPMVDDLRDESDHENPTRLVIVPRSNRVDMEQVMNHLFATTDLEKSYRINLNMIGLDGRPAVKNLLEILTEWLAFRRDTVRRRLNYRLEKVLKRLHILEGLLVAFLNIDEVIEIIRSEDEPKPALMSRFGISETQAEAILELKLRHLAKLEEMKIRGEQDELEKERDQLQGILASERKMNTLLKKELQADADAYGDDRRSPLREREEAKAMSEHDMLPSEPVTIVLSQMGWVRSAKGHDIDAPGLNYKAGDSFKAAVKGKSNQPVVFIDTTGRSYAIDPITLPSARGQGEPLTGKLTLPPGATVEHMLMEGDDQKLLMASDAGYGFVCTFNDLVARNRAGKTLITLPENAHVMPPLVIEDEHDMLLAITQAGRMLMFPVDSLPQLSKGKGNKIINIPSAEAAKGDDGLAHLYVLPPQSTLTIHVGKRKIKLRPEELQKVVGERGRRGTLMRGLQRIDRIEIDSPHRVSHGDSEE"}}}}}}}, "2301": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5217": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCAAAAGAAGAGAATTCAAAAAAACGGTTTCTTAATTGTTGTGGGTCTTCTCTTAGTAGAATTTCTCCTCTATTTCTTACTAACAAATAAATGGCTGCTATTGGCGGTAATTATCGCATTAGATATCTTTCTCTTAGTGGTTATTCGGCTGTTGATTAGAGATGTAGAAATTACGAACGTAGAAAAGATTCAAGAAGCAAGTTCCATTGCTGAACAATCGTTGGATTATGTTGTAAATGAAGTACCTGTGGGAATTATTACGTATAACGGGGAAACACGCGCGGTAGAATGGCTTAATCCTTATGCTGCTTCTATTTTTAATAAAGACAATCAGCTAACGTTAACCGCTAGCCAAGTTACGTCTTATTTAGAATTAGCAGAACGAAACCAAGATATTTTTACGATTGACGAAAATACCTATCGCTTTAGCGTCAATAAAGAACAACATACAATTACTTTTGAAGATATCACTAAAGAAAGTAATTTGTATCAAGAAAAAGTCGAAATGCAAACGGCTATTGGCATTGTGTCTGTCGATAATTATGATGATGTCACCGATACAATGGATGAGAAAGAAATTTCTTATTTGAATAGTTTCATTACGACGATGGTTTCTGATTGGATGGACCAATACAAAGTTTTTTATAAGCGAATCAACGCAGAACGTTATTTTTTCATTGCCCAATGGGAAGATATTCAAAAAATGATGGACGAAAAATTTTCTATTTTGGATACGATCCGTAAGGAATCAGCTAACCATGAAGTAGCCATTACGTTAAGTATGGGGATTGCTTATGGGGGCCCAACCTTAGATCAAACCGGGACCACGGCTCAAACAAACCTAGATACAGCTTTAGTTCGTGGTGGTGATCAAGTGGTTGTAAAAGAAGCCAAAGATGAAGCGAAGCCGTTATTTTTTGGTGGAAAAACGGCAGTAACGACGAAACGTTCCCAAGTACGTTCTCGCGCAATGAGCATGGCAATTAAGGGAATTATTGCGGAATCTGCTGACATCTATATTATGGGCCATCGTTATCCAGATATGGATGCGTTAGGTTCAGCATTTGGTGTTGCTCGTTTAGCCTCGTTTAATAATCGAAAAGCGTGGATTGTTTTAGATGAAAATGAAATCATTCCCGATGTCAAAAGAGTGTTAGAGGCGATTAAAGAGTACCCAGAATTAGAAGAGCGCATTATTAGTCCTAAAGAGGCCATGAAGCGCAAGAAAGAAAGTAGCTTATTAGTTATGGTAGATTACCATAAACCGTCTCTATCGATCTCACAAGAGCTCTATGAGCGTTTTGATAAAGTAGTAATCATTGATCACCATCGACGAGGAGACGAATTTCCAGCAAAACCCTTGCTTTCTTATATTGAATCTTCTGCCTCTTCTGCTTCAGAATTAGTCACAGAATTGATCGAATATCAAAGTAATAGCGCAAATAAACTGCAGGCCTTTGAAGCAACCATGATGTTGGCGGGAATTGTGGTTGATACGAAAAGTTTCAATACACGAACGACGGCGCGAACATTTGATGTGGCTAGTTATTTACGAACTTGTGGAGCAGACTCATCTTTAGTACAATATCTATTAAGTTCTGATCTTACAAGCTATCTGGAAATGAACAATTTAATCTCTAAAAGCGAATATGTCACAAAAGATACCGTCGTTGTTGCAGGGAGTGAAGACAAAGAATATGATAGTGTCACAGCTGCCAAAACAGCGGACACATTACTTTCTATGGCAGGGATTAATGCAGCATTTGTCATTACCAAGCGGACGGATCAACAGATTGGCATTAGTGCTCGGAGTAATGGTTCAATTAATGTCCAAATTATTATGGAAAATTTAGGTGGTGGCGGTCACTTTACTAATGCGGCAGTACAATTATCAAACGTAACAGTAGCAGAAGTAAAAGAGCAACTACTTGATGTAATTCGTCAAAATATTAATGAAATGTATGAACAGGAGTGA", "fmax": "12709", "accession": "AE016830.1", "fmin": "10732", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterococcus faecalis V583", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "226185", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37592"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAO79895.1", "sequence": "MQKKRIQKNGFLIVVGLLLVEFLLYFLLTNKWLLLAVIIALDIFLLVVIRLLIRDVEITNVEKIQEASSIAEQSLDYVVNEVPVGIITYNGETRAVEWLNPYAASIFNKDNQLTLTASQVTSYLELAERNQDIFTIDENTYRFSVNKEQHTITFEDITKESNLYQEKVEMQTAIGIVSVDNYDDVTDTMDEKEISYLNSFITTMVSDWMDQYKVFYKRINAERYFFIAQWEDIQKMMDEKFSILDTIRKESANHEVAITLSMGIAYGGPTLDQTGTTAQTNLDTALVRGGDQVVVKEAKDEAKPLFFGGKTAVTTKRSQVRSRAMSMAIKGIIAESADIYIMGHRYPDMDALGSAFGVARLASFNNRKAWIVLDENEIIPDVKRVLEAIKEYPELEERIISPKEAMKRKKESSLLVMVDYHKPSLSISQELYERFDKVVIIDHHRRGDEFPAKPLLSYIESSASSASELVTELIEYQSNSANKLQAFEATMMLAGIVVDTKSFNTRTTARTFDVASYLRTCGADSSLVQYLLSSDLTSYLEMNNLISKSEYVTKDTVVVAGSEDKEYDSVTAAKTADTLLSMAGINAAFVITKRTDQQIGISARSNGSINVQIIMENLGGGGHFTNAAVQLSNVTVAEVKEQLLDVIRQNINEMYEQE"}}}}}}}, "2303": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2305": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5214": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAATTATAGAGAATTAATGCAAAAGAAAAATGTTCGTCCTTACGTATTGATGGCTCGTTTTGGTTTAGAAAAAGAAAACCAACGTAGTACACGAGAAGGGCTTTTAGCGACAACTGATCATCCCACGGTTTTTGGTAACCGTTCTTATCATCCATATATTCAAACAGATTTTAGTGAAACACAATTAGAACTAATCACGCCTGTAGCAAATAGCGGCACAGAAATGCTTCGTTTTTTAGATGCCATTCACGATGTGGCTCGTCGTTCGATTCCAGAAGATGAAATGCTGTGGCCATTAAGTATGCCGCCACAATTACCAACAAAAGATGAAGAGATTAAAATTGCTAAATTAGATCAATATGATGCAGTGTTATATCGTCGTTATTTGGCAAAAGAGTATGGCAAACGAAAACAAATGGTCAGCGGAATTCATTTTAATTTTGAATATGACCAAGCCCTGATTCAGCAATTATATGATGAACAATCCGAAGTGACAGATTGCAAACAATTTAAAACGAAAGTGTACATGAAAGTTGCCCGTAACTTTTTACGTTATCGTTGGTTAATTACGTATCTTTTTGGGGCTTCGCCAGTTAGTGAAGACGGCTACTTTAGAGTCTATGACGACCAACCGCAAGAACCCATTCGCAGTATTCGGAATAGTACGTATGGCTACAGAAATCATGACAATGTGAAAGTATCGTATGCCTCATTGGAACGCTATTTAGAAGATATTCATCGCATGGTGGAAAATGGTTTACTTTCTGAAGAAAAAGAATTTTATGCGCCTGTGCGCTTACGTGGTGGGAAACAAATGTCTGATCTGCCTAAAACAGGTATTCGCTATATCGAGTTGCGTAATTTAGACTTAAATCCTTTTTCACGTTTAGGCATTGTGGAAGATACTGTGGATTTCTTACATTATTTCATGTTGTATTTATTGTGGACAGATGAAAAAGAAGAAGCGGATGAATGGGTAAAAACTGGCGATATTTTAAATGAACAAGTGGCTCTTGGTCATCCTCATGAAACGATTAAGTTAATTGCAGAAGGCGATCGGATTTTTTCAGAAATGATTGATATGTTAGATGCTCTAGGCATTCGTAAAGGCAAAGAAGTTGTCGGTAAGTATTATCAACAACTGCGGAATCCACAAGACACCGTTTCTGGCAAAATGTGGACGATTATTCAAGAAAACTCCAACAGTGAACTGGGAAATATTTTTGGAAACCAATATCAAAGTATGGCCTTTGAACGCCCTTATCAATTAGCTGGTTTCCGTGAGATGGAATTATCCACACAAATTTTCTTGTTTGATGCGATTCAAAAAGGTTTGGAAATCGAAATTTTAGATGAACAAGAGCAATTTTTGAAACTGCAACATGGCGAGCACATTGAATACGTCAAAAATGCCAACATGACTAGCAAAGATAACTACGTGGTACCATTGATTATGGAAAACAAAACCGTGACAAAGAAAATTTTGTCTGCAGCAGGGTTCCATGTGCCTGGCGGTGAAGAATTTTCATCTTTTATTGAGGCACAAGAAGCACATTTACGCTACGCCAATAAAGCGTTTGTCGTGAAACCAAAATCAACGAATTACGGTTTAGGAATTACCATTTTTAAAGAAGGCGCTTCGTTGGAAGACTTTACGGAAGCGTTACGGATTGCTTTTAAAGAGGACACAGCGGTTTTAATTGAAGAGTTTTTACCTGGAACAGAATATCGGTTCTTTGTGTTAGATAATGATGTAAAAGCCATCATGTTGCGCGTGCCAGCCAATGTTACCGGAGATGGCAAACACACTGTAGAAGAATTGGTGGCCGCTAAAAATAGTGATCCATTGCGGGGGACCAATCACCGTGCACCACTAGAATTAATCCAGTTAAATGATTTAGAAAAACTAATGTTGAAAGAACAAGGTTTAACTATCTATTCTGTGCCAGAAAAAGAGCAAATCGTGTACTTGCGAGAAAATTCTAATGTTAGCACGGGCGGGGATTCGATTGATATGACCGATGTCATTGATGATAGTTATAAACAAATCGCCATTGAGGCCGTAGCTGCTTTAGGAGCCAAAATTTGTGGCATTGATTTAATCATTCCTGACAAAGACGTAAAAGGCACACGTGATAGCTTAACGTACGGGATTATCGAAGCAAACTTTAATCCAGCCATGCACATGCATGTGTATCCATACGCTGGACAGGGTAGACGCTTGACAATGGACGTTTTAAAACTTTTATACCCAGAAGTGGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1663635", "accession": "CP014949.1", "fmin": "1661364", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterococcus faecalis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1351", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35918"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AMR95642.1", "sequence": "MNYRELMQKKNVRPYVLMARFGLEKENQRSTREGLLATTDHPTVFGNRSYHPYIQTDFSETQLELITPVANSGTEMLRFLDAIHDVARRSIPEDEMLWPLSMPPQLPTKDEEIKIAKLDQYDAVLYRRYLAKEYGKRKQMVSGIHFNFEYDQALIQQLYDEQSEVTDCKQFKTKVYMKVARNFLRYRWLITYLFGASPVSEDGYFRVYDDQPQEPIRSIRNSTYGYRNHDNVKVSYASLERYLEDIHRMVENGLLSEEKEFYAPVRLRGGKQMSDLPKTGIRYIELRNLDLNPFSRLGIVEDTVDFLHYFMLYLLWTDEKEEADEWVKTGDILNEQVALGHPHETIKLIAEGDRIFSEMIDMLDALGIRKGKEVVGKYYQQLRNPQDTVSGKMWTIIQENSNSELGNIFGNQYQSMAFERPYQLAGFREMELSTQIFLFDAIQKGLEIEILDEQEQFLKLQHGEHIEYVKNANMTSKDNYVVPLIMENKTVTKKILSAAGFHVPGGEEFSSFIEAQEAHLRYANKAFVVKPKSTNYGLGITIFKEGASLEDFTEALRIAFKEDTAVLIEEFLPGTEYRFFVLDNDVKAIMLRVPANVTGDGKHTVEELVAAKNSDPLRGTNHRAPLELIQLNDLEKLMLKEQGLTIYSVPEKEQIVYLRENSNVSTGGDSIDMTDVIDDSYKQIAIEAVAALGAKICGIDLIIPDKDVKGTRDSLTYGIIEANFNPAMHMHVYPYAGQGRRLTMDVLKLLYPEVVQ"}}}}}}}, "2145": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "2306": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5225": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCACGAAAAACCAAACAAGAAGCGCAAGAAACGCGCCAACACATCCTCGATGTGGCTCTACGTCTTTTCTCACAGCAGGGGGTATCATCCACCTCGCTGGGCGAGATTGCAAAAGCAGCTGGCGTTACGCGCGGTGCAATCTACTGGCATTTTAAAGACAAGTCGGATTTGTTCAGTGAGATCTGGGAACTGTCAGAATCCAATATTGGTGAACTAGAGCTTGAGTATCAGGCAAAATTCCCTGGCGATCCACTCTCAGTATTAAGAGAGATATTAATTCATGTTCTTGAATCCACGGTGACAGAAGAACGGCGTCGATTATTGATGGAGATTATATTCCACAAATGCGAATTTGTCGGAGAAATGGCTGTTGTGCAACAGGCACAACGTAATCTCTGTCTGGAAAGTTATGACCGTATAGAACAAACGTTAAAACATTGTATTGAAGCGAAAATGTTGCCTGCGGATTTAATGACGCGTCGCGCAGCAATTATTATGCGCGGCTATATTTCCGGCCTGATGGAAAACTGGCTCTTTGCCCCGCAATCTTTTGATCTTAAAAAAGAAGCCCGCGATTACGTTGCCATCTTACTGGAGATGTATCTCCTGTGCCCCACGCTTCGTAATCCTGCCACTAACGAATAA", "fmax": "486408", "accession": "U00096.3", "fmin": "485760", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "511145", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36849"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC73566.1", "sequence": "MARKTKQEAQETRQHILDVALRLFSQQGVSSTSLGEIAKAAGVTRGAIYWHFKDKSDLFSEIWELSESNIGELELEYQAKFPGDPLSVLREILIHVLESTVTEERRRLLMEIIFHKCEFVGEMAVVQQAQRNLCLESYDRIEQTLKHCIEAKMLPADLMTRRAAIIMRGYISGLMENWLFAPQSFDLKKEARDYVAILLEMYLLCPTLRNPATNE"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2799": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1653": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(6')-Ip is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in C. freundii, E. coli, E. faecium and Klebsiella