Model_id Action ARO_name ARO_category Changes To Summary 2068 UPDATE Escherichia coli 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to edeine glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; edeine A; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; G418; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to peptide antibiotics; nucleoside antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; edeine B; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; edeine F; edeine D; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2306 UPDATE Escherichia coli acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance antibiotic target alteration; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGCACGAAAAACCAAACAAGAAGCGCAAGAAACGCGCCAACACATCCTCGATGTGGCTCTACGTCTTTTCTCACAGCAGGGGGTATCATCCACCTCGCTGGGCGAGATTGCAAAAGCAGCTGGCGTTACGCGCGGTGCAATCTACTGGCATTTTAAAGACAAGTCGGATTTGTTCAGTGAGATCTGGGAACTGTCAGAATCCAATATTGGTGAACTAGAGCTTGAGTATCAGGCAAAATTCCCTGGCGATCCACTCTCAGTATTAAGAGAGATATTAATTCATGTTCTTGAATCCACGGTGACAGAAGAACGGCGTCGATTATTGATGGAGATTATATTCCACAAATGCGAATTTGTCGGAGAAATGGCTGTTGTGCAACAGGCACAACGTAATCTCTGTCTGGAAAGTTATGACCGTATAGAACAAACGTTAAAACATTGTATTGAAGCGAAAATGTTGCCTGCGGATTTAATGACGCGTCGCGCAGCAATTATTATGCGCGGCTATATTTCCGGCCTGATGGAAAACTGGCTCTTTGCCCCGCAATCTTTTGATCTTAAAAAAGAAGCCCGCGATTACGTTGCCATCTTACTGGAGATGTATCTCCTGTGCCCCACGCTTCGTAATCCTGCCACTAACGAATAA UPDATED fmax with 486408 UPDATED accession with U00096.3 UPDATED fmin with 485760 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 511145 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36849 UPDATED accession with AAC73566.1 UPDATED sequence with MARKTKQEAQETRQHILDVALRLFSQQGVSSTSLGEIAKAAGVTRGAIYWHFKDKSDLFSEIWELSESNIGELELEYQAKFPGDPLSVLREILIHVLESTVTEERRRLLMEIIFHKCEFVGEMAVVQQAQRNLCLESYDRIEQTLKHCIEAKMLPADLMTRRAAIIMRGYISGLMENWLFAPQSFDLKKEARDYVAILLEMYLLCPTLRNPATNE UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 507 UPDATE rosB fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; polymyxin B1; polymyxin B4; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; polymyxin B2; polymyxin B3; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. UPDATED category_aro_name with polymyxin B1 UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36969 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000625 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Polymyxin B1 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methyloctanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with polymyxin B4 UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000628 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Polymyxin B4 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a heptanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with polymyxin B2 UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36970 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000626 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Polymyxin B2 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with a 6-methylheptanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with polymyxin B3 UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36971 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000627 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Polymyxin B3 is in the family of polymyxin lipopeptides with an octanoic acid acyl group. These antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 1256 UPDATE bmr fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; puromycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2069 UPDATE Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 1942 UPDATE BJP-1 carbapenem; antibiotic inactivation; BJP beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGAAGGCTGACGGCCGCGCTGTGTGCTCTGACCCTGCTCTCGACTGGCGCGCAGGCGCAAACCATCAAGGATTTTCTGGCAGTCGCCATGAAGAAATGGACGGCGCCGTTCGAGCCGTTCCAGCTCATCGACAACATCTACTATGTCGGAACCGACGGCATTGCCGTCTATGTCATCAAGACATCGCAGGGCCTGATCCTGATGGACACGGCGATGCCCCAGTCAACCGGCATGATCAAGGACAATATTGCGAAGCTCGGCTTCAAGGTTGCCGATATCAAGCTCATCCTCAACACGCACGCGCATCTCGACCACACCGGCGGCTTCGCCGAGATCAAGAAGGAGACCGGCGCGCAGCTCGTTGCCGGCGAGCGCGACAAGCCACTGCTCGAAGGCGGCTACTATCCGGGTGACGAGAAAAACGAGGACCTCGCCTTCCCCGCGGTGAAAGTCGATCGCGCGGTGAAGGAAGGCGACAGGGTCACGCTCGGAGACACCACGCTGACGGCACACGCAACACCCGGCCACTCGCCGGGCTGCACCAGCTGGGAGATGACCGTCAAGGACGGCAAGGAGGACCGCGAGGTGCTGTTCTTCTGTAGCGGCACGGTGGCGCTGAACCGGCTGGTCGGCCAGCCGACCTATGCCGGCATCGTCGACGACTACCGCGCGACTTTCGCCAAGGCCAAGGCGATGAAGATCGACGTGCTGCTCGGGCCGCATCCGGAAGTCTATGGCATGCAGGCCAAGCGCGCAGAGATGAAGGATGGCGCGCCGAACCCGTTCATCAAGCCGGGCGAGCTCGTGACCTACGCGACCAGCCTGTCGGAGGATTTCGACAAGCAGCTCGCCAAGCAGACCGCGGCGCTGGAGAAGAAATAG UPDATED fmax with 6170807 UPDATED accession with CP011360.1 UPDATED fmin with 6169922 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 224911 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42583 UPDATED accession with AND91341.1 UPDATED sequence with MRRLTAALCALTLLSTGAQAQTIKDFLAVAMKKWTAPFEPFQLIDNIYYVGTDGIAVYVIKTSQGLILMDTAMPQSTGMIKDNIAKLGFKVADIKLILNTHAHLDHTGGFAEIKKETGAQLVAGERDKPLLEGGYYPGDEKNEDLAFPAVKVDRAVKEGDRVTLGDTTLTAHATPGHSPGCTSWEMTVKDGKEDREVLFFCSGTVALNRLVGQPTYAGIVDDYRATFAKAKAMKIDVLLGPHPEVYGMQAKRAEMKDGAPNPFIKPGELVTYATSLSEDFDKQLAKQTAALEKK " 3252 UPDATE Campylobacter jejuni 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 345 UPDATE bcrA penam; peptide antibiotic; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; acridine dye; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; bacitracin B; bacitracin F; cephalosporin; bacitracin A; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 342 UPDATE smeS penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; cephamycin; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 810 UPDATE mecC antibiotic target replacement; ceftaroline; ampicillin; flucloxacillin; ceftibuten; cefditoren; piperacillin; cefpodoxime; cefixime; cefdinir; meropenem; carbapenem; imipenem; aztreonam; cefradine; isopenicillin N; cefazolin; penicillin N; ceftazidime; cefepime; penicillin; oxacillin; cefmetazole; moxalactam; cloxacillin; cefadroxil; ceftriaxone; methicillin; loracarbef; ceftizoxime; cephalosporin; cefotaxime; cefaclor; phenoxymethylpenicillin; cefonicid; monobactam; cefuroxime; amoxicillin; mezlocillin; azlocillin; cefalexin; doripenem; cefotiam; ertapenem; penam; cefprozil; cephapirin; ceftobiprole; benzylpenicillin; methicillin resistant PBP2; cephamycin; carbenicillin; cefalotin; ceftiofur; mecillinam; propicillin; cefoxitin; dicloxacillin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAAAAATTTATATTAGTGTGCTAGTTCTTTTACTAATTATGATTATAATAACTTGGTTATTCAAAGATGACGATATTGAGAAAACAATTAGTTCTATTGAAAAAGGAAACTATAACGAAGTATATAAAAATAGTTCAGAAAAATCTAAACTGGCATATGGAGAAGAAGAAATTGTAGATAGGAATAAAAAAATTTACAAAGATTTAAGTGTCAATAACTTAAAAATTACTAATCATGAAATTAAAAAAACTGGAAAAGATAAAAAGCAAGTTGATGTTAAATATAACATATATACAAAATATGGAACTATACGACGTAATACACAATTAAACTTTATTTATGAAGATAAGCATTGGAAATTAGATTGGAGACCAGACGTAATAGTACCTGGTTTGAAAAATGGACAGAAAATTAATATAGAAACATTAAAATCAGAGCGAGGCAAAATAAAAGATAGAAATGGTATAGAATTAGCTAAAACTGGAAATACATATGAAATCGGTATTGTCCCTAACAAAACACCCAAAGAAAAATATGATGATATTGCTCGTGACTTACAAATTGATACAAAAGCTATAACCAATAAAGTTAATCAAAAATGGGTTCAGCCAGATTCATTTGTACCAATTAAAAAGATAAATAAACAAGATGAATATATAGACAAATTAATTAAATCATACAATTTACAAATAAACACTATAAAAAGCCGTGTTTATCCATTGAACGAAGCAACAGTACACCTTTTAGGTTATGTGGGTCCAATTAATTCTGACGAGTTAAAAAGTAAGCAATTTAGAAACTATAGCAAAAATACTGTTATTGGAAAAAAAGGCTTAGAACGCCTCTATGATAAACAATTGCAAAACACTGATGGTTTTAAGGTATCCATTGCAAATACTTATGACAATAAACCTTTAGACACATTATTGGAGAAAAAGGCTGAAAACGGAAAAGATCTTCATTTAACTATAGATGCTAGAGTACAAGAAAGTATTTATAAACATATGAAAAATGACGATGGATCTGGTACAGCATTACAACCAAAAACTGGAGAAATTTTAGCTTTGGTAAGTACCCCATCGTACGATGTTTATCCATTCATGAATGGATTAAGCAATAATGACTACCGTAAATTAACTAACAATAAAAAAGAGCCTTTGCTCAACAAATTTCAAATCACTACATCACCAGGTTCAACCCAAAAAATATTAACATCTATTATAGCCTTAAAAGAAAATAAACTAGACAAAAATACTAATTTTGATATTTATGGTAAGGGTTGGCAAAAAGATGCATCATGGGGGAATTATAATATCACAAGATTTAAAGTAGTAGACGGCAATATCGATTTAAAGCAAGCAATAGAATCATCAGACAACATATTTTTTGCCCGCATTGCATTAGCATTAGGAGCCAAAAAATTTGAGCAAGGTATGCAAGATTTGGGAATCGGTGAAAATATCCCGAGTGATTATCCCTTTTATAAAGCACAAATCTCAAATAGTAATTTAAAAAATGAAATATTATTAGCAGATTCAGGATATGGCCAAGGCGAGATACTAGTAAACCCTATACAAATTTTATCAATATACAGTGCTTTAGAAAATAACGGAAATATACAAAATCCTCATGTTTTACGTAAAACAAAATCTCAAATATGGAAAAAAGATATTATACCTAAAAAAGACATAGATATATTAACTAATGGTATGGAACGTGTAGTTAATAAAACACATAGGGATGATATATACAAAAATTATGCCCGAATTATTGGTAAATCTGGCACAGCAGAATTAAAAATGAATCAAGGGGAAACTGGAAGACAAATAGGTTGGTTTGTTTCATATAATAAAAATAATCCTAATATGTTAATGGCGATTAATGTTAAAGACGTTCAAAATAAAGGGATGGCCAGCTATAATGCTACTATATCTGGAAAAGTTTATGATGATTTGTATGATAATGGAAAAACTCAATTTGATATAGATCAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 37678 UPDATED accession with FR821779.1 UPDATED fmin with 35680 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus LGA251 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 985006 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42590 UPDATED accession with CCC86795.1 UPDATED sequence with MKKIYISVLVLLLIMIIITWLFKDDDIEKTISSIEKGNYNEVYKNSSEKSKLAYGEEEIVDRNKKIYKDLSVNNLKITNHEIKKTGKDKKQVDVKYNIYTKYGTIRRNTQLNFIYEDKHWKLDWRPDVIVPGLKNGQKINIETLKSERGKIKDRNGIELAKTGNTYEIGIVPNKTPKEKYDDIARDLQIDTKAITNKVNQKWVQPDSFVPIKKINKQDEYIDKLIKSYNLQINTIKSRVYPLNEATVHLLGYVGPINSDELKSKQFRNYSKNTVIGKKGLERLYDKQLQNTDGFKVSIANTYDNKPLDTLLEKKAENGKDLHLTIDARVQESIYKHMKNDDGSGTALQPKTGEILALVSTPSYDVYPFMNGLSNNDYRKLTNNKKEPLLNKFQITTSPGSTQKILTSIIALKENKLDKNTNFDIYGKGWQKDASWGNYNITRFKVVDGNIDLKQAIESSDNIFFARIALALGAKKFEQGMQDLGIGENIPSDYPFYKAQISNSNLKNEILLADSGYGQGEILVNPIQILSIYSALENNGNIQNPHVLRKTKSQIWKKDIIPKKDIDILTNGMERVVNKTHRDDIYKNYARIIGKSGTAELKMNQGETGRQIGWFVSYNKNNPNMLMAINVKDVQNKGMASYNATISGKVYDDLYDNGKTQFDIDQ " 812 UPDATE CMY-10 antibiotic inactivation; CMY beta-lactamase; cephamycin; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with CMY-10 is a beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Klebsiella aerogenes " 2850 UPDATE Salmonella enterica gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to triclosan antibiotic target alteration; triclosan; triclosan resistant gyrA; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCGACCTTGCGAGAGAAATTACACCGGTCAACATTGAGGAGGAGCTGAAGAGCTCCTATCTGGATTATGCGATGTCGGTCATTGTTGGCCGTGCGCTGCCGGATGTCCGAGATGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACACCGTCGCGTACTTTACGCCATGAACGTATTGGGCAATGACTGGAACAAAGCCTATAAAAAATCTGCCCGTGTCGTTGGTGACGTAATCGGTAAATACCATCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTGTATGACACCATCGTTCGTATGGCGCAGCCATTCTCGCTGCGTTACATGCTGGTGGATGGTCAGGGTAACTTCGGTTCTATTGACGGCGACTCCGCGGCGGCAATGCGTTATACGGAGATCCGTCTGGCGAAAATCGCCCACGAACTGATGGCCGATCTCGAAAAAGAGACGGTGGATTTCGTGGATAACTATGACGGTACGGAAAAAATTCCGGACGTCATGCCGACCAAAATTCCGAATCTGCTGGTGAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATCGCAGTAGGTATGGCGACGAATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGACGGAAGTGATTAACGGCTGCCTGGCGTATATCGACAACGAAGACATCAGCATTGAAGGGCTGATGGAACATATTCCGGGGCCGGACTTCCCGACCGCCGCGATCATCAACGGTCGTCGTGGTATCGAAGAAGCCTACCGCACCGGTCGTGGCAAAGTGTACATTCGCGCCCGCGCGGAAGTTGAAGCTGACGCCAAAACGGGCCGTGAAACCATCATCGTCCATGAAATTCCCTATCAGGTGAACAAAGCGCGCCTGATCGAGAAAATCGCCGAGCTGGTGAAAGATAAACGCGTGGAAGGCATCAGCGCGCTGCGTGACGAATCCGACAAAGACGGGATGCGCATCGTGATTGAAGTGAAACGCGATGCGGTGGGCGAGGTGGTGCTTAATAATCTCTACTCCCAGACCCAGCTACAGGTTTCCTTCGGTATTAACATGGTGGCGCTGCATCACGGCCAGCCGAAGATCATGAACCTGAAAGATATCATTTCAGCGTTCGTGCGCCACCGCCGTGAAGTGGTGACGCGTCGGACTATTTTTGAACTGCGTAAAGCCCGTGACCGTGCGCATATCCTTGAAGCTCTGGCGATTGCGCTGGCCAACATCGACCCGATTATCGAACTGATTCGCCGCGCGCCAACGCCGGCGGAAGCAAAAGCGGCGCTGATTTCGCGTCCGTGGGATCTGGGCAACGTTGCTGCGATGCTGGAGCGCGCTGGTGATGACGCCGCGCGTCCGGAATGGCTGGAGCCAGAATTTGGCGTGCGTGACGGTCAGTACTACCTGACTGAACAGCAGGCGCAGGCGATTCTGGATCTGCGTTTGCAGAAACTGACCGGCCTGGAGCATGAAAAACTGCTCGACGAATACAAAGAGCTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGAATTGCTGCACATTCTGGGCAGCGCCGATCGCCTGATGGAAGTGATCCGCGAAGAGATGGAGTTAATTCGCGATCAGTTCGGCGATGAGCGTCGTACCGAAATCACCGCCAACAGCGCCGATATTAATATCGAAGATCTGATTAGCCAGGAAGATGTTGTCGTGACGCTGTCTCACCAGGGTTACGTCAAATATCAACCGCTGACAGATTACGAAGCGCAACGTCGTGGTGGGAAAGGTAAATCTGCCGCGCGTATTAAAGAAGAAGACTTTATCGACCGCCTGCTGGTGGCTAACACCCATGACACCATCCTCTGCTTCTCCAGCCGGGGCCGTCTGTACTGGATGAAGGTCTATCAGCTGCCGGAAGCCAGCCGCGGCGCGCGCGGTCGTCCGATCGTCAACCTGCTGCCGCTGGAAGCCAACGAACGTATCACCGCGATTCTGCCGGTTCGTGAGTATGAAGAAGGCGTCAACGTCTTTATGGCGACCGCCAGCGGTACCGTGAAGAAAACGGCGCTGACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCGCGTTCCGCCGGTATTATCGCGGTGAACCTCAACGACGGCGACGAGCTGATTGGCGTTGACCTGACTTCTGGTTCTGACGAAGTCATGCTGTTCTCGGCCGCGGGTAAAGTGGTGCGCTTCAAAGAAGACGCCGTCCGTGCGATGGGGCGTACCGCGACCGGTGTGCGCGGTATTAAGCTGGCGGGAGACGATAAAGTCGTCTCTCTGATCATCCCACGCGGCGAAGGCGCTATTCTGACCGTAACGCAAAACGGCTACGGGAAGCGTACCGCAGCGGACGAGTACCCGACCAAGTCTCGTGCGACGCAGGGCGTTATCTCTATCAAAGTGACCGAGCGCAACGGTTCCGTTGTCGGTGCGGTACAGGTAGACGATTGCGACCAGATCATGATGATCACGGATGCCGGTACTCTGGTGCGTACCCGTGTGTCCGAGATCAGCGTAGTGGGACGTAATACCCAGGGCGTTATCCTTATCCGCACGGCGGAAGATGAAAACGTGGTGGGTCTGCAACGCGTTGCTGAACCGGTAGATGACGAAGAACTCGACGCTATCGACGGCAGCGTGGCGGAAGGGGATGAGGATATCGCCCCGGAAGCGGAAAGCGATGACGACGTTGCGGATGACGCTGACGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 2376346 UPDATED accession with AE006468.2 UPDATED fmin with 2373709 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 99287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35734 UPDATED accession with AAL21173.1 UPDATED sequence with MSDLAREITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMNVLGNDWNKAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDSAAAMRYTEIRLAKIAHELMADLEKETVDFVDNYDGTEKIPDVMPTKIPNLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTEVINGCLAYIDNEDISIEGLMEHIPGPDFPTAAIINGRRGIEEAYRTGRGKVYIRARAEVEADAKTGRETIIVHEIPYQVNKARLIEKIAELVKDKRVEGISALRDESDKDGMRIVIEVKRDAVGEVVLNNLYSQTQLQVSFGINMVALHHGQPKIMNLKDIISAFVRHRREVVTRRTIFELRKARDRAHILEALAIALANIDPIIELIRRAPTPAEAKAALISRPWDLGNVAAMLERAGDDAARPEWLEPEFGVRDGQYYLTEQQAQAILDLRLQKLTGLEHEKLLDEYKELLEQIAELLHILGSADRLMEVIREEMELIRDQFGDERRTEITANSADINIEDLISQEDVVVTLSHQGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSAARIKEEDFIDRLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWMKVYQLPEASRGARGRPIVNLLPLEANERITAILPVREYEEGVNVFMATASGTVKKTALTEFSRPRSAGIIAVNLNDGDELIGVDLTSGSDEVMLFSAAGKVVRFKEDAVRAMGRTATGVRGIKLAGDDKVVSLIIPRGEGAILTVTQNGYGKRTAADEYPTKSRATQGVISIKVTERNGSVVGAVQVDDCDQIMMITDAGTLVRTRVSEISVVGRNTQGVILIRTAEDENVVGLQRVAEPVDDEELDAIDGSVAEGDEDIAPEAESDDDVADDADE " 712 UPDATE catB2 antibiotic inactivation; thiamphenicol; chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT); azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACGAATTATTTTGAGAGTCCCTTCAAAGGGAAGCTTCTGACTGAGCAGGTGAAGAATCCGAACATCAAGGTAGGGCGGTATAGCTACTATTCCGGCTATTACCATGGGCACTCGTTTGATGATTGTGCTCGCTACCTTCTACCAGACCGTGATGACGTTGATCAGCTGATTATCGGCAGCTTCTGCTCCATCGGATCAGGCGCAGCTTTTATTATGGCTGGGAATCAAGGCCACCGATATGATTGGGTCTCTTCTTTCCCTTTCTTCTACATGAACGAGGAGCCCGCGTTTGCAAAATCAGTCGATGCATTCCAGCGGGCTGGCGACACAGTTATAGGAAGTGATGTGTGGATCGGTTCGGAGGCCATGATCATGCCCGGGATCAAGATCGGGCATGGAGCGGTGATAGGTAGCCGCGCTTTGGTTACCAAAGACGTGGAACCCTACACCATAGTGGGGGGAAACCCTGCAAAGTCGATTAGGAAGCGCTTTTCTGAAGAAGAAATTTCTATGCTTTTAGATATGGCTTGGTGGGATTGGCCGCTGGAACAAATCAAGGAAGCAATGCCTTTTCTTTGTTCGTCTGGCATTGCCAGCCTGTATCGTCGCTGGCAAGGCACAAGCGCCTAA UPDATED fmax with 4157 UPDATED accession with AY232670.1 UPDATED fmin with 3524 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pasteurella multocida UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 747 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36867 UPDATED accession with AAP15294.1 UPDATED sequence with MTNYFESPFKGKLLTEQVKNPNIKVGRYSYYSGYYHGHSFDDCARYLLPDRDDVDQLIIGSFCSIGSGAAFIMAGNQGHRYDWVSSFPFFYMNEEPAFAKSVDAFQRAGDTVIGSDVWIGSEAMIMPGIKIGHGAVIGSRALVTKDVEPYTIVGGNPAKSIRKRFSEEEISMLLDMAWWDWPLEQIKEAMPFLCSSGIASLYRRWQGTSA " 1491 UPDATE lnuF antibiotic inactivation; lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (LNU); lincosamide antibiotic; model_param "UPDATED param_value with 550 " 1701 UPDATE Erm(39) antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium fortuitum UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2070 UPDATE Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2317 UPDATE mgrB penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; resistance by absence; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 1067 UPDATE MexE penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGAACAGTCATCCCACTTCTCCTGGCGCTACCCCCTCGCACTCGCGGCCGTACTGGTCCTGAGCGCCTGCGGCAAGGCCCCGGAAACCACCCAAGGCATGGCGGCGCCCAAGGTCAGCGTCGCCGAAGTCATCGAACAACCGCTGAACGAGTGGGACGAATTCACCGGCCGCCTGGAGGCCCCGGAGTCGGTGGAGCTGCGCCCGCGGGTGTCGGGCTACATCGACCGCGTGGCCTTCCATGAAGGCGCACTGGTGAAGAAAGGCGACCTGCTGTTCCAGATCGACCCGCGCCCGTTCGAGGCCGAGGTCAAGCGCCTCGAAGCCCAGCTGCAACAGGCCCGCGCGGCCCAGGCGCGGAGCGTCAACGAAGCCCAGCGCGGCGAACGCCTGCGCGCCAGCAACGCGATCTCCGCGGAACTCGCCGACGCCCGCACCACCGCCGCCCAGGAAGCCAAGGCGGCGGTCGCCGCGACCCAGGCGCAACTGGACGCGGCGCGCCTGAACCTGAGCTTCACCCGGATCACCGCGCCGATCGACGGTCGCGTCAGCCGCGCCGAGGTCACCGCCGGCAACCTGGTCAACTCCGGGGAGACCCTGCTCACCACCCTGGTCAGCACCGACAAGGTCTACGCCTACTTCGACGCCGACGAGCGCGTGTTCCTCAAGTACGTCGAGCTGGCCCGCCAGGCCGGTCGCGACACGCGCAGCGAGAGCCCGGTGTACCTCGGCCTGAGCAGCGAGGACGGCAACCCGCACCTGGGCCGGCTGGACTTCCTCGACAACCAGGTCAACCCGCGTACCGGCACCATCCGCGGCCGCGCCGTGTTCGACAACGCCAAGGGCGAGTTCACCCCGGGCCTCTACGTGCGCCTGAAGCTGGTCGGCAGCAAGACCTACGCCGCCACCCTGATCAAGGACGAAGCGGTCGGCACCGACCTGGGCAAGAAGTTCGTGCTGGTCCTGGATGGCGACAACAAGACCGTCTACCGCACCGTCGAGATGGGACCGAAGCTGGAGGGCCTGCGCATCGTCCGCAGCGGCCTGAGCAAGGGCGACCGGATCGTCGTGAATGGCCTGCAGCGGGTCCGCCCGGGCATGCAGGTGGATCCGCAGAAGGTCGAGATGGCCAGCGCCGACACCCTGGCCACCCTCGCGCGCCTGCGGCAGTCGGTCGGCGACAGCGAACCACCGAAGGTGGCGGCGTCCAAGGACAACGCCACTCGCAACGAGCCGCGCGGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2809987 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 2808742 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG05881.1 UPDATED sequence with MEQSSHFSWRYPLALAAVLVLSACGKAPETTQGMAAPKVSVAEVIEQPLNEWDEFTGRLEAPESVELRPRVSGYIDRVAFHEGALVKKGDLLFQIDPRPFEAEVKRLEAQLQQARAAQARSVNEAQRGERLRASNAISAELADARTTAAQEAKAAVAATQAQLDAARLNLSFTRITAPIDGRVSRAEVTAGNLVNSGETLLTTLVSTDKVYAYFDADERVFLKYVELARQAGRDTRSESPVYLGLSSEDGNPHLGRLDFLDNQVNPRTGTIRGRAVFDNAKGEFTPGLYVRLKLVGSKTYAATLIKDEAVGTDLGKKFVLVLDGDNKTVYRTVEMGPKLEGLRIVRSGLSKGDRIVVNGLQRVRPGMQVDPQKVEMASADTLATLARLRQSVGDSEPPKVAASKDNATRNEPRG UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 1665 UPDATE ramA penem; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; reduced permeability to antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; tigecycline; glycylcycline; General Bacterial Porin with reduced permeability to beta-lactams; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 1664 UPDATE adeK penem; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; imipenem; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ticarcillin; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 593 UPDATE abeS antibiotic efflux; small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; novobiocin; macrolide antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tetracycline antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 592 UPDATE lmrB penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 597 UPDATE Klebsiella pneumoniae ramR mutants antibiotic target alteration; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 193 UPDATE TEM-121 penam; antibiotic inactivation; penem; cephalosporin; monobactam; TEM beta-lactamase; ARO_description "UPDATED ARO_description with TEM-121 is an inhibitor-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes. " 1088 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus rpoB mutants conferring resistance to daptomycin peptide antibiotic; daptomycin resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB); antibiotic target alteration; daptomycin; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGGCAGGTCAAGTTGTCCAATATGGAAGACATCGTAAACGTAGAAACTACGCGAGAATTTCAGAAGTATTAGAATTACCAAACTTAATAGAAATTCAAACTAAATCTTACGAGTGGTTCCTAAGAGAAGGTTTAATCGAAATGTTTAGAGACATTTCTCCAATTGAAGATTTTACTGGTAATTTGTCATTAGAGTTTGTGGATTACCGTTTAGGAGAACCAAAATATGATTTAGAAGAATCTAAAAACCGTGACGCTACTTATGCTGCACCTCTTCGTGTAAAAGTGCGTCTAATCATTAAAGAAACAGGAGAAGTTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTTTATGGGTGATTTCCCATTAATGACTGATACAGGTACGTTCGTTATCAATGGTGCAGAACGTGTAATCGTATCTCAATTAGTTCGTTCACCATCCGTTTATTTCAATGAAAAAATCGACAAAAATGGTCGTGAAAACTATGATGCAACAATTATTCCAAACCGAGGTGCATGGTTAGAATATGAAACAGATGCTAAAGATGTTGTATACGTGCGTATTGATAGAACACGTAAACTACCATTAACAGTATTGTTACGTGCATTAGGTTTCTCAAGTGACCAAGAAATTGTTGACCTTTTAGGTGACAATGAATATTTACGTAATACTTTAGAGAAAGACGGCACTGAAAACACTGAACAAGCGTTATTAGAAATCTATGAACGTTTACGTCCAGGTGAACCACCAACTGTTGAAAATGCTAAAAGTCTATTGTATTCACGTTTCTTTGATCCAAAACGCTATGACTTAGCAAGCGTGGGTCGTTATAAAACAAACAAAAAATTACATTTAAAACATCGTTTATTCAATCAAAAATTAGCTGAGCCAATTGTGAATACTGAAACTGGTGAAATTGTAGTTGAAGAAGGTACAGTGCTTGATCGTCGTAAAATCGACGAAATCATGGATGTACTTGAATCAAACGCAAACAGCGAAGTGTTTGAATTGCATGGTAGCGTTATAGACGAGCCAGTAGAAATTCAATCAATTAAAGTATATGTTCCTAACGATGATGAAGGTCGTACGACAACTGTAATTGGTAATGCTTTCCCTGACTCAGAAGTTAAATGTATTACACCGGCAGATATCATCGCTTCAATGAGTTACTTCTTTAACTTATTAAGTGGTATTGGATATACAGATGATATTGACCATTTAGGTAACCGTCGTTTACGTTCTGTAGGTGAATTACTACAAAACCAATTCCGTATCGGTTTATCAAGAATGGAAAGAGTTGTACGTGAAAGAATGTCAATTCAAGATACTGAGTCTATCACACCTCAACAATTAATTAATATTCGACCTGTTATTGCATCTATTAAAGAATTCTTTGGTAGCTCTCAATTATCACAATTCATGGACCAAGCAAATCCATTAGCTGAGTTAACGCATAAACGTCGTCTATCAGCATTAGGACCTGGTGGTTTAACACGTGAACGTGCTCAAATGGAAGTGCGTGACGTTCACTACTCTCACTATGGCCGTATGTGTCCAATTGAAACGCCTGAGGGACCAAACATTGGATTGATTAACTCATTATCAAGTTATGCACGTGTAAATGAATTCGGCTTTATTGAAACACCATATCGTAAAGTTGATTTAGATACACATGCTATCACTGATCAAATTGACTATTTAACAGCTGACGAAGAAGATAGCTATGTTGTAGCACAAGCAAACTCTAAATTAGATGAAAATGGTCGTTTCATGGATGATGAAGTTGTATGTCGTTTCCGTGGTAACAATACAGTTATGGCTAAAGAAAAAATGGATTATATGGATGTATCGCCGAAGCAAGTTGTTTCAGCAGCGACAGCATGTATTCCATTCTTAGAAAATGATGACTCAAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAAGCAGTGCCTTTGATGAATCCAGAAGCACCATTTGTTGGTACAGGTATGGAACACGTTGCAGCACGTGATTCTGGTGCAGCTATTACAGCTAAGCACAGAGGTCGTGTTGAACATGTTGAATCTAATGAAATTCTTGTACGTCGTCTAGTTGAAGAGAACGGCGTTGAGCATGAAGGTGAATTAGATCGCTATCCATTAGCTAAATTTAAACGTTCAAACTCAGGTACATGTTACAACCAACGTCCAATCGTTGCAGTTGGAGATGTTGTTGAGTTTAACGAGATTTTAGCAGATGGACCATCTATGGAATTAGGAGAAATGGCATTAGGTAGAAACGTAGTAGTTGGTTTCATGACTTGGGACGGTTACAACTATGAGGATGCCGTTATCATGAGTGAAAGACTTGTGAAAGATGACGTGTATACTTCTATTCATATTGAAGAGTATGAATCAGAAGCACGTGATACTAAGTTAGGACCTGAAGAAATCACAAGAGATATTCCTAATGTTTCTGAAAGTGCACTTAAGAACTTAGACGATCGTGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCAGAAGTAAAAGATGGAGATATTTTAGTTGGTAAAGTAACGCCTAAAGGTGTAACTGAGTTAACTGCCGAAGAAAGATTGTTACATGCAATCTTTGGTGAAAAAGCACGTGAAGTTAGAGATACTTCATTACGTGTACCTCACGGCGCTGGCGGTATCGTTCTTGATGTAAAAGTATTCAATCGTGAAGAAGGCGACGACACATTATCACCTGGTGTAAACCAATTAGTACGTGTATATATCGTTCAAAAACGTAAAATTCATGTTGGTGATAAGATGTGTGGTCGACATGGTAACAAAGGTGTCATTTCTAAGATTGTTCCTGAAGAAGATATGCCTTACTTACCAGATGGACGTCCGATTGATATCATGTTAAATCCTCTTGGTGTACCATCTCGTATGAACATCGGACAAGTATTAGAGCTACACTTAGGTATGGCTGCTAAAAATCTTGGTATTCACGTTGCATCACCAGTATTTGACGGTGCAAACGATGACGATGTATGGTCAACAATTGAAGAAGCTGGTATGGCTCGTGATGGTAAAACTGTACTTTATGATGGACGTACAGGTGAACCATTCGATAACCGTATTTCAGTAGGTGTAATGTACATGTTGAAACTTGCGCACATGGTTGATGATAAATTACATGCGCGTTCAACAGGACCATATTCACTTGTTACACAACAACCACTTGGCGGTAAAGCGCAATTCGGTGGACAACGTTTCGGTGAGATGGAGGTATGGGCACTTGAAGCATATGGTGCTGCATACACATTACAAGAAATCTTAACTTACAAATCCGATGATACAGTAGGACGTGTGAAAACATACGAGGCTATTGTTAAAGGTGAAAACATCTCTAGACCAAGTGTTCCAGAATCATTCCGAGTATTGATGAAAGAATTACAAAGTTTAGGTTTAGATGTAAAAGTTATGGATGAGCAAGATAATGAAATCGAAATGACAGACGTTGATGACGATGATGTTGTAGAACGCAAAGTAGATTTACAACAAAATGATGCTCCTGAAACACAAAAAGAAGTTACTGATTAA UPDATED fmax with 594382 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 590830 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG39568.1 UPDATED sequence with MAGQVVQYGRHRKRRNYARISEVLELPNLIEIQTKSYEWFLREGLIEMFRDISPIEDFTGNLSLEFVDYRLGEPKYDLEESKNRDATYAAPLRVKVRLIIKETGEVKEQEVFMGDFPLMTDTGTFVINGAERVIVSQLVRSPSVYFNEKIDKNGRENYDATIIPNRGAWLEYETDAKDVVYVRIDRTRKLPLTVLLRALGFSSDQEIVDLLGDNEYLRNTLEKDGTENTEQALLEIYERLRPGEPPTVENAKSLLYSRFFDPKRYDLASVGRYKTNKKLHLKHRLFNQKLAEPIVNTETGEIVVEEGTVLDRRKIDEIMDVLESNANSEVFELHGSVIDEPVEIQSIKVYVPNDDEGRTTTVIGNAFPDSEVKCITPADIIASMSYFFNLLSGIGYTDDIDHLGNRRLRSVGELLQNQFRIGLSRMERVVRERMSIQDTESITPQQLINIRPVIASIKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQANPLAELTHKRRLSALGPGGLTRERAQMEVRDVHYSHYGRMCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSSYARVNEFGFIETPYRKVDLDTHAITDQIDYLTADEEDSYVVAQANSKLDENGRFMDDEVVCRFRGNNTVMAKEKMDYMDVSPKQVVSAATACIPFLENDDSNRALMGANMQRQAVPLMNPEAPFVGTGMEHVAARDSGAAITAKHRGRVEHVESNEILVRRLVEENGVEHEGELDRYPLAKFKRSNSGTCYNQRPIVAVGDVVEFNEILADGPSMELGEMALGRNVVVGFMTWDGYNYEDAVIMSERLVKDDVYTSIHIEEYESEARDTKLGPEEITRDIPNVSESALKNLDDRGIVYIGAEVKDGDILVGKVTPKGVTELTAEERLLHAIFGEKAREVRDTSLRVPHGAGGIVLDVKVFNREEGDDTLSPGVNQLVRVYIVQKRKIHVGDKMCGRHGNKGVISKIVPEEDMPYLPDGRPIDIMLNPLGVPSRMNIGQVLELHLGMAAKNLGIHVASPVFDGANDDDVWSTIEEAGMARDGKTVLYDGRTGEPFDNRISVGVMYMLKLAHMVDDKLHARSTGPYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEILTYKSDDTVGRVKTYEAIVKGENISRPSVPESFRVLMKELQSLGLDVKVMDEQDNEIEMTDVDDDDVVERKVDLQQNDAPETQKEVTD " 3141 UPDATE MCR-1.6 peptide antibiotic; MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; colistin B; colistin A; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCACACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 5718 UPDATED accession with KY352406.1 UPDATED fmin with 4092 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 90371 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35732 UPDATED accession with AQK48217.1 UPDATED sequence with MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDHTAFIR " 3142 UPDATE MCR-1.3 peptide antibiotic; MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; colistin B; colistin A; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAGGTCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 20273 UPDATED accession with KU934208.1 UPDATED fmin with 18647 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with ANJ15621.1 UPDATED sequence with MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKVSQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR " 3143 UPDATE MCR-1.4 peptide antibiotic; MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; colistin B; colistin A; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATAATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 1626 UPDATED accession with KY041856.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with APM87143.1 UPDATED sequence with MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDNFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR " 3144 UPDATE MCR-8 peptide antibiotic; MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; colistin B; colistin A; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_name with MCR-8.1 " 276 UPDATE tetR antibiotic target alteration; fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2824 UPDATE Mycoplasma pneumoniae 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2825 UPDATE Halobacterium halobium 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to phenicol antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2826 UPDATE Streptococcus pneumoniae 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to macrolides and streptogramins antibiotics antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to streptogramins antibiotics; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; josamycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2827 UPDATE Mycobacterium tuberculosis ribD with mutation conferring resistance to para-aminosalicylic acid para-aminosalicylic acid; aminosalicylate resistant dihydrofolate reductase; antibiotic target replacement; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCCCGACTCTGGTCAGCTCGGAGCCGCTGACACCCCGCTAAGGCTGCTCAGCTCGGTGCATTACCTCACCGACGGCGAACTCCCCCAGCTTTACGACTATCCGGATGACGGCACCTGGTTGCGGGCGAACTTCATCAGCAGCTTGGACGGCGGCGCTACCGTCGATGGCACCAGCGGGGCGATGGCCGGGCCCGGCGACCGATTCGTCTTCAACCTGTTGCGTGAACTTGCCGACGTCATCGTGGTCGGCGTGGGCACCGTGCGCATTGAGGGCTACTCCGGCGTCCGGATGGGTGTCGTCCAGCGCCAGCACCGGCAGGCCCGAGGCCAAAGCGAAGTTCCGCAACTGGCAATCGTCACCAGGTCCGGTCGCCTTGACCGTGACATGGCGGTATTCACCCGGACCGAGATGGCACCGTTGGTGCTCACCACCACGGCGGTCGCCGATGACACGCGCCAGCGGCTCGCGGGCCTCGCCGAGGTGATCGCGTGCTCCGGCGACGATCCGGGCACGGTCGATGAGGCAGTGCTCGTGTCCCAGCTCGCGGCTCGCGGTCTGCGCCGGATCCTTACCGAAGGCGGGCCGACGTTGCTCGGGACATTCGTCGAGCGTGACGTGCTCGACGAGCTGTGTCTGACGATCGCCCCCTACGTCGTCGGCGGCCTGGCGCGCCGCATAGTGACGGGACCCGGGCAGGTGCTGACCCGGATGCGCTGTGCCCATGTCCTCACCGACGACTCCGGCTACCTGTACACCCGCTACGTCAAGACCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2987615 UPDATED accession with AL123456.3 UPDATED fmin with 2986838 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 83332 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39507 UPDATED accession with CCP45469.1 UPDATED sequence with MPDSGQLGAADTPLRLLSSVHYLTDGELPQLYDYPDDGTWLRANFISSLDGGATVDGTSGAMAGPGDRFVFNLLRELADVIVVGVGTVRIEGYSGVRMGVVQRQHRQARGQSEVPQLAIVTRSGRLDRDMAVFTRTEMAPLVLTTTAVADDTRQRLAGLAEVIACSGDDPGTVDEAVLVSQLAARGLRRILTEGGPTLLGTFVERDVLDELCLTIAPYVVGGLARRIVTGPGQVLTRMRCAHVLTDDSGYLYTRYVKT " 2820 UPDATE Chlamydia trachomatis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. UPDATED 8718 with T2611C UPDATED 8721 with A2059G UPDATED 8725 with C196A UPDATED 8719 with A2057G UPDATED 8718 with T2611C UPDATED 8721 with A2059G UPDATED 8725 with C196A UPDATED 8719 with A2057G " 2822 UPDATE Mycoplasma hominis 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2823 UPDATE Mycoplasma fermentans 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 3024 UPDATE KPC-24 antibiotic inactivation; penam; carbapenem; cephalosporin; monobactam; KPC beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTCACTGTATCGCCCTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 6093 UPDATED accession with KR052099.1 UPDATED fmin with 5211 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Klebsiella pneumoniae UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 573 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35915 UPDATED accession with AKQ06274.1 UPDATED sequence with MSLYRPLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ " 2381 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus UhpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin fosfomycin; antibiotic target alteration; UhpT; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACTTTTTTGATATCCATAAGATTCCGAACAAAGGCATTCCATTATCGGTACAACGTAAATTATGGCTTAGAAACTTCATGCAAGCTTTCTTCGTAGTGTTCTTTGTTTATATGGCTATGTATTTAATTCGAAACAACTTTAAGGCGGCACAACCGTTTTTAAAAGAGGAAATTGGATTATCTACATTAGAACTTGGTTATATCGGATTAGCATTTAGTATCACGTACGGTTTAGGGAAAACATTACTTGGATATTTTGTCGATGGACGTAACACAAAACGTATTATCTCATTCTTACTTATCTTATCTGCGATTACAGTTTTAATTATGGGATTTGTTTTAAGTTACTTTGGTTCAGTAATGGGATTATTAATTGTACTTTGGGGACTTAACGGGGTGTTCCAATCAGTTGGTGGACCTGCAAGTTATTCAACGATTTCAAGATGGGCGCCAAGAACGAAACGTGGCCGATACTTAGGGTTTTGGAATACATCACATAATATCGGTGGTGCCATTGCAGGTGGTGTTGCACTTTGGGGTGCTAATGTATTCTTCCATGGAAATGTTATAGGGATGTTCATTTTCCCATCGGTGATTGCATTACTTATTGGTATCGCAACATTATTTATCGGAAAAGATGATCCAGAAGAATTAGGATGGAATCGTGCTGAAGAAATTTGGGAAGAGCCGGTTGATAAAGAAAATATTGATTCTCAAGGTATGACAAAATGGGAGATCTTTAAAAAATATATCCTGGGAAATCCTGTTATATGGATTCTATGTGTTTCAAACGTCTTTGTATACATTGTACGAATCGGTATTGATAACTGGGCACCGTTATATGTGTCAGAGCATTTACACTTTAGTAAAGGCGATGCAGTTAATACGATATTCTACTTTGAAATTGGTGCTTTAGTTGCAAGTTTATTATGGGGCTACGTATCAGACTTATTAAAAGGTCGTCGTGCAATTGTAGCTATTGGCTGTATGTTTATGATTACATTTGTTGTCTTATTCTACACAAATGCTACAAGTGTAATGATGGTTAACATTTCATTGTTTGCATTAGGTGCGTTAATCTTTGGTCCGCAATTATTAATTGGTGTATCATTGACTGGTTTTGTTCCTAAAAATGCCATCAGTGTAGCAAACGGAATGACAGGTTCATTCGCGTATCTATTCGGTGACTCAATGGCAAAAGTTGGTTTGGCGGCTATTGCTGATCCAACACGTAACGGTTTAAACATCTTTGGATATACATTAAGTGGATGGACAGATGTTTTCATCGTCTTCTATGTTGCATTATTCCTAGGCATGATTCTATTAGGAATCGTTGCTTTCTATGAAGAAAAGAAAATTAGAAGTTTAAAAATCTAA UPDATED fmax with 248357 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 246977 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG39240 UPDATED sequence with MNFFDIHKIPNKGIPLSVQRKLWLRNFMQAFFVVFFVYMAMYLIRNNFKAAQPFLKEEIGLSTLELGYIGLAFSITYGLGKTLLGYFVDGRNTKRIISFLLILSAITVLIMGFVLSYFGSVMGLLIVLWGLNGVFQSVGGPASYSTISRWAPRTKRGRYLGFWNTSHNIGGAIAGGVALWGANVFFHGNVIGMFIFPSVIALLIGIATLFIGKDDPEELGWNRAEEIWEEPVDKENIDSQGMTKWEIFKKYILGNPVIWILCVSNVFVYIVRIGIDNWAPLYVSEHLHFSKGDAVNTIFYFEIGALVASLLWGYVSDLLKGRRAIVAIGCMFMITFVVLFYTNATSVMMVNISLFALGALIFGPQLLIGVSLTGFVPKNAISVANGMTGSFAYLFGDSMAKVGLAAIADPTRNGLNIFGYTLSGWTDVFIVFYVALFLGMILLGIVAFYEEKKIRSLKI " 2380 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus GlpT with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin fosfomycin; antibiotic target alteration; GlpT; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAATTTTCTTAAACCTGCAAAGCATATTAAGCCTTTGCCAGAAAATCAGATAGATGATACCTATAAACGATTACGTCTCCAAGTATTTCTTGGTATTTTCATCGGTTACGCTGGGTACTATTTATTACGTAAAAACTTTTCATTAGCGATGCCGGCATTGCAAGAGCAAGGTTTTACAAAAGCAGAACTAGGTTTTGCGCTTTCTGCTGTTTCCATCGCATATGGATTTAGTAAGTTCTTTATGGGTACTGTAAGTGATCGGAGCAATGCACGGATATTCTTAGTTCTTGGATTAGTACTCACTGCTATCGTCAATTTGTTAATGGGATTTGTACCGTTCTTTACATCAGGTATCGGTATTATGTTTGTCCTATTATTCTTAAATGGATGGTTTCAAGGTATGGGCTGGCCACCTTCAGGCCGTGTTCTCGTTCACTGGTTTAGTGTAAGTGAACGCGGAAGTAAGACTGCTCTTTGGAACGTTGCGCATAATGTTGGTGGAGGTATTATGGCACCTATTGCTGCTTGGGGTATTACAACAACAGCATTTATCAACTTTGGTTATTTAAAAGGTTTTGAAGGTGTATTCATTTACCCTGCACTCTTAGCACTTATCATTGCCGCAATTTCATATATATTGATTAGAGACACACCTCAATCTCAAGGTTTACCTCCAATCGAAATTTATAAAAATGACTTTGCTACAAGCGATAAGAAAACATTAGAAACAGAATTAACTACAAAAGAAATTTTATTTAAATATGTACTGAACAATAAATGGGTATGGGCAATTGCCTTTGCAAATATATTTGTTTATTTCGTGCGTTATGGTGTACTTGATTGGGCGCCAGTCTACTTAAGTGAAGAAAAACATTTCGACTTAAAAGCATCAGGTTGGGCATACTTCTTATACGAATGGGCTGGAATTCCTGGTACATTATTATGTGGTTACATTTCTGATAAATTATTCAAAGGTCGCCGTGGACCTGCTGGTTTCTTCTTTATGTTAGGTGTCACAGTATTTGTATTAATTTATTGGTTAAATCCTCCAGGCAATGCTTGGTTAGACAATGTCTCATTAATTGCCATTGGTTTCTTAATATATGGACCAGTTATGTTAATTGGTTTACAAGCATTAGATTATGTACCTAAAAAAGCAGCTGGCACAGCAGCTGGATTAACTGGATTATTTGGTTATCTGTTTGGTGCTGTAATGGCCAACATCGTCTTAGGTGCTGTAGTTGATAAATTCGGATGGGATGTCGGTTTTATTTTATTAACAGCAATCAGTGTGTTTGCAATGTTGAGCTTTATCCTCACTTGGAATAAAGTAGGACAAGAAACTGTTCATCATTAA UPDATED fmax with 379914 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 378555 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG39357 UPDATED sequence with MNFLKPAKHIKPLPENQIDDTYKRLRLQVFLGIFIGYAGYYLLRKNFSLAMPALQEQGFTKAELGFALSAVSIAYGFSKFFMGTVSDRSNARIFLVLGLVLTAIVNLLMGFVPFFTSGIGIMFVLLFLNGWFQGMGWPPSGRVLVHWFSVSERGSKTALWNVAHNVGGGIMAPIAAWGITTTAFINFGYLKGFEGVFIYPALLALIIAAISYILIRDTPQSQGLPPIEIYKNDFATSDKKTLETELTTKEILFKYVLNNKWVWAIAFANIFVYFVRYGVLDWAPVYLSEEKHFDLKASGWAYFLYEWAGIPGTLLCGYISDKLFKGRRGPAGFFFMLGVTVFVLIYWLNPPGNAWLDNVSLIAIGFLIYGPVMLIGLQALDYVPKKAAGTAAGLTGLFGYLFGAVMANIVLGAVVDKFGWDVGFILLTAISVFAMLSFILTWNKVGQETVHH " 2383 UPDATE ANT(4')-Ib antibiotic inactivation; aminoglycoside antibiotic; ribostamycin; paromomycin; kanamycin A; gentamicin B; lividomycin B; ANT(4'); lividomycin A; isepamicin; G418; neomycin; tobramycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGAATGGACCAATAATAATGACTAGAGAAGAAAGAATGAAGATTGTTCATGAAATTAAGGAACGAATATTGGATAAATATGGGGATGATGTTAAGGCTATTGGTGTTTATGGCTCTCTTGGTCGTCAGACTGATGGGCCCTATTCGGATATTGAGATGATGTGTGTCATGTCAACAGAGGAAGCAGAGTTCAGCCATGAATGGACAACCGGTGAGTGGAAGGTGGAAGTGAATTTTGATAGCGAAGAGATTCTACTAGATTATGCATCTCAGGTGGAATCAGATTGGCCGCTTACACATGGTCAATTTTTCTCTATTTTGCCGATTTATGATTCAGGTGGATACTTAGAGAAAGTGTATCAAACTGCTAAATCGGTAGAAGCCCAAACGTTCCACGATGCGATTTGTGCCCTTATCGTAGAAGAGCTGTTTGAATATGCAGGCAAATGGCGTAATATTCGTGTGCAAGGACCGACAACATTTCTACCATCCTTGACTGTACAGGTAGCAATGGCAGGTGCCATGTTGATTGGTCTGCATCATCGCATCTGTTATACGACGAGCGCTTCGGTCTTAACTGAAGCAGTTAAGCAATCAGATCTTCCTTCAGGTTATGACCATCTGTGCCAGTTCGTAATGTCTGGTCAACTTTCCGACTCTGAGAAACTTCTGGAATCGCTAGAGAATTTCTGGAATGGGATTCAGGAGTGGACAGAACGACACGGATATATAGTGGATGTGTCAAAACGCATACCATTTTGA UPDATED fmax with 27499 UPDATED accession with GQ900432.1 UPDATED fmin with 26737 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1280 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35508 UPDATED accession with ADA62098.1 UPDATED sequence with MNGPIIMTREERMKIVHEIKERILDKYGDDVKAIGVYGSLGRQTDGPYSDIEMMCVMSTEEAEFSHEWTTGEWKVEVNFDSEEILLDYASQVESDWPLTHGQFFSILPIYDSGGYLEKVYQTAKSVEAQTFHDAICALIVEELFEYAGKWRNIRVQGPTTFLPSLTVQVAMAGAMLIGLHHRICYTTSASVLTEAVKQSDLPSGYDHLCQFVMSGQLSDSEKLLESLENFWNGIQEWTERHGYIVDVSKRIPF UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 520 UPDATE AcrS tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; ciprofloxacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 522 UPDATE floR fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; florfenicol; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_description; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with floR is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. DT104 and Vibrio cholerae UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 523 UPDATE OXA-75 penam; antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; OXA beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACATTCAAGCACTCTTACTTATAACAAGCGCTATTTTTATTTCAGCCTGCTCACCTTATATAGTGACTGCTAATCCAAATTACAGTGCTTCAAAATCTGATGAAAAAGCAGAGAAAATTAAAAATTTATTTAACGAAGCACACACTACGGGTGTTTTAGTTATCCAACAAGGCCAAACTCAACAAAGCTATGGTAATGATCTTGCTCGTGCTTCGACCGAGTATGTACCTGCTTCGACCTTCAAAATGCTTAATGCTTTGATAGGCCTTGAGCACCATAAGGCAACCACTACAGAAGTATTTAAGTGGGACGGGCAAAAAAGGCTATTCCCAGAATGGGAAAAGAACATGACCCTAGGCGATGCTATGAAAGCTTCCGCTATTCCGGTTTATCAAGATTTAGCTCGTCGTATTGGACTTGAACTCATGTCTAATGAAGTGAAGCGTATTGGTTATGGCAATGCAGATATCGGTACCCAAGTCGATAATTTTTGGCTGGTGGGTCCTTTAAAAATTACTCCTCAACAAGAGGCACAATTTGCTTACAAGCTAGCTAATAAAACGCTTCCATTTAGCCAAAAAGTCCAAGATGAAGTGCAATCCATGCTATTCATAGAAGAAAAGAATGGAAATAAAATATACGCAAAAAGTGGTTGGGGATGGGATGTAAACCCACAAGTAGGCTGGTTAACTGGATGGGTTGTTCAGCCTCAAGGGAATATTGTAGCGTTCTCCCTTAACTTAGAAATGAAAAAAGGAATATCTAGCTCTGTTCGAAAAGAGATTACTTATAGAGGTTTAGAACAATTAGGTATTTTATAG UPDATED fmax with 1960402 UPDATED accession with CU468230.2 UPDATED fmin with 1959577 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii SDF UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 509170 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35534 UPDATED accession with CAP01453.1 UPDATED sequence with MNIQALLLITSAIFISACSPYIVTANPNYSASKSDEKAEKIKNLFNEAHTTGVLVIQQGQTQQSYGNDLARASTEYVPASTFKMLNALIGLEHHKATTTEVFKWDGQKRLFPEWEKNMTLGDAMKASAIPVYQDLARRIGLELMSNEVKRIGYGNADIGTQVDNFWLVGPLKITPQQEAQFAYKLANKTLPFSQKVQDEVQSMLFIEEKNGNKIYAKSGWGWDVNPQVGWLTGWVVQPQGNIVAFSLNLEMKKGISSSVRKEITYRGLEQLGIL " 2262 UPDATE mefC fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2263 UPDATE optrA pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with streptogramin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35945 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000026 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1401 UPDATE mefE fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGAAAATAGATAAAAAAAACGAGGCTTTCCTTATTGTAAGTAGAGGCATATCTCGAATTGGAGATATTATGTTTGACTTTGCGAATAATACCTTTCTTGCAGGATTAAATCCAACATCTTTATCATTGGTTGCAGTATATCAGTCACTAGAAAGTGTGATAGGTGTTCTTTTTAATTTATTTGGTGGAGTCATTGCAGATAGTTTCAAGCGGAAAAAAATTATTATTGTTGCAAATATCTTATGTGGTATTGCTTGTATAATTCTTTCATTCATATCACAAGAGCAGTGGATGGTCTTTGCAATTGTCATCACTAATATTATCTTGGCATTTATGAGTGCTTTTTCTGGACCGTCCTATAAAGCATTTACAAAAGAAATTGTAAAAAAGGATAGTATATCACAACTTAATTCATTGCTAGAGATAACAAGTACTATAATTAAAGTAACAATACCAATGGTAGCAATTTTATTATATAAGCTACTTGGGATACATGGTGTTTTACTATTGGATGGATTCTCATTTCTAATTGCTGCATCACTGATTTCCTTTATTGTACCCGTTAATGACGAAGTGGTCACAAAGGATAAAATGACAATAGGAGGAGTTTTAAATGACTTAAAAATAGGGTTTAAGTATATTTATAGTCATAAGACAATATTTATGATTATTATTCTCTCTGCTTTTGTTAATTTTTTTCTAGCAGCTTATAATTTATTGTTACCTTATAGTAATCAAATGTTTGGAGAAATTTCAGATGGGCTTTATGGTGTTTTTCTAACTGCGGAAGCAATTGGAGGATTTATTGGAGCGATATTAAGTGGTGTTATAAATAAAACCTTGTCAAGCAAACGTTTAATGGTCTTCTTATCATGTTCAGGATTGATGTTAATGCTATCAACGCCACTCTATTTTTTGTTTCAAAACTTCATTATTCTAGCCTTTTCTCCGGCATTATTTAGTCTATTTATTTCTATTTTTAATATTCAATTTTTCTCTATTGTTCAAAGAGAAGTTGATACTGAGTTTCTCGGTAGAGTCTTTGGAATCATCTTTACGGTAGCTATTCTTTTTATGCCAGTTGGGTCTGGATTTTTCTCAGTAGTTTTAAATCCTAACAATACTTTTAATCTTTTTATTATTGGTGTATCTATTACGATATTATCGCTAATATTCAGCACGCTATTGAAGAGGTATGATAAAAATAGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 954594 UPDATED accession with AE007317.1 UPDATED fmin with 953382 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 171101 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39596 UPDATED accession with AAK99775.1 UPDATED sequence with MKIDKKNEAFLIVSRGISRIGDIMFDFANNTFLAGLNPTSLSLVAVYQSLESVIGVLFNLFGGVIADSFKRKKIIIVANILCGIACIILSFISQEQWMVFAIVITNIILAFMSAFSGPSYKAFTKEIVKKDSISQLNSLLEITSTIIKVTIPMVAILLYKLLGIHGVLLLDGFSFLIAASLISFIVPVNDEVVTKDKMTIGGVLNDLKIGFKYIYSHKTIFMIIILSAFVNFFLAAYNLLLPYSNQMFGEISDGLYGVFLTAEAIGGFIGAILSGVINKTLSSKRLMVFLSCSGLMLMLSTPLYFLFQNFIILAFSPALFSLFISIFNIQFFSIVQREVDTEFLGRVFGIIFTVAILFMPVGSGFFSVVLNPNNTFNLFIIGVSITILSLIFSTLLKRYDKNS UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2267 UPDATE Escherichia coli nfsA mutations conferring resistance to nitrofurantoin antibiotic