aerogenes", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5237": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCTTAAGAAAAGCTTTCTTGATGCTGGAAATGAATCATGGGGAGATATTAAAAATGCTATTGAAGAAGTTGAAGAATGTATAGAACATCCAAATATATGCTTGGGAATATGTCTGGATGATAAACTGATTGGATGGACCGGATTAAGGCCGATGTACGATAAGACCTGGGAACTTCATCCCATGGTTATAAAAACTGAATATCAAGGCAAGGGTTTTGGGAAAGTACTACTAAGAGAACTAGAGACGAGAGCGAAGAGTAGGGGAATTATCGGAATAGCTCTTGGAACTGATGACGAATATCAGAAAACTAGTTTGTCTATGATTGATATAAACGAACGAAATATCTTCGATGAAATCGGGAATATAAAGAACGTTAATAATCATCCATATGAGTTTTATAAGAAATGTGGTTATATGATCGTTGGAATAATCCCTAATGCTAATGGAAAAAGAAAACCAGATATATGGATGTGGCAGATATTAGCTAGGAAGAACAGCCCAACAATCGCTTCAACCTGA", "fmax": "1051", "accession": "Z54241.1", "fmin": "529", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter freundii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "546", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAA91010.1", "sequence": "MLKKSFLDAGNESWGDIKNAIEEVEECIEHPNICLGICLDDKLIGWTGLRPMYDKTWELHPMVIKTEYQGKGFGKVLLRELETRAKSRGIIGIALGTDDEYQKTSLSMIDINERNIFDEIGNIKNVNNHPYEFYKKCGYMIVGIIPNANGKRKPDIWMWQILARKNSPTIAST"}}}}}}}, "2288": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"4632": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2"}}}}}}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis mutant ndh conferring resistance to isoniazid", "ARO_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid"}}, "410": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5232": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCCCGCCTCCTTCGTCACGCGCGCCTCGCTCGCCGCCGACCTTGCCAGCCTTGGCCTTGCTCCCGGCGACGCCGTGATGGTCCACGCTGCCGTCAGCAAGGTTGGCCGCCTGCTCGACGGCCCCGATACGATCATCAGCGCCCTCTCCGACGCCGTCGGCCCGGAGGGCACGGTCCTCGCCTATGCCGATTGGGAAGCGCGCTACGAGGAACTGGCGGACGAGCACGGGCGCGTACCGGTGCAATGGCGCGATCATATCCCGCCTTTCGATCCGCAGCGCTCGCGCGCCATCCGCGACAATGGCGTGCTGCCGGAATTCCTGCGGACGACGCCGGGCGCACTGCGCAGCGGCAATCCCGGCGCTTCGGTGGTGGCGCTCGGCGCAAAGGCGGAATGGTTCACCGCCGATCACCCGCTCGACTACGGCTATGGCGAGGGCTCGCCACTGGCCAAGCTGGTCGCCGCCGGTGGCAGGGTGCTGATGCTCGGAGCACCGCTCGACACGCTGACCCTGCTGCACCATGCCGAGCATCTGGCTGATATCCCCGGCAAGCGGATCAAGCGGATCGAGGTGCCGTTCGCGACACCTACAGGCACGCAATGGCGCATGATCGAGGAGTTCGACACCGGCGATCCGATCGTCGCAGGGCTGGCCGAGGACTATTTCGCGGGAATCGTGACCGAATTCCTCGCCAGCGGCCAGGGTCGGCAAGGGTTGATCGGCGCCGCTCCCTCGGTGCTGGTCGATGCCGCAGCGATCACCGCCTTCGGCGTCACCTGGCTCGAAAAACGGTTCGGTACGCCCTCGCCCTGA", "fmax": "1171", "accession": "LLLC01000048.1", "fmin": "352", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "KSC15183.1", "sequence": "MTPASFVTRASLAADLASLGLAPGDAVMVHAAVSKVGRLLDGPDTIISALSDAVGPEGTVLAYADWEARYEELADEHGRVPVQWRDHIPPFDPQRSRAIRDNGVLPEFLRTTPGALRSGNPGASVVALGAKAEWFTADHPLDYGYGEGSPLAKLVAAGGRVLMLGAPLDTLTLLHHAEHLADIPGKRIKRIEVPFATPTGTQWRMIEEFDTGDPIVAGLAEDYFAGIVTEFLASGQGRQGLIGAAPSVLVDAAAITAFGVTWLEKRFGTPSP"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "500"}}}}}}, "1138": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "412": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5594": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTTATGTTCGCCTGTGTGTTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACCCTGCCACTGGCGGTAGACGCCGGTCCACAGCCGCTTGAGCAGATTAAACAAAGCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGCCGCGTGGGGATGGTGGAAATGGATCTGGCCAGCGGCCGCACGCTGGCCGCCTGGCGCGCCGATGAACGCTTTCCCATGGTGAGCACCTTTAAAGTGCTGCTGTGCGGCGCGGTGCTGGCGCGGGTGGATGCCGGGCTCGAACAACTGGATCGGCGGATCCACTACCGCCAGCAGGATCTGGTGGACTACTCCCCGGTCAGCGAAAAACACCTTGTCGACGGGATGACGATCGGCGAACTCTGCGCCGCCGCCATCACCCTGAGCGATAACAGCGCTGGCAATCTGCTGCTGGCCACCGTCGGCGGCCCCGCGGGATTAACTGCCTTTCTGCGCCAGATCGGTGACAACGTCACCCGTCTTGACCGCTGGGAAACGGCACTGAATGAGGCGCTTCCCGGCGACGCGCGCGACACCACCACCCCGGCCAGCATGGCCGCCACGCTGCGCAAACTACTGACCGCGCAGCATCTGAGCGCCCGTTCGCAACAGCAACTCCTGCAGTGGATGGTGGACGATCGGGTTGCCGGCCCGCTGATCCGCGCCGTGCTGCCGGCGGGCTGGTTTATCGCCGACAAAACCGGGGCTGGCGAACGGGGTGCGCGCGGCATTGTCGCCCTGCTCGGCCCGGACGGCAAACCGGAGCGCATTGTGGTGATCTATCTGCGGGATACCCCGGCGAGTATGGCCGAGCGTAATCAACATATCGCCGGGATCGGCGCAGCGCTGATCGAGCACTGGCAACGCTAA", "fmax": "121152", "accession": "FLES01000010.1", "fmin": "120291", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "SAU22663.1", "sequence": "MRYVRLCVISLLATLPLAVDAGPQPLEQIKQSESQLSGRVGMVEMDLASGRTLAAWRADERFPMVSTFKVLLCGAVLARVDAGLEQLDRRIHYRQQDLVDYSPVSEKHLVDGMTIGELCAAAITLSDNSAGNLLLATVGGPAGLTAFLRQIGDNVTRLDRWETALNEALPGDARDTTTPASMAATLRKLLTAQHLSARSQQQLLQWMVDDRVAGPLIRAVLPAGWFIADKTGAGERGARGIVALLGPDGKPERIVVIYLRDTPASMAERNQHIAGIGAALIEHWQR"}}}}}}}, "2140": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37045": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37045", "category_aro_accession": "3000701", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis."}, "37044": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37044", "category_aro_accession": "3000700", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis."}}}}}, "1135": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus parE resulting in aminocoumarin resistance. Please note: the reference sequence associated with this model corresponds to Staphylococcus aureus MRSA parE, while the SNPs correspond to Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus RN4220 (for which a complete annotated genome does not exist in genbank at present).", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"3681": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": ""}}}}}}}}}}, "2287": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Mutations in the Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5368": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCCATCCCGGAGCTACGGCGTCGGATCGGCATAAAGTCGTCATCATCGGTTCGGGTTTCGGTGGTCTCACCGCTGCCAAGACCCTCAAGCGCGCTGACGTCGACGTCAAGCTAATCGCCCGTACCACGCACCACCTCTTCCAGCCGCTGCTCTACCAGGTGGCGACCGGCATCATCTCCGAGGGCGAGATCGCCCCGGCCACTCGAGTGATCCTCCGCAAGCAGAAGAACGCCCAGGTCCTTCTCTGCGATGTGACGCACATCGATCTGGAGAACAAGACCGTGGATTCGGTGCTGCTCGGTCACACCTACTCGACGCCCTACGACAGCCTCATCATCGCCGCGGGCGCGGGTCAGTCCTACTTCGGCAACGACCACTTCGCCGAGTTCGCACCCGGCATGAAGTCGATCGACGATGCGCTGGAGCTGCGCGGTCGCATCCTCGGCGCGTTCGAACAGGCCGAGCGCTCCAGCGACCCGGTGCGCCGCGCGAAGTTGCTGACGTTCACCGTCGTCGGCGCGGGCCCGACCGGCGTCGAGATGGCCGGACAGATCGCCGAATTGGCCGACCAGACTTTGCGGGGCAGCTTCCGCCACATCGATCCCACCGAGGCCCGGGTGATCCTGCTCGACGCCGCACCGGCCGTGCTACCGCCCATGGGCGAGAAGCTCGGCAAGAAGGCGCGGGCCCGTCTGGAGAAGATGGGCGTCGAGGTCCAGCTGGGTGCGATGGTCACCGACGTCGACCGCAACGGCATCACCGTCAAGGATTCCGACGGGACCATCCGTCGCATCGAGTCGGCGTGCAAGGTGTGGTCGGCCGGTGTGTCGGCCAGCCCTCTCGGCAAGGATCTCGCCGAGCAGTCGGGTGTCGAACTCGACCGCGCGGGCCGGGTCAAGGTACAGCCCGACCTGACGCTGCCCGGTCACCCGAACGTGTTCGTCGTGGGCGACATGGCGGCCGTCGAGGGCGTGCCCGGTGTGGCGCAGGGCGCCATCCAGGGTGGCCGCTACGCCGCGAAGATCATCAAGCGTGAGGTCAGTGGCACCAGCCCGAAGATCCGCACGCCGTTCGAGTACTTCGACAAGGGCTCGATGGCGACGGTGTCGCGGTTCTCCGCGGTGGCCAAGGTGGGTCCCGTCGAGTTCGCGGGCTTCTTCGCCTGGTTGTGCTGGCTCGTGCTGCACCTGGTGTACCTGGTCGGGTTCAAGACGAAGATCGTCACACTGCTGTCGTGGGGCGTGACGTTCCTGAGCACCAAGCGTGGTCAGCTCACCATCACCGAGCAGCAGGCCTATGCGCGAACCCGCATCGAGGAGCTCGAGGAGATCGCGGCGGCGGTGCAGGACACCGAGAAAGCCGCGTCCTAG", "fmax": "3685431", "accession": "CP009496.1", "fmin": "3684057", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1772", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36871"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AIU22003.1", "sequence": "MSHPGATASDRHKVVIIGSGFGGLTAAKTLKRADVDVKLIARTTHHLFQPLLYQVATGIISEGEIAPATRVILRKQKNAQVLLCDVTHIDLENKTVDSVLLGHTYSTPYDSLIIAAGAGQSYFGNDHFAEFAPGMKSIDDALELRGRILGAFEQAERSSDPVRRAKLLTFTVVGAGPTGVEMAGQIAELADQTLRGSFRHIDPTEARVILLDAAPAVLPPMGEKLGKKARARLEKMGVEVQLGAMVTDVDRNGITVKDSDGTIRRIESACKVWSAGVSASPLGKDLAEQSGVELDRAGRVKVQPDLTLPGHPNVFVVGDMAAVEGVPGVAQGAIQGGRYAAKIIKREVSGTSPKIRTPFEYFDKGSMATVSRFSAVAKVGPVEFAGFFAWLCWLVLHLVYLVGFKTKIVTLLSWGVTFLSTKRGQLTITEQQAYARTRIEELEEIAAAVQDTEKAAS"}}}}}, "model_name": "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis mutant ndh conferring resistance to isoniazid", "ARO_name": "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid"}}, "245": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "974": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5185": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTGACGCGAGTATTGTCTGCACCAATCTCTCCTTCTCCTGGCCCGACGAGACGCCGGTCTTCGACGGGTTGTCCTTTGCCCTCGGCGCCGGCCGTTGCGGCCTCGTGGGCCCCAATGGCGCGGGAAAGTCCACACTGTTGCGGCTCGCCGTAGGGGAACTCACCCCTACCGCAGGCTCGATCACCGCGCAGGGACATGTCGGGTACCTGCCGCAGTCCCTGCCGCTGATCGACGGCACCGTCGACGAGGCCCTGGAGATCGCCTCCATCCGGGCGGCTCTGCATGCCATCGAGTCAGGTGACGTGGACGAGGCGCACTTCACCACTGTGGGCGATCACTGGGACATCGAGGAACGCACCACGATCGTCCTGGACCGTCTGGGTCTCGGCGACGTGTCCCTTGACCGCCCGCTTCGCTCCCTCAGCGGCGGCCAGGTCCTCGCCATCGGCCTGGCCGCGCAGCTCCTGAAGCGACCCGACGTGCTGATCCTCGACGAACCCACCAACAACCTTGACCTGGCCGCCCGGCAGCGGCTCTACCAGGTCGTCGAAGAGTGGAAGGGGGCCCTCCTCGTCGTCAGCCACGACCGGGAGCTCCTGGACCGCGTAGACACCATCGCCGAGCTGCAGGCATCCGAACTCCGCCTCTACGGTGGCAACTTCACCGCCTACACGGAAGCCGTCGAGCTGGAACAGGAGAACGTGCAGCGCGCGGTGCGCGGGGCGGAGCAGGAGTTGCGCCGCCACAAGCGCGAGGCGCAGGCGGCCCAGGAGCGGGCCCAGCGCCGGGCCAGCAACGCCAAGCGCAACAAGGCTTCGTCGGGGGTGCCCCGTATCCACGCGGGCGCCCTTCAGCGACAGGCTCAGGAATCGGCGGGCCGCGCCGCCTCGGTGCACCAGGACCGGGTGTCCCAGGCCAAGGCCAAGCTGGACGAGGCCAGTCAGGGGATGCGTGAGGAAGCGCGCCTGGCGATCACCCTTCCGCAGACCTCGGTCCCGGCCGGACGCACCGTGTTGACGTGCCATGAGGCCAATGTCCGGTACGGGGAACGGACGTTGTTCACCGGCTCGGGCGTCGACCTCGGGATCCGCGGGCCGGAGCGGATCGCGCTGCTCGGGCCCAACGGCTCGGGCAAGTCAACGCTGTTGAAGCTGATCGCCGGCGAGCTCGAACCCTCCTCGGGGACGGTCACGGCGCCGACGGACCGGGTGTCCTATCTCTCGCAGCGCCTCGATCTGCTCGACTTGGACGCCAGCGTCCTGGACAACCTGCGCCGTTTCGCCCCGCATCTGCAGGACGGCGAAGTCCGCTACCGCCTGGCGCAGTTCCTCTTCCGCGGCGACCGAGTTCATCGCACCGCCGGATGGCTCTCCGGCGGTGAGCGGCTGCGCGCGACCCTGGCGTGTGTCCTGTCCACGGACCCTGCCCCTCAGCTGCTCCTGCTGGACGAGCCGACGAACAACCTCGACCTCAACAGTGCCGCCCAGCTGGAGAACGCGCTCAACGCCTTCCAGGGCGCCTTCGTAGTCGTCAGCCACGACCAGGCGTTCCTGCGCGCCATCGGTGTCTCGCGCTGGCTGCGCCTGGCGGACGGAACCCTGGAGGAGATCGCGGAGGCGGACGACGCGTGGCCTCATCGGGATAAGTGA", "fmax": "34348", "accession": "EU124663.1", "fmin": "32695", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptomyces lincolnensis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1915", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36862"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABX00624.1", "sequence": "MADASIVCTNLSFSWPDETPVFDGLSFALGAGRCGLVGPNGAGKSTLLRLAVGELTPTAGSITAQGHVGYLPQSLPLIDGTVDEALEIASIRAALHAIESGDVDEAHFTTVGDHWDIEERTTIVLDRLGLGDVSLDRPLRSLSGGQVLAIGLAAQLLKRPDVLILDEPTNNLDLAARQRLYQVVEEWKGALLVVSHDRELLDRVDTIAELQASELRLYGGNFTAYTEAVELEQENVQRAVRGAEQELRRHKREAQAAQERAQRRASNAKRNKASSGVPRIHAGALQRQAQESAGRAASVHQDRVSQAKAKLDEASQGMREEARLAITLPQTSVPAGRTVLTCHEANVRYGERTLFTGSGVDLGIRGPERIALLGPNGSGKSTLLKLIAGELEPSSGTVTAPTDRVSYLSQRLDLLDLDASVLDNLRRFAPHLQDGEVRYRLAQFLFRGDRVHRTAGWLSGGERLRATLACVLSTDPAPQLLLLDEPTNNLDLNSAAQLENALNAFQGAFVVVSHDQAFLRAIGVSRWLRLADGTLEEIAEADDAWPHRDK"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35945": {"category_aro_name": "streptogramin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35945", "category_aro_accession": "0000026", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1385": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5454": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAATTCACCCACTTTTTCATTGCACGCCCCATCTTCGCCATCGTCCTGTCGCTGTTAATGCTGCTGGCTGGCGCTATCGCCTTTTTAAAACTGCCGCTGAGTGAATATCCGGCCGTTACGCCGCCCACGGTACAGGTTAGCGCCAGCTACCCCGGCGCTAACCCGCAAGTGATTGCCGATACGGTAGCCGCGCCGCTGGAACAGGTGATCAACGGCGTTGACGGCATGTTGTATATGAATACCCAGATGGCCATTGATGGTCGCATGGTTATCTCTATCGCCTTCGAACAGGGAACCGATCCTGATATGGCGCAAATTCAGGTGCAAAACCGGGTATCCCGCGCGCTGCCTCGCCTGCCCGAAGAAGTCCAGCGAATTGGCGTTGTAACGGAGAAAACGTCCCCCGATATGTTGATGGTGGTTCATCTTGTCTCGCCGCAAAAACGCTATGACTCGCTTTACCTGTCTAACTTCGCCATCCGGCAGGTTCGCGACGAACTGGCCCGTTTACCCGGCGTCGGCGATGTTCTCGTCTGGGGCGCGGGCGAGTACGCCATGCGCGTCTGGCTGGACCCGGCGAAAATCGCCAACCGCGGTCTTACCGCCAGTGATATCGTTACGGCGTTGCGGGAACAAAACGTACAGGTCGCCGCCGGTTCCGTCGGGCAACAGCCGGAGGCCTCCGCCGCTTTTCAGATGACGGTAAACACGCTGGGCCGCCTGACCAGCGAAGAACAGTTCGGCGAGATTGTGGTAAAAATCGGCGCTGACGGCGAGGTGACGCGTCTGCGTGATGTCGCCCGCGTCACGCTGGGCGCAGATGCCTATACGCTGCGCAGTTTACTGAATGGCGAAGCGGCGCCAGCGTTACAGATTATTCAAAGTCCGGGCGCCAATGCGATTGACGTTTCTAACGCGATTCGCGGCAAAATGGATGAGTTGCAGCAAAACTTCCCGCAGGATATCGAATACCGGATTGCCTATGATCCTACGGTCTTCGTGCGCGCATCGCTACAATCGGTGGCGATTACGTTGCTGGAAGCCCTCGTGCTGGTCGTCCTTGTCGTGGTGATGTTCCTGCAAACCTGGCGGGCGTCCATTATTCCTCTGGTGGCGGTTCCCGTTTCGCTGGTCGGCACCTTTGCCTTGATGCACCTGTTTGGCTTTTCGCTGAATACGCTTTCGCTGTTTGGTTTGGTCCTGTCGATAGGTATCGTTGTCGATGACGCCATCGTTGTGGTCGAAAACGTGGAACGGCATATCTCGCAGGGCAAAAGTCCCGGAGAGGCGGCAAAGAAGGCGATGGATGAAGTCACTGGTCCCATTCTTTCTATTACCTCGGTGCTAACGGCGGTCTTTATCCCTTCCGCATTCCTGGCGGGCCTGCAGGGTGAGTTTTATCGTCAGTTCGCGTTGACCATCGCTATTTCGACCATCCTTTCGGCCATTAACTCGCTGACGCTCTCCCCTGCGCTGGCTGCCATTTTGCTAAGACCGCACCACGATACTGCGAAGGCTGACTGGCTAACGCGGTTGATGGGCACGGTCACTGGCGGTTTTTTCCATCGCTTTAACCGTTTCTTCGACAGCGCGTCGAACCGCTATGTTAGCGCCGTCCGTCGGGCCGTGCGCGGCAGCGTCATTGTGATGGTGCTCTATGCTGGCTTTGTGGGGCTGACCTGGCTTGGCTTCCATCAGGTGCCGAACGGGTTTGTGCCTGCGCAGGATAAATACTATCTCGTCGGCATCGCCCAGCTCCCAAGCGGCGCATCGTTGGATCGCACAGAGGCGGTCGTGAAACAGATGTCCGCTATCGCGCTGGCGGAACCCGGCGTTGAAAGCGTCGTCGTCTTCCCCGGTCTGTCGGTTAACGGCCCGGTAAATGTGCCAAATTCGGCGCTGATGTTCGCCATGCTGAAACCCTTTGACGAGCGTGAAGATCCTTCGCTTTCCGCTAACGCTATCGCCGGAAAGCTAATGCACAAATTTAGCCACATTCCCGACGGATTTATTGGCATCTTCCCGCCACCGCCGGTTCCAGGGCTTGGCGCGACGGGCGGCTTTAAATTGCAGATTGAAGATCGTGCGGAACTGGGATTTGAAGCGATGACAAAGGTGCAAAGCGAGATTATGTCTAAGGCGATGCAGACGCCCGAACTGGCCAATATGCTGGCCAGTTTCCAGACAAACGCCCCGCAATTACAGGTGGATATCGACCGGGTAAAGGCGAAATCAATGGGGGTATCGCTCACCGACATCTTTGAAACGTTGCAAATTAACCTCGGCTCGCTTTACGTCAACGATTTCAACCGATTTGGCCGTGCCTGGCGGGTGATGGCGCAGGCCGATGCGCCATTCCGTATGCAGCAAGAGGATATCGGCCTGCTTAAAGTCCGCAATGCGAAGGGCGAGATGATCCCGCTTAGCGCTTTCGTCACGATTATGCGCCAGTCGGGGCCGGACAGAATCATCCATTACAACGGCTTCCCCTCGGTAGATATTAGCGGTGGACCGGCTCCGGGCTTCTCCTCCGGACAGGCGACGGACGCGATTGAAAAGATCGTGCGTGAAACGTTACCGGAAGGGATGGTCTTCGAATGGACCGATCTGGTTTATCAGGAAAAACAGGCCGGCAACTCTGCGCTTGCTATCTTTGCGCTGGCGGTGCTGCTGGCCTTCCTGATCCTGGCGGCGCAGTACAACAGTTGGTCGCTGCCCTTCGCCGTCCTGCTTATTGCGCCTATGTCATTACTCTCAGCCATTGTCGGCGTGTGGGTATCTGGCGGAGATAACAATATCTTTACGCAGATTGGTTTCGTGGTGCTGGTCGGCCTGGCGGCCAAGAACGCCATTTTGATTGTCGAGTTTGCCCGCGCCAAAGAACACGACGGCGCAGACCCGCTGACCGCCGTACTGGAAGCGTCCCGCCTGCGTCTGCGTCCTATCCTGATGACCTCATTCGCCTTTATCGCAGGTGTAGTACCACTGGTACTCGCGACGGGTGCCGGCGCGGAAATGCGACATGCGATGGGCATCGCCGTGTTTGCCGGCATGTTGGGCGTCACGCTCTTCGGCCTGTTATTGACGCCTGTATTTTACGTGGTGGTTCGCAGGATGGCATTAAAGCGTGAGAACCGCGTTGATTCGCATGATCAGCAAGCATAA", "fmax": "397061", "accession": "AE006468.2", "fmin": "393893", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "99287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35734"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL19305.1", "sequence": "MKFTHFFIARPIFAIVLSLLMLLAGAIAFLKLPLSEYPAVTPPTVQVSASYPGANPQVIADTVAAPLEQVINGVDGMLYMNTQMAIDGRMVISIAFEQGTDPDMAQIQVQNRVSRALPRLPEEVQRIGVVTEKTSPDMLMVVHLVSPQKRYDSLYLSNFAIRQVRDELARLPGVGDVLVWGAGEYAMRVWLDPAKIANRGLTASDIVTALREQNVQVAAGSVGQQPEASAAFQMTVNTLGRLTSEEQFGEIVVKIGADGEVTRLRDVARVTLGADAYTLRSLLNGEAAPALQIIQSPGANAIDVSNAIRGKMDELQQNFPQDIEYRIAYDPTVFVRASLQSVAITLLEALVLVVLVVVMFLQTWRASIIPLVAVPVSLVGTFALMHLFGFSLNTLSLFGLVLSIGIVVDDAIVVVENVERHISQGKSPGEAAKKAMDEVTGPILSITSVLTAVFIPSAFLAGLQGEFYRQFALTIAISTILSAINSLTLSPALAAILLRPHHDTAKADWLTRLMGTVTGGFFHRFNRFFDSASNRYVSAVRRAVRGSVIVMVLYAGFVGLTWLGFHQVPNGFVPAQDKYYLVGIAQLPSGASLDRTEAVVKQMSAIALAEPGVESVVVFPGLSVNGPVNVPNSALMFAMLKPFDEREDPSLSANAIAGKLMHKFSHIPDGFIGIFPPPPVPGLGATGGFKLQIEDRAELGFEAMTKVQSEIMSKAMQTPELANMLASFQTNAPQLQVDIDRVKAKSMGVSLTDIFETLQINLGSLYVNDFNRFGRAWRVMAQADAPFRMQQEDIGLLKVRNAKGEMIPLSAFVTIMRQSGPDRIIHYNGFPSVDISGGPAPGFSSGQATDAIEKIVRETLPEGMVFEWTDLVYQEKQAGNSALAIFALAVLLAFLILAAQYNSWSLPFAVLLIAPMSLLSAIVGVWVSGGDNNIFTQIGFVVLVGLAAKNAILIVEFARAKEHDGADPLTAVLEASRLRLRPILMTSFAFIAGVVPLVLATGAGAEMRHAMGIAVFAGMLGVTLFGLLLTPVFYVVVRRMALKRENRVDSHDQQA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2835": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "2834": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5509": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACCTCGCTTATCGATTACATCCTGAGCCTGTTCCGCAGCGAAGACGCCGCCCGGTCGTTCGTTGCCGCTCCGGGACGGGCCATGACCAGTGCCGGGCTGATCGATATCGCGCCGCACCAAATCTCATCGGTGGCGGCCAATGTGGTGCCGGGTCTGAATCTGGGTGCCGGCGACCCCATGAGCGGATTGCGGCAGGCCGTCGCCGCTCGGCATGGCTTTGCGCAGGACGTCGCCAATGTCGGCTTCGCCGGTGACGCGGGCGCGGGGGTGGCAAGCGTCATCACGACCGATGTCGGTGCGGGCCTGGCTAGCGGACTGGGTGCTGGGTTCCTGGGTCAGGGTGGCCTGGCTCTCGCCGCGTCAAGCGGTGGTTTCGGCGGTCAGGTCGGCTTGGCTGCCCAGGTCGGTCTGGGTTTTACTGCCGTGATTGAGGCCGAGGTCGGCGCTCAGGTTGGTGCTGGGTTAGGTATTGGGACGGGTCTGGGTGCTCAGGCCGGTATGGGCTTTGGCGGCGGGGTTGGCCTGGGTCTGGGTGGTCAGGCCGGCGGTGTGATCGGTGGGAGCGCGGCCGGGGCTATCGGTGCCGGCGTCGGCGGTCGCCTAGGCGGCAATGGCCAGATCGGAGTTGCCGGCCAGGGTGCCGTTGGCGCTGGTGTCGGCGCTGGTGTCGGCGGCCAGGCGGGCATCGCTAGCCAGATCGGTGTCTCAGCCGGTGGTGGGCTCGGCGGCGTCGGCAATGTCAGCGGCCTGACCGGGGTCAGCAGCAACGCAGTGTTGGCTTCCAACGCAAGCGGCCAGGCGGGGTTGATCGCCAGTGAAGGCGCTGCCTTGAACGGCGCTGCTATGCCTCATCTGTCGGGCCCGTTAGCCGGTGTCGGTGTGGGTGGTCAGGCCGGCGCCGCTGGCGGCGCCGGGTTGGGCTTCGGAGCGGTCGGGCACCCGACTCCTCAGCCGGCGGCCCTGGGCGCGGCTGGCGTGGTGGCCAAGACCGAGGCGGCTGCTGGAGTGGTTGGCGGGGTCGGCGGGGCAACCGCGGCCGGGGTCGGCGGGGCACACGGCGACATCCTGGGCCACGAGGGAGCCGCACTGGGCAGTGTCGACACGGTCAACGCCGGTGTCACGCCCGTCGAGCATGGCTTGGTCCTGCCCAGTGGCCCCCTGATCCACGGCGGTACCGGCGGCTATGGCGGCATGAACCCGCCAGTGACCGATGCGCCGGCACCGCAAGTTCCGGCGCGGGCCCAGCCGATGACCACGGCGGCCGAGCACACGCCGGCGGTTACCCAACCGCAGCACACGCCGGTCGAGCCGCCGGTCCACGATAAGCCGCCGAGCCATTCGGTGTTTGACGTCGGTCACGAGCCGCCGGTGACGCACACGCCGCCGGCGCCCATCGAACTGCCGTCGTACGGCCTTTTCGGACTACCCGGGTTCTGA", "fmax": "410801", "accession": "AL123456.3", "fmin": "409361", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "83332", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CCP43071.1", "sequence": "MTSLIDYILSLFRSEDAARSFVAAPGRAMTSAGLIDIAPHQISSVAANVVPGLNLGAGDPMSGLRQAVAARHGFAQDVANVGFAGDAGAGVASVITTDVGAGLASGLGAGFLGQGGLALAASSGGFGGQVGLAAQVGLGFTAVIEAEVGAQVGAGLGIGTGLGAQAGMGFGGGVGLGLGGQAGGVIGGSAAGAIGAGVGGRLGGNGQIGVAGQGAVGAGVGAGVGGQAGIASQIGVSAGGGLGGVGNVSGLTGVSSNAVLASNASGQAGLIASEGAALNGAAMPHLSGPLAGVGVGGQAGAAGGAGLGFGAVGHPTPQPAALGAAGVVAKTEAAAGVVGGVGGATAAGVGGAHGDILGHEGAALGSVDTVNAGVTPVEHGLVLPSGPLIHGGTGGYGGMNPPVTDAPAPQVPARAQPMTTAAEHTPAVTQPQHTPVEPPVHDKPPSHSVFDVGHEPPVTHTPPAPIELPSYGLFGLPGF"}}}}}}}, "2833": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "2832": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5510": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGATACCCACCACGTACATACCGCCCGCCTGGTTCATACCGCCGATCTCGACGGCGAGACTCTCCGGCGCCTCCAGCAGATGGTCACCGACGCTTTCGCCGGAGACTTCGACGAGACCGACTGGGAACACGCATTGGGCGGGATGCACGCCCTGATCTGGCGGCACGGCACAATCATTGCGCACGCCGCGGTCGTTCAGCGGCGACTATTCTACCACGGCAACGCGTTGCGTTGCGGTTACCTCGAAGGTGTCGCGGTACGGAAGGACTGCCGGGGCCGCGGACTTGTACATGCGCTGCTGGACGCTATCGAGCAAGTGATACGCGGCGCCTATCAATTCGGTGCCTTGAGTTCCTCGGACCGAGCCCGTCGGGTGTATATGTCGCGCGGGTGGTTACCATGGCTCGGCCCGACGTCAGTGCTGGCTCCTACCGGTGTGATCCGTACGCCCGATGATGACGGCTCGGTGTTTGTCCTTCCGGTCGGCATCAACCCGGACACCTCCTCGGGGTTGATGTGCGATTGGCGCGCAGGCAACGTGTGGTAA", "fmax": "40740", "accession": "AL583926.1", "fmin": "40191", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium leprae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1769", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40074"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAC32082.1", "sequence": "MDTHHVHTARLVHTADLDGETLRRLQQMVTDAFAGDFDETDWEHALGGMHALIWRHGTIIAHAAVVQRRLFYHGNALRCGYLEGVAVRKDCRGRGLVHALLDAIEQVIRGAYQFGALSSSDRARRVYMSRGWLPWLGPTSVLAPTGVIRTPDDDGSVFVLPVGINPDTSSGLMCDWRAGNVW"}}}}}}}, "1437": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1434": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "1435": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2279": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5223": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAGAAAAATTAATGCAAGCCTATGCCTGGTTTCAAAAAAATAGTACCGTCGTAAAAATCGTTTTTATTACTTTTGTGATGGCTTTTGTTATTTTTGAAATTATTAATATTGCGACGGGGATTGACTATCCGTCGCTAAAAGAAAATTTAACTTCTCAAAGCCCGGAACAAATATTTATTATGTTTATCGTGGGCTTAATTGCTGTCACTCCAATGCTTTTGTATGATTATGTCATCGTTAAGTTGTTACCTGGAAAGTTTTCGCCAAGTCATGTGATTGCCTCTGGTTGGATTACGAATACCTTTACTAATATTGGCGGTTTTGGTGGCGTATTAGGTGCCAGTTTAAGAGCAAGTTTTTATGGGAAAAATGCATCTCATAAGGAAATTTTACTAGCTATTTCTAAGATTGCTTTATTTTTAGTATCTGGTTTATCGATTTACTGTTTAGTATCATTAGCCACTTTACTCATTCCAGGATTTGCAGATCATTTTGTTAATTACTGGCCATGGCTTCTTGCGGGTGGTCTTTACTTCCCGATTTTATTTACTATTACGAAATGGAAAAGTAAGTCACTCTTTGTTGATTTACCTATCAAAAGAGAATTAACGTTAATTATCGCTTCTCTTTTGGAGTGGGGCTTCGCTTTTGGATGTTTCGCGATTATCGGTACATTGATGGGAGAACCAGTCGATATTTTCAAAGTGTTCCCGTTATTTGTTATTGCTTCGGTAATTGGGATTGCTTCGATGGTACCTGGTGGAGTAGGGACATTTGACGTCGTGATGATTCTTGGACTTAGCCAATTAGGTGTTTCTCAAGAATTAGCGCTCGCTTGGATGCTATTTTACCGAATTTTCTACTATATTATTCCTTTTGTAGTGGGACTACTTTTCTTCGTCCAAAAAGCTGGTAAAAAAGTAAATGACTTTTTAGAAGGATTACCGTTATTATTCTTACAAAAAGTGGCCCATCGCTTCTTAGTTATTTTTGTTTACGGCTCTGGGTTATTGTTAATTTTGTCTTCCGCCGTACCAAACGCTATTTACCATGTGCCATTCTTATACAAAATTATGCCGTTTAATTTCTTATTCACTTCCCAAATTACCATTGTTGCATTTGGCTTTTTACTACTGGGGCTTGCGAGAGGGATTGAATGTAAAACAAAGAAAGCGTATATTATTACAGTAATTGTTCTAGGTTGCGCGATTTTCAACACACTTGCTCGCGTATTTTCGATGAAGCAGGCAATCTTTTTAGGAATTGTGCTGTTATGTTTATTCTTAGCTCGAAACGAATTTTACCGAGAAAAACTGGTTTATACTTGGAGTAAAGTAATTATTGATAGCATTATTTTCATCGTATGTCTGGCAGGTTACATTGTTATCGGTATTTACAACTCACCAAATATCAAACACTCCAAAGAAATCCCTGACTATTTACGCATTGCCTCAGAGCATTTATGGTTAGTCGGCTTCGTTGGCGTATTTATCGCCGTTGTTAGTTTAGTCATTATTTACATTTATTTATCCACAACAAAAGAAAAACTTGGCTCTCCATTTGAAGCAGTCAAAGTACGCGAACATTTAGCGAAATGGGGCGGAAATGAAGTCAGTCATACGATGTTCTTACGTGATAAACTGCTATTTTGGGCAGCAGAGGGGGAAGTACTTTTCTCTTACCGAATCATTGCGGACAAAATGGTCATCATGGGCGAACCAACTGGGAACATGGACAAAATGGAAGCAGCGATTGAAGAGGTAATGATGAACGCTGATAGATTTGGCTATCGACCTGTTTTCTATGAAGTCCGGGGCACGATGATTCCATATTTACATGATCACGGATTTGACTTTATCAAGCTTGGCGAGGAAGGTTTTGTCGACGTCCAAAACTTTACAATGAGTGGTAAAAAGAAAAAAGGTGAGCGAGCTCTCATGAATAAATTAGAACGAGAAGGTTATACTTTTGAAATAATAGAACCACCATTCAATCACGACACTTGGACAACTTTACGAGCAGTTTCTGATGAGTGGCTAGATGGTAGGGAAGAAAAAGGTTTCTCATTAGGATTCTTCGATACGTATTATCTCGAACAAGCTCCGATTGCTATCGCTAAAAACGGAGAAGGTACTATCGTTGGATTTGCTTCGATGATGCCGTCATATACAGACGAAATGACTTCGATTGATTTAATGCGTTACTCCAAAGAAGCGCCATCAGGTATTATGGATTTCCTTTTCATTAACCTATTCGAAAAAGCCAAAGAAGATGGCTTCCAAACATTTAATGCCGGTATGGCACCACTTGCCAATGTTGGGGAAAGTAAATATGCTTTCCTAGGTGAACGATTAGCCGGACTTGTATACCGTTATAGTCAAGGTTTTTACGGTTTCAAAGGATTACGTAATTTTAAATCCAAATATGTTACAGAATGGGAACAAAAATTTGTTGCCTTTAGAAAAAGAAGTTCCATTGCTTTCACCATGTTACAATTAATGATTCTTGTTGGTAAAAAACGACCACTTGCAAATAGCCAAGTAGTCCTTGATTTCCCACTCGAAGAAGAAACAAAAAAACCAGATTCTGAGTAA", "fmax": "8291", "accession": "AL591981.1", "fmin": "5693", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "169963", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40443"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAC99773.1", "sequence": "MKEKLMQAYAWFQKNSTVVKIVFITFVMAFVIFEIINIATGIDYPSLKENLTSQSPEQIFIMFIVGLIAVTPMLLYDYVIVKLLPGKFSPSHVIASGWITNTFTNIGGFGGVLGASLRASFYGKNASHKEILLAISKIALFLVSGLSIYCLVSLATLLIPGFADHFVNYWPWLLAGGLYFPILFTITKWKSKSLFVDLPIKRELTLIIASLLEWGFAFGCFAIIGTLMGEPVDIFKVFPLFVIASVIGIASMVPGGVGTFDVVMILGLSQLGVSQELALAWMLFYRIFYYIIPFVVGLLFFVQKAGKKVNDFLEGLPLLFLQKVAHRFLVIFVYGSGLLLILSSAVPNAIYHVPFLYKIMPFNFLFTSQITIVAFGFLLLGLARGIECKTKKAYIITVIVLGCAIFNTLARVFSMKQAIFLGIVLLCLFLARNEFYREKLVYTWSKVIIDSIIFIVCLAGYIVIGIYNSPNIKHSKEIPDYLRIASEHLWLVGFVGVFIAVVSLVIIYIYLSTTKEKLGSPFEAVKVREHLAKWGGNEVSHTMFLRDKLLFWAAEGEVLFSYRIIADKMVIMGEPTGNMDKMEAAIEEVMMNADRFGYRPVFYEVRGTMIPYLHDHGFDFIKLGEEGFVDVQNFTMSGKKKKGERALMNKLEREGYTFEIIEPPFNHDTWTTLRAVSDEWLDGREEKGFSLGFFDTYYLEQAPIAIAKNGEGTIVGFASMMPSYTDEMTSIDLMRYSKEAPSGIMDFLFINLFEKAKEDGFQTFNAGMAPLANVGESKYAFLGERLAGLVYRYSQGFYGFKGLRNFKSKYVTEWEQKFVAFRKRSSIAFTMLQLMILVGKKRPLANSQVVLDFPLEEETKKPDSE"}}}}}}}, "2278": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5227": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGAGCGAAACCACCAATTCCCACGTGTATCCCAAGGCGAACGAGGGCGGCGAGACCGCCAGCGTCGCGCCGAACCCGAGTTTCCCCAACATGGAGGAAACCGTCCTGAAGTATTGGGACAAGGACGACACCTTCAACAAGTCCGTTGAACGCAACCCTTCCGGCGACCATAGTCAGAACGAGTTCGTGTTCTTCGACGGCCCGCCGTTCGCGAACGGCCTGCCGCACTACGGCCACCTGCTGACCGGTTACGCGAAGGACGTGATCCCGCGCTACCAGACCATGAAGGGCCGCAAGGTCAACCGCGTGTTCGGCTGGGACACGCACGGTCTGCCCGCCGAGCTGGAGGCGCAGAAGGAGCTCGGCATCGACTCGGTCGACCAGATCGAGAAGATGGGCATCGACAAGTTCAATGACGCCTGCCGCGCCTCCGTCCTGAAGTACACGCACGAATGGCAGGATTACGTGCATCGTCAGGCCCGCTGGGTCGACTTCGAGCACGGGTACAAGACGCTGAACATCCCGTATATGGAGTCGGTGATGTGGGCGTTCAAGCAGCTGTACGAGAAGGGCCTGGCGTACCAGGGCTACCGCGTGCTGCCGTACTGCCCGAAGGATCAGACGCCGCTTTCGGCGCACGAGCTGCGCATGGACGCCGACGTGTATCAGGATCGTCAGGACACCACCGTGTCGGTGGCCGTGAAGCTGCGCGACGAGGAGGACGCCTACGCGGTCTTCTGGACCACCACGCCGTGGACCGTGCCCACTAACTTCGCGATCGTCGTCGGCGCTGACATCGACTATGTCGAGGTGCGCCCGACGCAGGGCAAGTACGCCGGCAAGAAGTTCTACTTCGGCAAGCCCCTGCTCTCCAAGTACGAGAAGGAGCTCGGCGAGGATTACGAGGTCGTGCGCGAGCTCAAGGGCTCCGAGATGGCCGGTTGGCGTTACTGGCCGGTGTTCCCGTACTTCGCTGGCGACAAAGCCGAGTCTGAGGGCAACGTGCCGGGGCCCGAAGGCTACCAAATCTTTACCGCGGACTACGTAGACACCGTCGAGGGTACCGGCCTGGTTCACCAGGCTCCCTATGGTGAGGACGATATGAACACGCTGAACGCGCACGGCATCAAGAGCACTGACGTGCTCGACGCCGGCTGCCGCTTCACCGCGCAGTGCCCCGATTACGAGGGCATGTACGTGTTCGACGCGAACAAGCCGATCCTGCGCAACCTGCGCAACGGAGACGGCCCGCTGGCCGAGATCCCGGCCGAGCATCGCGCGATCCTGTTCCAGGAGAAGAGCTATGTGCACTCCTACCCGCATTGCTGGCGTTGCGCCACGCCGCTGATCTACAAGCCTGTGAGCTCATGGTTCGTGTCGGTGACGAAGATCAAGCCGCGCCTGTTGGAGCTCAACCAGCAGATCAACTGGATTCCTGAGAATGTCAAGGATGGTCAGTTCGGTAAGTGGCTCGCCAACGCGCGCGACTGGTCGATCTCCCGCAACCGCTTCTGGGGTTCGCCGATCCCGGTGTGGGTGAGCGATGACCCGAAGTACCCGCGCGTCGACGTGTACGGTTCGTTGGAGGAGCTCAAGGCCGACTTCGGCGACTACCCGCGCGACAAGGACGGCAACGTCAACATGCACCGTCCGTGGATCGACAACCTCACGCGCGTCAACCCGGACGACCCGACCGGCAAGAGCCACATGCACCGTATCAGCGACGTGCTCGACTGCTGGTTCGAATCCGGTTCGATGTCGTTCGCGCAGTTCCACTACCCGTTCGAGAACAAGGAGAAGTTCGAGCAGCACTTCCCGGCCGACTACATTGTCGAATACATCGGCCAGACCCGCGGCTGGTTCTACCTGCTGCACGTGATGGCCACCGCGCTGTTCGACCGCCCGGCGTTCAAGAACGTGATCTGCCACGGCATCGTGCTCGGTTCCGACGGCCAGAAGATGTCGAAGCACCTGCGCAACTACCCGGACGTGAACGGCGTGTTCGACAAGTACGGTTCCGACGCCATGCGCTGGTTCCTTATGTCGTCGCCGATCCTGCGCGGCGGCAACCTCATTGTTACCGCTGAGGGCATCCGCGACACCGTGCGCCAGGTCATGCTGCCGGTGTGGAGCTCCTACTACTTCTTCACGCTGTATGCGAACGCGGCCAATGGCGGGGCCGGCTTCGACGCCCGTCAGCTGCGCGCGGACGAGGTGGCGGGTCTGCCTGAGATGGATCGTTACCTGCTGGCCCGCACCCGCAGGCTCGTAGAGCGTGTAGAGAAGTCGCTCGACGAGTTCGCGATTTCTGACGCGTGCGATGCGGCGAGTGACTTCATCGACGTGCTCACCAACTGGTACATCCGCAACACCCGTGATCGCTTCTGGAAGGAGGACGTGAATGCGTTCAACACGCTGTACACCGTGCTTGAGGTGTTCATGCGCGTTCTCGCGCCGCTCGCCCCGATGGAGTCCGAATCCGTGTGGCGTGGCCTGACCGGCGGCGAATCCGTGCATCTGGCCGATTGGCCGTACGTCGCGGACGAGAAGACCGGTGAGGCGACCGAGCTTGGCCGTGTGCTGGTCGACGACCCGGCACTGGTGGACGCGATGGAGAAGGTGCGCGAGATCGTCTCCGGCGCTCTGTCGTTGCGCAAGGCCGCCCAGATCCGTGTGCGCCAGCCGCTCGCCAAGCTCACCGTCGTGGTCGAGGATGTGGATGCCGTCAAGGCGTACGACGAAATTCTCAAGTCAGAGCTTAATATAAAGGATATTGAGTTCTGCACGATGGAGGATGCCGGTTCGCAGGGGCTGAAGATCGTGCACGAGCTGAAGGTCAACGCCCGCGCCGCCGGCCCGCGCCTCGGCAAGCAGGTCCAGTTCGCCATCAAGGCGTCCAAGACCGGTGCCTGGCATGTCGATGCCGCGACCGGTGCTCCGGTCGTCGAGACGCCGAACGGCGAGGTTGCGCTGGAGGCTGGCGAATACGAGCTAATCAACCGCGTGGAGGAGGAGAACGCCGCCGAGGCCGACGCTTCCGTGTCGGCCGCTCTGCCTACCGGCGGTTTCGTGATTCTCGATACCGTGCTGACCGCCGACCTGGAGGCCGAGGGCTACGCCCGCGACGTGATTCGCGCCGTGCAGGACGCCCGCAAGGCCGCCGACCTGGACATCGCCGATCGCATCGCCCTGGTGCTGACCGTGCCGTCCGCCAATGTGGCCGATGTCGAGCGGTTCCGCGATCTGATCGCCCATGAGACGCTGGCCACCTCCTTCGCGGTGAAGGAAGGTGCCGAGCTGGGCGTGGAGGTCGCCAAGGCGTGA", "fmax": "1613960", "accession": "CP001840.1", "fmin": "1610636", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "702459", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40437"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ADP36409.1", "sequence": "MSETTNSHVYPKANEGGETASVAPNPSFPNMEETVLKYWDKDDTFNKSVERNPSGDHSQNEFVFFDGPPFANGLPHYGHLLTGYAKDVIPRYQTMKGRKVNRVFGWDTHGLPAELEAQKELGIDSVDQIEKMGIDKFNDACRASVLKYTHEWQDYVHRQARWVDFEHGYKTLNIPYMESVMWAFKQLYEKGLAYQGYRVLPYCPKDQTPLSAHELRMDADVYQDRQDTTVSVAVKLRDEEDAYAVFWTTTPWTVPTNFAIVVGADIDYVEVRPTQGKYAGKKFYFGKPLLSKYEKELGEDYEVVRELKGSEMAGWRYWPVFPYFAGDKAESEGNVPGPEGYQIFTADYVDTVEGTGLVHQAPYGEDDMNTLNAHGIKSTDVLDAGCRFTAQCPDYEGMYVFDANKPILRNLRNGDGPLAEIPAEHRAILFQEKSYVHSYPHCWRCATPLIYKPVSSWFVSVTKIKPRLLELNQQINWIPENVKDGQFGKWLANARDWSISRNRFWGSPIPVWVSDDPKYPRVDVYGSLEELKADFGDYPRDKDGNVNMHRPWIDNLTRVNPDDPTGKSHMHRISDVLDCWFESGSMSFAQFHYPFENKEKFEQHFPADYIVEYIGQTRGWFYLLHVMATALFDRPAFKNVICHGIVLGSDGQKMSKHLRNYPDVNGVFDKYGSDAMRWFLMSSPILRGGNLIVTAEGIRDTVRQVMLPVWSSYYFFTLYANAANGGAGFDARQLRADEVAGLPEMDRYLLARTRRLVERVEKSLDEFAISDACDAASDFIDVLTNWYIRNTRDRFWKEDVNAFNTLYTVLEVFMRVLAPLAPMESESVWRGLTGGESVHLADWPYVADEKTGEATELGRVLVDDPALVDAMEKVREIVSGALSLRKAAQIRVRQPLAKLTVVVEDVDAVKAYDEILKSELNIKDIEFCTMEDAGSQGLKIVHELKVNARAAGPRLGKQVQFAIKASKTGAWHVDAATGAPVVETPNGEVALEAGEYELINRVEEENAAEADASVSAALPTGGFVILDTVLTADLEAEGYARDVIRAVQDARKAADLDIADRIALVLTVPSANVADVERFRDLIAHETLATSFAVKEGAELGVEVAKA"}}}}}}}, "3014": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5347": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCAAGTTATCTGTATTCTTTATATTTTTGATTTGCAGCATTGCTACCGCAGCAGAGTCTTTGCCAGATTTAAAAATTGAAAAGCTTGAAGAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTAAAGAAGTTAACGGGTGGGGCGTTGTTCCTAAACATGGTTTGGTGGTTCTTGTAAATGCTGAGGCTTACCTAATTGACACTCCATTTACGGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAGTTAGTCACTTGGTTTGTGGAGCGTGGCTATAAAATAAAAGGCAGCATTTCCTCTCATTTTCATAGCGACAGCACGGGCGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCGATCTATCCCCACGTATGCATCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTGCTTAAAAAAGACGGTAAGGTTCAAGCCACAAATTCATTTAGCGGAGTTAACTATTGGCTAGTTAAAAATAAAATTGAAGTTTTTTATCCAGGCCCGGGACACACTCCAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTGCCTGAAAGGAAAATATTTTTCGGTGGTTGTTTTATTAAACCGTACGGTTTAGGCAAATTGGGTGACGCAAATATAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCCAAATTATTAAAGTCCAAATATGGTAAGGCAAAACTGGTTGTTCCAAGTCACAGTGAAGTTGGAGACGCATCACTCTTGAAACTTACATTAGAGCAGGCGGTTAAAGGGTTAAACGAAAGTAAAAAACCATCAAAACCAAGCAACTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "KU299753.