target alteration; nitrofuran antibiotic; nitrofurantoin; antibiotic resistant nfsA; model_sequences; model_param "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACGCCAACCATTGAACTTATTTGTGGCCATCGCTCCATTCGCCATTTCACTGATGAACCCATTTCCGAAGCGCAGCGTGAGGCGATTATTAACAGCGCCCGTGCGACGTCCAGTTCCAGTTTTTTGCAGTGCAGTAGCATTATTCGCATTACCGACAAAGCGTTACGTGAAGAACTGGTGACGCTGACCGGCGGGCAAAAACACGTAGCGCAAGCGGCGGAGTTCTGGGTGTTCTGTGCCGACTTTAACCGCCATTTACAGATCTGTCCGGATGCTCAGCTCGGCCTGGCGGAACAACTGTTGCTCGGTGTCGTTGATACGGCAATGATGGCGCAGAATGCATTAATCGCAGCGGAATCGCTGGGATTGGGCGGGGTATATATCGGCGGCCTGCGCAATAATATTGAAGCGGTGACGAAACTGCTTAAATTACCGCAGCATGTTCTGCCGCTGTTTGGGCTGTGCCTTGGCTGGCCTGCGGATAATCCGGATCTTAAGCCGCGTTTACCGGCCTCCATTTTGGTGCATGAAAACAGCTATCAACCGCTGGATAAAGGCGCACTGGCGCAGTATGACGAGCAACTGGCGGAATATTACCTCACCCGTGGCAGCAATAATCGCCGGGATACCTGGAGCGATCATATCCGCCGAACAATCATTAAAGAAAGCCGCCCATTTATTCTGGATTATTTGCACAAACAGGGTTGGGCGACGCGCTAA UPDATED fmax with 891906 UPDATED accession with U00096.3 UPDATED fmin with 891183 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 511145 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36849 UPDATED accession with AAC73938.1 UPDATED sequence with MTPTIELICGHRSIRHFTDEPISEAQREAIINSARATSSSSFLQCSSIIRITDKALREELVTLTGGQKHVAQAAEFWVFCADFNRHLQICPDAQLGLAEQLLLGVVDTAMMAQNALIAAESLGLGGVYIGGLRNNIEAVTKLLKLPQHVLPLFGLCLGWPADNPDLKPRLPASILVHENSYQPLDKGALAQYDEQLAEYYLTRGSNNRRDTWSDHIRRTIIKESRPFILDYLHKQGWATR DELETED 3468 DELETED 3468 " 2264 UPDATE oleC penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; oleandomycin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 2265 UPDATE salA pleuromutilin; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED param_value with 1100 " 2769 UPDATE MdtNOP fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; puromycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. UPDATED 7752 with 1442,2056,45,2330 UPDATED param_type_id with 41141 UPDATED param_type with efflux pump components UPDATED param_description with This detection model parameter describes efflux pump components that are to be detected together (e.g., efflux pump subunits and regulators) using sequential model IDs, separated by commas. For example: 2685,440,1925,1305. " 1237 UPDATE Mycobacterium tuberculosis rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin rifampin; rifapentine; rifabutin; peptide antibiotic; rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB); antibiotic target replacement; antibiotic target alteration; rifamycin antibiotic; rifaximin; model_param "UPDATED 8882 with -S512,-Q513,-F514,H526Q " 1231 UPDATE mel pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGAAAAATACAACAATTGGAAACTTAAGTTTTATACAATATGGGCAGGGCAAGCAGTATCATTAATCACTAGTGCCATCTTGCAAATGGCGATTATTTTTTACCTTACAGAAAAAACTGGATCCGCGATGGTCTTGTCTATGGCTTCACTATTAGGTTTTTTACCCTATGCGGTCTTTGGACCTGCAATTGGTGTGCTAGTGGATCGTCATGATAGGAAGAAGATAATGATTGGTGCTGATTTAATTATCGCAGCAGCTGGTTCGGTGCTTACTATTGTTGCATTCTATATGGAGCTACCTGTCTGGATGGTTATGATAGTATTGTTTATCCGTAGCATTGGAACAGCTTTTCACACCCCGGCTCTCAATGCGGTTACGCCACTTTTAGTACCAGAAGAACAGCTTACGAAATGTGCAGGCTATAGTCAGTCTTTGCAGTCTATAAGCTATATTGTTAGTCCGGCGGTTGCAGCACTCTTATACTCCGTTTGGGAACTAAATGCTATTATTGCCATCGATGTATTGGGTGCTGTGATTGCATCTATTACGGTAGCAATTGTACGTATTCCTAAGCTGGGTGATCGCGTGCAAAGTTTGGACCCAAATTTCATAAGAGAAATGCAAGAAGGAATGGCTGTACTACGGCAAAATAAAGGATTATTTGCTTTATTACTCGTTGGAACATTATATATGTTTGTTTATATGCCAATTAATGCACTATTCCCTTTAATTAGCATGGATTACTTTAATGGAACACCTGTGCATATTTCTATTACGGAAATTTCCTTTGCATCTGGAATGTTGATAGGGGGTCTATTATTAGGGTTATTTGGGAATTACCAAAAGCGAATCTTATTAATAACGGCATCCATTTTTATGATGGGGATAAGCTTAACCATTTCAGGATTACTTCCCCAAAGTGGATTTTTCATTTTTGTAGTCTGCTGTGCAATAATGGGGCTTTCTGTTCCGTTTTACAGCGGTGTGCAAACAGCTCTTTTTCAGGAGAAAATTAAGCCTGAATATTTAGGACGTGTATTTTCTTTAACTGGAAGTATCATGTCTCTTGCTATGCCAATTGGATTAATTCTTTCTGCACTCTTTGCTGATAGAATCGGTGTAAATCATTGGTTTTTACTATCAGGTACTTTAATTATTTGCATTGCAATAGTTTGCCCAATGATAAATGAGATTAGAAAATTAGATTTAAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 4487 UPDATED accession with AF227521.1 UPDATED fmin with 3269 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Streptococcus pyogenes UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1314 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36764 UPDATED accession with AAL73129.1 UPDATED sequence with MEKYNNWKLKFYTIWAGQAVSLITSAILQMAIIFYLTEKTGSAMVLSMASLLGFLPYAVFGPAIGVLVDRHDRKKIMIGADLIIAAAGSVLTIVAFYMELPVWMVMIVLFIRSIGTAFHTPALNAVTPLLVPEEQLTKCAGYSQSLQSISYIVSPAVAALLYSVWELNAIIAIDVLGAVIASITVAIVRIPKLGDRVQSLDPNFIREMQEGMAVLRQNKGLFALLLVGTLYMFVYMPINALFPLISMDYFNGTPVHISITEISFASGMLIGGLLLGLFGNYQKRILLITASIFMMGISLTISGLLPQSGFFIFVVCCAIMGLSVPFYSGVQTALFQEKIKPEYLGRVFSLTGSIMSLAMPIGLILSALFADRIGVNHWFLLSGTLIICIAIVCPMINEIRKLDLK UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. UPDATED param_value with 800 " 1232 UPDATE cmeR tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; fusidic acid; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; cefotaxime; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACTCAAATAGAACACCATCACAAAAAGTTTTAGCCAGACAAGAAAAAATCAAAGCAGTGGCCTTAGAGCTTTTTTTAACAAAAGGATACCAAGAAACAAGTTTGAGTGATATTATTAAATTATCTGGAGGATCTTATTCTAATATTTATGATGGTTTTAAAAGTAAAGAAGGGCTATTCTTTGAAATTTTAGATGACATATGTAAAAAACACTTTCATCTTATTTATTCCAAAACACAAGAAATTGAAAATGGCACTTTAAAAGAAATTTTAACTTCTTTTGGTTTAGCTTTTATAGAAATTTTCAATCAACCAGAAGCTGTAGCTTTTGGTAAAATTATCTATTCTCAAGTTTATGACAAAGATAGACATCTTGCCAATTGGATAGAAAATAATCAACAAAATTTTTCCTATAACATACTTATGGGTTTTTTCAAGCAACAAAATAATTCTTATATGAAAAAAAATGCAGAAAAACTTGCTGTTCTTTTTTGCACTATGTTAAAAGAACCTTATCATCATCTTAATGTTTTAATTAACGCTCCTTTGAAAAATAAAAAAGAACAAAAAGAACATGTTGAATTTGTTGTAAATGTTTTTCTAAATGGAATCAATAGCTCCAAAGCTTAA UPDATED fmax with 337548 UPDATED accession with AL111168.1 UPDATED fmin with 336915 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni NCTC 11168 = ATCC 700819 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 192222 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36956 UPDATED accession with CAL34518.1 UPDATED sequence with MNSNRTPSQKVLARQEKIKAVALELFLTKGYQETSLSDIIKLSGGSYSNIYDGFKSKEGLFFEILDDICKKHFHLIYSKTQEIENGTLKEILTSFGLAFIEIFNQPEAVAFGKIIYSQVYDKDRHLANWIENNQQNFSYNILMGFFKQQNNSYMKKNAEKLAVLFCTMLKEPYHHLNVLINAPLKNKKEQKEHVEFVVNVFLNGINSSKA UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 1233 UPDATE tet32 chlortetracycline; demeclocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline antibiotic; tetracycline; antibiotic target protection; minocycline; tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein; doxycycline; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAATAATCAATATCGGCATTCTGGCCCATGTAGACGCAGGAAAAACTACATTGACAGAAAGTCTGCTATACACCAGTGGAGCGATTGCGGAACAGGGAAACGTGGATAAAGGGACCACAAGAACAGACACTATGATTTTGGAACGGCAACGGGGAATTACCATTCAGACAGCGGTTACTTCTTTTTATTGGAATGATTATAAAATCAATATCGTGGACACTCCCGGTCATATGGATTTTTTAACCGAAGCATACCGCTCTTTATCTGTCCTTGACGGAGCTGTTTTAGTCATTTCAGCAAAAGACGGCGTACAGGCACAAACCCGTATATTATTCCATGCGCTTCAGAAAATGGACATTCCGACAATTATCTTTATAAATAAGATAGACCAAAATGGGATCGACCTGCAGTGTGTTTACCAAAGCATTAAAGATAAACTTACCAGTGATATGATTGTCATGCAGGAGGTTTCCCTGTCGCCAAAGATAACCATGACCGATATTTCTGATTTAGACAAATGGGATATGATTATTTCCGGAAGCGATGAACTATTAGAACGATATGTTGCAGAGGATTCTTTGGATATACAGGAATTACAATATGAAAAGTGCAAAAGAACCAGATGCTGCTCTTTGTTTCCTGTTTATCATGGGAGTGCAAAAGACAATTTAGGAACAGAAAAACTGATTGAAGCGATTATAGAAACTTTCATTACAGAAACGGACGATATTCAGTCTGAATTATGTGGATATGTTTTTAAGGTTGAGTATACAGAGCGGAAAAAACGGCTTTCTTATTTACGCCTGTATCATGGGACGCTCCATTTACGGGATACCCTGCTGCTGTCAAAAAAGGAAAAAATAAAGATTACAGAAATGTGTATTCCGTCAAATGGTGAAATCGTCCCGGCTGACCATGCCTGTCCGGGAGAAATTGTTATTTTAGCTGATGATACTTTGAAACTGAACGATATCCTGGGAAATGAAAAACTCCTGCCTCACAAAACACGGATTGATAATCCCATGCCATTACTTCGGACAACGGTAGAGCCGCAAAAGCCGGAGCAAAGGGAAGCCCTGTTAAATGCCCTCGCAGAGATTGCTGATACAGACCCTCTTTTGCATTTTGACATTGATACTGTTACCCATGAGATTATGTTATCTTTTTTGGGAAAAGTACAGTTAGAAGTTATTTGTTCGCTATTAGAAGAAAAATATCATGTGGGCGTGGCTATGAAAGAGCCTTCGGTTATTTATCTGGAAAGACCGCAAAAAAAAGCGAGCTGCACGATTCATATTGAAGTGCCGCCGAATCCGTTTTGGGCATCTATTGGTTTGACTGTAACACCGCTTCCTGTTGGAAGCGGAACACAATATAAAAGCGAGGTATCTCTCGGCTATTTAAACCAAAGTTTTCAAAATGCCGTCATGGAGGGTGTGCGTTATGGAATGGAGCAGGGCTTATATGGCTGGGGAGTGACAGACTGCCAAATTTGTTTTGATTATGGAGTTTATTACAGCCCGGTCAGCACCCCCGCTGATTTTCGTTTTCTTGCGCCTGTCGTGTTGGAGCAGGCATTGAAAAAAGCAGGGACACAACTGTTGGAACCATACCTTTCCTTTACCCTTTTTGCACCGCAGGAATATCTTTCACGGGCTTATAATGATGCACCAAAGTATTGCGCAATCATTGAATCAACCAGACTTGAAAAAGATGAAGTTATTTTTAAGGGTGAAATCCCTGCCCGTTGTATCGGTGAATATAGGAATGATCTGAATTTTTATACAAATGGAAGAAGTGTCTGCATTACAGAATTAAAAGGGTATCAGGAAACTTCCGGCGAGCCTGTATTTCAGCCACGCCGCCCGAACAGCCGTTTAGACAAGATCCGGCATATGTTTCAGAAGATAATGTAA UPDATED fmax with 3852 UPDATED accession with EU722333.1 UPDATED fmin with 1932 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with ACH87088.1 UPDATED sequence with MKIINIGILAHVDAGKTTLTESLLYTSGAIAEQGNVDKGTTRTDTMILERQRGITIQTAVTSFYWNDYKINIVDTPGHMDFLTEAYRSLSVLDGAVLVISAKDGVQAQTRILFHALQKMDIPTIIFINKIDQNGIDLQCVYQSIKDKLTSDMIVMQEVSLSPKITMTDISDLDKWDMIISGSDELLERYVAEDSLDIQELQYEKCKRTRCCSLFPVYHGSAKDNLGTEKLIEAIIETFITETDDIQSELCGYVFKVEYTERKKRLSYLRLYHGTLHLRDTLLLSKKEKIKITEMCIPSNGEIVPADHACPGEIVILADDTLKLNDILGNEKLLPHKTRIDNPMPLLRTTVEPQKPEQREALLNALAEIADTDPLLHFDIDTVTHEIMLSFLGKVQLEVICSLLEEKYHVGVAMKEPSVIYLERPQKKASCTIHIEVPPNPFWASIGLTVTPLPVGSGTQYKSEVSLGYLNQSFQNAVMEGVRYGMEQGLYGWGVTDCQICFDYGVYYSPVSTPADFRFLAPVVLEQALKKAGTQLLEPYLSFTLFAPQEYLSRAYNDAPKYCAIIESTRLEKDEVIFKGEIPARCIGEYRNDLNFYTNGRSVCITELKGYQETSGEPVFQPRRPNSRLDKIRHMFQKIM " 2763 UPDATE MdtABC-TolC penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; novobiocin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2762 UPDATE MexMN-OprM penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; thiamphenicol; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2761 UPDATE MexPQ-OpmE tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; imipenem; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; thiamphenicol; rokitamycin; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; kitasamycin; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; acriflavine; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2760 UPDATE MexGHI-OpmD penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; acriflavine; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2766 UPDATE EmrKY-TolC fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2765 UPDATE EmrAB-TolC fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; nalidixic acid; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 109 UPDATE ErmE antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2286 UPDATE Borrelia burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin fosfomycin; antibiotic target alteration; murA transferase; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCATAGTTATATTGTAGAAGGCGGCTATAAGATAGGTGGTCAAATTACAGCTAGTGGGAATAAGAACGCTGCTTTACCCTGTATTTTGGCTGCTTTACTTACCGATGAAGAGGTTATTTTAGAAAATATTCCTAATATTAATGATGTAAAAGTTGTTTTAGATATTTTAAATGACATAGGAGCAGATATTGCAAGAGAGGGAAATACTTTAAAAATAAAAGTTTTAAATATTGTGAAAACAGAAATAGATTCTTCTTTTACAGATTTAATTAGGGCTTCCATACTTTTATTAGGGCCTTTTGTTTCTAGGTTTGGAAAAATAGATATGGCGCTTCCAGGAGGAGATGTGATTGGAAAGAGGAGGCTTGATACTCATTTTTACGGGCTTTGCAAGCTGGGGGCCAAGTTAAGCACAAAAGATAGAAGGATTGTTTTAAAGGCTAACAAGCTTGTTGGCGCTGAAATGTTTTTAGATGAAGCTTCTGTTACAGCCACAGAAAATATCATTATGGCTGCAGTTCTTGCTGAAGGAAATACTGTTATTATGAACGCTGCTTGTGAGCCACATGTTCAAGATTTGTGTAATATGTTAAATTCAATGGGCGCTAATATTTTAGGAATTGGTTCAAATGTTTTAGAAATAAAAGGTGTAAAAAAATTAAGTGGGACCGTATTTAGAATAGGAGCCGATTTCATGCAAGTTGGTTCTTTAATTAGCCTTGCTGCATTAACAGGGGGTGAGTTGGAAATTAAAAAAGCAGATCCCCAACATTTCAGATTAATTAGGCATGTATATTCAAGACTTGGCATTAATTTTGAATATGACAGGGAAAATGTATATGTAAGAAATAAACAAGAATTAAAAGTTAAGTTAGATTTTGGTGGGCACATTCCAAAAATTGATGATGGCCCATGGCCAGCCTTTCCAACAGACCTTATGAGTATTATTGTAGTTACTGCAACGCAAGTAGAAGGCACAGTTTTAGTTTTTGAGAAGATGTTTGAATCTAGGATGTTTTTTGTAGATAAATTAATAAAAATGGGTGCTCGAATTGTGCTTTGTGATCCACACCGCGTAGTAGTTACGGGCAAATCTTCTCTTAAAGGCAATGTTTTGTCTTCTCCGGATGTACGAGCGGGAATGTCTCTTCTTATTGCTGCTTTTGTTGCTGAAGGTCGCAGCGAGATTCAAAATGTTTATCAAATTGAAAGAGGATACGAAGATGTAGTTAACAAATTGATTAATTTGGGTGCAAAAATCAAGAAAGTTAAAAGTCAATAG UPDATED fmax with 491927 UPDATED accession with AE000783.1 UPDATED fmin with 490643 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Borreliella burgdorferi B31 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 224326 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40455 UPDATED accession with AAC66824.2 UPDATED sequence with MHSYIVEGGYKIGGQITASGNKNAALPCILAALLTDEEVILENIPNINDVKVVLDILNDIGADIAREGNTLKIKVLNIVKTEIDSSFTDLIRASILLLGPFVSRFGKIDMALPGGDVIGKRRLDTHFYGLCKLGAKLSTKDRRIVLKANKLVGAEMFLDEASVTATENIIMAAVLAEGNTVIMNAACEPHVQDLCNMLNSMGANILGIGSNVLEIKGVKKLSGTVFRIGADFMQVGSLISLAALTGGELEIKKADPQHFRLIRHVYSRLGINFEYDRENVYVRNKQELKVKLDFGGHIPKIDDGPWPAFPTDLMSIIVVTATQVEGTVLVFEKMFESRMFFVDKLIKMGARIVLCDPHRVVVTGKSSLKGNVLSSPDVRAGMSLLIAAFVAEGRSEIQNVYQIERGYEDVVNKLINLGAKIKKVKSQ UPDATED model_name with Borreliella burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin UPDATED ARO_name with Borreliella burgdorferi murA with mutation conferring resistance to fosfomycin " 1542 UPDATE amrA penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAATACGAATGGGCACGCACGCGCCGCTTGTCGGCGGCGCTCGCGGTCGCGGCGTTCGTCGCGGCCGGCTGCGGCAAGCACGAAAGCGAGCACGACGCCGCCGCGCCGCGCGAGGCGAGCGTCGTCACGGTGAAGAAGACATCGGTGCCGCTGTCGGTCGAATTGCCGGGCCGGCTCGACGCGTACCGGCAGGCCGAGGTGCGCGCGCGGGTCGCGGGCATCGTGACCGCGCGCACCTACGAGGAAGGGCAGGAAGTCAAGCGCGGCGCGGTGCTGTTCAGGATCGATCCCGCGCCGTTCAAGGCGGCGCGCGACGCGGCCGCGGGCGCGCTCGAGAAGGCGCGGGCCGCGCACCTCGCGGCGCTCGACAAGCGCCGCCGCTATGACGAGCTCGTGCGCGACCGCGCGGTCAGCGAGCGCGACCACACCGAGGCGCTCGCCGACGAACGGCAGGCGAAGGCGGCCGTCGCGTCGGCGCGCGCGGAGCTCGCGCGCGCGCAACTGCAGCTCGATTACGCGACCGTCACCGCGCCGATCGACGGCCGCGCGCGCCGCGCGCTCGTGACCGAAGGCGCGCTCGTCGGCCAGGATCAGGCGACGCCGCTCACGACCGTCGAGCAGCTCGATCCGATCTACGTGAACTTCTCGCAGCCCGCGGCCGACGTCGAATCGCTGCGGCGCGCGGTGAAGAGCGGACGCGCGGCGGGCATCGCGCAGCAGGACGTCGAGGTGACGCTCGTGCGCCCGGACGGCAGCACGTACGCGCGCAAGGGCAAGCTGCTGTTCGCGGATCTTGCCGTCGACCCGTCCACCGACACGGTGGCGATGCGTGCGCTCTTTCCGAACCCGGAGCGCGAACTGCTGCCCGGCGCGTACGTGCGGATCGCGCTCGATCGCGCGGTCGCGCGCGACGCGATCCTCGTGCCGCGCGACGCGCTGCTGCGCACGGCCGACAGCGCGACCGTCAAGGTCGTCGGCCAGAACGGCAAGATACGCGACGTGACGGTCGAGGCCGCGCAGATGAAAGGCCGCGACTGGATCGTCACGCGCGGGCTCGCGGGCGGCGAGCGCGTCGTCGTCGTCGACGCCGCGCAATTCGAAGCAGGCACGACGGTGAAGGCGCTCGAGCGCGGCGCCGCCGCGCAGCCGGCCTCCGGCGCCGCCGCGGCTTCCGCGCCCGGCCGGCGCTCAACCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2152165 UPDATED accession with BX571965.1 UPDATED fmin with 2150965 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 272560 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 41211 UPDATED accession with CAH35803.1 UPDATED sequence with MKYEWARTRRLSAALAVAAFVAAGCGKHESEHDAAAPREASVVTVKKTSVPLSVELPGRLDAYRQAEVRARVAGIVTARTYEEGQEVKRGAVLFRIDPAPFKAARDAAAGALEKARAAHLAALDKRRRYDELVRDRAVSERDHTEALADERQAKAAVASARAELARAQLQLDYATVTAPIDGRARRALVTEGALVGQDQATPLTTVEQLDPIYVNFSQPAADVESLRRAVKSGRAAGIAQQDVEVTLVRPDGSTYARKGKLLFADLAVDPSTDTVAMRALFPNPERELLPGAYVRIALDRAVARDAILVPRDALLRTADSATVKVVGQNGKIRDVTVEAAQMKGRDWIVTRGLAGGERVVVVDAAQFEAGTTVKALERGAAAQPASGAAAASAPGRRST UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2046 UPDATE tet(33) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 900 UPDATE tet(C) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2100 UPDATE Mycobacterium chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_category; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to amikacin. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED model_name with Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin " 907 UPDATE fexA fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; florfenicol; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 904 UPDATE rmtB kanamycin A; aminoglycoside antibiotic; isepamicin; 16S rRNA methyltransferase (G1405); sisomicin; arbekacin; gentamicin B; netilmicin; antibiotic target alteration; gentamicin C; amikacin; dibekacin; G418; tobramycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACATCAACGATGCCCTCACCTCCATCCTGGCCTCAAAAAAATACCGCGCCCTTTGCCCGGATACCGTGCGGCGCATCCTGACTGAGGAATGGGGGCGGCATAAATCCCCCAAACAGACCGTAGAGGCTGCACGCACCCGGCTGCATGGAATTTGCGGGGCATATGTCACCCCGGAATCGCTCAAGGCTGCTGCCGCCGCGCTTTCTGCGGGCGATGTAAAAAAGGCATTGTCGCTGCATGCCTCCACCAAGGAGCGACTGGCCGAGCTGGATACCCTGTACGATTTTATCTTTTCAGCCGAAACTCCCCGCCGCGTGCTGGATATCGCCTGCGGTCTTAACCCCTTGGCGCTATACGAGCGCGGCATTGCATCCGTGTGGGGCTGTGATATCCACCAGGGATTGGGGGATGTCATCACCCCCTTTGCTAGGGAAAAAGATTGGGATTTTACCTTTGCCCTGCAGGATGTGCTGTGTGCGCCGCCCGCCGAAGCCGGCGACCTGGCGCTGATTTTTAAGCTTTTGCCCCTGCTGGAGCGGGAGCAGGCCGGTTCTGCCATGGCACTTTTACAATCCCTCAATACCCCGCGCATGGCTGTCAGCTTTCCCACGCGTAGTTTAGGCGGGCGTGGAAAAGGCATGGAGGCGAACTACGCCGCATGGTTCGAGGGCGGCTTGCCCGCCGAGTTTGAGATTGAGGATAAAAAGACCATCGGAACAGAACTTATATACTTGATAAAAAAGAATGGATAA UPDATED fmax with 117235 UPDATED accession with AM886293.1 UPDATED fmin with 116479 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with CAP07796.1 UPDATED sequence with MNINDALTSILASKKYRALCPDTVRRILTEEWGRHKSPKQTVEAARTRLHGICGAYVTPESLKAAAAALSAGDVKKALSLHASTKERLAELDTLYDFIFSAETPRRVLDIACGLNPLALYERGIASVWGCDIHQGLGDVITPFAREKDWDFTFALQDVLCAPPAEAGDLALIFKLLPLLEREQAGSAMALLQSLNTPRMAVSFPTRSLGGRGKGMEANYAAWFEGGLPAEFEIEDKKTIGTELIYLIKKNG " 33 UPDATE msrE pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGTTTAATTATTAAAGCGAGAAACATACGCTTGGATTATGCTGGGCGTGATGTTTTGGATATTGATGAATTGGAAATTCACTCTTATGACCGTATTGGTCTTGTGGGTGATAACGGAGCAGGAAAGAGTAGTTTACTCAAAGTACTTAATGGCGAAATTGTTTTAGCCGAAGCGACATTACAGCGTTTTGGTGATTTTGCACATATCAGCCAACTGGGCGGAATCGAAATAGAAACGGTCGAAGACCGGGCAATGTTATCTCGCCTTGGTGTTTCCAATGTACAAAACGACACAATGAGTGGCGGAGAGGAAACTCGTGCAAAAATTGCTGCCGCATTTTCCCAACAAGTACATGGCATTCTAGCGGATGAACCAACCAGCCACCTTGATCTCAATGGAATAGATCTACTTATTGGTCAACTTAAAGCATTTGATGGAGCATTACTTGTTATCAGTCATGACCGATATTTTCTTGATATGGTTGTAGACAAGATATGGGAGTTAAAAGACGGTAAAATTACGGAATATTGGGGTGGTTACTCGGATTACTTGCGTCAAAAAGAAGAAGAGCGACAACACCAAGCCGTAGAATATGAGCTGATGATGAAGGAACGGGAGCGATTAGAATCTGCTGTGCAAGAAAAACGCCAGCAAGCTAATCGATTAGACAATAAGAAAAAAGGAGAAAAATCCAAAAACTCTACCGAAAGTGCTGGACGACTTGGGCATGCAAAAATGACTGGCACCAAGCAAAGAAAACTGTATCAGGCAGCTAAGAGTATGGAAAAGCGTTTGGCTGCATTAGAAGATATTCAAGCACCAGAGCATTTGCGTTCTATTCGTTTTCGTCAAAGTTCAGCCCTAGAACTGCACAATAAGTTCCCGATTACGGCAGATGGTCTGAGCTTAAAATTTGGTAGCCGTACTATCTTTGATGACGCTAACTTTATAATACCGCTTGGCGCTAAAGTCGCTATAACTGGATCGAATGGAACAGGGAAAACGTCCTTGTTAAAAATGATATCAGAACGTGCTGATGGATTAACCATATCTCCAAAAGCTGAAATTGGCTACTTTACACAAACAGGATATAAATTTAACACGCATAAATCTGTGCTCTCCTTTATGCAGGAAGAGTGCGAGTACACAGTTGCGGAAATTCGTGCAGTATTGGCTTCAATGGGGATCGGAGCGAATGATATTCAAAAAAACTTATCCGACTTATCGGGAGGTGAAATCATCAAACTGCTTTTATCCAAAATGCTTTTAGGAAAATATAATATTTTGCTTATGGATGAACCAGGAAACTATCTTGACCTAAAAAGTATTGCCGCATTAGAAACAATGATGAAGTCCTATGCAGGAACTATTATCTTCGTATCTCATGACAAGCAATTGGTCGATAATATTGCTGACATTATCTACGAGATCAAAGACCACAAAATCATCAAGACTTTTGAGAGAGATTGTTAA UPDATED fmax with 22717 UPDATED accession with EU294228.1 UPDATED fmin with 21241 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 470 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35507 UPDATED accession with ACB05808.1 UPDATED sequence with MSLIIKARNIRLDYAGRDVLDIDELEIHSYDRIGLVGDNGAGKSSLLKVLNGEIVLAEATLQRFGDFAHISQLGGIEIETVEDRAMLSRLGVSNVQNDTMSGGEETRAKIAAAFSQQVHGILADEPTSHLDLNGIDLLIGQLKAFDGALLVISHDRYFLDMVVDKIWELKDGKITEYWGGYSDYLRQKEEERQHQAVEYELMMKERERLESAVQEKRQQANRLDNKKKGEKSKNSTESAGRLGHAKMTGTKQRKLYQAAKSMEKRLAALEDIQAPEHLRSIRFRQSSALELHNKFPITADGLSLKFGSRTIFDDANFIIPLGAKVAITGSNGTGKTSLLKMISERADGLTISPKAEIGYFTQTGYKFNTHKSVLSFMQEECEYTVAEIRAVLASMGIGANDIQKNLSDLSGGEIIKLLLSKMLLGKYNILLMDEPGNYLDLKSIAALETMMKSYAGTIIFVSHDKQLVDNIADIIYEIKDHKIIKTFERDC UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1847 UPDATE emrB fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; nalidixic acid; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1240 UPDATE mphL antibiotic inactivation; macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH); macrolide antibiotic; model_sequences "DELETED 5082 " 1243 UPDATE mphA antibiotic inactivation; macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH); oleandomycin; dirithromycin; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; roxithromycin; clarithromycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACCGTAGTCACGACCGCCGATACCTCCCAACTGTACGCACTTGCAGCCCGACATGGGCTCAAGCTCCATGGCCCGCTGACTGTCAATGAGCTTGGGCTCGACTATAGGATCGTGATCGCCACCGTCGACGATGGACGTCGGTGGGTGCTGCGCATCCCGCGCCGAGCCGAGGTAAGCGCGAAGGTCGAACCAGAGGCGCGGGTGCTGGCAATGCTCAAGAATCGCCTGCCGTTCGCGGTGCCGGACTGGCGCGTGGCCAACGCCGAGCTCGTTGCCTATCCCATGCTCGAAGACTCGACTGCGATGGTCATCCAGCCTGGTTCGTCCACGCCCGACTGGGTCGTGCCGCAGGACTCGGAGGTCTTCGCGGAGAGCTTCGCGACCGCGCTCGCCGCCCTGCATGCCGTCCCCATTTCCGCCGCCGTGGATGCGGGGATGCTCATCCGTACACCGACGCAGGCCCGTCAGAAGGTGGCCGACGACGTTGACCGCGTCCGACGCGAGTTCGTGGTGAACGACAAGCGCCTCCACCGGTGGCAGCGCTGGCTCGACGACGATTCGTCGTGGCCAGATTTCTCCGTGGTGGTGCATGGCGATCTCTACGTGGGCCATGTGCTCATCGACAACACGGAGCGCGTCAGCGGGATGATCGACTGGAGCGAGGCCCGCGTTGATGACCCTGCCATCGACATGGCCGCGCACCTTATGGTCTTTGGTGAAGAGGGGCTCGCGAAGCTCCTCCTCACGTATGAAGCGGCCGGTGGCCGGGTGTGGCCGCGGCTCGCCCACCACATCGCGGAGCGCCTTGCGTTCGGGGCGGTCACCTACGCACTCTTCGCCCTCGACTCGGGTAACGAAGAGTACCTCGCTGCGGCGAAGGCGCAGCTCGCCGCAGCGGAATGA UPDATED fmax with 2531 UPDATED accession with D16251.1 UPDATED fmin with 1625 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with BAA03776.1 UPDATED sequence with MTVVTTADTSQLYALAARHGLKLHGPLTVNELGLDYRIVIATVDDGRRWVLRIPRRAEVSAKVEPEARVLAMLKNRLPFAVPDWRVANAELVAYPMLEDSTAMVIQPGSSTPDWVVPQDSEVFAESFATALAALHAVPISAAVDAGMLIRTPTQARQKVADDVDRVRREFVVNDKRLHRWQRWLDDDSSWPDFSVVVHGDLYVGHVLIDNTERVSGMIDWSEARVDDPAIDMAAHLMVFGEEGLAKLLLTYEAAGGRVWPRLAHHIAERLAFGAVTYALFALDSGNEEYLAAAKAQLAAAE " 1245 UPDATE TEM-114 penam; antibiotic inactivation; penem; cephalosporin; monobactam; TEM beta-lactamase; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with TEM-114 is an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase found in Klebsiella aerogenes. UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Klebsiella aerogenes " 1246 UPDATE AAC(2')-Ic antibiotic inactivation; AAC(2'); arbekacin; gentamicin B; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; tobramycin; ARO_description "UPDATED ARO_description with AAC(2')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis " 1248 UPDATE H-NS benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; oxacillin; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; cloxacillin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; ciprofloxacin; peptide antibiotic; fosfomycin; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; triclosan; acridine dye; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCGAAGCACTTAAAATTCTGAACAACATCCGTACTCTTCGTGCGCAGGCAAGAGAATGTACACTTGAAACGCTGGAAGAAATGCTGGAAAAATTAGAAGTTGTTGTTAACGAACGTCGCGAAGAAGAAAGCGCGGCTGCTGCTGAAGTTGAAGAGCGCACTCGTAAACTGCAGCAATATCGCGAAATGCTGATCGCTGACGGTATTGACCCGAACGAGCTGCTGAATAGCCTTGCCGCCGTTAAATCTGGCACCAAAGCTAAACGTGCTCAGCGTCCGGCAAAATATAGCTACGTTGACGAAAACGGCGAAACTAAAACCTGGACTGGCCAGGGCCGTACTCCAGCTGTAATCAAAAAAGCAATGGATGAGCAAGGTAAATCCCTCGACGATTTCCTGATCAAGCAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1738104 UPDATED accession with BA000007.3 UPDATED fmin with 1737690 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 386585 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36747 UPDATED accession with BAB35162.1 UPDATED sequence with MSEALKILNNIRTLRAQARECTLETLEEMLEKLEVVVNERREEESAAAAEVEERTRKLQQYREMLIADGIDPNELLNSLAAVKSGTKAKRAQRPAKYSYVDENGETKTWTGQGRTPAVIKKAMDEQGKSLDDFLIKQ UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 431 UPDATE Escherichia coli marR mutant conferring antibiotic resistance antibiotic target alteration; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2143 UPDATE Borrelia burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to gentamicin UPDATED ARO_name with Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Borreliella burgdorferi UPDATED model_name with Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 335 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolone resistant parE; grepafloxacin; trovafloxacin; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; nalidixic acid; lomefloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; sparfloxacin; antibiotic target alteration; enoxacin; ciprofloxacin; pefloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; moxifloxacin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGGCAATGAATAAACAAAATAATTATTCAGATGATTCAATACAGGTTTTAGAGGGGTTAGAAGCAGTTCGTAAAAGACCTGGTATGTATATTGGATCAACTGATAAACGGGGATTACATCATCTAGTATATGAAATTGTCGATAACTCCGTCGATGAAGTATTGAATGGTTACGGTAACGAAATAGATGTAACAATTAATAAAGATGGTAGTATTTCTATAGAAGATAATGGACGTGGTATGCCAACAGGTATACATAAATCAGGTAAACCGACAGTCGAAGTTATCTTTACTGTTTTACATGCAGGAGGTAAATTTGGACAAGGCGGCTATAAAACTTCAGGTGGTCTTCACGGCGTTGGTGCTTCAGTTGTAAATGCATTGAGTGAATGGCTTGAAGTTGAAATCCATCGAGATGGTAATATATATCATCAAAGTTTTAAAAACGGTGGTTCGCCATCTTCTGGTTTAGTGAAAAAAGGTAAAACTAAGAAAACAGGTACCAAAGTAACATTTAAACCTGATGACACAATTTTTAAAGCATCTACATCATTTAATTTTGATGTTTTAAGTGAACGACTACAAGAGTCTGCGTTCTTATTGAAAAATTTAAAAATAACGCTTAATGATTTACGCAGTGGTAAAGAGCGTCAAGAGCATTACCATTATGAAGAAGGAATCAAAGAATTTGTTAGTTATGTCAATGAAGGAAAAGAAGTTTTGCATGACGTGGCTACATTTTCAGGTGAAGCAAATGGTATAGAGGTAGACGTAGCTTTCCAATATAATGATCAATATTCAGAAAGTATTTTAAGTTTTGTAAATAATGTACGTACTAAAGATGGTGGTACACATGAAGTTGGTTTTAAAACAGCAATGACACGTGTATTTAATGATTATGCACGTCGTATTAATGAACTTAAAACAAAAGATAAAAACTTAGACGGTAATGATATTCGTGAAGGTTTAACAGCTGTTGTGTCTGTACGTATTCCAGAAGAATTACTACAATTTGAAGGACAAACGAAATCTAAATTGGGTACTTCTGAAGCAAGAAGTGCTGTTGATTCAGTAGTTGCAGACAAATTACCATTCTATTTAGAAGAAAAAGGACAATTGTCTAAATCACTTGTAAAAAAAGCAATTAAAGCACAACAAGCAAGGGAAGCTGCACGTAAAGCTCGTGAAGATGCTCGTTCAGGTAAGAAAAACAAGCGTAAAGACACTTTGCTATCTGGTAAATTAACACCTGCACAAAGTAAAAATACAGATAAAAATGAATTGTATTTAGTCGAAGGTGATTCTGCGGGAGGTTCAGCAAAACTTGGACGAGACCGCAAATTCCAAGCGATATTACCATTACGTGGTAAGGTAATTAATACAGAGAAAGCACGTCTGGAAGATATTTTTAAAAATGAAGAAATTAATACAATTATCCACACAATCGGGGCAGGCGTTGGTACTGACTTTAAAATTGAAGATAGTAACTATAATCGTGTAATTATTATGACTGATGCTGATACTGATGGTGCGCATATTCAAGTGCTATTGTTAACATTCTTCTTCAAATATATGAAACCGCTTGTTCAAGCAGGTCGTGTATTTATTGCTTTACCTCCACTTTATAAATTGGAAAAAGGTAAAGGCAAAACAAAGCGAGTTGAATACGCTTGGACAGACGAAGAGCTTAATAAATTACAAAAAGAACTTGGTAAGGGCTTCACGTTACAACGTTACAAAGGTTTGGGTGAGATGAACCCTGAACAATTATGGGAAACGACGATGAACCCAGAAACACGAACTTTAATTCGTGTACAAGTTGAAGATGAAGTGCGTTCATCTAAACGTGTAACAACATTAATGGGTGACAAAGTACAACCTAGACGTGAATGGATTGAAAAGCATTTTGAGTTTGGTATGCAAGAGGACCAAAGTATTTTAGATAATTCTGAAGTACAAGTGCTTGAAAATGATCAATTTGATGAGGAGGAAATCTAG UPDATED fmax with 1419760 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 1417762 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG40364.1 UPDATED sequence with MAMNKQNNYSDDSIQVLEGLEAVRKRPGMYIGSTDKRGLHHLVYEIVDNSVDEVLNGYGNEIDVTINKDGSISIEDNGRGMPTGIHKSGKPTVEVIFTVLHAGGKFGQGGYKTSGGLHGVGASVVNALSEWLEVEIHRDGNIYHQSFKNGGSPSSGLVKKGKTKKTGTKVTFKPDDTIFKASTSFNFDVLSERLQESAFLLKNLKITLNDLRSGKERQEHYHYEEGIKEFVSYVNEGKEVLHDVATFSGEANGIEVDVAFQYNDQYSESILSFVNNVRTKDGGTHEVGFKTAMTRVFNDYARRINELKTKDKNLDGNDIREGLTAVVSVRIPEELLQFEGQTKSKLGTSEARSAVDSVVADKLPFYLEEKGQLSKSLVKKAIKAQQAREAARKAREDARSGKKNKRKDTLLSGKLTPAQSKNTDKNELYLVEGDSAGGSAKLGRDRKFQAILPLRGKVINTEKARLEDIFKNEEINTIIHTIGAGVGTDFKIEDSNYNRVIIMTDADTDGAHIQVLLLTFFFKYMKPLVQAGRVFIALPPLYKLEKGKGKTKRVEYAWTDEELNKLQKELGKGFTLQRYKGLGEMNPEQLWETTMNPETRTLIRVQVEDEVRSSKRVTTLMGDKVQPRREWIEKHFEFGMQEDQSILDNSEVQVLENDQFDEEEI " 334 UPDATE mexX erythromycin; arbekacin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. " 337 UPDATE adeC penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; tigecycline; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 1903 UPDATE mdtE penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; oxacillin; monobactam; tetracycline antibiotic; cloxacillin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 856 UPDATE mepR antibiotic efflux; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter; acridine dye; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGAATTCACTTATTCGTATTTATTTAGAATGATTAGTCATGAGATGAAACAAAAGGCTGATCAAAAGTTAGAGCAATTTGATATTACAAATGAGCAAGGTCATACGTTAGGTTATCTTTATGCACATCAACAAGATGGACTGACACAAAATGATATTGCTAAAGCATTACAACGAACAGGTCCAACTGTCAGTAATTTATTAAGGAACCTTGAACGTAAAAAGCTGATCTATCGCTATGTCGATGCACAAGATACGAGAAGAAAGAATATAGGACTGACTACCTCTGGGATTAAACTTGTAGAAGCATTCACTTCGATATTTGATGAAATGGAGCAAACACTCGTATCGCAGTTATCTGAAGAAGAAAATGAACAAATGAAAGCAAACTTAACTAAAATGTTATCTAGTTTACAATAA UPDATED fmax with 380351 UPDATED accession with BA000017.4 UPDATED fmin with 379931 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 158878 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35513 UPDATED accession with BAB56495.1 UPDATED sequence with MEFTYSYLFRMISHEMKQKADQKLEQFDITNEQGHTLGYLYAHQQDGLTQNDIAKALQRTGPTVSNLLRNLERKKLIYRYVDAQDTRRKNIGLTTSGIKLVEAFTSIFDEMEQTLVSQLSEEENEQMKANLTKMLSSLQ DELETED 35949 UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. " 1210 UPDATE novA penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; aminocoumarin antibiotic; novobiocin; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 2688 UPDATE ArmR sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTCCCTGAACACTCCGCGCAACAAACCGTCCCGCACCGAGACCGAAGCTGTCGCTGCCAGCTCGGGACGATCCGCCGTCGGCCGGCGGGATTACACCGAGCAGCTGCGCCGGGCAGCCCGGCGCAATGCCTGGGACCTCTACGGCGAGCACTTCTACTGA UPDATED fmax with 4165880 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 4165718 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG07106.1 UPDATED sequence with MSLNTPRNKPSRTETEAVAASSGRSAVGRRDYTEQLRRAARRNAWDLYGEHFY UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2689 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to linezolid antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to linezolid antibiotics; linezolid; oxazolidinone antibiotic; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2685 UPDATE Pseudomonas aeruginosa CpxR sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. " 2686 UPDATE MexAB-OprM with CpxR regulator conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and aztreonam sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2680 UPDATE MexAB-OprM with prematurely terminated MexR conferring resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2681 UPDATE Escherichia coli fabG mutations conferring resistance to triclosan antibiotic target alteration; antibiotic resistance fabG; triclosan; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAATTTTGAAGGAAAAATCGCACTGGTAACCGGTGCAAGCCGCGGAATTGGCCGCGCAATTGCTGAAACGCTCGCAGCCCGTGGCGCGAAAGTTATTGGCACTGCGACCAGTGAAAATGGCGCTCAGGCGATCAGTGATTATTTAGGTGCCAACGGCAAAGGTCTGATGTTGAATGTGACCGACCCGGCATCTATCGAATCTGTTCTGGAAAAAATTCGCGCAGAATTTGGTGAAGTGGATATCCTGGTCAATAATGCCGGTATCACTCGTGATAACCTGTTAATGCGAATGAAAGATGAAGAGTGGAACGATATTATCGAAACCAACCTTTCATCTGTTTTCCGTCTGTCAAAAGCGGTAATGCGCGCTATGATGAAAAAGCGTCATGGTCGTATTATCACTATCGGTTCTGTGGTTGGTACCATGGGAAATGGCGGTCAGGCCAACTACGCTGCGGCGAAAGCGGGCTTGATCGGCTTCAGTAAATCACTGGCGCGCGAAGTTGCGTCACGCGGTATTACTGTAAACGTTGTTGCTCCGGGCTTTATTGAAACGGACATGACACGTGCGCTGAGCGATGACCAGCGTGCGGGTATCCTGGCGCAGGTTCCTGCGGGTCGCCTCGGCGGCGCACAGGAAATCGCCAACGCGGTTGCATTCCTGGCATCCGACGAAGCAGCTTACATCACGGGTGAAACTTTGCATGTGAACGGCGGGATGTACATGGTCTGA UPDATED fmax with 1151404 UPDATED accession with U00096.3 UPDATED fmin with 1150669 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 511145 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36849 UPDATED accession with AAC74177.1 UPDATED sequence with MNFEGKIALVTGASRGIGRAIAETLAARGAKVIGTATSENGAQAISDYLGANGKGLMLNVTDPASIESVLEKIRAEFGEVDILVNNAGITRDNLLMRMKDEEWNDIIETNLSSVFRLSKAVMRAMMKKRHGRIITIGSVVGTMGNGGQANYAAAKAGLIGFSKSLAREVASRGITVNVVAPGFIETDMTRALSDDQRAGILAQVPAGRLGGAQEIANAVAFLASDEAAYITGETLHVNGGMYMV " 2682 UPDATE MexAB-OprM with NalC mutations conferring resistance to aztreonam sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2683 UPDATE MexAB-OprM with NalD mutations conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; nalidixic acid; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ticarcillin; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; phenicol antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; trimethoprim; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2277 UPDATE mphM antibiotic inactivation; macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH); macrolide antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGAACAAACAAAAAGCGATAGAAATAGCAAGAAAGTATGGCTTGGAAGTTAAAGAGGGATCCATTATATTCAACGAGTCCGGTTTAGATTTTCTAGTTGCGTATGCAGAAGATTATAAAGGCGAAGAATGGGTGCTAAGGTTTCCGAGACGAGACGATGTGATGCCTAGGACTATAGTGGAGAAGAAAGCACTGGATCTTGTAAACAAATATGCCACTTTTCAGGTTCCAGTCTGGTCGCTTTATAAAAACGATCTAATAGCTTATAAAAAGTTAACCGGAGTGCCAGCAGGCACAATTGATCCAGAGATTCAAAATTATTTGTGGGAGATGGATTATGAAAATGTACCTGAACGATTTCACCAGACATTAGCCAAAGCGTTGGCTTCGCTACACACAATTCCGAAAGAAGAGGCTCTTAAAGTAGGCCTTTTTGTCCAGACAGCAGAAGAGGCCAGAAAATCGATGATTGAGCGTATGGAAAAGGTTAAGGCGAAGTTTGATGTAGGAAAATCCTTATGGAACCGCTGGCAGGCCTGGATAAAAAATGAAGAATTGTGGCCGCAGAAAACAGGCCTGATTCACGGTGATGTTCATGCTGGCCACACGATGATTGATAAAGATGCTAACGTAACCGGTTTAATCGACTGGACTGAAGCAAAAGTAACGGATGTATCAAATGACTTTGTTTTCCAGTACCGGGCATTTGGGGAAGCATCCCTGGAGAAACTGATCCAACATTACCGGCAAGCAGGCGGAATTTACTGGCCTGCCATGAAAGAGCACGTCATTGAACTTAATGCTGCATACCCTGTTGCGATAGCTGAGTTTGCGATTATCTCAGGTTTGGAAGAATATGAGCAGATGGCGAAAGAAACATTGCAAGTGAATGACCGCTAG UPDATED fmax with 190432 UPDATED accession with CP014284.1 UPDATED fmin with 189532 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Bacillus thuringiensis UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1428 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39644 UPDATED accession with AMR06225.1 UPDATED sequence with MNKQKAIEIARKYGLEVKEGSIIFNESGLDFLVAYAEDYKGEEWVLRFPRRDDVMPRTIVEKKALDLVNKYATFQVPVWSLYKNDLIAYKKLTGVPAGTIDPEIQNYLWEMDYENVPERFHQTLAKALASLHTIPKEEALKVGLFVQTAEEARKSMIERMEKVKAKFDVGKSLWNRWQAWIKNEELWPQKTGLIHGDVHAGHTMIDKDANVTGLIDWTEAKVTDVSNDFVFQYRAFGEASLEKLIQHYRQAGGIYWPAMKEHVIELNAAYPVAIAEFAIISGLEEYEQMAKETLQVNDR " 91 UPDATE gadX tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; oxacillin; cloxacillin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCAATCACTACATGGGAATTGTCTAATTGCGTATGCAAGACATAAATATATTCTCACCATGGTTAATGGTGAATATCGCTATTTTAATGGCGGTGACCTGGTTTTTGCGGATGCAAGCCAAATTCGAGTAGATAAGTGTGTTGAAAATTTTGTATTCGTGTCAAGGGACACGCTTTCATTATTTCTCCCGATGCTCAAGGAGGAGGCATTAAATCTTCATGCACATAAAAAAGTTTCTTCATTACTCGTTCATCACTGTAGTAGAGATATTCCTGTTTTTCAGGAAGTTGCGCAACTATCGCAGAATAAGAATCTTCGCTATGCAGAAATGCTACGTAAAAGAGCATTAATCTTTGCGTTGTTATCTGTTTTTCTTGAGGATGAGCACTTTATACCGCTGCTTCTGAACGTTTTACAACCGAACATGCGAACACGAGTTTGTACGGTTATCAATAATAATATCGCCCATGAGTGGACACTAGCCCGAATCGCCAGCGAGCTGTTGATGAGTCCAAGTCTGTTAAAGAAAAAATTGCGCGAAGAAGAGACATCATATTCACAGTTGCTTACTGAGTGTAGAATGCAACGTGCTTTGCAACTTATTGTTATACATGGTTTTTCAATTAAGCGAGTTGCAGTATCCTGTGGATATCACAGCGTGTCGTATTTCATTTACGTCTTTCGAAATTATTATGGGATGACGCCCACAGAGTATCAGGAGCGATCGGCGCAGAGATTGTCGAACCGTGACTCGGCGGCAAGTATTGTTGCGCAAGGGAATTTTTACGGCACTGACCGTTCTGCGGAAGGAATAAGATTATAG UPDATED fmax with 3975429 UPDATED accession with AP009048.1 UPDATED fmin with 3974604 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 316407 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36839 UPDATED accession with BAE77778.1 UPDATED sequence with MQSLHGNCLIAYARHKYILTMVNGEYRYFNGGDLVFADASQIRVDKCVENFVFVSRDTLSLFLPMLKEEALNLHAHKKVSSLLVHHCSRDIPVFQEVAQLSQNKNLRYAEMLRKRALIFALLSVFLEDEHFIPLLLNVLQPNMRTRVCTVINNNIAHEWTLARIASELLMSPSLLKKKLREEETSYSQLLTECRMQRALQLIVIHGFSIKRVAVSCGYHSVSYFIYVFRNYYGMTPTEYQERSAQRLSNRDSAASIVAQGNFYGTDRSAEGIRL UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 90 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin rifampin; rifapentine; rifabutin; peptide antibiotic; rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB); antibiotic target replacement; antibiotic target alteration; rifamycin antibiotic; rifaximin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGGCAGGTCAAGTTGTCCAATATGGAAGACATCGTAAACGTAGAAACTACGCGAGAATTTCAGAAGTATTAGAATTACCAAACTTAATAGAAATTCAAACTAAATCTTACGAGTGGTTCCTAAGAGAAGGTTTAATCGAAATGTTTAGAGACATTTCTCCAATTGAAGATTTTACTGGTAATTTGTCATTAGAGTTTGTGGATTACCGTTTAGGAGAACCAAAATATGATTTAGAAGAATCTAAAAACCGTGACGCTACTTATGCTGCACCTCTTCGTGTAAAAGTGCGTCTAATCATTAAAGAAACAGGAGAAGTTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTTTATGGGTGATTTCCCATTAATGACTGATACAGGTACGTTCGTTATCAATGGTGCAGAACGTGTAATCGTATCTCAATTAGTTCGTTCACCATCCGTTTATTTCAATGAAAAAATCGACAAAAATGGTCGTGAAAACTATGATGCAACAATTATTCCAAACCGAGGTGCATGGTTAGAATATGAAACAGATGCTAAAGATGTTGTATACGTGCGTATTGATAGAACACGTAAACTACCATTAACAGTATTGTTACGTGCATTAGGTTTCTCAAGTGACCAAGAAATTGTTGACCTTTTAGGTGACAATGAATATTTACGTAATACTTTAGAGAAAGACGGCACTGAAAACACTGAACAAGCGTTATTAGAAATCTATGAACGTTTACGTCCAGGTGAACCACCAACTGTTGAAAATGCTAAAAGTCTATTGTATTCACGTTTCTTTGATCCAAAACGCTATGACTTAGCAAGCGTGGGTCGTTATAAAACAAACAAAAAATTACATTTAAAACATCGTTTATTCAATCAAAAATTAGCTGAGCCAATTGTGAATACTGAAACTGGTGAAATTGTAGTTGAAGAAGGTACAGTGCTTGATCGTCGTAAAATCGACGAAATCATGGATGTACTTGAATCAAACGCAAACAGCGAAGTGTTTGAATTGCATGGTAGCGTTATAGACGAGCCAGTAGAAATTCAATCAATTAAAGTATATGTTCCTAACGATGATGAAGGTCGTACGACAACTGTAATTGGTAATGCTTTCCCTGACTCAGAAGTTAAATGTATTACACCGGCAGATATCATCGCTTCAATGAGTTACTTCTTTAACTTATTAAGTGGTATTGGATATACAGATGATATTGACCATTTAGGTAACCGTCGTTTACGTTCTGTAGGTGAATTACTACAAAACCAATTCCGTATCGGTTTATCAAGAATGGAAAGAGTTGTACGTGAAAGAATGTCAATTCAAGATACTGAGTCTATCACACCTCAACAATTAATTAATATTCGACCTGTTATTGCATCTATTAAAGAATTCTTTGGTAGCTCTCAATTATCACAATTCATGGACCAAGCAAATCCATTAGCTGAGTTAACGCATAAACGTCGTCTATCAGCATTAGGACCTGGTGGTTTAACACGTGAACGTGCTCAAATGGAAGTGCGTGACGTTCACTACTCTCACTATGGCCGTATGTGTCCAATTGAAACGCCTGAGGGACCAAACATTGGATTGATTAACTCATTATCAAGTTATGCACGTGTAAATGAATTCGGCTTTATTGAAACACCATATCGTAAAGTTGATTTAGATACACATGCTATCACTGATCAAATTGACTATTTAACAGCTGACGAAGAAGATAGCTATGTTGTAGCACAAGCAAACTCTAAATTAGATGAAAATGGTCGTTTCATGGATGATGAAGTTGTATGTCGTTTCCGTGGTAACAATACAGTTATGGCTAAAGAAAAAATGGATTATATGGATGTATCGCCGAAGCAAGTTGTTTCAGCAGCGACAGCATGTATTCCATTCTTAGAAAATGATGACTCAAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAAGCAGTGCCTTTGATGAATCCAGAAGCACCATTTGTTGGTACAGGTATGGAACACGTTGCAGCACGTGATTCTGGTGCAGCTATTACAGCTAAGCACAGAGGTCGTGTTGAACATGTTGAATCTAATGAAATTCTTGTACGTCGTCTAGTTGAAGAGAACGGCGTTGAGCATGAAGGTGAATTAGATCGCTATCCATTAGCTAAATTTAAACGTTCAAACTCAGGTACATGTTACAACCAACGTCCAATCGTTGCAGTTGGAGATGTTGTTGAGTTTAACGAGATTTTAGCAGATGGACCATCTATGGAATTAGGAGAAATGGCATTAGGTAGAAACGTAGTAGTTGGTTTCATGACTTGGGACGGTTACAACTATGAGGATGCCGTTATCATGAGTGAAAGACTTGTGAAAGATGACGTGTATACTTCTATTCATATTGAAGAGTATGAATCAGAAGCACGTGATACTAAGTTAGGACCTGAAGAAATCACAAGAGATATTCCTAATGTTTCTGAAAGTGCACTTAAGAACTTAGACGATCGTGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCAGAAGTAAAAGATGGAGATATTTTAGTTGGTAAAGTAACGCCTAAAGGTGTAACTGAGTTAACTGCCGAAGAAAGATTGTTACATGCAATCTTTGGTGAAAAAGCACGTGAAGTTAGAGATACTTCATTACGTGTACCTCACGGCGCTGGCGGTATCGTTCTTGATGTAAAAGTATTCAATCGTGAAGAAGGCGACGACACATTATCACCTGGTGTAAACCAATTAGTACGTGTATATATCGTTCAAAAACGTAAAATTCATGTTGGTGATAAGATGTGTGGTCGACATGGTAACAAAGGTGTCATTTCTAAGATTGTTCCTGAAGAAGATATGCCTTACTTACCAGATGGACGTCCGATTGATATCATGTTAAATCCTCTTGGTGTACCATCTCGTATGAACATCGGACAAGTATTAGAGCTACACTTAGGTATGGCTGCTAAAAATCTTGGTATTCACGTTGCATCACCAGTATTTGACGGTGCAAACGATGACGATGTATGGTCAACAATTGAAGAAGCTGGTATGGCTCGTGATGGTAAAACTGTACTTTATGATGGACGTACAGGTGAACCATTCGATAACCGTATTTCAGTAGGTGTAATGTACATGTTGAAACTTGCGCACATGGTTGATGATAAATTACATGCGCGTTCAACAGGACCATATTCACTTGTTACACAACAACCACTTGGCGGTAAAGCGCAATTCGGTGGACAACGTTTCGGTGAGATGGAGGTATGGGCACTTGAAGCATATGGTGCTGCATACACATTACAAGAAATCTTAACTTACAAATCCGATGATACAGTAGGACGTGTGAAAACATACGAGGCTATTGTTAAAGGTGAAAACATCTCTAGACCAAGTGTTCCAGAATCATTCCGAGTATTGATGAAAGAATTACAAAGTTTAGGTTTAGATGTAAAAGTTATGGATGAGCAAGATAATGAAATCGAAATGACAGACGTTGATGACGATGATGTTGTAGAACGCAAAGTAGATTTACAACAAAATGATGCTCCTGAAACACAAAAAGAAGTTACTGATTAA UPDATED fmax with 594382 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 590830 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG39568.1 UPDATED sequence with MAGQVVQYGRHRKRRNYARISEVLELPNLIEIQTKSYEWFLREGLIEMFRDISPIEDFTGNLSLEFVDYRLGEPKYDLEESKNRDATYAAPLRVKVRLIIKETGEVKEQEVFMGDFPLMTDTGTFVINGAERVIVSQLVRSPSVYFNEKIDKNGRENYDATIIPNRGAWLEYETDAKDVVYVRIDRTRKLPLTVLLRALGFSSDQEIVDLLGDNEYLRNTLEKDGTENTEQALLEIYERLRPGEPPTVENAKSLLYSRFFDPKRYDLASVGRYKTNKKLHLKHRLFNQKLAEPIVNTETGEIVVEEGTVLDRRKIDEIMDVLESNANSEVFELHGSVIDEPVEIQSIKVYVPNDDEGRTTTVIGNAFPDSEVKCITPADIIASMSYFFNLLSGIGYTDDIDHLGNRRLRSVGELLQNQFRIGLSRMERVVRERMSIQDTESITPQQLINIRPVIASIKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQANPLAELTHKRRLSALGPGGLTRERAQMEVRDVHYSHYGRMCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSSYARVNEFGFIETPYRKVDLDTHAITDQIDYLTADEEDSYVVAQANSKLDENGRFMDDEVVCRFRGNNTVMAKEKMDYMDVSPKQVVSAATACIPFLENDDSNRALMGANMQRQAVPLMNPEAPFVGTGMEHVAARDSGAAITAKHRGRVEHVESNEILVRRLVEENGVEHEGELDRYPLAKFKRSNSGTCYNQRPIVAVGDVVEFNEILADGPSMELGEMALGRNVVVGFMTWDGYNYEDAVIMSERLVKDDVYTSIHIEEYESEARDTKLGPEEITRDIPNVSESALKNLDDRGIVYIGAEVKDGDILVGKVTPKGVTELTAEERLLHAIFGEKAREVRDTSLRVPHGAGGIVLDVKVFNREEGDDTLSPGVNQLVRVYIVQKRKIHVGDKMCGRHGNKGVISKIVPEEDMPYLPDGRPIDIMLNPLGVPSRMNIGQVLELHLGMAAKNLGIHVASPVFDGANDDDVWSTIEEAGMARDGKTVLYDGRTGEPFDNRISVGVMYMLKLAHMVDDKLHARSTGPYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEILTYKSDDTVGRVKTYEAIVKGENISRPSVPESFRVLMKELQSLGLDVKVMDEQDNEIEMTDVDDDDVVERKVDLQQNDAPETQKEVTD " 1991 UPDATE otrC penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 1626 UPDATE vgaE