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ALT07696.1", "sequence": "MSKLSVFFIFLICSIATAAESLPDLKIEKLEEGVYVHTSFKEVNGWGVVPKHGLVVLVNAEAYLIDTPFTAKDTEKLVTWFVERGYKIKGSISSHFHSDSTGGIEWLNSRSIPTYASELTNELLKKDGKVQATNSFSGVNYWLVKNKIEVFYPGPGHTPDNVVVWLPERKIFFGGCFIKPYGLGKLGDANIEAWPKSAKLLKSKYGKAKLVVPSHSEVGDASLLKLTLEQAVKGLNESKKPSKPSN"}}}}}}}, "3015": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5345": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTGTATTCTTCCTTTGCAACATTGCTGCTGCAGATGATTCTTTGCCTGATTTAAAAATTGAGAAGCTTGAAAAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTGAAGAAGTTAAAGGTTGGGGTGTAGTCACAAAACACGGTTTAGTGGTTCTTGTAAAGAATGATGCTTATCTGATAGATACTCCAATTACCGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAATTAGTTAATTGGTTTATTGAGCACGGCTATAGAATCAAAGGCAGTATTTCCACACATTTCCATGGCGACAGTACGGCTGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATCTCCACGTATGCCTCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTTCTAAAAAAAGACAATAAGGTGCAAGCTACAAATTCTTTTAGTGGAGTTAGTTATTCACTTATCAAAAACAAAATTGAAGTTTTCTATCCAGGTCCAGGACACACTCAAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTACCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTCGGTGGTTGCTTTGTTAAACCGGACGGTCTTGGAAATTTAGGGGATGCAAATTTAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCTAAAATATTAATGTCTAAATATGGTAAAGCAAAACTGGTTGTTTCAGGTCATAGTGAAATTGGAAACGCATCACTCTTGCAGCGCACATGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAAGGGTTAAATGAAAGTAAAAAACCGTTACAGCCAAGTAGCTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "KU315553.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ALT53802.1", "sequence": "MKKLFVLCVFFLCNIAAADDSLPDLKIEKLEKGVYVHTSFEEVKGWGVVTKHGLVVLVKNDAYLIDTPITAKDTEKLVNWFIEHGYRIKGSISTHFHGDSTAGIEWLNSQSISTYASELTNELLKKDNKVQATNSFSGVSYSLIKNKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFVKPDGLGNLGDANLEAWPKSAKILMSKYGKAKLVVSGHSEIGNASLLQRTWEQAVKGLNESKKPLQPSS"}}}}}}}, "2794": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}}}, "1006": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "TetV is a tetracycline efflux protein that has been found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum.", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"4742": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MC2 155"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1005": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}}}}}, "2148": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5255": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAACGATTCTAATAAAGAAAATAAATACACCGCTGAAAGTATTAAAGTACTTGAAGGATTAGAAGCGGTACGAAAACGTCCTGGTATGTATATTGGTTCAACTCAATCAGAAGGTTTGCACCATATGATTTGAGAAATTGTTGATAACTCAATCGATGAAGCAATGGGTGGTTTTGCAACAGTTGTTAAAGTTATTATAAAAAAAGATGGAGTAATACGAGTTGAAGATGATGGACGTGGAATTCCAGTTGGAATTCATGAAAAAACTGGTTTATCAGGTGTTGAAACTGTATTAACTGTGTTGCATGCTGGAGGTAAATTTGATAATGATAGTTACAAAGTCTCTGGTGGATTACATGGTGTTGGTGCATCTGTTGTTAATGCTTTAAGTAAAAACTTTAAAGTTTGAGTTAATAAAAATTATGTTCAACATTACGTTGAATTTATTAATGGTGGACATGCTATTGAACCATTAAAAATAATTAACGACAAAGATATCAAAGAAAAAGGAACAACAATTGAGTTTATTCCTGACTTTGAAATCATGGAAGAAAATGAATGAGATGAGCTAAAAATAATGGCTCGTTTAAAACAATTAGCTTACCTTAATAAAGGTGTTAATATCGAATTTGAATCAGAAATGACTAATCGTAAAGAAAAATGACATTACGAAGGTGGTTTAAAAGAGTATATAGCTGATTTAAACGCTGAAAAAGAACCATTATTTGATGCTATTGTTTACGGTGAAGAAGAAAAAGAAGTTAAAGTTCCAGGTCACAATGATCAAACTTATAACATTAAATGTGAAGTAGCATTTCAATACAATAATTCGTACAACAATTCAACACACTCATTCTGTAATAACATTAATACTACAGAAGGTGGAACACACGAAGAAGGTTTTAAATTAGCGATTACACGTTTATTAAACAAATATGCAATCGATAAAAAGTATTTAAAAGACACTGATGATAAAATCACTAAAGAAGACGTGAGCGAAGGGTTAACAGCGATTATTTCTATTAAGCACCCTAACCCTCAATATGAAGGTCAAACAAAGAAAAAATTAGGAAATAGTGAAGTTCGTCCTTATGTTAATGAAATTACTTCTATAATTTTCGAAAAATTCTTAAATGAAAATCCAGAAGAATCAAAAAAAATTGTTGCTAAAGTTATGCAAGCCGCTGAGGCACGTCGTCGTTCTCATGAAGCGCGTGAAGCTACAAGACGAAAATCACCATTTGAATCAAATTCATTACCAGGTAAATTAGCTGATTGTTCAAATCGTGATTCAAGTGTTACAGAAATTTATATTGTCGAAGGGGATTCAGCTGGTGGATCAGCAAAAACTGGTCGTGAACGTGAATTCCAAGCAATTTTACCATTGCGTGGAAAAATTATTAATGTTGAAAAAGCAAAAATTGACAAGATTTTCGCTAATGAAGAAATTCAAAACATGATTACTGCTTTTGGAGCAGGAATAGGGCCTGAATTTAATATTGAAAAATTAAGATATTCAAAAATTATTATTATGACCGATGCCGATGTCGATGGTAGCCATATTCGAATCTTGTTATTAACATTCTTTTATCGATACATGTTACCATTGATTCAAAATGGTAATGTTTATATTGCTCAACCACCACTTTATAAAGTGAGTTATGGTAAAACAATTAAATATGCATATTCTGATCAAGAATTAGAAAAAATTAAATCAACATTGTTGAATACAAAATATAACATTCAACGTTATAAAGGGTTAGGGGAGATGAATCCTGATCAATTATGAGAAACAACAATGGATCCTAAAAATCGTCTTTTATTAAAAGTTAATATTGAAGATGCGGCAATCGCTGATAAAACATTTTCTTTATTAATGGGTGATGATGTAACACCACGAAAAGAATTTATTGAAAAAAATGCAAAATATGTAAAGAATATTGATGCTTAA", "fmax": "106236", "accession": "CP001184.1", "fmin": "104283", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Ureaplasma urealyticum serovar 10 str. ATCC 33699", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "565575", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40301"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACI60160.1", "sequence": "MNDSNKENKYTAESIKVLEGLEAVRKRPGMYIGSTQSEGLHHMIWEIVDNSIDEAMGGFATVVKVIIKKDGVIRVEDDGRGIPVGIHEKTGLSGVETVLTVLHAGGKFDNDSYKVSGGLHGVGASVVNALSKNFKVWVNKNYVQHYVEFINGGHAIEPLKIINDKDIKEKGTTIEFIPDFEIMEENEWDELKIMARLKQLAYLNKGVNIEFESEMTNRKEKWHYEGGLKEYIADLNAEKEPLFDAIVYGEEEKEVKVPGHNDQTYNIKCEVAFQYNNSYNNSTHSFCNNINTTEGGTHEEGFKLAITRLLNKYAIDKKYLKDTDDKITKEDVSEGLTAIISIKHPNPQYEGQTKKKLGNSEVRPYVNEITSIIFEKFLNENPEESKKIVAKVMQAAEARRRSHEAREATRRKSPFESNSLPGKLADCSNRDSSVTEIYIVEGDSAGGSAKTGREREFQAILPLRGKIINVEKAKIDKIFANEEIQNMITAFGAGIGPEFNIEKLRYSKIIIMTDADVDGSHIRILLLTFFYRYMLPLIQNGNVYIAQPPLYKVSYGKTIKYAYSDQELEKIKSTLLNTKYNIQRYKGLGEMNPDQLWETTMDPKNRLLLKVNIEDAAIADKTFSLLMGDDVTPRKEFIEKNAKYVKNIDA"}}}}}, "model_name": "Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone"}}, "2370": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5437": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATCGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGCAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAGGTTGTGGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCATTTGGTTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCCCGGCCCACTCGATGCCCCTGCATATGGCGCCCCTGCATATGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGACATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTTAACCCACAGAAATATCCGGCTGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGGTTCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAGGCACTCGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAGGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACCAACGGTTTCGGAACATATGTAGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGGATGCAATAAAGAAATAA", "fmax": "1167", "accession": "KP881241.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ALA14816.1", "sequence": "MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNRSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWQPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPALGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGAPAYGVKSTLPDMLSFIHANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVNTMYQALGWEEFSYPATLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMYHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLDAIKK"}}}}}}}, "514": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5592": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTTATGTTCGCCTGTGTGTTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACCCTGCCACTGGCGGTAGACGCCGGTCCACAGCCGCTTGAGCAGATTAAACAAAGCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGCCGCGTGGGGATGGTGGAAATGGATCTGGCCAGCGGCCGCACGCTGGCGGCCTGGCGCGCCGATGAACGCTTTCCCATGGTGAGCACCTTTAAAGTGCTGCTGTGCGGCGCGGTGCTGGCGCGGGTGGATGCCGGGCTCGAACAACTGGATCGGCGGATCCACTACCGCCAGCAGGATCTGGTGGACTACTCCCCGGTCAGCGAAAAACACCTTACCGACGGGATGACGATCGGCGAACTCTGCGCCGCCGCCATCACCCTGAGCGATAACAGCGCTGGCAATCTGCTGCTGGCCACCGTCGGCGGCCCCGCGGGATTAACTGCCTTTCTGCGCCAGATCGGTGACAACGTCACCCGTCTTGACCGCTGGGAAACGGCACTGAATGAGGCGCTTCCCGGCGACGCGCGCGACACCACCACCCCGGCCAGCATGGCCGCCACGCTGCGCAAACTACTGACCGCGCAGCATCTGAGCGCCCGTTCGCAACAGCAACTCCTGCAGTGGATGGTGGACGATCGGGTTGCCGGCCCGCTGATCCGCGCCGTGCTGCCGCCGGGCTGGTTTATCGCCGACAAAACCGGGGCTGGCGAACGGGGTGCGCGCGGCATTGTCGCCCTGCTCGGCCCGGACGGCAAACCGGAGCGCATTGTGGTGCTCTATCTGCGGGATACCCCGGCGAGTATGGCCGAGCGTAATCAACATATCGCCGGGATCGGCGCAGCGCTGATCGAGCACTGGCAACGCTAA", "fmax": "4256", "accession": "CBBA010000184.1", "fmin": "3395", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella variicola CAG:634", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1263083", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42760"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CDA01504.1", "sequence": "MRYVRLCVISLLATLPLAVDAGPQPLEQIKQSESQLSGRVGMVEMDLASGRTLAAWRADERFPMVSTFKVLLCGAVLARVDAGLEQLDRRIHYRQQDLVDYSPVSEKHLTDGMTIGELCAAAITLSDNSAGNLLLATVGGPAGLTAFLRQIGDNVTRLDRWETALNEALPGDARDTTTPASMAATLRKLLTAQHLSARSQQQLLQWMVDDRVAGPLIRAVLPPGWFIADKTGAGERGARGIVALLGPDGKPERIVVLYLRDTPASMAERNQHIAGIGAALIEHWQR"}}}}}}}, "1001": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"snp": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["2204"], "$insert": {"8711": "F57S"}}, "clinical": {"$delete": ["2204"], "$insert": {"8711": "F57S"}}}}}}}}, "458": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1226": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "621": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37024": {"category_aro_name": "patricin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37024", "category_aro_accession": "3000680", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic."}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "500"}}}}}}, "627": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5493": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGTTTACTCCTATACCGAGAAAAAACGTATTCGTAAGGATTTTGGTAAACGTCCACAAGTTCTGGATGTACCTTATCTCCTTTCTATCCAGCTTGACTCGTTTCAGAAATTTATCGAGCAAGATCCTGAAGGGCAGTATGGTCTGGAAGCTGCTTTCCGTTCCGTATTCCCGATTCAGAGCTACAGCGGTAATTCCGAGCTGCAATACGTCAGCTACCGCCTTGGCGAACCGGTGTTTGACGTCCAGGAATGTCAAATCCGTGGCGTGACCTATTCCGCACCGCTGCGCGTTAAACTGCGTCTGGTGATCTATGAGCGCGAAGCGCCGGAAGGCACCGTAAAAGACATTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTACATGGGCGAAATTCCGCTCATGACAGACAACGGTACCTTTGTTATCAACGGTACTGAGCGTGTTATCGTTTCCCAGCTGCACCGTAGTCCGGGCGTCTTCTTTGACTCCGACAAAGGTAAAACCCACTCTTCGGGTAAAGTGCTGTATAACGCGCGCATCATCCCTTACCGTGGTTCCTGGCTGGACTTCGAATTCGATCCGAAGGACAACCTGTTCGTACGTATCGACCGTCGCCGTAAACTGCCTGCGACCATCATTCTGCGTGCCCTGAACTACACCACAGAGCAGATCCTCGACCTGTTCTTTGAAAAAGTTATCTTTGAAATCCGTGATAACAAGCTGCAGATGGAACTGGTGCCGGAACGCCTGCGTGGTGAAACCGCATCCTTTGACATCGAAGCTAACGGTAAAGTGTACGTAGAAAAAGGCCGCCGTATCACTGCGCGCCACATTCGCCAGCTGGAAAAAGACGACGTCAAACTGATCGAAGTCCCGGTTGAGTACATCGCAGGTAAAGTGGTTGCTAAAGACTATATTGATGAGTCTACCGGCGAGCTGATCTGCGCAGCGAACATGGAGCTGAGCCTGGATCTGCTGGCTAAGCTGAGCCAGTCTGGTCACAAGCGTATCGAAACGCTGTTCACCAATGATCTGGATCACGGCCCGTATATCTCTGAAACCTTACGTGTCGACCCAACTAACGACCGTCTGAGCGCACTGGTAGAAATCTACCGCATGATGCGCCCTGGCGAGCCGCCGACTCGTGAAGCAGCGGAAAGCCTGTTCGAGAACCTGTTCTTCTCCGAAGACCGTTATGACCTGTCTGCGGTTGGTCGTATGAAGTTCAACCGTTCTCTGCTGCGCGAAGAAATCGAAGGTTCTGGTATCCTGAGCAAAGACGACATCATTGATGTTATGAAAAAGCTCATCGATATCCGTAACGGTAAAGGCGAAGTCGATGATATCGACCACCTCGGCAACCGTCGTATCCGTTCCGTTGGCGAAATGGCGGAAAACCAGTTCCGCGTTGGCCTGGTACGTGTAGAGCGTGCGGTGAAAGAGCGTCTGTCTCTGGGCGATCTGGATACCCTGATGCCTCAGGATATGATCAACGCCAAGCCGATTTCCGCAGCAGTGAAAGAGTTCTTCGGTTCCAGCCAGCTGTCTCAGTTTATGGACCAGAACAACCCGCTGTCTGAGATTACGCACAAACGTCGTATCTCCGCACTCGGCCCAGGCGGTCTGACCCGTGAACGTGCAGGCTTCGAAGTTCGAGACGTACACCCGACTCACTACGGTCGCGTATGTCCAATCGAAACCCCTGAAGGTCCGAACATCGGTCTGATCAACTCTCTGTCCGTGTACGCACAGACTAACGAATACGGCTTCCTTGAGACTCCGTATCGTAAAGTGACTGACGGTGTTGTAACTGACGAAATTCACTACCTGTCTGCTATCGAAGAAGGCAACTACGTTATCGCCCAGGCGAACTCCAACCTGGATGAAGAAGGCCACTTCGTAGAAGACCTGGTAACCTGCCGTAGCAAAGGCGAATCCAGCTTGTTCAGCCGTGACCAGGTTGACTACATGGACGTATCCACCCAGCAGGTGGTATCCGTCGGTGCGTCCCTGATCCCGTTCCTGGAACACGATGACGCCAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAGGCCGTTCCGACTCTGCGTGCTGATAAGCCGCTGGTTGGTACTGGTATGGAACGTGCTGTTGCCGTTGACTCCGGTGTAACTGCGGTTGCTAAACGTGGTGGTGTCGTTCAGTACGTGGATGCTTCCCGTATCGTTATCAAAGTTAACGAAGACGAGATGTATCCGGGTGAAGCAGGTATCGACATCTACAACCTGACCAAATACACCCGTTCTAACCAGAACACCTGTATTAACCAGATGCCGTGTGTGTCTCTGGGTGAACCGGTTGAACGTGGCGACGTGCTGGCAGACGGTCCGTCCACCGACCTCGGTGAACTGGCGCTTGGTCAGAACATGCGCGTAGCGTTCATGCCGTGGAATGGTTACAACTTCGAAGACTCCATCCTCGTATCCGAGCGTGTTGTTCAGGAAGACCGTTTCACCACCATCCACATTCAGGAACTGGCGTGTGTGTCCCGTGACACCAAGCTGGGGCCAGAAGAGATCACCGCTGACATCCCGAACGTGGGTGAAGCTGCGCTCTCCAAACTGGATGAATCCGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCGGAAGTGACCGGTGGCGACATTCTGGTTGGTAAGGTTACGCCGAAAGGTGAAACTCAGCTGACCCCAGAAGAAAAACTGCTGCGTGCGATCTTCGGTGAGAAAGCGTCTGACGTTAAAGACTCTTCTCTGCGCGTACCAAACGGTGTATCCGGTACGGTTATCGACGTTCAGGTCTTTACTCGCGATGGCGTAGAAAAAGACAAACGTGCGCTGGAAATCGAAGAAATGCAGCTCAAACAGGCGAAGAAAGACCTGTCTGAAGAACTGCAGATCCTCGAAGCGGGTCTGTTCAGCCGTATCCGTGCTGTGCTGGTAGCCGGTGGCGTTGAAGCTGAGAAGCTCGACAAATTGCCGCGCGATCGCTGGCTGGAGCTGGGCCTGACCGACGAAGAGAAACAAAATCAGCTGGAACAGCTGGCTGAGCAGTATGACGAACTGAAACACGAGTTCGAGAAGAAACTCGAAGCGAAACGCCGCAAAATCACCCAGGGCGACGATCTGGCACCGGGCGTGCTGAAGATTGTTAAGGTATATCTGGCGGTTAAACGCCGTATCCAGCCTGGTGACAAGATGGCAGGTCGTCACGGTAACAAGGGTGTAATTTCTAAGATCAACCCGATCGAAGATATGCCTTACGATGAAAACGGTACGCCGGTAGACATCGTACTGAACCCGCTGGGCGTACCGTCTCGTATGAACATCGGTCAGATCCTCGAAACCCACTTGGGTATGGCTGCGAAAGGTATCGGCGACAAGATCAACGCCATGCTGAAACAGCAGCAGGAAGTCGCGAAACTGCGTGAATTCATCCAGCGTGCGTACGATCTGGGCGCTGACGTTCGTCAGAAAGTTGACCTGAGTACCTTCAGCGATGAAGAAGTTATGCGTCTGGCTGAAAACCTGCGCAAAGGTATGCCAATCGCAACGCCGGTGTTCGACGGTGCGAAAGAAGCAGAAATTAAAGAGCTGCTGAAACTTGGCGACCTGCCGACTTCTGGTCAGATCCGCCTGTACGACGGCCGCACTGGTGAACAGTTCGAACGTCCGGTAACCGTTGGTTACATGTACATGCTGAAACTGAACCACCTGGTCGACGACAAGATGCACGCGCGTTCCACCGGTTCTTACAGCCTGGTTACTCAGCAGCCGCTGGGTGGTAAGGCACAGTTCGGTGGTCAGCGTTTCGGGGAGATGGAAGTGTGGGCGCTGGAAGCATACGGCGCAGCATACACCCTGCAGGAAATGCTCACCGTTAAGTCTGATGACGTGAACGGTCGTACTAAGATGTATAAAAACATCGTGGACGGCAACCATCAGATGGAGCCGGGCATGCCAGAATCCTTCAACGTATTGTTGAAAGAGATTCGTTCGCTGGGTATCAACATCGAACTGGAAGACGAGTAA", "fmax": "4994296", "accession": "BA000007.3", "fmin": "4990267", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "386585", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36747"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAB38333.1", "sequence": "MVYSYTEKKRIRKDFGKRPQVLDVPYLLSIQLDSFQKFIEQDPEGQYGLEAAFRSVFPIQSYSGNSELQYVSYRLGEPVFDVQECQIRGVTYSAPLRVKLRLVIYEREAPEGTVKDIKEQEVYMGEIPLMTDNGTFVINGTERVIVSQLHRSPGVFFDSDKGKTHSSGKVLYNARIIPYRGSWLDFEFDPKDNLFVRIDRRRKLPATIILRALNYTTEQILDLFFEKVIFEIRDNKLQMELVPERLRGETASFDIEANGKVYVEKGRRITARHIRQLEKDDVKLIEVPVEYIAGKVVAKDYIDESTGELICAANMELSLDLLAKLSQSGHKRIETLFTNDLDHGPYISETLRVDPTNDRLSALVEIYRMMRPGEPPTREAAESLFENLFFSEDRYDLSAVGRMKFNRSLLREEIEGSGILSKDDIIDVMKKLIDIRNGKGEVDDIDHLGNRRIRSVGEMAENQFRVGLVRVERAVKERLSLGDLDTLMPQDMINAKPISAAVKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQNNPLSEITHKRRISALGPGGLTRERAGFEVRDVHPTHYGRVCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSVYAQTNEYGFLETPYRKVTDGVVTDEIHYLSAIEEGNYVIAQANSNLDEEGHFVEDLVTCRSKGESSLFSRDQVDYMDVSTQQVVSVGASLIPFLEHDDANRALMGANMQRQAVPTLRADKPLVGTGMERAVAVDSGVTAVAKRGGVVQYVDASRIVIKVNEDEMYPGEAGIDIYNLTKYTRSNQNTCINQMPCVSLGEPVERGDVLADGPSTDLGELALGQNMRVAFMPWNGYNFEDSILVSERVVQEDRFTTIHIQELACVSRDTKLGPEEITADIPNVGEAALSKLDESGIVYIGAEVTGGDILVGKVTPKGETQLTPEEKLLRAIFGEKASDVKDSSLRVPNGVSGTVIDVQVFTRDGVEKDKRALEIEEMQLKQAKKDLSEELQILEAGLFSRIRAVLVAGGVEAEKLDKLPRDRWLELGLTDEEKQNQLEQLAEQYDELKHEFEKKLEAKRRKITQGDDLAPGVLKIVKVYLAVKRRIQPGDKMAGRHGNKGVISKINPIEDMPYDENGTPVDIVLNPLGVPSRMNIGQILETHLGMAAKGIGDKINAMLKQQQEVAKLREFIQRAYDLGADVRQKVDLSTFSDEEVMRLAENLRKGMPIATPVFDGAKEAEIKELLKLGDLPTSGQIRLYDGRTGEQFERPVTVGYMYMLKLNHLVDDKMHARSTGSYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEMLTVKSDDVNGRTKMYKNIVDGNHQMEPGMPESFNVLLKEIRSLGINIELEDE"}}}}}}}, "1222": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5386": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCTTACCGGTCTCAATCACCTGACCCTGGCGGTCGCCGACCTGCCGGCCAGCATCGCCTTCTACCGCGATCTTCTCGGCTTTCGCCTGGAAGCGCGCTGGGACCAGGGCGCCTATCTCGAACTGGGTTCGCTGTGGCTGTGCCTGTCCCGGGAGCCGCAGTACGGCGGGCCGGCCGCGGACTACACGCACTACGCCTTCGGCATCGCCGCCGCGGATTTCGCCCGCTTCGCCGCGCAGCTGCGCGCGCATGGCGTGCGCGAATGGAAGCAGAACCGCAGCGAGGGCGATTCGTTCTACTTCCTCGACCCGGACGGCCATCGCCTGGAGGCCCACGTCGGCGACCTGCGCAGCCGGCTCGCGGCGTGCCGGCAAGCGCCCTATGCGGGAATGCGTTTCGCCGACTAG", "fmax": "1222098", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "1221690", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG04518.1", "sequence": "MLTGLNHLTLAVADLPASIAFYRDLLGFRLEARWDQGAYLELGSLWLCLSREPQYGGPAADYTHYAFGIAAADFARFAAQLRAHGVREWKQNRSEGDSFYFLDPDGHRLEAHVGDLRSRLAACRQAPYAGMRFAD"}}}}}}}, "1340": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5457": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTATTTCGCTTCAGAAGCAGGTTTGGCTTCAGATGCCGTCTGAACGCCGGATTGAGGCGCGGCGGCTTGGTTTTCAGACGACGCCCATTCTTTGGGCGTTACCTTTTTCGCACCCGTTATACCGGCGATACTGATGCCTTCCACAACCACCTTGTCCCCGTCCTTCAGACCCGACGTAACAATCCAATTCGTACCCTGCTGTTGCGCAACCGTTACCTCGCGGGGTTCCATACCGCCTTGGGCATTCACAATCATCACGGTATCTTTCGCACCGCGCGTTACCGCCTGCTGCGGCACAACAAATGCGTTATCCACCGCCACTTGGTCCATCAGCACGCGCACATACAGACCGGGCATCAAGATATTCTGATCGTTCGGTACGGCGGCGCGCAGGGTAATCTGACCGGTCGATTCGTTGACGGCCGGATCGGCAAACAGCAGGCGGCCTTTTTCAGGGTAAACTGTGCCGTCGTCAAATTTGATGCCGACCGCAATCACACCATCCGCCGCCAGCAGTTTGCCTTCGGCTATCTGACGGCGCAATTTCATCACTTCGGATGCAGACTGGGTAACGTTCACATACATCGGATTGGTTTGGCGGATGGTCGCCAGTACGGTCGCATCGCCAGCGTTCAGCAACGTACCTTCGGAAACTTTGGACTGACCGATAAAGCCGGAAATCGGCGCGGTAATGCGCGAACGGTTCAGGCTGATGCCGGCGGATTTGATTGCCGCCTGCGCCGCTTTAACGCCTGCCTCGGCAGAACGTTTCGCCGTTACCGCAGCATCGTATTCCTGCCGGCTGACGGCTTCGGCGGCAACCAAAGGCTTGTATCGCGCCAAATCCGCATCCGCTTTGGCAAGCGTTGCCTGAGCCGTTGCCAGTTGCGCGCGCGCGCTTTCCAGACCTGCTTCATAAGTGGAACTGTCGATCTGATACAGCGGCTGTCCGGCACGGACATAACTGCCTTCTTGGAACAGGCGTTTTTGGATGATGCCGCCGACTTGGGCGCGGACATCGGCGGTACGCAGCGATTCCAAACGCCCCGGCAACTCGACGGTCAATGCGACGGTTTGCGGATGGACGGTTACGACACCGACGACGGGCGCAGGGGCTTCCCGACCAGCAGGCTGCCCGCCCTGCGCCGCGTCTCCGCCTTTACCGCAAGACGACAGTACCAATGCAACGGCGGCAGCCAACGCGGCCGCACGCATCGCCTTAAAAGCATAAAAAGCCAT", "fmax": "1796420", "accession": "AE002098.2", "fmin": "1795181", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria meningitidis MC58", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "122586", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39597"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAF42063.1", "sequence": "MAFYAFKAMRAAALAAAVALVLSSCGKGGDAAQGGQPAGREAPAPVVGVVTVHPQTVALTVELPGRLESLRTADVRAQVGGIIQKRLFQEGSYVRAGQPLYQIDSSTYEAGLESARAQLATAQATLAKADADLARYKPLVAAEAVSRQEYDAAVTAKRSAEAGVKAAQAAIKSAGISLNRSRITAPISGFIGQSKVSEGTLLNAGDATVLATIRQTNPMYVNVTQSASEVMKLRRQIAEGKLLAADGVIAVGIKFDDGTVYPEKGRLLFADPAVNESTGQITLRAAVPNDQNILMPGLYVRVLMDQVAVDNAFVVPQQAVTRGAKDTVMIVNAQGGMEPREVTVAQQQGTNWIVTSGLKDGDKVVVEGISIAGITGAKKVTPKEWASSENQAAAPQSGVQTASEAKPASEAK"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "453": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1344": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5354": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCAGAAACCCGTCCTGATCGCCAGTGCCGCGCTCATCTGCGCGGCGGTTATCGGCATCGCCGTCTACGCCACCGGCTCGGCGAAGAAAGACGCCGGCGGTTTCGCCGGCTACCCGCCGGTGAAGGTCGCCCTCGCCTCGGTGGAGCGGCGGGTGGTGCCGCGCGTCTTCGATGGCGTCGGCGAGCTGGAGGCCGGTCGCCAGGTCCAGGTGGCCGCCGAAGCGGCAGGACGGATCACCCGCATCGCCTTCGAATCGGGCCAGCAGGTGCAGCAAGGGCAGTTGCTGGTGCAACTCAACGACGCGGTGGAACAGGCCGAGCTGATCCGTCTCAAGGCGCAGTTGCGCAATGCCGAGATCCTCCATGCCCGTGCGCGCAAGCTGGTAGAGCGCAACGTCGCCTCGCAGGAACAGCTGGACAACGCCGTCGCCGCCCGCGACATGGCGCTCGGCGCGGTGCGCCAGACCCAGGCGCTGATCGACCAGAAGGCGATCCGCGCGCCCTTCTCCGGCCAGCTCGGCATCCGCCGCGTGCACCTCGGCCAGTACCTCGGCGTCGCCGAGCCGGTGGCCAGCCTGGTGGATGCGCGGACCCTGAAAAGCAATTTCTCCCTGGACGAAAGCACCAGTCCCGAGCTGAAGCTCGGCCAGCCCCTCGAGGTCCTGGTCGACGCCTATCCGGGGCGCAGCTTCCCGGCGCGCATCAGCGCCATCGACCCGCTGATCGGCAAGTCGCGCACGGTGCAGGTCCAGGCCTTGCTGGACAACCCCGAAGGCCTGCTCGCCGCCGGCATGTTCGCCAGCATCCGGGTCTCGCGCAAAGCCGACGCGCCGTCGCTGAGCGTGCCGGAAACCGCGGTCACCTATACCGCCTACGGCGACACCGTGTTCGTCGCCCACCAGGACGGCGACCGGCCGCTCAGCGCCAAGCGCGTCTCGGTGCGGATCGGCGAGCGCTGGGACGGTCGCGTGGAAATCCTCCAGGGCCTCGCCGAGGGCGACCGGGTAGTGACTTCCGGACAGATCAACCTGAGCGACGGGATGGCCGTGGAACCGGTCAAGGAAGACACCCTGAGCAGTGCCGCGCCCCCCGTGCCGGTCGCCGGCCGCTGA", "fmax": "4707522", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "4706409", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG07593.1", "sequence": "MQKPVLIASAALICAAVIGIAVYATGSAKKDAGGFAGYPPVKVALASVERRVVPRVFDGVGELEAGRQVQVAAEAAGRITRIAFESGQQVQQGQLLVQLNDAVEQAELIRLKAQLRNAEILHARARKLVERNVASQEQLDNAVAARDMALGAVRQTQALIDQKAIRAPFSGQLGIRRVHLGQYLGVAEPVASLVDARTLKSNFSLDESTSPELKLGQPLEVLVDAYPGRSFPARISAIDPLIGKSRTVQVQALLDNPEGLLAAGMFASIRVSRKADAPSLSVPETAVTYTAYGDTVFVAHQDGDRPLSAKRVSVRIGERWDGRVEILQGLAEGDRVVTSGQINLSDGMAVEPVKEDTLSSAAPPVPVAGR"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "1345": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5182": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGTTTAGTTTATATAAAAAATTTAAAGGTTTGTTTTATAGCGTTTTATTTTGGCTTTGTATTCTTTCATTTTTTAGTGTATTAAATGAAATGGTTTTAAATGTTTCTTTACCTGATATTGCAAATCATTTTAATACTACTCCTGGAATTACAAACTGGGTAAACACTGCATATATGTTAACTTTTTCGATAGGAACAGCAGTATATGGAAAATTATCTGATTATATAAATATAAAAAAATTGTTAATTATTGGTATTAGTTTGAGCTGTCTTGGTTCATTGATTGCTTTTATTGGTCACAATCACTTTTTTATTTTGATTTTTGGTAGGTTAGTACAAGGAGTAGGATCTGCTGCATTCCCTTCACTGATTATGGTGGTTGTAGCTAGAAATATTACAAGAAAAAAACAAGGCAAAGCCTTTGGTTTTATAGGATCAATTGTAGCTTTAGGTGAAGGGTTAGGTCCTTCAATAGGGGGAATAATAGCACATTATATTCATTGGTCTTACCTACTTATACTTCCTATGATTACAATAGTAACTATACCTTTTCTTATTAAAGTAATGGTACCTGGTAAATCAACAAAAAATACATTAGATATCGTAGGTATTGTTTTAATGTCTATAAGTATTATATGTTTTATGTTATTTACGACAAATTATAATTGGACTTTTTTAATACTCTTCACAATCTTTTTTGTGATTTTTATTAAACATATTTCAAGAGTTTCTAACCCTTTTATTAATCCTAAACTAGGGAAAAACATTCCGTTTATGCTTGGTTTGTTTTCTGGTGGGCTAATATTTTCTATAGTAGCTGGTTTTATATCAATGGTGCCTTATATGATGAAAACTATTTATCATGTAAATGTAGCGACAATAGGTAATAGTGTTATTTTTCCTGGAACCATGAGTGTTATTGTTTTTGGTTATTTTGGTGGTTTTTTAGTGGATAGAAAAGGATCATTATTTGTTTTTATTTTAGGATCATTGTCTATCTCTATAAGTTTTTTAACTATTGCATTTTTTGTTGAGTTTAGTATGTGGTTGACTACTTTTATGTTTATATTTGTTATGGGCGGATTATCTTTTACTAAAACAGTTATATCAAAAATAGTATCAAGTAGTCTTTCTGAAGAAGAAGTTGCTTCTGGAATGAGTTTGCTAAATTTCACAAGTTTTTTATCAGAGGGAACAGGTATAGCAATTGTAGGAGGTTTATTGTCACTACAATTGATTAATCGTAAACTAGTTCTGGAATTTATAAATTATTCTTCTGGAGTGTATAGTAATATTCTTGTAGCCATGGCTATCCTTATTATTTTATGTTGTCTTTTGACGATTATTGTATTTAAACGTTCTGAAAAGCAGTTTGAATAG", "fmax": "1380", "accession": "S67449.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAB28795.1", "sequence": "MFSLYKKFKGLFYSVLFWLCILSFFSVLNEMVLNVSLPDIANHFNTTPGITNWVNTAYMLTFSIGTAVYGKLSDYINIKKLLIIGISLSCLGSLIAFIGHNHFFILIFGRLVQGVGSAAFPSLIMVVVARNITRKKQGKAFGFIGSIVALGEGLGPSIGGIIAHYIHWSYLLILPMITIVTIPFLIKVMVPGKSTKNTLDIVGIVLMSISIICFMLFTTNYNWTFLILFTIFFVIFIKHISRVSNPFINPKLGKNIPFMLGLFSGGLIFSIVAGFISMVPYMMKTIYHVNVATIGNSVIFPGTMSVIVFGYFGGFLVDRKGSLFVFILGSLSISISFLTIAFFVEFSMWLTTFMFIFVMGGLSFTKTVISKIVSSSLSEEEVASGMSLLNFTSFLSEGTGIAIVGGLLSLQLINRKLVLEFINYSSGVYSNILVAMAILIILCCLLTIIVFKRSEKQFE"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "456": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "172": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5524": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATTCACGCGCAGTCGATCCGGAGCGGGCTCGCGTCCGCCCTGGGTCTGTTCAGTCTGCTGGCGCTCAGCGCCTGCACGGTGGGTCCGGACTACCGGACCCCCGACACCGCGGCGGCGAAGATCGACGCCACGGCGAGCAAGCCCTACGACCGCAGCCGCTTCGAAAGCCTGTGGTGGAAACAGTTCGACGATCCGACCCTGAACCAGTTGGTCGAACAGTCGCTGAGCGGCAACCGCGACCTGCGCGTGGCCTTCGCCCGCCTGCGCGCCGCCCGCGCCCTGCGCGACGACGTGGCCAACGATCGCTTCCCGGTGGTCACCAGCCGCGCCAGCGCCGACATCGGCAAGGGCCAGCAACCGGGAGTGACCGAGGACCGGGTCAACAGCGAGCGCTACGACCTTGGCCTGGATAGCGCCTGGGAGCTTGACCTGTTCGGGCGCATCCGCCGTCAGCTGGAGTCCAGCGACGCCCTCAGCGAAGCGGCCGAGGCCGACCTGCAGCAACTGCAGGTCAGCCTGATCGCCGAGCTGGTGGACGCCTACGGCCAACTGCGCGGCGCGCAACTGCGCGAGAAGATTGCCCTGAGCAACCTGGAGAACCAGAAGGAGTCGCGCCAGCTCACCGAGCAACTGCGCGACGCCGGGGTCGGTGCCGAACTCGACGTACTGCGCGCCGATGCGCGCCTGGCGGCCACCGCCGCCAGCGTGCCGCAACTGCAGGCGGAAGCCGAGCGCGCCAGGCACCGTATCGCCACCCTCCTCGGCCAACGGCCGGAAGAGTTGACAGTGGACCTTTCGCCGCGCGACCTGCCGGCGATCACCAAGGCCCTGCCGATCGGCGATCCCGGCGAACTGCTGCGCCGCCGGCCGGACATCCGCGCCGCCGAACGGCGCCTGGCCGCCAGCACCGCCGACGTCGGCGTGGCCACCGCCGACCTGTTCCCGCGGGTCAGCCTCAGCGGCTTCCTCGGCTTCACCGCCGGGCGGGGCTCGCAGATCGGCTCAAGCGCCGCCCGCGCCTGGAGCGTCGGCCCGAGCATCAGTTGGGCCGCCTTCGACCTCGGCAGCGTGCGTGCCCGCCTGCGCGGCGCCAAGGCCGACGCCGACGCCGCGCTGGCCAGCTACGAACAGCAGGTGCTGCTGGCCCTGGAAGAATCGGCGAATGCCTTCAGCGACTATGGCAAGCGCCAGGAGCGCCTGGTCTCGCTGGTCCGCCAGTCGGAAGCCAGCCGCGCCGCCGCGCAACAGGCGGCGATCCGCTACCGCGAAGGCACCACCGATTTCCTGGTGCTGCTGGACGCCGAACGCGAGCAACTCTCCGCCGAAGATGCCCAGGCCCAGGCCGAGGTCGAGCTGTACCGCGGCATCGTGGCGATCTACCGCTCCCTCGGCGGTGGCTGGCAACCCAGCGCCTGA", "fmax": "2814612", "accession": "AE004091.2", "fmin": "2813193", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208964", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36804"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAG05883.1", "sequence": "MIHAQSIRSGLASALGLFSLLALSACTVGPDYRTPDTAAAKIDATASKPYDRSRFESLWWKQFDDPTLNQLVEQSLSGNRDLRVAFARLRAARALRDDVANDRFPVVTSRASADIGKGQQPGVTEDRVNSERYDLGLDSAWELDLFGRIRRQLESSDALSEAAEADLQQLQVSLIAELVDAYGQLRGAQLREKIALSNLENQKESRQLTEQLRDAGVGAELDVLRADARLAATAASVPQLQAEAERARHRIATLLGQRPEELTVDLSPRDLPAITKALPIGDPGELLRRRPDIRAAERRLAASTADVGVATADLFPRVSLSGFLGFTAGRGSQIGSSAARAWSVGPSISWAAFDLGSVRARLRGAKADADAALASYEQQVLLALEESANAFSDYGKRQERLVSLVRQSEASRAAAQQAAIRYREGTTDFLVLLDAEREQLSAEDAQAQAEVELYRGIVAIYRSLGGGWQPSA"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2880": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "A plasmid-mediated quinolone efflux pump variant described in Escherichia coli. QepA4 confers resistance to quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics by expulsion from the cell. Described by Manageiro et al. 2017.", "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2052": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "APH(3'')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"276": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycolicibacterium fortuitum"}}}}}}}}}}, "2886": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5502": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGTGAAATTTAATTCCTCGCGTAAATCAGGTAAGTCAAAAAAAACAATTAGAAAATTGACCGCACCTGAAACTGTAAAGCAAAACAAGCCTCAAAAGGTGTTTGAAAAATGCTTTATGCGTGGACGTTATATGCTTTCTACGGTTCTTATTTTACTTGGCCTGTGTGCTTTAGTCGCACGAGCAGCTTATGTTCAATCTATTAATGCCGATACGTTATCGAATGAAGCGGATAAGCGTTCTTTGCGTAAAGATGAAGTATTATCGGTGCGTGGTTCTATTTTAGATCGTAATGGTCAGCTTTTATCTGTAAGCGTGCCGATGAGCGCGATTGTGGCAGATCCAAAAACGATGTTGAAGGAAAATTCGCTTGCGGATAAAGAACGAATTGCAGCTTTAGCCGAAGAATTAGGTATGACTGAAAATGATTTAGTGAAAAAAATTGAGAAAAATTCTAAATCTGGTTATTTGTATTTAGCACGTCAAGTTGAATTAAGTAAAGCTAACTATATTCGTAGATTAAAAATTAAGGGTATTATTTTAGAAACAGAGCATCGCCGTTTTTATCCTCGTGTAGAAGAAGCTGCACACGTGGTGGGTTATACGGATATTGATGGAAATGGTATTGAAGGCATTGAGAAAAGTTTTAATTCCCTGCTTGTTGGTAAAGACGGTTCACGTACTGTTCGTAAAGATAAACGTGGGAATATTGTTGCACATATCTCCGATGAGAAAAAATATGATGCACAAGATGTTACCTTAAGTATCGATGAAAAATTGCAATCTATGGTGTATCGTGAGATTAAAAAGGCGGTGTCTGAGAATAATGCTGAGTCTGGTACTGCGGTGTTAGTTGATGTTCGAACAGGGGAAGTGTTAGCTATGGCGACTGCGCCCTCTTATAATCCAAACAACCGTGTCGGCGTGAAATCAGAGTTAATGCGTAACCGTGCAATTACCGATACTTTTGAGCCAGGTTCTACGGTAAAACCTTTCGTTGTTTTAACCGCACTTCAACGAGGTGTAGTTAAACGAGATGAAATTATTGATACTACGTCCTTTAAATTAAGCGGTAAAGAAATTGTGGACGTTGCACCACGTGCTCAGCAAACTTTAGACGAGATTTTAATGAACTCTAGTAACCGTGGTGTAAGTCGTCTTGCATTACGTATGCCACCTAGTGCATTAATGGAAACTTATCAAAATGCAGGTTTAAGTAAACCGACAGATTTAGGCTTGATCGGAGAGCAAGTTGGGATTTTGAATGCAAATCGTAAACGCTGGGCAGATATTGAGCGTGCAACAGTCGCTTATGGTTATGGTATTACTGCGACACCTTTACAAATTGCTCGTGCCTATGCAACCCTTGGTAGTTTCGGTGTTTATCGTCCGCTTTCTATCACTAAAGTTGATCCGCCAGTTATTGGGAAACGGGTTTTCTCTGAAAAAATAACTAAAGATATTGTGGGAATTTTAGAGAAAGTAGCAATTAAAAATAAACGCGCAATGGTGGAAGGCTACCGTGTCGGCGTAAAAACAGGTACGGCACGTAAGATTGAAAATGGACATTATGTAAATAAGTATGTGGCATTTACTGCGGGTATTGCACCAATTAGTGATCCTCGTTATGCATTAGTGGTTTTGATCAATGATCCAAAAGCAGGAGAATATTATGGTGGTGCGGTTTCTGCCCCTGTATTCTCTAACATTATGGGCTATGCGTTACGTGCAAATGCTATTCCGCAAGATGCTGAAGCAGCTGAAAACACAACAACGAAAAGTGCAAAACGTATTGTTTATATTGGCGAACACAAGAATCAAAAAGTGAATTAA", "fmax": "1199672", "accession": "L42023.1", "fmin": "1197839", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "71421", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "41640"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAC22787.1", "sequence": "MVKFNSSRKSGKSKKTIRKLTAPETVKQNKPQKVFEKCFMRGRYMLSTVLILLGLCALVARAAYVQSINADTLSNEADKRSLRKDEVLSVRGSILDRNGQLLSVSVPMSAIVADPKTMLKENSLADKERIAALAEELGMTENDLVKKIEKNSKSGYLYLARQVELSKANYIRRLKIKGIILETEHRRFYPRVEEAAHVVGYTDIDGNGIEGIEKSFNSLLVGKDGSRTVRKDKRGNIVAHISDEKKYDAQDVTLSIDEKLQSMVYREIKKAVSENNAESGTAVLVDVRTGEVLAMATAPSYNPNNRVGVKSELMRNRAITDTFEPGSTVKPFVVLTALQRGVVKRDEIIDTTSFKLSGKEIVDVAPRAQQTLDEILMNSSNRGVSRLALRMPPSALMETYQNAGLSKPTDLGLIGEQVGILNANRKRWADIERATVAYGYGITATPLQIARAYATLGSFGVYRPLSITKVDPPVIGKRVFSEKITKDIVGILEKVAIKNKRAMVEGYRVGVKTGTARKIENGHYVNKYVAFTAGIAPISDPRYALVVLINDPKAGEYYGGAVSAPVFSNIMGYALRANAIPQDAEAAENTTTKSAKRIVYIGEHKNQKVN"}}}}}}}, "2054": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "37014": {"category_aro_name": "pleuromutilin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37014", "category_aro_accession": "3000670", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}}}}, "971": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2056": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2058": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "2889": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5501": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAACAACGAATCGCGCTATCACTGCTGGCATTGGGGCCCCTGTTGCTCGTCCCACGCGTTTATGCCGCGGCAGATGAGCCCATGGCGAACATAGTGGAAAAGGCTGTCCAGCCGCTGCTGGAGGAGTACCGGATCCCGGGCATGGCGGTCGCCGTGCTGAAGGAGGGCAAGCCTCACTACTTCAATTATGGCGTCGCCAATCGGGAGAGCGGCCGGCGCATCAGCGAGCGGACCCTGTTCGAGATTGGTTCGGTCAGCAAGACCTTTACTGCGACCTTGGGCACCTACGCGGTCGTCAAAGGGGGCTTTCGGCTGGATGACAAGGTGAGCCAGCACGCGCCTTGGTTGCAGAATTCGGCGTTTGATCGCGTCACCATGGCCCAGCTGGCGACCTACAGCGCAGGGGGCTTGCCGTTGCAGTTTCCCGATGCGGTCGACTCAAACGAGAGAATGCGCCAGTACTACCGGCAGTGGTCACCGCTTTATGCGGCAGGCACTCATCGCGAGTACTCCAACCCCAGCATAGGTCTGTTCGGCCATCTGGCGGCGAGCACCCTGGGCCAACCATTCAGACAACTGATGAGCCAGACTCTGCTGCCCAAGCTCGATTTGCAGCACACCTATCTCGAGGTGCCAGACGCAGCCATGGTTGACTACGCCTATGGCTATTCGAAGGAAGACAAACCCGTCAGGGTCAATCCCGGAGTGCTGGCGGACGAAGCCTATGGCATCAAGACCAGCGCGGCGGATCTCATCAAGTTTGTGGGCGCCAACATGACAGGCAGTGGCGACAAGGCGGTGCAGCAAGCGCTGGCCATGACCCGTACCGGTTTCTACTCGGTGGGAGAGATGACCCAGGGGCTGGGGTGGGAGAGCTACGCCTATCCCGTGACCGAACAGGCGCTGCTGGCGGGCAATTCACCGGCGGTGAGCTTCAAGGCCAATCCGGTCAAACCCTTTGTGGCTCCCAGAGTGATGGGGAACGAGCGACTCTACAACAAGACAGGCTCGACCAACGGCTTTGGTGCCTATGTGGTGTTTGTCCCGGCCAGAGGCGTGGGCATCGTCATGCTGGCCAATCGCAACTACCCCATCGAGGCCAGGGTCAAGGCTGCCTATGCCATCATGCGCCATCTGGCACCCTGA", "fmax": "1149", "accession": "EU046614.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas enteropelogenes", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "29489", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "41646"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABW05394.1", "sequence": "MKQRIALSLLALGPLLLVPRVYAAADEPMANIVEKAVQPLLEEYRIPGMAVAVLKEGKPHYFNYGVANRESGRRISERTLFEIGSVSKTFTATLGTYAVVKGGFRLDDKVSQHAPWLQNSAFDRVTMAQLATYSAGGLPLQFPDAVDSNERMRQYYRQWSPLYAAGTHREYSNPSIGLFGHLAASTLGQPFRQLMSQTLLPKLDLQHTYLEVPDAAMVDYAYGYSKEDKPVRVNPGVLADEAYGIKTSAADLIKFVGANMTGSGDKAVQQALAMTRTGFYSVGEMTQGLGWESYAYPVTEQALLAGNSPAVSFKANPVKPFVAPRVMGNERLYNKTGSTNGFGAYVVFVPARGVGIVMLANRNYPIEARVKAAYAIMRHLAP"}}}}}}}, "182": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"5398": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACAAAACGTAAATTGCGCAATAACTGGATTATTGTTACCACGATGATTACGTTTGTCACGATATTTTTGTTTTGTTTAATTATTATTTTTTTCTTGAAAGATACACTGCATAATAGTGAGCTTGATGATGCAGAACGAAGCTCAAGCGATATTAATAATTTATTTCATTCTAAGCCTGTTAAAGATATATCTGCATTAGACTTGAATGCATCTTTAGGTAATTTTCAAGAGATAATTATTTATGATGAGCATAATAATAAATTATTTGAGACATCGAATGATAACACAGTGAGAGTTGAACCAGGTTATGAACACCGTTATTTTGACCGCGTAATAAAAAAACGCTATAAAGGCATTGAATATTTAATTATTAAAGAACCAATTACAACGCAAGATTTCAAAGGGTATAGCTTGTTAATTCATTCACTAGAAAATTATGATAACATCGTAAAATCATTGTATATCATTGCGCTGGCATTTGGAGTGATTGCAACAATTATAACTGCCACAATCAGTTATGTATTTTCAACACAAATTACTAAACCGCTTGTCAGTTTATCAAATAAAATGATTGAGATTCGACGAGATGGTTTTCAAAATAAATTGCAATTAAATACAAATTATGAAGAAATAGATAATTTAGCAAATACGTTTAATGAGATGATGAGCCAAATTGAAGAATCATTTAATCAACAAAGACAATTTGTTGAAGATGCGTCACATGAATTACGAACACCATTACAAATTATTCAAGGTCATTTAAATTTGATTCAGCGATGGGGAAAAAAAGACCCAGCAGTATTAGAAGAATCGTTAAATATTTCTATTGAAGAAATGAATCGTATCATAAAATTAGTCGAAGAATTACTTGAATTGACTAAAGGAGATGTAAATGACATTTCTTCTGAAGCACAGACCGTGCATATTAATGATGAAATTCGCTCGCGAATACACTCATTAAAACAATTGCATCCTGATTATCAATTTGATACGGATCTGACATCTAAAAATCTAGAAATTAAAATGAAACCTCATCAATTCGAACAATTATTTTTAATCTTTATTGATAATGCAATCAAATATGATGTGAAGAATAAGAAAATTAAAGTTAAGACAAGGTTAAAAAATAAGCAAAAAATAATTGAAATTACAGATCATGGAATTGGTATTCCAGAGGAAGATCAAGATTTCATTTTTGATCGCTTTTATCGAGTGGATAAATCTCGTTCAAGAAGTCAAGGCGGTAATGGACTCGGATTATCTATTGCTCAAAAAATCATTCAATTAAACGGAGGATCGATTAAAATTAAAAGTGAAATTAACAAAGGAACAACGTTTAAAATCATATTTTAA", "fmax": "1361636", "accession": "CP000253.1", "fmin": "1360280", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "93061", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35511"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABD30512.1", "sequence": "MTKRKLRNNWIIVTTMITFVTIFLFCLIIIFFLKDTLHNSELDDAERSSSDINNLFHSKPVKDISALDLNASLGNFQEIIIYDEHNNKLFETSNDNTVRVEPGYEHRYFDRVIKKRYKGIEYLIIKEPITTQDFKGYSLLIHSLENYDNIVKSLYIIALAFGVIATIITATISYVFSTQITKPLVSLSNKMIEIRRDGFQNKLQLNTNYEEIDNLANTFNEMMSQIEESFNQQRQFVEDASHELRTPLQIIQGHLNLIQRWGKKDPAVLEESLNISIEEMNRIIKLVEELLELTKGDVNDISSEAQTVHINDEIRSRIHSLKQLHPDYQFDTDLTSKNLEIKMKPHQFEQLFLIFIDNAIKYDVKNKKIKVKTRLKNKQKIIEITDHGIGIPEEDQDFIFDRFYRVDKSRSRSQGGNGLGLSIAQKIIQLNGGSIKIKSEINKGTTFKIIF"}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "183": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}}}}}, "652": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "tcr3 is a tetracycline efflux pump that confers self-resistance to Kitasatospora aureofaciens", "model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$update": {"332": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy": {"$update": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Kitasatospora aureofaciens"}}}}}}}}, "ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41239": {"category_aro_name": "nitroimidazole antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41239", "category_aro_accession": "3004115", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group."}, "40514": {"category_aro_name": "benzalkonium chloride", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40514", "category_aro_accession": "3003823", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "35972": {"category_aro_name": "bicyclomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35972", "category_aro_accession": "0000055", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "40518": {"category_aro_name": "rhodamine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40518", "category_aro_accession": "3003827", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}}}}, "1507": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37250": {"category_aro_name": "triclosan", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37250", "category_aro_accession": "3000870", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide.  It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI)."}, "36242": {"category_aro_name": "aminocoumarin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36242", "category_aro_accession": "3000103", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36193": {"category_aro_name": "acridine dye", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36193", "category_aro_accession": "3000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents."}, "40727": {"category_aro_name": "antibacterial free fatty acids", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40727", "category_aro_accession": "3003956", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to