dalfopristin; pleuromutilin; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; macrolide antibiotic; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1997 UPDATE tlrC pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with streptogramin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35945 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000026 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1624 UPDATE lmrD penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGAAAATACCAAATCAACAAGAAAAATGTCTGACACCACACGTGCCATCCGATTTTTTTACCTCTATCTGAAAAGATATAAACTCCAATTTGCTGTAATTATGATTTTCATCATTTTAGCAACTTGGTTACAGGTTGTTTCTCCATCACTTTTGGGGGACGCCATCACTAATTTGACTAAATATGTGACTGACTTCTTTACACATCAACATGCTGGTCAATCCCAAGATGCACTACAACAAATTGCTCAACAATTAAGCCAACAAATGCACCAAACAGTAGATTGGCACAATGTTCCTGAAGTTGTGAAATCTTTGCCACAAGCAGCACAAGACCAAATCACTGCTAATCTTCCTAAAGGAACAACTTTAGAAACACTTAAAACAGTGGCAACTTCACATGCAGCCAGCACTTCTACATTCATGAAAGGAATGTGGCAATTGCTTGCAGTCTATGTAGCAACAGGTGTATCAATGTTGATTTATACCTTGCTCTTTAGTCGTATCGTTGCTCATTCAACAAATCGCATGCGTAAAGGTTTGTTTGGTAAACTTGAACGTTTGACAATTTCATATTTTGACCGTCATCAAGATGGTGATATCCTTGCTCGTTTCACATCTGACTTGGATAACATTCAAAATACTTTAAACCAAGCACTCGTTTCGGTTATTTCAAATGCTGCGGTCTTTGTGGGTGTCATTATCCAGATTTTCAATAAAGATGTGACATTTGCTTGGTTGACAGTTGCTGCTTCTCCAGTTGCCATTTTATCTGCTGTGATTATCATTCGTCAATCGAAAAAAGCAACAGACAAACAACAAGAAGAAGTTTCACAACTTAATGCCTATATGGATGAAAAAATCTCTGGGCAAAAAGCAATTATCGTTGAAGGTTTACAAGAAGATTCTATTAATGGATTCTTGGAACACAATGAAAATGTTAAAAAACGTACCTTTGCTGCTCAAGCATGGTCTGGTATGATTTTCCCATTGATGAATGGTTTCCAACTTTTATCAATTGCCATTGTTATCTTTGGTGGAACGGCCTATGTTCTTAACGATGATAGCATGTCAATTGCCACAGGTTTAGGGCTTTTGGTTGCCTTTGTTCAATACGTTCAAAGTTACTACAACCCAATCATGCAAATTTCATCAAACTTTGGTCAACTTCAACTTGCCATCACAGGGGCAACTCGTCTGAATGTCATGTTTGATGAACCAGAAGAAGTTCGTCCTGAAAATGGTAAGAAATTTGATACGATTAAAGACGGAATTCAAATCGAAAATCTTGATTTTGAATATCTTCCAGGAAAACCAGTCCTCAAAAAAGTTAATATTGATGTTAAAAAAGGACAAATGGTTGCCCTCGTTGGTCCAACTGGTTCAGGTAAAACAACAGTTATGAACTTGATGAACCGTTTCTACGATGTTAATGGTGGAGCAATTAAATTTGATGGAACTGATATTCGTGAATTTGATTTAGATAGCTTGCGTTCAAATGTCGGAATTGTTTTGCAAGAGTCTGTTCTCTTTGATGGAACGATTGCTGATAATATCAAGTTTGGTAAACCAAATGCTACTCAAGAAGAAATTGAAACAGTGGCTAAGACAACTCACATTCATGATTTCATTGATAGCTTACCTGACAAGTACGAAACACATGTTTCAGATGATGAATCAGTCTTCTCAGTTGGTCAAAAACAACAAATTTCTATCGCACGTACCATTTTGACAAATCCAGAACTTTTGATTTTGGATGAAGCAACTTCAAATGTGGATACAGTAACTGAACAACAAATTCAATGGGCGATGGAAGCTGCTATTGCTGGTCGTACTTCATTCGTTATTGCTCACCGTTTGAAAACAATTCTTAATGCAGATAAGATTGTTGTTCTTAAAGATGGTGAAGTTATCGAAGAAGGAAATCACCATGAACTTGTTGCTCAAGGTGGCTTCTACTCTGAACTTTATCACAATCAATTTGTTTTTGAATAA UPDATED fmax with 312888 UPDATED accession with CP033607.1 UPDATED fmin with 310893 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Lactococcus lactis UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1358 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39577 UPDATED accession with AYV52072.1 UPDATED sequence with MENTKSTRKMSDTTRAIRFFYLYLKRYKLQFAVIMIFIILATWLQVVSPSLLGDAITNLTKYVTDFFTHQHAGQSQDALQQIAQQLSQQMHQTVDWHNVPEVVKSLPQAAQDQITANLPKGTTLETLKTVATSHAASTSTFMKGMWQLLAVYVATGVSMLIYTLLFSRIVAHSTNRMRKGLFGKLERLTISYFDRHQDGDILARFTSDLDNIQNTLNQALVSVISNAAVFVGVIIQIFNKDVTFAWLTVAASPVAILSAVIIIRQSKKATDKQQEEVSQLNAYMDEKISGQKAIIVEGLQEDSINGFLEHNENVKKRTFAAQAWSGMIFPLMNGFQLLSIAIVIFGGTAYVLNDDSMSIATGLGLLVAFVQYVQSYYNPIMQISSNFGQLQLAITGATRLNVMFDEPEEVRPENGKKFDTIKDGIQIENLDFEYLPGKPVLKKVNIDVKKGQMVALVGPTGSGKTTVMNLMNRFYDVNGGAIKFDGTDIREFDLDSLRSNVGIVLQESVLFDGTIADNIKFGKPNATQEEIETVAKTTHIHDFIDSLPDKYETHVSDDESVFSVGQKQQISIARTILTNPELLILDEATSNVDTVTEQQIQWAMEAAIAGRTSFVIAHRLKTILNADKIVVLKDGEVIEEGNHHELVAQGGFYSELYHNQFVFE UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 558 UPDATE qacB fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 746 UPDATE AAC(2')-Ib antibiotic inactivation; AAC(2'); arbekacin; gentamicin B; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; tobramycin; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with AAC(2')-Ib is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum and A. baumannii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium fortuitum " 748 UPDATE cmeB penam; carbapenem; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; cefotaxime; acridine dye; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; fusidic acid; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 991 UPDATE EreA antibiotic inactivation; macrolide esterase; macrolide antibiotic; roxithromycin; clarithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences; model_param "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with CTATAGGGCAACCAGGCTGTCCTTGCCGGCGCTTGTAACACAGACGATGGCATCAAATGCCTCGCTCAATTTCGTTTCTACAGAGGCGCTTTGAGACCGCATTCGCTTTGCTTCCATGGGGGCATCTGTCAATGTCAGACATGAATTCTCCGTACCACAGGCGTCGATGACATACTGTTCCATACTATCCTCACGGATTGCATCGGCAGGCGTGGTCACAACAGAGAATCCAAGAGGACTTTTTGGCGATGGGAAATGCATTTCCGGCACGGTGGGTCCAAGATGGGTGAATGCAATCGCACGGTAATTCACCCTCTCTGCGAGGTGCTGCCCCATGGGAACAGCCGTAAGCTCGCCTGAAAAGGAGACTGGAGTTTTTTGTAGATGATTGTTGTGCGCCAGCAGAATTATCTTCACATCCGGATTCGCTCGAACCATTCCATCTACTACGCCCGCCATATACGAGTCACGTACGGAAGTATCTCCCTCAAGAGAGGTACCATCGAAGAAAGTTTTCATTATACGCAAGGTTTCCAACGTATACTCTATCGACTCTATTCGATCAGAGGCTTTTCGGAACAAATCGCTGTTGACGTGTTTTTTCAGGACGGGGGCAAGCGACGCCAAGCGGAGCTTCAATCTGGTTACCCCTGAGATAGCTTTCTCCTGCCGAGCCGTTTCTAGCTCCCCCCATTTTGCCGATGAAATAACCGCCGACTGGCCATCAATGGACGCCAACAAGTGAGTCAACATATCAACGTGCGGTTTCATGAGGTGATCGATGAGCTGGATAATTTCGGCCAATTGCGCTAGGTCGTCCCTTGGGTTCAGGGTGTTGGGTAAGGCGATTCCGACTAACTGCAGTTTTCTTCCTGATTCGCGGAGATATGATTTCAGCCAGATCAGCACTGAGCCATACACAGAAAAGGTCAGGGTATCCGAAAATCGCTCAAGTTCATGAGCACCGGCTGTTGAGTTGAGCCATTCAGATAACCGGGATGCCTGAATCGCCCCACATTTCCAAACCAATCGCAT UPDATED fmax with 1281 UPDATED accession with M11277.1 UPDATED fmin with 246 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Plasmid pIP1100 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 2569 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42618 UPDATED accession with AAA25640.1 UPDATED sequence with MRLVWKCGAIQASRLSEWLNSTAGAHELERFSDTLTFSVYGSVLIWLKSYLRESGRKLQLVGIALPNTLNPRDDLAQLAEIIQLIDHLMKPHVDMLTHLLASIDGQSAVISSAKWGELETARQEKAISGVTRLKLRLASLAPVLKKHVNSDLFRKASDRIESIEYTLETLRIMKTFFDGTSLEGDTSVRDSYMAGVVDGMVRANPDVKIILLAHNNHLQKTPVSFSGELTAVPMGQHLAERVNYRAIAFTHLGPTVPEMHFPSPKSPLGFSVVTTPADAIREDSMEQYVIDACGTENSCLTLTDAPMEAKRMRSQSASVETKLSEAFDAIVCVTSAGKDSLVAL UPDATED param_value with 650 " 237 UPDATE Chryseobacterium meningosepticum BlaB carbapenem; penam; antibiotic inactivation; BlaB beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTTGAAAAAAATAAAAATAAGCTTGATTCTTGCTCTTGGGCTTACCAGTTTGAAGGCATTTGGACAGGAGAATCCTGATGTCAAAATTGAAAAGCTAAAAGATAATCTGTATGTATACACAACCTACAATACATTTAACGGGACTAAATATGCCGCAAATGCAGTATATCTGGTAACTGATAAGGGTGTTGTGGTTATAGACTGTCCGTGGGGAGAAGACAAATTTAAAAGCTTTACGGACGAGATTTATAAAAAACACGGAAAGAAAGTTATTATGAATATTGCAACACATTCTCATGATGATCGTGCCGGAGGTCTTGAATATTTTGGTAAAATAGGTGCAAAAACTTATTCTACTAAAATGACAGATTCTATTTTAGCAAAAGAGAATAAGCCAAGAGCACAATATACTTTTGACAATAATAAATCTTTCAAAGTAGGAAAATCCGAGTTTCAGGTTTACTATCCCGGAAAAGGGCACACAGCAGATAATGTGGTGGTATGGTTTCCAAAAGAAAAAGTATTGGTTGGAGGTTGTATTATAAAAAGTGCTGATTCAAAGGACCTGGGGTATATTGGAGAAGCATATGTAAACGACTGGACGCAGTCTGTACACAATATTCAACAAAAGTTTTCCGGTGCTCAGTACGTTGTTGCAGGGCATGATGATTGGAAAGATCAAAGATCAATACAACATACACTAGACTTAATCAATGAATATCAACAAAAACAAAAGGCTTCAAATTAA UPDATED fmax with 3054321 UPDATED accession with CP007547.1 UPDATED fmin with 3053571 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1338011 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42619 UPDATED accession with AIL46641.1 UPDATED sequence with MLKKIKISLILALGLTSLKAFGQENPDVKIEKLKDNLYVYTTYNTFNGTKYAANAVYLVTDKGVVVIDCPWGEDKFKSFTDEIYKKHGKKVIMNIATHSHDDRAGGLEYFGKIGAKTYSTKMTDSILAKENKPRAQYTFDNNKSFKVGKSEFQVYYPGKGHTADNVVVWFPKEKVLVGGCIIKSADSKDLGYIGEAYVNDWTQSVHNIQQKFSGAQYVVAGHDDWKDQRSIQHTLDLINEYQQKQKASN " 2345 UPDATE ADC-15 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAATACCTCAATTTATGCAGGGAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTACGGCCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTCGGTTCAGTTAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCAGGTGGATATGCCAAAACAAAAGGAACAATTTCTTTTAAAGACACAACCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAATTAAAAAACACACCAATTGACCAAGTTAACTTATTTCAACTTGCTACTTATACGAGTGGCAACCTTGGCTTACAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTCCAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAGCCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAACTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCGAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGTTAGATGCACCTGCGTACGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATATTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCGGTGTTAAATGCAATAAAAAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283526.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95246.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFNTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTTGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLFQLATYTSGNLGLQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQLLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKIFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 1198 UPDATE mef(B) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2347 UPDATE ADC-17 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCTCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCGAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCTTTGTTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAGTAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATTTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACGCCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCGACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCCTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTTCCTAAAACTCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCGAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACACACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCCGTGTTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283524.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95244.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDREIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKAVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDRQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNRENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNTQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 2346 UPDATE ADC-16 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCGCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTAGCTCAATTTATGCGGGTAATACACCAAAAGAGCAAGAGATCAAAAAACTGGTTGATCAAAATTTTAAGCCTTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCCGGTATGGCTGTGGGCGTTATTCAAAATAACAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTTAATAGCAATACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGCTCGGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCAGGCGGATATGCCAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAATGACACGCCTGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGATCAAGTGAATTTACTTCAACTTGCGACATATACCAGTGGCAACCTTGCCTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTAAAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACGTTTTTCAAAGAATGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAACCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTTGACCAAGTCTTGGAAAAAACCATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTGCCTAAAACTCAAATGCAAAACTATGCATTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGCGTCAATCCTGGTCCACTCGATGCACCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCTACCCTACCGGATATGCTGAGTTTTATTAATGCAAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAAATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCACTAGGTTGGGAAGAGTTCTCTTATCCAGCACTTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATCGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCCGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGATCGACTAACGGTTTTGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACTAATAAACGTATTCCCAATGAAGAACGCATTAAAGCAGCTTATGCTGTGTTAAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283525.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95245.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSSSIYAGNTPKEQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSNTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFNDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVKTDQQVLTFFKEWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLSFINANLNPQKYPANIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPALLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 2341 UPDATE ADC-8 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 " 1055 UPDATE Escherichia coli parE conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolone resistant parE; grepafloxacin; trovafloxacin; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; nalidixic acid; lomefloxacin; gatifloxacin; levofloxacin; sparfloxacin; antibiotic target alteration; enoxacin; ciprofloxacin; pefloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; moxifloxacin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACGCAAACTTATAACGCTGATGCCATTGAGGTACTCACCGGGCTTGAGCCGGTTCGCCGCCGTCCGGGGATGTATACCGATACCACTCGCCCTAACCATTTGGGGCAAGAAGTCATTGATAACAGTGTGGATGAAGCACTGGCGGGTCACGCAAAACGCGTGGACGTTATTTTACATGCTGACCAGTCGTTAGAAGTTATTGACGATGGGCGCGGGATGCCGGTGGATATTCACCCGGAAGAGGGTGTACCGGCGGTTGAACTGATTCTTTGCCGTCTGCATGCAGGCGGTAAATTCTCTAACAAAAATTACCAGTTCTCTGGCGGCCTGCATGGCGTGGGGATTTCGGTGGTTAACGCCCTGTCGAAGCGCGTAGAAGTTAACGTGCGCCGCGATGGTCAGGTTTATAACATCGCCTTTGAAAATGGCGAAAAGGTGCAGGATTTACAGGTTGTCGGCACTTGCGGTAAACGCAATACTGGTACCAGTGTGCACTTCTGGCCGGATGAAACCTTCTTTGACAGCCCGCGATTTTCTGTTTCACGCCTGACGCATGTGCTGAAAGCCAAAGCGGTATTGTGCCCTGGCGTTGAGATCACTTTTAAAGATGAGATCAACAATACCGAACAACGCTGGTGCTATCAGGACGGTCTGAATGATTACCTGGCGGAAGCGGTAAATGGTCTGCCGACGCTGCCGGAAAAACCGTTTATCGGTAATTTCGCTGGTGATACTGAAGCTGTGGACTGGGCGCTACTGTGGCTGCCGGAAGGCGGTGAACTGCTGACCGAAAGCTACGTCAACCTTATCCCAACGATGCAGGGCGGTACCCATGTTAATGGTCTGCGTCAGGGCCTGTTGGACGCGATGCGTGAGTTCTGTGAATACCGCAATATTCTGCCGCGCGGTGTAAAGCTGTCGGCGGAAGATATCTGGGATCGCTGCGCCTATGTGCTGTCAGTAAAAATGCAGGATCCGCAGTTTGCCGGGCAGACGAAAGAGCGTCTCTCTTCGCGTCAATGCGCGGCATTCGTTTCTGGCGTGGTGAAAGATGCCTTTATCCTGTGGCTGAACCAGAACGTTCAGGCGGCTGAACTGCTGGCGGAGATGGCGATTTCCAGCGCCCAGCGCCGTATGCGTGCGGCCAAAAAAGTGGTGCGTAAAAAGCTGACCAGCGGCCCGGCGTTGCCTGGCAAACTGGCTGATTGTACCGCGCAGGACCTTAACCGTACCGAGCTGTTCCTTGTGGAAGGTGACTCCGCAGGCGGATCTGCCAAGCAGGCGCGCGATCGCGAATATCAGGCGATCATGCCACTGAAAGGTAAGATCCTTAACACCTGGGAAGTCTCTTCCGACGAAGTGCTGGCTTCGCAGGAAGTGCACGATATTTCGGTAGCGATCGGTATCGATCCTGACAGCGACGATCTGAGCCAGCTTCGTTATGGCAAAATCTGTATCCTCGCGGATGCGGACTCTGATGGTCTGCACATTGCCACGCTGCTCTGCGCTTTGTTCGTAAAACATTTCCGCGCGTTGGTGAAACACGGTCACGTTTACGTCGCACTGCCACCGCTCTACCGTATTGATCTCGGGAAAGAGGTTTATTACGCGCTGACGGAAGAAGAGAAAGAGGGCGTACTTGAGCAATTAAAACGCAAGAAAGGCAAGCCGAACGTCCAGCGTTTTAAAGGTCTGGGGGAAATGAACCCGATGCAATTGCGCGAAACCACGCTTGATCCGAACACTCGCCGTCTGGTGCAGTTGACTATCGATGATGAAGACGATCAGCGTACTGACGCGATGATGGATATGCTGCTGGCGAAGAAACGCTCGGAAGATCGCCGCAACTGGTTGCAAGAGAAAGGCGACATGGCGGAGATTGAGGTTTAA UPDATED fmax with 3174052 UPDATED accession with AP009048.1 UPDATED fmin with 3172159 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 316407 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36839 UPDATED accession with BAE77086.1 UPDATED sequence with MTQTYNADAIEVLTGLEPVRRRPGMYTDTTRPNHLGQEVIDNSVDEALAGHAKRVDVILHADQSLEVIDDGRGMPVDIHPEEGVPAVELILCRLHAGGKFSNKNYQFSGGLHGVGISVVNALSKRVEVNVRRDGQVYNIAFENGEKVQDLQVVGTCGKRNTGTSVHFWPDETFFDSPRFSVSRLTHVLKAKAVLCPGVEITFKDEINNTEQRWCYQDGLNDYLAEAVNGLPTLPEKPFIGNFAGDTEAVDWALLWLPEGGELLTESYVNLIPTMQGGTHVNGLRQGLLDAMREFCEYRNILPRGVKLSAEDIWDRCAYVLSVKMQDPQFAGQTKERLSSRQCAAFVSGVVKDAFILWLNQNVQAAELLAEMAISSAQRRMRAAKKVVRKKLTSGPALPGKLADCTAQDLNRTELFLVEGDSAGGSAKQARDREYQAIMPLKGKILNTWEVSSDEVLASQEVHDISVAIGIDPDSDDLSQLRYGKICILADADSDGLHIATLLCALFVKHFRALVKHGHVYVALPPLYRIDLGKEVYYALTEEEKEGVLEQLKRKKGKPNVQRFKGLGEMNPMQLRETTLDPNTRRLVQLTIDDEDDQRTDAMMDMLLAKKRSEDRRNWLQEKGDMAEIEV " 2343 UPDATE ADC-13 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTTGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATTTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAAAGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAGCTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTTGCTACCTATACAAGTGGGAACCTTGCTTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGATCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTAGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGACATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCATTAGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTGTTAAACGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283528.2 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95248.2 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLSLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 2342 UPDATE ADC-12 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCGAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGCGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAATATGAAACGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAATCCGTAAGTAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGAATGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCGAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCCGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATACTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACGATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAGCAAATCGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCCAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACAAATGGCTTTGGATCTTATGTGGTGTTTATTCCAAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283529.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95249.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDREIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYETYYGLQSVQDKKSVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKEWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDTQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGSYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 1191 UPDATE mdtM fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; lincomycin; puromycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 1193 UPDATE ErmH antibiotic target alteration; streptogramin antibiotic; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; macrolide antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; model_param "UPDATED param_value with 500 " 1192 UPDATE VEB-1 antibiotic inactivation; monobactam; cephalosporin; VEB beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAATCGTAAAAAGGATATTATTAGTATTGTTAAGTTTATTTTTTACAATTGTGTATTCAAATGCTCAAACTGACAACTTAACTTTGAAAATTGAGAATGTTTTAAAGGCAAAAAATGCCAGAATAGGAGTAGCAATATTCAACAGCAATGAGAAGGATACTTTGAAGATTAATAACGACTTCCATTTCCCGATGCAAAGCGTTATGAAATTTCCGATTGCTTTAGCCGTTTTGTCTGAGATAGATAAAGGGAATCTTTCTTTTGAACAAAAAATAGAGATTACCCCTCAAGACCTTTTGCCTAAAACGTGGAGTCCGATTAAAGAGGAATTCCCTAATGGAACAACTTTGACGATTGAACAAATACTAAATTATACAGTATCAGAGAGCGACAATATTGGTTGTGATATTTTGCTAAAATTAATCGGAGGAACTGATTCTGTTCAAAAATTCTTGAATGCTAATCATTTCACTGATATTTCAATCAAAGCAAACGAAGAACAAATGCACAAGGATTGGAATACCCAATATCAAAATTGGGCAACCCCAACAGCGATGAACAAACTGTTAATAGATACTTATAATAATAAGAACCAATTACTTTCTAAAAAAAGTTATGATTTTATTTGGAAAATTATGAGAGAAACAACAACAGGAAGTAACCGATTAAAAGGACAATTACCAAAGAATACAATTGTTGCTCATAAAACAGGGACTTCCGGAATAAATAATGGAATTGCAGCAGCCACTAATGATGTTGGGGTAATTACTTTACCGAATGGACAATTAATTTTTATAAGCGTATTTGTTGCAGAGTCCAAAGAAACTTCGGAAATTAATGAAAAGATTATTTCAGACATTGCAAAAATAACGTGGAATTACTATTTGAATAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 3661636 UPDATED accession with CU459141.1 UPDATED fmin with 3660736 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii AYE UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 509173 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35535 UPDATED accession with CAM88398.1 UPDATED sequence with MKIVKRILLVLLSLFFTIVYSNAQTDNLTLKIENVLKAKNARIGVAIFNSNEKDTLKINNDFHFPMQSVMKFPIALAVLSEIDKGNLSFEQKIEITPQDLLPKTWSPIKEEFPNGTTLTIEQILNYTVSESDNIGCDILLKLIGGTDSVQKFLNANHFTDISIKANEEQMHKDWNTQYQNWATPTAMNKLLIDTYNNKNQLLSKKSYDFIWKIMRETTTGSNRLKGQLPKNTIVAHKTGTSGINNGIAAATNDVGVITLPNGQLIFISVFVAESKETSEINEKIISDIAKITWNYYLNK " 2349 UPDATE ADC-19 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTATCTCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAATACATCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACATCAAAAGAACAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAGAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCTGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTTAGTAAATTATTTACCGCAACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAAAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCATTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTTCCTAAAACTCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCACTAGATGCTCCAGCATATGGGGTTAAATCGACGCTACCCGATATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTACCAAGTCGGCACGATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCTTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGTTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACTTATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTAAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283522.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95242.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFNTSIYAGNTSKEQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKKLKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPALLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 2223 UPDATE MexZ erythromycin; arbekacin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGGCCAGGAAAACCAAAGAGGAATCCCAGAAAACCCGCGACGGCATACTCGATGCCGCCGAGCGGGTTTTCCTGGAAAAGGGCGTGGGCACCACTGCCATGGCCGACCTGGCGGACGCCGCCGGGGTTTCTCGCGGTGCGGTCTACGGCCACTACAAGAACAAGATCGAGGTCTGCCTGGCGATGTGCGACCGCGCCTTCGGCCAGATCGAGGTACCCGACGAAAACGCCAGGGTGCCGGCGCTGGATATCCTCCTGCGCGCCGGCATGGGCTTTCTCCGCCAGTGCTGCGAGCCCGGTTCGGTGCAGCGGGTGCTGGAGATCCTCTACCTCAAGTGCGAACGCAGCGACGAGAACGAGCCGCTGTTGCGCCGCCGCGAGCTGCTCGAGAAGCAGGGGCAACGCTTCGGCCTCCGGCAGATCCGCCGGGCGGTGGAACGCGGCGAACTGCCGGCGCGGCTGGACGTCGAGCTGGCCAGCATCTATCTGCAATCGCTCTGGGACGGCATCTGCGGCACCCTGGCCTGGACCGAGCGCCTGCGCGACGATCCCTGGAACCGCGCCGAACGCATGTTCCGCGCCGGCCTCGACAGCCTGCGCAGTTCTCCCTACCTGTTGCTGGCGGACGCCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2213309 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 2212676 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG05408.1 UPDATED sequence with MARKTKEESQKTRDGILDAAERVFLEKGVGTTAMADLADAAGVSRGAVYGHYKNKIEVCLAMCDRAFGQIEVPDENARVPALDILLRAGMGFLRQCCEPGSVQRVLEILYLKCERSDENEPLLRRRELLEKQGQRFGLRQIRRAVERGELPARLDVELASIYLQSLWDGICGTLAWTERLRDDPWNRAERMFRAGLDSLRSSPYLLLADA UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. " 1696 UPDATE Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone aminocoumarin antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; moxifloxacin; fluoroquinolone resistant gyrB; grepafloxacin; trovafloxacin; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; nalidixic acid; lomefloxacin; gatifloxacin; coumermycin A1; ciprofloxacin; fleroxacin; levofloxacin; sparfloxacin; clorobiocin; novobiocin; Clofazimine; clinafloxacin; enoxacin; pefloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; cinoxacin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTCGAATTCTTATGACTCCTCCAGTATCAAAGTCCTGAAAGGGCTGGATGCGGTGCGTAAGCGCCCGGGTATGTATATCGGCGACACGGATGACGGCACCGGTCTGCACCACATGGTATTCGAGGTGGTAGATAACGCTATCGACGAAGCGCTCGCAGGTCACTGTAAAGATATCGTCGTGACTATTCACGCCGATAACTCCGTGTCCGTAACGGATGATGGCCGTGGCATTCCGACCGGGATTCACCCGGAAGAAGGCGTCTCGGCGGCGGAAGTGATCATGACCGTTCTGCACGCGGGCGGTAAATTTGACGATAACTCCTATAAAGTCTCCGGCGGTCTGCACGGCGTGGGCGTCTCGGTAGTCAACGCTCTGTCGCAAAAACTGGAACTGGTTATCCAGCGAGATGGCAAAATTCACCGTCAGATCTACGAGCACGGCGTGCCGCAGGCACCCCTGGCCGTCACTGGCGATACCGATAAAACCGGCACGATGGTACGTTTCTGGCCGAGCCACGAAACCTTCACCAACGTCACTGAATTTGAATATGAGATCCTGGCGAAACGCCTGCGTGAACTGTCATTCCTGAACTCAGGCGTCTCCATCCGCCTGCGCGACAAGCGCGATGGCAAAGAAGATCATTTCCACTACGAAGGCGGCATCAAGGCGTTTGTTGAATATCTGAACAAGAATAAAACGCCGATCCACCCGAATATCTTCTATTTCTCCACCGAAAAAGACGGTATCGGCGTGGAAGTAGCGCTGCAGTGGAACGATGGTTTCCAGGAAAACATCTACTGCTTTACCAACAACATTCCGCAGCGCGACGGCGGTACTCACCTTGCAGGCTTCCGTGCGGCGATGACCCGTACGCTGAACGCCTACATGGACAAAGAAGGCTACAGCAAAAAAGCCAAAGTCAGCGCCACCGGCGACGATGCCCGTGAAGGTCTGATTGCGGTGGTTTCCGTAAAAGTACCGGATCCGAAATTCTCCTCACAGACCAAAGATAAGCTGGTCTCTTCCGAGGTGAAATCGGCGGTAGAACAGCAGATGAACGAACTGCTGAGCGAATACCTGCTGGAAAACCCATCTGACGCGAAAATCGTCGTCGGCAAAATTATCGACGCCGCGCGTGCGCGTGAAGCGGCGCGTCGCGCCCGTGAAATGACCCGTCGTAAAGGCGCGCTCGATTTAGCCGGTCTGCCGGGCAAACTGGCGGACTGTCAGGAACGCGACCCGGCGCTGTCCGAACTGTACCTGGTGGAAGGGGACTCCGCGGGCGGCTCTGCGAAGCAGGGGCGTAACCGCAAGAACCAGGCGATTCTGCCGCTGAAAGGTAAAATCCTTAACGTCGAGAAAGCGCGCTTCGACAAGATGCTTTCCTCCCAGGAAGTGGCGACGCTGATCACCGCGCTGGGCTGCGGTATCGGTCGCGACGAGTACAACCCGGACAAGCTGCGCTATCACAGCATCATCATCATGACCGATGCGGACGTCGACGGCTCGCACATCCGTACGCTGCTGTTGACCTTCTTCTATCGTCAGATGCCGGAAATTGTCGAGCGTGGCCACGTCTACATTGCGCAGCCGCCGCTGTACAAAGTGAAGAAAGGTAAGCAGGAACAGTACATTAAAGACGACGAAGCGATGGATCAGTACCAGATTTCCATCGCGCTTGACGGTGCGACTCTGCACGCGAACGCTCATGCGCCGGCGCTATCCGGCGAAGCGTTAGAAAAACTGGTCTCTGAATATAACGCCACGCAGAAAATGATTGGTCGTATGGAGCGTCGCTTCCCGAAAGCGCTGCTCAAAGAGCTGGTGTATCAGCCAACTCTGACCGAAGCCGATCTTTCTGATGAGCAGACTGTAACGCGCTGGGTGAATGCGCTGATTACCGAGCTGAACGAGAAAGAGCAGCACGGCAGTCAGTGGAAGTTCGATGTTCATACTAATACGGAACAGAATCTGTTCGAGCCGATCGTTCGCGTGCGTACGCATGGCGTGGATACCGATTATCCGTTGGATCACGAGTTTGTGACCGGCGCGGAATATCGTCGTATCTGCACGCTGGGCGAGAAGCTGCGTGGTCTGATTGAAGAGGACGCGTTTATCGAACGCGGCGAGCGTCGCCAGCCGGTAACCAGCTTCGAGCAGGCGCTGGAGTGGCTGGTGAAAGAATCACGTCGCGGTCTGGCTATCCAGCGTTATAAAGGTCTGGGTGAAATGAACCCGGATCAGCTGTGGGAAACCACCATGGACCCGGAAAGCCGCCGTATGCTGCGCGTGACCGTCAAAGATGCAATTGCTGCCGACCAGCTGTTCACTACGCTGATGGGTGATGCCGTTGAGCCGCGTCGTGCCTTTATCGAGGAGAACGCCCTGAAAGCAGCGAATATCGATATTTAA UPDATED fmax with 4041282 UPDATED accession with AE006468.2 UPDATED fmin with 4038867 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 99287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35734 UPDATED accession with AAL22694.1 UPDATED sequence with MSNSYDSSSIKVLKGLDAVRKRPGMYIGDTDDGTGLHHMVFEVVDNAIDEALAGHCKDIVVTIHADNSVSVTDDGRGIPTGIHPEEGVSAAEVIMTVLHAGGKFDDNSYKVSGGLHGVGVSVVNALSQKLELVIQRDGKIHRQIYEHGVPQAPLAVTGDTDKTGTMVRFWPSHETFTNVTEFEYEILAKRLRELSFLNSGVSIRLRDKRDGKEDHFHYEGGIKAFVEYLNKNKTPIHPNIFYFSTEKDGIGVEVALQWNDGFQENIYCFTNNIPQRDGGTHLAGFRAAMTRTLNAYMDKEGYSKKAKVSATGDDAREGLIAVVSVKVPDPKFSSQTKDKLVSSEVKSAVEQQMNELLSEYLLENPSDAKIVVGKIIDAARAREAARRAREMTRRKGALDLAGLPGKLADCQERDPALSELYLVEGDSAGGSAKQGRNRKNQAILPLKGKILNVEKARFDKMLSSQEVATLITALGCGIGRDEYNPDKLRYHSIIIMTDADVDGSHIRTLLLTFFYRQMPEIVERGHVYIAQPPLYKVKKGKQEQYIKDDEAMDQYQISIALDGATLHANAHAPALSGEALEKLVSEYNATQKMIGRMERRFPKALLKELVYQPTLTEADLSDEQTVTRWVNALITELNEKEQHGSQWKFDVHTNTEQNLFEPIVRVRTHGVDTDYPLDHEFVTGAEYRRICTLGEKLRGLIEEDAFIERGERRQPVTSFEQALEWLVKESRRGLAIQRYKGLGEMNPDQLWETTMDPESRRMLRVTVKDAIAADQLFTTLMGDAVEPRRAFIEENALKAANIDI " 1692 UPDATE tetM chlortetracycline; demeclocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline antibiotic; tetracycline; antibiotic target protection; minocycline; tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein; doxycycline; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAATTATTAATATTGGAGTTTTAGCTCATGTTGATGCAGGAAAAACTACCTTAACAGAAAGCTTATTATATAACAGTGGAGCGATTACAGAATTAGGAAGCGTGGACAAAGGTACAACGAGGACGGATAATACGCTTTTAGAACGTCAGAGAGGAATTACAATTCAGACAGGAATAACCTCTTTTCAGTGGGAAAATACGAAGGTGAACATCATAGACACGCCAGGACATATGGATTTCTTAGCAGAAGTATATCGTTCATTATCAGTTTTAGATGGGGCAATTCTACTGATTTCTGCAAAAGATGGCGTACAAGCACAAACTCGTATATTATTTCATGCACTTAGGAAAATGGGGATTCCCACAATCTTTTTTATCAATAAGATTGACCAAAATGGAATTGATTTATCAACGGTTTATCAGGATATTAAAGAGAAACTTTCTGCCGAAATTGTAATCAAACAGAAGGTAGAACTGTATCCTAATATGTGTGTGACGAACTTTACCGAATCTGAACAATGGGATACGGTAATAGAGGGAAACGATGACCTTTTAGAGAAATATATGTCCGGTAAATCATTAGAAGCATTGGAACTCGAACAAGAGGAAAGCATAAGATTTCAGAATTGTTCTCTGTTCCCTCTTTATCATGGAAGTGCAAAAAGTAATATAGGGATTGATAACCTTATAGAAGTTATTACTAATAAATTTTATTCATCAACACATCGAGGTCCGTCTGAACTTTGCGGAAATGTTTTCAAAATTGAATATACAAAAAAAAGACAACGTCTTGCATATATACGCCTTTATAGTGGAGTACTACATTTACGAGATTCGGTTAGAGTATCAGAAAAAGAAAAAATAAAAGTTACAGAAATGTATACTTCAATAAATGGTGAATTATGTAAGATTGATAGAGCTTATTCTGGAGAAATTGTTATTTTGCAAAATGAGTTTTTGAAGTTAAATAGTGTTCTTGGAGATACAAAACTATTGCCACAGAGAAAAAAGATTGAAAATCCGCACCCTCTACTACAAACAACTGTTGAACCGAGTAAACCTGAACAGAGAGAAATGTTGCTTGATGCCCTTTTGGAAATCTCAGATAGTGATCCGCTTCTACGATATTACGTGGATTCTACGACACATGAAATTATACTTTCTTTCTTAGGGAAAGTACAAATGGAAGTGATTAGTGCACTGTTGCAAGAAAAGTATCATGTGGAGATAGAACTAAAAGAGCCTACAGTCATTTATATGGAGAGACCGTTAAAAAATGCAGAATATACCATTCACATCGAAGTGCCGCCAAATCCTTTCTGGGCTTCCATTGGTTTATCTGTATCACCGCTTCCGTTGGGAAGTGGAATGCAGTATGAGAGCTCGGTTTCTCTTGGATACTTAAATCAATCGTTTCAAAATGCAGTTATGGAGGGGATACGCTATGGCTGTGAACAAGGATTGTATGGTTGGAATGTGACGGACTGTAAAATCTGTTTTAAGTATGGCTTATACTATAGCCCTGTTAGTACCCCAGCAGATTTTCGGATGCTTGCTCCTATTGTATTGGAACAAGTCTTAAAAAAAGCTGGAACAGAATTGTTAGAGCCATATCTTAGTTTTAAAATTTATGCGCCACAGGAATATCTTTCACGAGCATACAACGATGCTCCTAAATATTGTGCGAACATCGTAGACACTCAATTGAAAAATAATGAGGTCATTCTTAGTGGAGAAATCCCTGCTCGGTGTATTCAAGAATATCGTAGTGATTTAACTTTCTTTACAAATGGACGTAGTGTTTGTTTAACAGAGTTAAAAGGGTACCATGTTACTACCGGTGAACCTGTTTGCCAGCCCCGTCGTCCAAATAGTCGGATAGATAAAGTACGATATATGTTCAATAAAATAACTTAG UPDATED fmax with 1003680 UPDATED accession with AM990992.1 UPDATED fmin with 1001760 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ST398 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 523796 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35536 UPDATED accession with CAQ49384.1 UPDATED sequence with MKIINIGVLAHVDAGKTTLTESLLYNSGAITELGSVDKGTTRTDNTLLERQRGITIQTGITSFQWENTKVNIIDTPGHMDFLAEVYRSLSVLDGAILLISAKDGVQAQTRILFHALRKMGIPTIFFINKIDQNGIDLSTVYQDIKEKLSAEIVIKQKVELYPNMCVTNFTESEQWDTVIEGNDDLLEKYMSGKSLEALELEQEESIRFQNCSLFPLYHGSAKSNIGIDNLIEVITNKFYSSTHRGPSELCGNVFKIEYTKKRQRLAYIRLYSGVLHLRDSVRVSEKEKIKVTEMYTSINGELCKIDRAYSGEIVILQNEFLKLNSVLGDTKLLPQRKKIENPHPLLQTTVEPSKPEQREMLLDALLEISDSDPLLRYYVDSTTHEIILSFLGKVQMEVISALLQEKYHVEIELKEPTVIYMERPLKNAEYTIHIEVPPNPFWASIGLSVSPLPLGSGMQYESSVSLGYLNQSFQNAVMEGIRYGCEQGLYGWNVTDCKICFKYGLYYSPVSTPADFRMLAPIVLEQVLKKAGTELLEPYLSFKIYAPQEYLSRAYNDAPKYCANIVDTQLKNNEVILSGEIPARCIQEYRSDLTFFTNGRSVCLTELKGYHVTTGEPVCQPRRPNSRIDKVRYMFNKIT " 1757 UPDATE emrA fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; nalidixic acid; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1754 UPDATE vanO glycopeptide antibiotic; glycopeptide resistance gene cluster; van ligase; antibiotic target alteration; model_sequences "UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Rhodococcus hoagii " 1752 UPDATE MdtK antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter; acridine dye; glycylcycline; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. " 1751 UPDATE Erm(33) antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACAAAAAAAATATAAAAGACAGTCAAAACTTTATTACTTCGAAACGTAATATAGATAAAATAATGACAAATATAAGCTTAAATGAACATGATAATATCTTTGAAATTGGCTCAGGAAAAGGGCATTTTACCCTTGAATTAGTACAAAGGTGTAATTTCGTAACTGCTATTGAAATAGACCATAAATTATGCAAGACTACAGAAAATAAACTTGTTGATCACGATAATTTTCAAGTTTTAAACAAGGATATATTGCAGTTTAAATTTCCTAAAAACCAATCCTATAATATATTTGGTAATATTCCTTATAACATCAGTACGGATATTGTCAAAAGAATTACCTTTGAAAGTCAGGCTAAATATAGCTATCTTATCGTTGAGAAGGGATTTGCGAAAAGATTGCAAAATCTGCAACGAGCTTTGGGTTTACTATTAATGGTGGAGATGGATATAAAAATGCTCAAAAAAGTACCACCACTATATTTTCATCCTAAGCCAAGTGTAGACTCTGTATTGATTGTTCTTGAACGACATCAACCATTGATTTCAAAGAAGGACTACAAAAAGTATCGATCTTTTGTTTATAAGTGGGTAAACCGTGAATATCGTGTTCTTTTCACTAAAAACCAATTCCGACAGGCTTTGAAGCATGCAAATGTCACTAATATTAATAAACTATCGAAGGAACAATTTCTTTCTATTTTCAATAGTTACAAATTGTTTCACTAA UPDATED fmax with 894 UPDATED accession with AJ313523.1 UPDATED fmin with 162 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus sciuri UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36794 UPDATED accession with CAC86410.1 UPDATED sequence with MNKKNIKDSQNFITSKRNIDKIMTNISLNEHDNIFEIGSGKGHFTLELVQRCNFVTAIEIDHKLCKTTENKLVDHDNFQVLNKDILQFKFPKNQSYNIFGNIPYNISTDIVKRITFESQAKYSYLIVEKGFAKRLQNLQRALGLLLMVEMDIKMLKKVPPLYFHPKPSVDSVLIVLERHQPLISKKDYKKYRSFVYKWVNREYRVLFTKNQFRQALKHANVTNINKLSKEQFLSIFNSYKLFH UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 1699 UPDATE vanXO glycopeptide antibiotic; glycopeptide resistance gene cluster; vanX; antibiotic target alteration; model_sequences "UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Rhodococcus hoagii " 1176 UPDATE Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid isoniazid; isoniazid resistant katG; antibiotic target alteration; model_sequences; model_param "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGCCCGAGCAACACCCACCCATTACAGAAACCACCACCGGAGCCGCTAGCAACGGCTGTCCCGTCGTGGGTCATATGAAATACCCCGTCGAGGGCGGCGGAAACCAGGACTGGTGGCCCAACCGGCTCAATCTGAAGGTACTGCACCAAAACCCGGCCGTCGCTGACCCGATGGGTGCGGCGTTCGACTATGCCGCGGAGGTCGCGACCATCGACGTTGACGCCCTGACGCGGGACATCGAGGAAGTGATGACCACCTCGCAGCCGTGGTGGCCCGCCGACTACGGCCACTACGGGCCGCTGTTTATCCGGATGGCGTGGCACGCTGCCGGCACCTACCGCATCCACGACGGCCGCGGCGGCGCCGGGGGCGGCATGCAGCGGTTCGCGCCGCTTAACAGCTGGCCCGACAACGCCAGCTTGGACAAGGCGCGCCGGCTGCTGTGGCCGGTCAAGAAGAAGTACGGCAAGAAGCTCTCATGGGCGGACCTGATTGTTTTCGCCGGCAACTGCGCGCTGGAATCGATGGGCTTCAAGACGTTCGGGTTCGGCTTCGGCCGGGTCGACCAGTGGGAGCCCGATGAGGTCTATTGGGGCAAGGAAGCCACCTGGCTCGGCGATGAGCGTTACAGCGGTAAGCGGGATCTGGAGAACCCGCTGGCCGCGGTGCAGATGGGGCTGATCTACGTGAACCCGGAGGGGCCGAACGGCAACCCGGACCCCATGGCCGCGGCGGTCGACATTCGCGAGACGTTTCGGCGCATGGCCATGAACGACGTCGAAACAGCGGCGCTGATCGTCGGCGGTCACACTTTCGGTAAGACCCATGGCGCCGGCCCGGCCGATCTGGTCGGCCCCGAACCCGAGGCTGCTCCGCTGGAGCAGATGGGCTTGGGCTGGAAGAGCTCGTATGGCACCGGAACCGGTAAGGACGCGATCACCAGCGGCATCGAGGTCGTATGGACGAACACCCCGACGAAATGGGACAACAGTTTCCTCGAGATCCTGTACGGCTACGAGTGGGAGCTGACGAAGAGCCCTGCTGGCGCTTGGCAATACACCGCCAAGGACGGCGCCGGTGCCGGCACCATCCCGGACCCGTTCGGCGGGCCAGGGCGCTCCCCGACGATGCTGGCCACTGACCTCTCGCTGCGGGTGGATCCGATCTATGAGCGGATCACGCGTCGCTGGCTGGAACACCCCGAGGAATTGGCCGACGAGTTCGCCAAGGCCTGGTACAAGCTGATCCACCGAGACATGGGTCCCGTTGCGAGATACCTTGGGCCGCTGGTCCCCAAGCAGACCCTGCTGTGGCAGGATCCGGTCCCTGCGGTCAGCCACGACCTCGTCGGCGAAGCCGAGATTGCCAGCCTTAAGAGCCAGATCCGGGCATCGGGATTGACTGTCTCACAGCTAGTTTCGACCGCATGGGCGGCGGCGTCGTCGTTCCGTGGTAGCGACAAGCGCGGCGGCGCCAACGGTGGTCGCATCCGCCTGCAGCCACAAGTCGGGTGGGAGGTCAACGACCCCGACGGGGATCTGCGCAAGGTCATTCGCACCCTGGAAGAGATCCAGGAGTCATTCAACTCCGCGGCGCCGGGGAACATCAAAGTGTCCTTCGCCGACCTCGTCGTGCTCGGTGGCTGTGCCGCCATAGAGAAAGCAGCAAAGGCGGCTGGCCACAACATCACGGTGCCCTTCACCCCGGGCCGCACGGATGCGTCGCAGGAACAAACCGACGTGGAATCCTTTGCCGTGCTGGAGCCCAAGGCAGATGGCTTCCGAAACTACCTCGGAAAGGGCAACCCGTTGCCGGCCGAGTACATGCTGCTCGACAAGGCGAACCTGCTTACGCTCAGTGCCCCTGAGATGACGGTGCTGGTAGGTGGCCTGCGCGTCCTCGGCGCAAACTACAAGCGCTTACCGCTGGGCGTGTTCACCGAGGCCTCCGAGTCACTGACCAACGACTTCTTCGTGAACCTGCTCGACATGGGTATCACCTGGGAGCCCTCGCCAGCAGATGACGGGACCTACCAGGGCAAGGATGGCAGTGGCAAGGTGAAGTGGACCGGCAGCCGCGTGGACCTGGTCTTCGGGTCCAACTCGGAGTTGCGGGCGCTTGTCGAGGTCTATGGCGCCGATGACGCGCAGCCGAAGTTCGTGCAGGACTTCGTCGCTGCCTGGGACAAGGTGATGAACCTCGACAGGTTCGACGTGCGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2156111 UPDATED accession with AL123456.3 UPDATED fmin with 2153888 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 83332 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39507 UPDATED accession with CCP44675.1 UPDATED sequence with MPEQHPPITETTTGAASNGCPVVGHMKYPVEGGGNQDWWPNRLNLKVLHQNPAVADPMGAAFDYAAEVATIDVDALTRDIEEVMTTSQPWWPADYGHYGPLFIRMAWHAAGTYRIHDGRGGAGGGMQRFAPLNSWPDNASLDKARRLLWPVKKKYGKKLSWADLIVFAGNCALESMGFKTFGFGFGRVDQWEPDEVYWGKEATWLGDERYSGKRDLENPLAAVQMGLIYVNPEGPNGNPDPMAAAVDIRETFRRMAMNDVETAALIVGGHTFGKTHGAGPADLVGPEPEAAPLEQMGLGWKSSYGTGTGKDAITSGIEVVWTNTPTKWDNSFLEILYGYEWELTKSPAGAWQYTAKDGAGAGTIPDPFGGPGRSPTMLATDLSLRVDPIYERITRRWLEHPEELADEFAKAWYKLIHRDMGPVARYLGPLVPKQTLLWQDPVPAVSHDLVGEAEIASLKSQIRASGLTVSQLVSTAWAAASSFRGSDKRGGANGGRIRLQPQVGWEVNDPDGDLRKVIRTLEEIQESFNSAAPGNIKVSFADLVVLGGCAAIEKAAKAAGHNITVPFTPGRTDASQEQTDVESFAVLEPKADGFRNYLGKGNPLPAEYMLLDKANLLTLSAPEMTVLVGGLRVLGANYKRLPLGVFTEASESLTNDFFVNLLDMGITWEPSPADDGTYQGKDGSGKVKWTGSRVDLVFGSNSELRALVEVYGADDAQPKFVQDFVAAWDKVMNLDRFDVR UPDATED 8868 with M126I, R496L " 618 UPDATE emeA antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter; acridine dye; acriflavine; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. " 2706 UPDATE MvaT penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 142 UPDATE tet(E) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1171 UPDATE tet44 chlortetracycline; demeclocycline; oxytetracycline; tetracycline antibiotic; tetracycline; antibiotic target protection; minocycline; tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein; doxycycline; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_name with tet(44) " 2344 UPDATE ADC-14 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTTGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATTTATTATGGTCTACAATCCGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCAGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAACAAAAGGAACAATCTCTTTTAAAGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAGCTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAGCTTGCTACCTATACAAGTGGGAACCTTGCTTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGATCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGGCCTTAGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCTGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGACATGCTTAAGTTTATTAATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAAGCATTAGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACCGCTATTTCAAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACCAATGGTTTCGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCTTTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTGTTAAACGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283527.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95247.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKTKGTISFKDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPGLSLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLKFINANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERFKAAYAVLNAIKK " 1275 UPDATE ErmT antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 1885 UPDATE tet(Z) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGCTCATCACGGCGACCCTCGATGCTGCAGGGCTGGGCCTCGTGATGCCGATCTTGCCTACCCTTCTCGACCAGGTCGGTGCCCCCGACGACATGATCCCACTGCACGTCGGACTACTGACAGCGCTCTATGCGATCATGCAGTTTCTTTGCGCCCCGATCCTTGGCCGACTCTCTGACCGTTTCGGACGCCGCCGCGTGCTTGTCGCCTCCCTCGCAGGCGCGACGATCGACTACCTCGTGCTCGCACTGACGGACACGCTGTGGGTCTTTTACCTCGCCCGCGCGGTTGCAGGCATTACCGGCGCCACGAACGCCGTCACCGCGACGGTGATCGCCGACATTACTCCGCCGGATCAGCGCGCAAAACGCTACGGGTGGCTCGGCGCATGCTACGGCGGTGGCATGATCGCGGGTCCCGCCATTGGCGGTCTTTTCGGCGGGGTCTCACCGCATCTGCCATTCCTCGTCGCCGCCGCGCTCGCCGGAATCACCCTCGTACTCAGCGCGAGTCTTCTGCGTGAGACGCGGCCACCGGGCAGCAACGGCTCGCACGCACAGCAACCCGGTACGGCGAAGCGAACCGCAGTGCCGGGGATGCTTATCCTTCTCGCAGTCTTCGGCATCGTGCAGTTCATCGGCCAAGCACCAGGCTCCACCTGGGTGCTCTTCACGCAGCAGCGCCTCGACTGGAACCCCGTCGAAGTCGGCGTTTCGCTATCCATCTTCGGAATGGTGCAAGTATTCGTGCAGGCGGCACTGACCGGACGCATCGTGTCCCGGATCGGCGAGACCCGGGCGATCCTCGTCGGTATCGCCGCAGACGCCATTGGGCTCATCGGCCTTGCCCTCATCGCCAGCACATGGGCGATGCTACCGATCCTCGCAGCGCTCGGACTCGGCAGCATCACGTTGCCCGCACTGCAGACGCTGCTCTCGAGACGCGCGCCCGAGCAGCAGCAGGGACGCCTGCAGGGAACACTTGCAAGCCTGAACAGCCTCACCTCGATCATCGGCCCGGTCACCTTCACCGGCATTTTCGCACTCACCCGAACGAATGCAGACGGCACCCTCTGGATCTGCGCCGCAGCGCTCTACGTTCTCTGCGCCCTCCTGATGATCCGTGAGACATGCGCCTCACGGCGATCTCGATAA UPDATED fmax with 13034 UPDATED accession with AF121000.1 UPDATED fmin with 11879 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Corynebacterium glutamicum UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1718 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36777 UPDATED accession with AAD25063.1 UPDATED sequence with MLITATLDAAGLGLVMPILPTLLDQVGAPDDMIPLHVGLLTALYAIMQFLCAPILGRLSDRFGRRRVLVASLAGATIDYLVLALTDTLWVFYLARAVAGITGATNAVTATVIADITPPDQRAKRYGWLGACYGGGMIAGPAIGGLFGGVSPHLPFLVAAALAGITLVLSASLLRETRPPGSNGSHAQQPGTAKRTAVPGMLILLAVFGIVQFIGQAPGSTWVLFTQQRLDWNPVEVGVSLSIFGMVQVFVQAALTGRIVSRIGETRAILVGIAADAIGLIGLALIASTWAMLPILAALGLGSITLPALQTLLSRRAPEQQQGRLQGTLASLNSLTSIIGPVTFTGIFALTRTNADGTLWICAAALYVLCALLMIRETCASRRSR UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1880 UPDATE adeN penem; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; imipenem; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ticarcillin; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2088 UPDATE Mycobacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to streptomycin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to streptomycin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MC2 155 UPDATED model_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA mutation in the rrsB gene conferring resistance to streptomycin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2122 UPDATE Mycobacterium chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_category; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides chelonae can cause resistance to neomycin. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED model_name with Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacteroides chelonae 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to neomycin " 2124 UPDATE Clostridium difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin pulvomycin; elfamycin resistant EF-Tu; GE2270A; LFF571; elfamycin antibiotic; enacyloxin IIa; antibiotic target alteration; ARO_description; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Sequence variants of Clostridioides difficile elongation factor Tu that confer resistance to elfamycin antibiotics. UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGCTAAAGCTAAATACGAAAGAACAAAACCTCATGTTAATATAGGGACAATAGGACACGTAGACCACGGTAAAACTACATTAACAGCAGCAATAACAAAAACATTATATGACAGATATCAATTAGGAGAAGCAGTAGATTTCGCAAACATAGATAAAGCTCCAGAAGAAAGAGAAAGAGGAATCACAATATCAACAGCACACGTTGAGTATGAAACACCAAATAGACACTATGCACACGTTGACTGCCCAGGGCATGCTGACTACGTTAAGAACATGATAACAGGAGCAGCACAAATGGACGGAGCAATATTAGTTTGTTCAGCAACAGATGGACCAATGCCACAAACAAGAGAGCATATACTATTATCAAGACAAGTTGGAGTACCATATATAGTAGTATTCTTAAATAAATGTGACATGGTAGATGATGAAGAGTTATTAGAGTTAGTAGAGATGGAAGTAAGAGATTTATTAACAGAGTATGATTTCCCAGGAGATGACACTCCAATAGTAAGAGGATCAGCGTTAATGGCATTAGAAGATCCAAAGAGTGAGTGGGGAGATAAGATAGTAGAATTATTCGAGCAAATAGATGAATATATACCAGCACCAGAGAGAGATACAGATAAGCCATTCTTAATGCCAGTAGAAGACGTATTCTCAATCACAGGAAGAGGAACAGTTGCAACAGGAAGAGTGGAAAGAGGAGTATTAAAAGTACAAGACGAAGTAGAATTAGTAGGATTAACAGAAGCACCAAGAAAAGTAGTAGTAACAGGAGTAGAGATGTTCAGAAAATTATTAGACCAAGCACAAGCAGGGGATAATATAGGAGCATTATTAAGAGGAGTACAAAGAAACGAGATAGAAAGAGGACAAGTACTAGCAAAGACTGGATCAGTAAAGGCACACACAAAGTTTACAGCAGAAGTATATGTACTTAAAAAAGAAGAAGGTGGAAGACATACACCATTCTTTGATGGATATAGACCACAATTTTACTTCAGAACAACAGACGTAACAGGAGCTTGTAAGTTACCAGAAGGAATAGAGATGGTAATGCCTGGAGATAACGTAACAATGGAAGTAGACTTAATAAACTCAATAGTTGTAGAAGAGGGATTAAGATTCTCAATAAGAGAAGGTGGAAGAACAGTAGCTTCAGGAGTTGTTGCTACAATAATAGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 110804 UPDATED accession with CP012325.1 UPDATED fmin with 109610 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Clostridioides difficile UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1496 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36807 UPDATED accession with AXU66539.1 UPDATED sequence with MAKAKYERTKPHVNIGTIGHVDHGKTTLTAAITKTLYDRYQLGEAVDFANIDKAPEERERGITISTAHVEYETPNRHYAHVDCPGHADYVKNMITGAAQMDGAILVCSATDGPMPQTREHILLSRQVGVPYIVVFLNKCDMVDDEELLELVEMEVRDLLTEYDFPGDDTPIVRGSALMALEDPKSEWGDKIVELFEQIDEYIPAPERDTDKPFLMPVEDVFSITGRGTVATGRVERGVLKVQDEVELVGLTEAPRKVVVTGVEMFRKLLDQAQAGDNIGALLRGVQRNEIERGQVLAKTGSVKAHTKFTAEVYVLKKEEGGRHTPFFDGYRPQFYFRTTDVTGACKLPEGIEMVMPGDNVTMEVDLINSIVVEEGLRFSIREGGRTVASGVVATIIE UPDATED model_name with Clostridioides difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin UPDATED ARO_name with Clostridioides difficile EF-Tu mutants conferring resistance to elfamycin " 2127 UPDATE Borrelia burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 3' minor domain of the 16S rRNA gene of Borreliella burgdorferi can confer resistance to kanamycin UPDATED ARO_name with Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Borreliella burgdorferi UPDATED model_name with Borreliella burgdorferi 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to kanamycin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2126 UPDATE Mycobacterium abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to tobramycin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus UPDATED model_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tobramycin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2129 UPDATE Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2128 UPDATE Mycobacterium abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to gentamicin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus UPDATED model_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to gentamicin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2080 UPDATE Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrsH) mutation conferring resistance to spectinomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2081 UPDATE patA penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 2086 UPDATE Escherichia coli 16S rRNA (rrnB) mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; streptomycin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; butirosin; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; bleomycin A2; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; 16S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline derivatives; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2087 UPDATE aadA13 antibiotic inactivation; aminoglycoside antibiotic; ANT(3''); streptomycin; spectinomycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGGGACTCAGTGACCGCCGAAATTTCGACGCAACTATCCAAGGTGCTTAGTGTTATCGAGCACCATCTGGAACCGACGTTGCTTGCCGTACATTTGTACGGCTCCGCAGTGGATGGCGGCCTGAAGCCATACAGTGATATTGATTTGCTGGTTACTGTGACCGCAAGGCTTGATGACACAACGCGGCGAGCTTTGTTCAACGATCTTTTGGAGGTTTCGGCTTTCCCAGGCGAGAGTGAGATTCTCCGCGCTATAGAAGTCACCATTGTCGTGCACGAAGACATTATGCCGTGGCGTTATCCAGCCAAGCGCGAACTGCAATTTGGAGAATGGCAGCGCAATGACATTCTTGCGGGTATCTTCGAGCCAGCCACGATCGACATCGATCTGGCTATCTTGCTAACGAAAGCGAGAGAACATAGCGTGGCTTTGGTAGGTCCGGCGGCGGAGGAACTCTTTGATCCAGTTCCTGAACAAGATCTAATCAAGGCGCTGAATGAAACCTTGAAGCTATGGAACTCGCAGCCCGACTGGGCCGGCGATGAGCGAAATGTAGTGCTTACGTTGTCCCGCATTTGGTACAGCGCAGCAACTGGTAAAATCGCGCCGAAGGATGTCGCTGCCAACTGGGCAATGGAACATCTACCTGCCCAGCATCAGTCTGTCTTGCTTGAAGCTAGACAGGCTTATCTTGGGCAAGAGGAAGATCGCTCGGTCTTGCGCGCAGATAAGTTGGAAGAATTTATTCACTTCATGAAAAGCGAGATCACCAAGGTGCTCGGCAATGATGTCTAA UPDATED fmax with 1437 UPDATED accession with EU746499.1 UPDATED fmin with 639 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36752 UPDATED accession with ABW91178.1 UPDATED sequence with MRDSVTAEISTQLSKVLSVIEHHLEPTLLAVHLYGSAVDGGLKPYSDIDLLVTVTARLDDTTRRALFNDLLEVSAFPGESEILRAIEVTIVVHEDIMPWRYPAKRELQFGEWQRNDILAGIFEPATIDIDLAILLTKAREHSVALVGPAAEELFDPVPEQDLIKALNETLKLWNSQPDWAGDERNVVLTLSRIWYSAATGKIAPKDVAANWAMEHLPAQHQSVLLEARQAYLGQEEDRSVLRADKLEEFIHFMKSEITKVLGNDV " 2084 UPDATE Mycobacterium abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of Mycobacteroides abscessus conferring resistance to amikacin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus UPDATED model_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to amikacin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 514 UPDATE LEN-10 penam; LEN beta-lactamase; antibiotic inactivation; penem; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGTTATGTTCGCCTGTGTGTTATCTCCCTGTTAGCCACCCTGCCACTGGCGGTAGACGCCGGTCCACAGCCGCTTGAGCAGATTAAACAAAGCGAAAGCCAGCTGTCGGGCCGCGTGGGGATGGTGGAAATGGATCTGGCCAGCGGCCGCACGCTGGCGGCCTGGCGCGCCGATGAACGCTTTCCCATGGTGAGCACCTTTAAAGTGCTGCTGTGCGGCGCGGTGCTGGCGCGGGTGGATGCCGGGCTCGAACAACTGGATCGGCGGATCCACTACCGCCAGCAGGATCTGGTGGACTACTCCCCGGTCAGCGAAAAACACCTTACCGACGGGATGACGATCGGCGAACTCTGCGCCGCCGCCATCACCCTGAGCGATAACAGCGCTGGCAATCTGCTGCTGGCCACCGTCGGCGGCCCCGCGGGATTAACTGCCTTTCTGCGCCAGATCGGTGACAACGTCACCCGTCTTGACCGCTGGGAAACGGCACTGAATGAGGCGCTTCCCGGCGACGCGCGCGACACCACCACCCCGGCCAGCATGGCCGCCACGCTGCGCAAACTACTGACCGCGCAGCATCTGAGCGCCCGTTCGCAACAGCAACTCCTGCAGTGGATGGTGGACGATCGGGTTGCCGGCCCGCTGATCCGCGCCGTGCTGCCGCCGGGCTGGTTTATCGCCGACAAAACCGGGGCTGGCGAACGGGGTGCGCGCGGCATTGTCGCCCTGCTCGGCCCGGACGGCAAACCGGAGCGCATTGTGGTGCTCTATCTGCGGGATACCCCGGCGAGTATGGCCGAGCGTAATCAACATATCGCCGGGATCGGCGCAGCGCTGATCGAGCACTGGCAACGCTAA UPDATED fmax with 4256 UPDATED accession with CBBA010000184.1 UPDATED fmin with 3395 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Klebsiella variicola CAG:634 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1263083 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42760 UPDATED accession with CDA01504.1 UPDATED sequence with MRYVRLCVISLLATLPLAVDAGPQPLEQIKQSESQLSGRVGMVEMDLASGRTLAAWRADERFPMVSTFKVLLCGAVLARVDAGLEQLDRRIHYRQQDLVDYSPVSEKHLTDGMTIGELCAAAITLSDNSAGNLLLATVGGPAGLTAFLRQIGDNVTRLDRWETALNEALPGDARDTTTPASMAATLRKLLTAQHLSARSQQQLLQWMVDDRVAGPLIRAVLPPGWFIADKTGAGERGARGIVALLGPDGKPERIVVLYLRDTPASMAERNQHIAGIGAALIEHWQR " 1471 UPDATE adeI penem; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; imipenem; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ticarcillin; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGATGTCGGCTAAGCTTTGGGCACCAGCCCTTACTGCTTGCGCATTAGCAACAAGTATCGCGCTTGTTGGTTGTAGCAAAGGCTCCGATGAGAAACAGCAAGCTGCTGCTGCTCAGAAAATGCCGCCTGCAGAAGTAGGTGTTATTGTTGCTCAACCACAAAGTGTTGAACAAAGCGTTGAGCTTTCAGGCCGTACTTCAGCATATCAAATTTCTGAAGTTCGTCCTCAAACAAGTGGCGTGATTTTAAAACGTTTATTTGCTGAAGGAAGCTATGTTCGTGAAGGTCAGGCGCTTTATGAGCTCGACTCTAGAACGAACCGTGCAACGTTAGAAAATGCAAAAGCATCACTCCTACAACAACAGGCAAATCTAGCTTCACTACGTACCAAGTTAAATCGTTATAAACAACTTGTTTCTAGTAATGCTGTGTCTAAACAGGAATATGATGACTTACTTGGTCAAGTCAATGTTGCAGAAGCACAAGTTGCAGCAGCTAAGGCTCAAGTAACAAATGCAAATGTAGATCTTGGTTATTCTACAATTCGCTCTCCTATTTCTGGCCAATCTGGTCGTTCTTCAGTAACGGCTGGTGCTTTGGTTACTGCAAACCAGACTGACCCGTTGGTAACGATTCAACAATTAGATCCTATCTATGTTGATATTAATCAGTCTAGTGCTGAGTTATTGCGTTTACGTCAACAACTAAGCAAAGGCAGTTTAAATAACAGTAACAACACGAAAGTAAAATTAAAGCTTGAAGATGGTTCTACCTATCCAATCGAAGGGCAACTTGCTTTCTCTGACGCTTCTGTAAACCAAGATACAGGAACAATTACATTACGTGCCGTATTCTCTAACCCGAATCATTTATTGCTTCCGGGTATGTATACCACTGCGCAAATTGTTCAGGGCGTTGTTCCAAATGCTTACCTGATTCCTCAAGCTGCCATTACTCGTTTACCTACAGGACAAGCTGTAGCGATGCTTGTTAATGCTAAAGGGGTTGTTGAGAGCCGTCCTGTTGAAACCTCTGGTGTTCAAGGACAAAACTGGATTGTGACTAACGGCTTAAAAGCCGGCGATAAAGTCATTGTTGATGGTGTTGCCAAAGTTAAAGAAGGGCAAGAAGTATCAGCAAAACCTTATCAAGCTCAACCAGCAAACTCTCAAGGTGCAGCACCAAATGCTGCGAAACCGGCTCAATCAGGTAAACCTCAAGCAGAACAGAAAGCAGCTTCAAATGCATAA UPDATED fmax with 3284677 UPDATED accession with CP001182.2 UPDATED fmin with 3283426 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 480119 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35531 UPDATED accession with ACJ41739.1 UPDATED sequence with MMSAKLWAPALTACALATSIALVGCSKGSDEKQQAAAAQKMPPAEVGVIVAQPQSVEQSVELSGRTSAYQISEVRPQTSGVILKRLFAEGSYVREGQALYELDSRTNRATLENAKASLLQQQANLASLRTKLNRYKQLVSSNAVSKQEYDDLLGQVNVAEAQVAAAKAQVTNANVDLGYSTIRSPISGQSGRSSVTAGALVTANQTDPLVTIQQLDPIYVDINQSSAELLRLRQQLSKGSLNNSNNTKVKLKLEDGSTYPIEGQLAFSDASVNQDTGTITLRAVFSNPNHLLLPGMYTTAQIVQGVVPNAYLIPQAAITRLPTGQAVAMLVNAKGVVESRPVETSGVQGQNWIVTNGLKAGDKVIVDGVAKVKEGQEVSAKPYQAQPANSQGAAPNAAKPAQSGKPQAEQKAASNA UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 1474 UPDATE MexR sulfonamide antibiotic; penem; panipenem; antibiotic target alteration; tetracycline antibiotic; clavulanate; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; cephalosporin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; ceftazidime; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; cephamycin; ceftriaxone; colistin B; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; colistin A; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; amoxicillin; penam; triclosan; aminoglycoside antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; tetracycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; chloramphenicol; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACTACCCCGTGAATCCCGACCTGATGCCCGCGCTGATGGCGGTCTTCCAGCATGTGCGGACGCGCATCCAGAGCGAGCTCGATTGCCAGCGACTCGACCTGACCCCGCCCGACGTCCATGTATTGAAGCTTATCGACGAACAACGCGGGCTGAACCTGCAGGACCTGGGACGCCAGATGTGCCGCGACAAGGCACTGATCACCCGGAAGATCCGCGAGCTGGAGGGAAGAAACCTGGTCCGCCGCGAGCGCAACCCCAGCGACCAGCGCAGCTTCCAGCTCTTCCTCACCGACGAGGGGCTGGCCATCCACCAGCATGCGGAGGCCATCATGTCACGCGTGCATGACGAGTTGTTTGCCCCGCTCACCCCGGTGGAACAGGCCACCCTGGTGCATCTCCTCGACCAGTGCCTGGCCGCGCAACCGCTTGAGGATATTTAA UPDATED fmax with 471749 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 471305 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG03813.1 UPDATED sequence with MNYPVNPDLMPALMAVFQHVRTRIQSELDCQRLDLTPPDVHVLKLIDEQRGLNLQDLGRQMCRDKALITRKIRELEGRNLVRRERNPSDQRSFQLFLTDEGLAIHQHAEAIMSRVHDELFAPLTPVEQATLVHLLDQCLAAQPLEDI UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36968 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000624 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with colistin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36966 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000622 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 1570 UPDATE OprA arbekacin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2224 UPDATE Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD with mutation conferring resistance to imipenem penam; carbapenem; imipenem; penem; reduced permeability to antibiotic; Outer Membrane Porin (Opr); cephalosporin; cephamycin; monobactam; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAGTGATGAAGTGGAGCGCCATTGCACTGGCGGTTTCCGCAGGTAGCACTCAGTTCGCCGTGGCCGACGCATTCGTCAGCGATCAGGCCGAAGCGAAGGGGTTCATCGAAGACAGCAGCCTCGACCTGCTGCTCCGCAACTACTATTTCAACCGTGACGGCAAGAGCGGCAGCGGGGACCGCGTCGACTGGACCCAAGGCTTCCTCACCACCTATGAATCCGGCTTCACCCAAGGCACTGTGGGCTTCGGCGTCGATGCCTTCGGCTACCTGGGCCTGAAGCTCGACGGCACCTCCGACAAGACCGGCACCGGCAACCTGCCGGTGATGAACGACGGCAAGCCGCGCGATGACTACAGCCGCGCCGGCGGCGCCGTGAAGGTGCGCATCTCCAAGACCATGCTGAAGTGGGGCGAGATGCAACCGACCGCCCCGGTCTTCGCCGCTGGCGGCAGCCGCCTGTTCCCGCAGACCGCGACCGGCTTCCAGCTGCAGAGCAGCGAATTCGAAGGGCTCGACCTCGAGGCAGGCCACTTCACCGAGGGCAAGGAGCCGACCACCGTCAAATCGCGTGGCGAACTCTATGCCACCTACGCAGGCGAGACCGCCAAGAGCGCCGATTTCATTGGGGGCCGCTACGCAATCACCGATAACCTCAGCGCCTCCCTGTACGGCGCCGAACTCGAAGACATCTATCGCCAGTATTACCTGAACAGCAACTACACCATCCCACTGGCATCCGACCAATCGCTGGGCTTCGATTTCAACATCTACCGCACAAACGATGAAGGCAAGGCCAAGGCCGGCGACATCAGCAACACCACTTGGTCCCTGGCGGCAGCCTACACTCTGGATGCGCACACTTTCACCTTGGCCTACCAGAAGGTCCATGGCGATCAGCCGTTTGATTATATCGGCTTCGGCCGCAACGGCTCTGGCGCAGGTGGCGACTCGATTTTCCTCGCCAACTCTGTCCAGTACTCCGACTTCAACGGCCCTGGCGAGAAATCCTGGCAGGCTCGCTACGACCTGAACCTAGCCTCCTATGGCGTTCCCGGCCTGACTTTCATGGTCCGCTATATCAATGGCAAGGACATCGATGGCACCAAGATGTCTGACAACAACGTCGGCTATAAGAACTACGGCTACGGCGAGGATGGCAAGCACCACGAAACCAACCTCGAAGCCAAGTACGTGGTCCAGTCCGGTCCGGCCAAGGACCTGTCGTTCCGCATCCGCCAGGCCTGGCACCGTGCCAACGCCGACCAGGGCGAAGGCGACCAGAACGAGTTCCGCCTGATCGTCGACTATCCGCTGTCGATCCTGTAA UPDATED fmax with 1045314 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 1043982 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG04347.1 UPDATED sequence with MKVMKWSAIALAVSAGSTQFAVADAFVSDQAEAKGFIEDSSLDLLLRNYYFNRDGKSGSGDRVDWTQGFLTTYESGFTQGTVGFGVDAFGYLGLKLDGTSDKTGTGNLPVMNDGKPRDDYSRAGGAVKVRISKTMLKWGEMQPTAPVFAAGGSRLFPQTATGFQLQSSEFEGLDLEAGHFTEGKEPTTVKSRGELYATYAGETAKSADFIGGRYAITDNLSASLYGAELEDIYRQYYLNSNYTIPLASDQSLGFDFNIYRTNDEGKAKAGDISNTTWSLAAAYTLDAHTFTLAYQKVHGDQPFDYIGFGRNGSGAGGDSIFLANSVQYSDFNGPGEKSWQARYDLNLASYGVPGLTFMVRYINGKDIDGTKMSDNNVGYKNYGYGEDGKHHETNLEAKYVVQSGPAKDLSFRIRQAWHRANADQGEGDQNEFRLIVDYPLSIL " 2712 UPDATE MexXY-OprA arbekacin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2713 UPDATE MexXY-OprM erythromycin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. " 2659 UPDATE Klebsiella pneumoniae acrA tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; rifampin; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; penam; triclosan; antibacterial free fatty acids; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. " 2711 UPDATE MexXY-OprM erythromycin; tetracycline antibiotic; meropenem; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; acriflavine; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. " 2716 UPDATE OpmB tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; rokitamycin; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; kitasamycin; triclosan; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAACACACCCCCTCGTTGCTCGCCCTGGCCCTGGTCGCCGCCCTCGGCGGCTGCGCCATCGGCCCCGACTACCAGCGACCGGACCTGGCGGTGCCCGCCGAATTCAAGGAAGCCGAAGGCTGGCGCCGCGCCGAGCCGCGCGACGTGTTCCAGCGCGGCGCCTGGTGGGAGCTGTACGGCGACCAGACCCTGAACGACCTGCAGATGCACCTGGAACGTTCCAACCAGACCCTGGCCCAGTCGGTGGCGCAGTTCCGCCAGGCCGAGGCGCTGGTGCGCGGCGCGCGGGCGGCGTTCTTCCCGTCGATCACCGGCAACGTGGGCAAGACCCGCAGCGGCCAGGGCGGCGGCGACAGCACCGTGTTGCTGCCGGGAGGCTCGACGGTGAGCAGCGGCGGCTCTGGCGCGATCAGCACCAGCTACTCGACCAACCTCAGTGTCAGCTGGGAGGTCGACCTCTGGGGCAAGCTGCGCCGGCAACTGGAGGCCAACCAGGCGAGCCTGCATGCCAGCGCCGCCGACCTCGCCGCGGTGCGCCTCAGCCAGCAGTCGCAACTGGCGCAGAACTACCTGCAACTGCGGGTGATGGACGAACAGATCCGCCTGCTCAACGACACGGTGACGGCCTACGAGCGTTCGCTGAAGGTGGCCGAGAACAAATACCGCGCCGGCATCGTCACCAGGGCCGACGTGGCCCAGGCCCGCACCCAGTTGAAAAGCACCCAGGCCCAGGCCATCGACCTGAAGTACCAGCGTGCCCAGCTGGAGCACGCCATCGCCGTGCTGGTCGGCCTGCCGCCGGCGCAATTCAACCTGCCGCCGGTGGCGAGCGTGCCGAAGCTGCCGGACCTGCCGGCAGTGGTGCCGTCGCAATTGCTCGAACGACGGCCGGACATCGCCTCGGCGGAACGCAAGGTGATTTCCGCCAACGCCCAGATCGGCGTGGCCAAGGCCGCCTATTTCCCCGACCTCACCCTGAGCGCCGCCGGCGGCTACCGCAGCGGCAGCCTGAGCAACTGGATCAGCACGCCGAACCGCTTCTGGTCGATCGGCCCGCAGTTCGCCATGACCCTGTTTGACGGCGGCCTGATCGGCTCCCAGGTGGACCAGGCCGAGGCTACCTACGACCAGACCGTGGCGACCTACCGGCAGACCGTGCTCGACGGTTTCCGCGAGGTGGAGGACTACCTGGTGCAATTGAGCGTCCTCGACGAGGAGAGCGGGGTGCAGCGCGAAGCCCTGGAGTCGGCCCGCGAGGCACTGCGCCTGGCCGAGAACCAGTACAAGGCCGGCACCGTCGACTACACCGACGTGGTCACCAACCAGGCCACCGCGCTGAGCAACGAACGCACCGTGCTGACCCTGCTCGGCAGCCGCCTGACCGCCAGCGTCCAGTTGATCGCGGCAATGGGCGGCGGCTGGGACAGCGCCGACATCGAGCGGACCGACGAGCGGCTCGGCCGGGTCGAAGAGGGCCTGCCGCCTTCGCCCTGA UPDATED fmax with 2847779 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 2846282 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG05913.1 UPDATED sequence with MKHTPSLLALALVAALGGCAIGPDYQRPDLAVPAEFKEAEGWRRAEPRDVFQRGAWWELYGDQTLNDLQMHLERSNQTLAQSVAQFRQAEALVRGARAAFFPSITGNVGKTRSGQGGGDSTVLLPGGSTVSSGGSGAISTSYSTNLSVSWEVDLWGKLRRQLEANQASLHASAADLAAVRLSQQSQLAQNYLQLRVMDEQIRLLNDTVTAYERSLKVAENKYRAGIVTRADVAQARTQLKSTQAQAIDLKYQRAQLEHAIAVLVGLPPAQFNLPPVASVPKLPDLPAVVPSQLLERRPDIASAERKVISANAQIGVAKAAYFPDLTLSAAGGYRSGSLSNWISTPNRFWSIGPQFAMTLFDGGLIGSQVDQAEATYDQTVATYRQTVLDGFREVEDYLVQLSVLDEESGVQREALESAREALRLAENQYKAGTVDYTDVVTNQATALSNERTVLTLLGSRLTASVQLIAAMGGGWDSADIERTDERLGRVEEGLPPSP UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2717 UPDATE MuxA tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; rokitamycin; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; kitasamycin; triclosan; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACTCCAACGACCGGTAAATCCAAGTTCCGTACCCTGCGCCCGTGGCTGATCACCGCCCTGGCCTTCGCCGCCGTGATCGGCCTGGTGATGTGGCTGGCGGCGCCCGCCTCGGCACCGTCCTCCGACGGGCGACCCGGTCGCGGCGGCAAGCCGGGCGCCGCGCTGCCCAAGGCCAACGCGCTCACCGTCGGCGTGGCCAGGGTGGAGCAGGGCGACCTGGCGCTGCATTTCAACGCGCTTGGCACCGTCACCGCCTTCAACACGGTGAACGTCAAGCCGCGGGTCAACGGCGAGCTGGTCAAGGTGCTGTTCCAGGAGGGGCAGGAGGTCAAGGCCGGCGACCTGCTGGCGGTGGTCGACCCGCGCACCTACAAGGCGGCGCTGGCCCAGGCCGAGGGCACGCTGATGCAGAACCAGGCGCAACTGAAGAACGCCGAGATCGACCTGCAGCGCTACAAGGGGCTGTATGCCGAGGACTCGATAGCCAAGCAGACCCTGGATACCCAGGAAGCCCAGGTCCGCCAGTTGCAGGGCACCATCCGTACCAACCAGGGCCAGGTCGACGACGCCCGCCTCAACCTGACCTTCACCGAGGTCCGCGCACCGATTTCCGGGCGCCTCGGCCTGCGCCAGGTGGACATCGGCAACCTGGTCACCAGCGGCGATACCACGCCGCTGGTGGTGATCACCCAGGTCAAGCCGATCTCGGTGGTGTTCAGCCTGCCGCAGCAGCAGATCGGCACCGTCGTCGAGCAGATGAACGGCCCCGGCAAGCTGACGGTCACCGCGCTGGACCGCAACCAGGACAAGGTTCTCGCCGAAGGCACCCTGACCACCCTGGACAACCAGATCGACACCACCACCGGCACGGTCAAGCTCAAGGCGCGCTTCGAGAACGCCGACGGCAAGCTGTTCCCCAACCAGTTCGTCAACGTGCGCCTGCTGGCGCAGACCCTCAAAGGCGTGCTGACCATTCCGGCCAACGCCGTGCAGCGCGGCACCAACGGTATCTATGTCTACGTGGTCGGCGCCGACAACAAGGTCAGCCAGCGCAGCGTCGCCATCGGCACCAGCGAGAACGAGCGGGTGGTGGTGGAAAGCGGCCTGAAGGCCGGCGAGCAGGTGGTGGTGGAAGGCACCGACCGCCTGCGCGACGGTATGGAAGTGCGTGTCGCCGAGGCCTCCCCGCAGGTCCTCGAGGGCGAGCCGCAGAAACCGCAGACTGGCCGCCCCAGCGGCCTCCAGGGCGACTCGGTGGGTAGCGGGAGCGCTGAATGA UPDATED fmax with 2855291 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 2854010 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG05916.1 UPDATED sequence with MTPTTGKSKFRTLRPWLITALAFAAVIGLVMWLAAPASAPSSDGRPGRGGKPGAALPKANALTVGVARVEQGDLALHFNALGTVTAFNTVNVKPRVNGELVKVLFQEGQEVKAGDLLAVVDPRTYKAALAQAEGTLMQNQAQLKNAEIDLQRYKGLYAEDSIAKQTLDTQEAQVRQLQGTIRTNQGQVDDARLNLTFTEVRAPISGRLGLRQVDIGNLVTSGDTTPLVVITQVKPISVVFSLPQQQIGTVVEQMNGPGKLTVTALDRNQDKVLAEGTLTTLDNQIDTTTGTVKLKARFENADGKLFPNQFVNVRLLAQTLKGVLTIPANAVQRGTNGIYVYVVGADNKVSQRSVAIGTSENERVVVESGLKAGEQVVVEGTDRLRDGMEVRVAEASPQVLEGEPQKPQTGRPSGLQGDSVGSGSAE UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2718 UPDATE MuxB tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aztreonam; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; rokitamycin; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; kitasamycin; triclosan; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAACCCGTCCCGCCCGTTCATCCTGCGGCCGGTCGCGACCACCCTGCTGATGGTGGCGATCCTGCTCTCGGGCCTGATCGCCTACCGCTTCCTGCCGATCTCGGCGTTGCCGGAAGTGGACTACCCGACCATCCAGGTGGTCACCCTGTACCCCGGCGCCAGCCCGGAGATCATGACCTCGTCGATCACCGCGCCGCTGGAGAACCAGCTCGGGCAGATTCCGGGGCTCAACGAGATGTCTTCCAGCAGTTCCGGCGGCGCCTCGGTGATCACCCTGCAATTCAGCCTGCAGAGCAACCTCGATGTCGCCGAGCAGGAAGTCCAGGCGGCGATCAACGCCGCGCAGAGCCTGCTGCCCAACGACCTGCCGAACCAGCCGGTGTTCAGCAAGGTGAATCCGGCGGACGCACCGATCCTGACCCTGGCGGTGATGTCCGACGGCATGCCGCTGCCGCAGATCCAGGACCTGGTGGATACCCGCCTGGCACAGAAGATCTCGCAGATCTCCGGGGTCGGCCTGGTCAGCATCAGCGGCGGCCAGCGCCCGGCGGTGCGGGTGCGCGCCAACCCGACGGCGCTGGCGGCGGCGGGGCTGAGCCTGGAGGACCTGCGCAGCACGGTGACCAGCAACAACCTCAACGGCCCCAAGGGCAGCTTCGACGGCCCGACCCGTGCCTCGACCCTGGACGCCAACGACCAGTTGCGCTCGGCCGACGCCTACCGCGACCTGATCATCGCCTACAAGAACGGCTCGCCGCTGCGCATCCGCGACGTCGCCAGCGTCGAGGACGACGCCGAGAACGTGCGCCTGGCCGCCTGGGCCAACAACCTGCCGGCGGTGGTGCTGAACATCCAGCGCCAGCCGGGGGCCAACGTGATCGAGGTGGTCGACCGGATCAAGGCGCTGCTGCCGCAGCTGCAATCGACCCTGCCGGGCAATCTCGACGTGCAGGTGCTGACCGACCGCACCACCACCATCCGCGCCTCGGTCAAGGACGTGCAGTTCGAGCTGGCGCTGGCGGTGGCGCTGGTGGTGATGGTCACCTTCCTGTTCCTGCGCAACGTCTACGCCACCCTGATTCCCAGCTTCGCCGTGCCGCTGTCGCTGATCGGTACCTTCGGCGTGATGTACCTGTCCGGCTTCTCGATCAACAACCTGACCCTGATGGCGCTGACCATCGCCACCGGCTTCGTGGTCGACGACGCGATCGTCATGGTGGAGAACATCGCCCGCTACCTGGAGCAGGGCGACTCGCCGCTGGAAGCGGCGCTCAAGGGCTCGAAGCAGATCGGCTTCACCATCATCTCGCTGACTTTCTCGCTGATCGCCGTGCTGATCCCGCTGCTGTTCATGGGCGACGTCGCCGGGCGGCTGTTCCGCGAGTTCGCCATCACCCTGGCGGTGGCGATCCTGATTTCCGGCTTCGTCTCCCTGACCCTTACGCCGATGCTCAGCGCCAAGCTGCTGCGCCACATCGACGAGGACCAGCAGGGCCGCTTCGCGCGCGCCGCGGGGCGGGTCATCGATGGCCTGATCGCACAGTACGCCAAGGCCCTGCGGGTGGTCCTGCGGCACCAGCCGCTGACCCTGCTGGTGGCCATCGCCACCCTGGCGCTGACCGCGCTACTCTACCTGGCCATGCCCAAGGGCTTCTTCCCGGTGCAGGACACCGGGGTGATCCAGGGCGTCGCCGAAGCGCCGCAGTCGATCTCCTTCCAGGCCATGTCCGAGCGCCAGCGCGCCCTTGCCGAGGTGGTGCTGAAGGACCCGGCGGTGGCCAGCCTGTCCTCCTACATCGGCGTCGACGGCAGCAACCCGACCCTCAACACCGGCCGCCTGCTGATCAACCTCAAGCCGCACAGCGAGCGCGACGTCACCGCCAGCGAAGTGATCCAGCGCCTGCAGCCCGAACTCGACCACCTGCCCGGGATCAAGCTGTACATGCAGCCGGTGCAGGACCTGACCATCGAGGACCGGGTCGCCCGCACCCAGTACCAGTTCACCTTGCAGGACGCCGACCCGGACGTGCTCGCCGAGTGGGTGCCGAAGCTGGTGGCGCGGCTGCAGGAGTTGCCGCAGCTCGCCGACGTCGCCAGCGACTGGCAGGACAAGGGCTTGCAGGCCTACCTGAACATCGACCGCGACACCGCCTCGCGCCTCGGCGTGAAGCTCTCCGACATCGACAGCGTGCTCTACAACGCCTTCGGCCAGCGGCTGATCTCGACCATCTTCACCCAGGCCACCCAGTACCGCGTGGTGCTGGAGGTGGCGCCGCAGTTCCAGCTCGGCCCGCAGGCCCTGGAGCAGCTCTACGTGCCGTCCAGCGACGGCACCCAGGTGCGCCTGTCGAGCCTGGCGAAGGTGGAGGAGCGGCATACCCTGCTGGCGATCAACCATATCGCCCAGTTCCCCTCGGCGACCCTGTCGTTCAACCTGGCCAAGGGTTACTCCCTGGGCGAGGCGGTCGAGGCGATCCGTGGCGTCGAGGCCAGCCTGGAGCTGCCGCTGAGCATGCAGGGCAGCTTCCGCGGCGCGGCGCTGGCCTTCGAGGCCTCGCTGTCGAACACGCTGCTGCTGATCCTCGCCTCGGTGGTGACCATGTACATCGTCCTGGGCATCCTCTACGAGAGCTTCATCCATCCGGTGACCATCCTCTCGACCCTGCCCTCGGCCGGGGTCGGCGCGCTGCTGGCGCTGATGCTGGCGGGGCAGGAGATCGGCATCGTGGCGATCATCGGCATCATCCTGCTGATCGGCATCGTCAAGAAGAACGCGATCATGATGATCGATTTCGCCCTCGACGCCGAGCGCAACGAAGGCAAGCCGCCCCATGAGGCGATCTACCAGGCCTGCCTGCTGCGCTTCCGGCCGATCCTGATGACCACCATGGCCGCGCTGCTCGGCGCGCTGCCGCTGATGCTCGCCGGCGGCGCCGGCGCCGAGCTGCGCCAGCCGCTGGGCATCACCATGGTCGGTGGCCTGCTGCTGAGCCAGGTCCTGACCCTGTTCACCACCCCGGTGATCTATCTCTACTTCGACCGCCTGGCCCGTCGCTGGGCGGCCTGGCGCAAGCAGCGCGGGCTGGACCTGAACACCGAGGCCGGGTTCGACGGGGACGCCGGGCGATGA UPDATED fmax with 2854014 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 2850882 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG05915.1 UPDATED sequence with MNPSRPFILRPVATTLLMVAILLSGLIAYRFLPISALPEVDYPTIQVVTLYPGASPEIMTSSITAPLENQLGQIPGLNEMSSSSSGGASVITLQFSLQSNLDVAEQEVQAAINAAQSLLPNDLPNQPVFSKVNPADAPILTLAVMSDGMPLPQIQDLVDTRLAQKISQISGVGLVSISGGQRPAVRVRANPTALAAAGLSLEDLRSTVTSNNLNGPKGSFDGPTRASTLDANDQLRSADAYRDLIIAYKNGSPLRIRDVASVEDDAENVRLAAWANNLPAVVLNIQRQPGANVIEVVDRIKALLPQLQSTLPGNLDVQVLTDRTTTIRASVKDVQFELALAVALVVMVTFLFLRNVYATLIPSFAVPLSLIGTFGVMYLSGFSINNLTLMALTIATGFVVDDAIVMVENIARYLEQGDSPLEAALKGSKQIGFTIISLTFSLIAVLIPLLFMGDVAGRLFREFAITLAVAILISGFVSLTLTPMLSAKLLRHIDEDQQGRFARAAGRVIDGLIAQYAKALRVVLRHQPLTLLVAIATLALTALLYLAMPKGFFPVQDTGVIQGVAEAPQSISFQAMSERQRALAEVVLKDPAVASLSSYIGVDGSNPTLNTGRLLINLKPHSERDVTASEVIQRLQPELDHLPGIKLYMQPVQDLTIEDRVARTQYQFTLQDADPDVLAEWVPKLVARLQELPQLADVASDWQDKGLQAYLNIDRDTASRLGVKLSDIDSVLYNAFGQRLISTIFTQATQYRVVLEVAPQFQLGPQALEQLYVPSSDGTQVRLSSLAKVEERHTLLAINHIAQFPSATLSFNLAKGYSLGEAVEAIRGVEASLELPLSMQGSFRGAALAFEASLSNTLLLILASVVTMYIVLGILYESFIHPVTILSTLPSAGVGALLALMLAGQEIGIVAIIGIILLIGIVKKNAIMMIDFALDAERNEGKPPHEAIYQACLLRFRPILMTTMAALLGALPLMLAGGAGAELRQPLGITMVGGLLLSQVLTLFTTPVIYLYFDRLARRWAAWRKQRGLDLNTEAGFDGDAGR UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2656 UPDATE Escherichia coli emrE antibiotic efflux; small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tetracycline antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2655 UPDATE Pseudomonas aeruginosa emrE antibiotic efflux; small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tetracycline antibiotic; gentamicin C; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACCAACTATCTCTACCTCGCCATCGCCATCGCCGCCGAAGTGGTCGCCACCACCTCGCTGAAAGCCGTCGCCGGATTCAGCAAGCCACTGCCGCTGCTGCTGGTGGTGGGCGGCTACGTGCTCGCCTTCAGCATGCTCGTGCTGGTCATGCGCACCCTGCCGGTCGGCGTGGTCTACGCCATCTGGTCCGGACTCGGCATCGTCCTGGTCAGCCTGGTGGCGATGTTCGTCTACGGCCAGCGCCTGGACCCCGCCGCCCTCCTCGGCATCGGCCTGATCATCGCCGGCGTGCTGGTGATCCAGTTGTTCTCCCGCGCTTCGGGGCACTGA UPDATED fmax with 5606435 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 5606102 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG08375.1 UPDATED sequence with MTNYLYLAIAIAAEVVATTSLKAVAGFSKPLPLLLVVGGYVLAFSMLVLVMRTLPVGVVYAIWSGLGIVLVSLVAMFVYGQRLDPAALLGIGLIIAGVLVIQLFSRASGH UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. " 2348 UPDATE ADC-18 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGCTTACTTTTACCGCCTCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGAACAAGAAGTTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAGCCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCTGGTATGGCCGTGGGGGTCATTCAAAATAATAAAAAATATGAAATATATTATGGCCTACAATCCGTTCAGGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCGGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCTACAGCTGGTGGATATGCAAAAGCAAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGATGACACACCCGGAAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAATCTTCTTCAACTTGCGACGTATACAAGTGGCAATCTCGCCTTACAATTTCCAGATGAAGTTCAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGATTGGAAAACTAAAAACGCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTGGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTTGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCACCTCTCCATTTAAAAAATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCCAAAACTCAAATGCAAAATTATGCATATGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATCCGAGTTAACCCTGGCCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACACTACCAGATATGCTGACTTTTATTAATGCCAACCTCAACCCACAGAAATATCCGAAAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAGTGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGTACGATGTATCAAGCATTGGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCACCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAGCAAATCGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCCAAAGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGCTCAACAAATGGCTTTGGATCTTATGTGGTGTTTATTCCAAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAACGCATTAAGGCAGCGTATGCAGTATTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283523.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95243.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLPPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKEQEVKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEIYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKAKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKTKNAIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPPLHLKNSYVNVPKTQMQNYAYGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLTFINANLNPQKYPKDIQRAISETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMFHKTGSTNGFGSYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 2428 UPDATE farA linoleic acid; fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; palmitic acid; oleic acid; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGATACGCACACGGACGAAACAAAACTTCAAAACACGCAAGCCAAACGCAAACGCCGCCTGACGGCATTGACGCTGCTGTTCGCGCTTGCCGCCGCAGCCGCCGGGTCGGCGTTTTTTTTATGGTGGCAGCACGAAGAGGAAACGGAAGACGCTTATGTTGCCGGACGCGTGGTTCAGGTTACGCCGCAAAAGGGCGGTACGGTGCGGAAGGTTTTGCACGACGATACGGATGCCGTGAAAAAAGGCGACGTGCTGGCGGTATTGGACGACGATAATGATGTGCTGGCTTACGAGCGGGCAAAAAACGAGCTGGTTCAGGCGGTGCGGCAAAACCGCCGGCAAAATGCCGCCACTTCGCAGGCGGGGGCGCAGGTTGCCTTGCGCCGGGCGGATTTGGCACGCGCACAGGATGATTTGCGCCGCCGGTCTGCTTTGGCGGAATCGGGCGCGGTGTCCGCCGAAGAGCTGGCACACGCCCGTGCGGCAGTGTCTCAGGCGCAGGCGGCGGTCAAAGCGGCTTTGGCGGAAGAATCTTCGGCACGTGCGGCTTTGGGCGGTCAGGTTTCTTTGCGCGAACAGCCGGCGGTTCAGACGGCAATCGGCAGGTTGAAAGATGCGTGGTTGAACCTTCAGCGGACGCAAATCCGCGCGCCGGCGGACGGTCAGGTGGCGAAGCGTTCGGTGCAGGTCGGGCAGCAGGTGGCGGCAGGCGCGCCGCTGATGGCGGTGGTGCCGCTGTCGGATGTGTGGGTGGATGCTAATTTTAAAGAGACGCAGTTGCGGCATATGAAAATCGGACAGCCTGCCGAGCTGGTGTCCGATTTGTACGGCAAACAAATTGTTTATCGCGGCAGGGTGGCAGGTTTTTCGGCAGGTACGGGCAGCGCGTTTTCGCTGATTCCGGCGCAAAACGCAACGGGCAACTGGATTAAAGTGGTGCAGCGCGTCCCCGTCCGTATCGTGCTGAACCGCGAAGATGTGGACAGGCATCCGTTGCGTATCGGTTTGTCGATGACGGTTAAAGTGGATACTTCCGCCGCAGGCGCGCCTGTTTCAAAAACGCCGGGTGCGGCATTGCCGGAAATGGAAAGTACCGACTGGTCGGAAGTCGATCGGACGGTCGATGAAATCCTCGGGCAATCCGCGCCCTGA UPDATED fmax with 330767 UPDATED accession with AE002098.2 UPDATED fmin with 329612 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria meningitidis MC58 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 122586 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39597 UPDATED accession with AAF40763.1 UPDATED sequence with MDTHTDETKLQNTQAKRKRRLTALTLLFALAAAAAGSAFFLWWQHEEETEDAYVAGRVVQVTPQKGGTVRKVLHDDTDAVKKGDVLAVLDDDNDVLAYERAKNELVQAVRQNRRQNAATSQAGAQVALRRADLARAQDDLRRRSALAESGAVSAEELAHARAAVSQAQAAVKAALAEESSARAALGGQVSLREQPAVQTAIGRLKDAWLNLQRTQIRAPADGQVAKRSVQVGQQVAAGAPLMAVVPLSDVWVDANFKETQLRHMKIGQPAELVSDLYGKQIVYRGRVAGFSAGTGSAFSLIPAQNATGNWIKVVQRVPVRIVLNREDVDRHPLRIGLSMTVKVDTSAAGAPVSKTPGAALPEMESTDWSEVDRTVDEILGQSAP UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 138 UPDATE Streptomyces lividans cmlR fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 27 UPDATE lnuA antibiotic inactivation; lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (LNU); lincosamide antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAAATAATAATGTAACAGAAAAAGAATTATTTTATATTTTAGATTTATTTGAACACATGAAAGTAACTTATTGGTTAGATGGTGGCTGGGGGGTAGATGTATTAACTGGAAAACAACAAAGAGAACACAGAGATATAGATATAGATTTTGACGCTCAACACACTCAAAAAGTTATACAAAAATTAGAAGATATAGGATACAAAATAGAAGTTCATTGGATGCCTTCACGTATGGAACTTAAGCATGAAGAATATGGGTATTTAGATATTCATCCTATAAATCTAAATGATGATGGATCAATTACCCAAGCAAACCCAGAAGGTGGTAATTATGTTTTCCAAAATGACTGGTTTTCAGAAACTAATTACAAAGATCGAAAAATACCATGTATTTCAAAAGAAGCTCAACTTCTTTTTCATTCTGGTTATGATTTAACAGAAACAGACCATTTTGATATAAAAAATTTAAAATCAATAACATAA UPDATED fmax with 898 UPDATED accession with M14039.1 UPDATED fmin with 412 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus haemolyticus UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1283 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36827 UPDATED accession with AAA26652.1 UPDATED sequence with MKNNNVTEKELFYILDLFEHMKVTYWLDGGWGVDVLTGKQQREHRDIDIDFDAQHTQKVIQKLEDIGYKIEVHWMPSRMELKHEEYGYLDIHPINLNDDGSITQANPEGGNYVFQNDWFSETNYKDRKIPCISKEAQLLFHSGYDLTETDHFDIKNLKSIT " 1835 UPDATE tet(38) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2351 UPDATE ADC-21 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAATTTTAAACCTTTATTAGATAAATATGATGTGCCGGGTATGGCCGTGGGTGTTATTCAGAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTACAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAGTAGCAGTACCATTTTTGAACTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCAACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTCCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGAAACTTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTTGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCAGATCTGGGATTAAAACATAGTTATGTAAATGTGCCTAAAACTCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAATCAAGAAAATCAGCCAATTCGTGTTAACCCCGGTCCGCTAGATGCTCCAGCATACGGCGTTAAATCGACCCTACCTGATATGCTGAGTTTCATTAATGCCAATATAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGTGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGTTTCTATCAAGTCGGCACCATGTATCAGGCACTTGGTTGGGAAGAATTTTCTTATCCAGCGCCTTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAAATTGTGATGAAGCCTAATAAAGTGACTGCCATTTCCAAAGAACCTTCAATTAAGATGTTCCACAAAACTGGTTCGACTAACGGTTTTGGAACATATGTCGTGTTCATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTGACCAATAAACGTATTCCGAATGAAGAACGCATTAAAGCAGCTTATGCTGTGTTAAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1152 UPDATED accession with AM283520.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter pittii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 48296 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36787 UPDATED accession with CAK95240.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLDKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVSSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWKLKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPDLGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGVKSTLPDMLSFINANINPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVGTMYQALGWEEFSYPAPLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSIKMFHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 29 UPDATE Escherichia coli folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides sulfadiazine; sulfadoxine; sulfacetamide; sulfadimidine; mafenide; sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase folP; sulfisoxazole; antibiotic target alteration; sulfone antibiotic; sulfamethizole; sulfasalazine; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfamethoxazole; dapsone; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAACTCTTTGCCCAGGGTACTTCACTGGACCTTAGCCATCCTCACGTAATGGGGATCCTCAACGTCACGCCTGATTCCTTTTCGGATGGTGGCACGCATAACTCGCTGATAGATGCGGTGAAACATGCGAATCTGATGATCAACGCTGGCGCGACGATCATTGACGTTGGTGGCGAGTCCACGCGCCCAGGGGCGGCGGAAGTTAGCGTTGAAGAAGAGTTGCAACGTGTTATTCCTGTGGTTGAGGCAATTGCTCAACGCTTCGAAGTCTGGATCTCAGTCGATACATCCAAACCAGAAGTCATCCGTGAGTCAGCGAAAGTTGGCGCTCACATTATTAATGATATCCGCTCCCTTTCCGAACCTGGCGCTCTGGAGGCGGCTGCAGAAACCGGTTTACCGGTTTGTCTGATGCATATGCAGGGAAATCCAAAAACCATGCAGGAAGCTCCGAAGTATGACGATGTCTTTGCAGAAGTGAATCGCTACTTTATTGAGCAAATAGCACGTTGCGAGCAGGCGGGTATCGCAAAAGAGAAATTGTTGCTCGACCCCGGATTCGGTTTCGGTAAAAATCTCTCCCATAACTATTCATTACTGGCGCGCCTGGCTGAATTTCACCATTTCAACCTGCCGCTGTTGGTGGGTATGTCACGAAAATCGATGATTGGGCAGCTGCTGAACGTGGGGCCGTCCGAGCGCCTGAGCGGTAGTCTGGCCTGTGCGGTCATTGCCGCAATGCAAGGCGCGCACATCATTCGTGTTCATGACGTCAAAGAAACCGTAGAAGCGATGCGGGTGGTGGAAGCCACTCTGTCTGCAAAGGAAAACAAACGCTATGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 3324911 UPDATED accession with U00096.3 UPDATED fmin with 3324062 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 511145 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36849 UPDATED accession with AAC76209.2 UPDATED sequence with MKLFAQGTSLDLSHPHVMGILNVTPDSFSDGGTHNSLIDAVKHANLMINAGATIIDVGGESTRPGAAEVSVEEELQRVIPVVEAIAQRFEVWISVDTSKPEVIRESAKVGAHIINDIRSLSEPGALEAAAETGLPVCLMHMQGNPKTMQEAPKYDDVFAEVNRYFIEQIARCEQAGIAKEKLLLDPGFGFGKNLSHNYSLLARLAEFHHFNLPLLVGMSRKSMIGQLLNVGPSERLSGSLACAVIAAMQGAHIIRVHDVKETVEAMRVVEATLSAKENKRYE " 2406 UPDATE rpsJ tetracycline antibiotic; tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGCAAACCAAAAAATCCGTATCCGCCTGAAAGCTTATGATTACGCCCTGATTGACCGTTCTGCACAAGAAATCGTTGAAACTGCAAAACGTACCGGTGCTGTTGTAAAAGGCCCGATTCCTTTGCCGACCAAAATCGAGCGTTTCAACATTTTGCGTTCTCCGCACGTGAACAAAACTTCCCGTGAACAATTGGAAATCCGCACCCATTTGCGCCTGATGGACATCGTGGATTGGACCGATAAAACTACCGATGCGCTGATGAAGCTGGATTTGCCGGCCGGTGTTGATGTAGAAATTAAAGTCCAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1807670 UPDATED accession with AE004969.1 UPDATED fmin with 1807358 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 242231 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40638 UPDATED accession with AAW90462.1 UPDATED sequence with MANQKIRIRLKAYDYALIDRSAQEIVETAKRTGAVVKGPIPLPTKIERFNILRSPHVNKTSREQLEIRTHLRLMDIVDWTDKTTDALMKLDLPAGVDVEIKVQ " 2155 UPDATE Propionibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; streptomycin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; butirosin; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; bleomycin A2; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; 16S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline derivatives; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Tetracycline binds tightly to the helix 34 domain in 16S rRNA, where it interferes sterically with the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome A site to block protein synthesis. Mutations in the nucleotide sequence in this domain for Cutibacterium acnes can result in resistance against tetracycline. UPDATED ARO_name with Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Cutibacterium acnes UPDATED model_name with Cutibacterium acnes 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to tetracycline UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2404 UPDATE Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones antibiotic target alteration; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; nybomycin; fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACCGACGCAACCATCCGCCACGACCACAAATTCGCCCTCGAAACCCTGCCCGTCAGCCTTGAAGACGAAATGCGCAAAAGCTATCTCGACTACGCCATGAGCGTCATTGTCGGGCGCGCGCTGCCGGACGTTCGCGACGGCCTAAAGCCGGTGCACCGGCGCGTACTGTACGCGATGCACGAGCTGAAAAATAACTGGAATGCCGCCTACAAAAAATCGGCGCGCATCGTCGGCGACGTCATCGGTAAATACCACCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTTTACGACACCATCGTCCGTATGGCGCAAAATTTCGCTATGCGTTATGTGCTGATAGACGGACAGGGCAACTTCGGATCGGTGGACGGGCTTGCCGCCGCAGCCATGCGCTATACCGAAATCCGCATGGCGAAAATCTCACATGAAATGCTGGCAGACATTGAGGAAGAAACCGTTAATTTCGGCCCGAACTACGACGGTAGCGAACACGAGCCGCTTGTACTGCCGACCCGTTTCCCCACACTGCTCGTCAACGGCTCGTCCGGTATCGCCGTCGGTATGGCGACCAACATCCCGCCGCACAACCTCACCGACACCATCAACGCCTGTCTGCGTCTTTTGGACGAACCCAAAACCGAAATCGACGAACTGATCGACATTATCCAAGCCCCCGACTTCCCGACCGGGGCAACCATCTACGGCTTGGGCGGCGTGCGCGAAGGCTATAAAACAGGCCGCGGCCGCGTCGTTATACGCGGTAAGACCCATATCGAACCCATAGGCAAAAACGGCGAACGCGAAGCCATCGTTATCGACGAAATCCCCTATCAGGTCAACAAAGCCAAGTTGGTCGAGAAAATCGGCGATTTGGTTCGGGAAAAAACGCTGGAAGGCATTTCCGAGCTCCGCGACGAATCCGACAAATCCGGGATGCGCGTCGTTATCGAGCTGAAACGCAACGAAAATGCCGAAGTCGTCTTAAACCAACTCTACAAACTGACTCCGCTGCAAGACAGTTTCGGCATCAATATGGTTGTTTTGGTCGACGGACAACCGCGCCTGTTAAACCTGAAACAGATTCTCTCCGAATTCCTGCGCCACCGCCGCGAAGTCGTTACCCGACGTACGCTTTTCCGGCTGAAGAAGGCACGCCATGAAGGGCATATCGCCGAAGGCAAAGCCGTCGCACTGTCCAATATCGATGAAATCATCAAGCTCATCAAAGAATCGCCCAACGCGGCCGAGGCCAAAGAAAAACTGCTTGCGCGCCCTTGGCGCAGCAGCCTCGTTGAAGAAATGCTGACGCGTTCCGGTCTGGATTTGGAAATGATGCGTCCGGAAGGATTGGCTGCAAACATTGGTCTGAAAAAACAAGGTTATTACCTGAGCGAGATTCAGGCAGATGCTATTTTACGCATGAGCCTGCGAAACCTGACCGGCCTCGATCAGAAAGAAATTATCGAAAGCTACAAAAACCTGATGGGTAAAATCATCGACTTTGTGGATATCCTCTCCAAACCCGAACGCATTACCCAAATCATCCGTGACGAACTGGAAGAAATCAAAACCAACTATGGCGACGAACGCCGCAGCGAAATCAACCCGTTCGGCGGCGACATTGCCGATGAAGACCTGATTCCGCAACGCGAAATGGTCGTGACCCTGACCCACGGCGGCTATATAAAAACCCAGCCGACCACCGACTATCAGGCTCAGCGTCGCGGCGGGCGCGGCAAACAGGCGGCTGCCACCAAAGACGAAGACTTTATCGAAACCCTGTTTGTTGCCAACACGCATGACTATTTGATGTGTTTTACCAACCTCGGCAAGTGCCACTGGATTAAGGTTTACAAACTGCCCGAAGGCGGACGCAACAGCCGCGGCCGTCCGATTAACAACGTCATCCAGCTGGAAGAAGGCGAAAAAGTCAGCGCGATTCTGGCAGTACGCGAGTTTCCCGAAGACCAATACGTCTTCTTCGCCACCGCGCAGGGAATGGTGAAAAAAGTCCAACTTTCCGCCTTTAAAAACGTCCGCGCCCAAGGCATTAAAGCCATCGCACTCAAAGAAGGCGACTACCTCGTCGGCGCTGCGCAAACAGGCGGTGCGGACGACATTATGTTGTTCTCCAACTTGGGCAAAGCCATCCGCTTCAACGAATACTGGGAAAAATCCGGCAACGACGAAGCGGAAGATGCCGACATCGAAACCGAGATTTCAGACGACCTCGAAGACGAAACCGCCGACAACGAAAACACCCTGCCAAGCGGCAAAAACGGCGTGCGTCCGTCCGGTCGCGGCAGCGGCGGTTTGCGCGGTATGCGCCTGCCTGCCGACGGCAAAATCGTCAGCCTGATTACCTTCGCCCCTGAAACCGAAGAAAGCGGTTTGCAAGTTTTAACCGCCACCGCCAACGGATACGGAAAACGCACCCCGATTGCCGATTACAGCCGCAAAAACAAAGGCGGGCAAGGCAGTATTGCCATTAACACCGGCGAGCGCAACGGCGATTTGGTCGCCGCAACCTTGGTCGGCGAAACCGACGATTTGATGCTGATTACCAGCGGCGGCGTGCTTATCCGTACCAAAGTCGAACAAATCCGCGAAACCGGCCGCGCCGCAGCAGGCGTGAAACTGATTAACTTGGACGAAGGCGAAACCTTGGTATCGCTGGAACGTGTTGCCGAAGACGAATCCGAACTCTCCGGCGCTTCTGTAATTTCCAATGTAACCGAACCGGAAGCCGAGAACTGA UPDATED fmax with 621189 UPDATED accession with AE004969.1 UPDATED fmin with 618438 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 242231 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40638 UPDATED accession with AAW89357.1 UPDATED sequence with MTDATIRHDHKFALETLPVSLEDEMRKSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMHELKNNWNAAYKKSARIVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQNFAMRYVLIDGQGNFGSVDGLAAAAMRYTEIRMAKISHEMLADIEEETVNFGPNYDGSEHEPLVLPTRFPTLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTDTINACLRLLDEPKTEIDELIDIIQAPDFPTGATIYGLGGVREGYKTGRGRVVIRGKTHIEPIGKNGEREAIVIDEIPYQVNKAKLVEKIGDLVREKTLEGISELRDESDKSGMRVVIELKRNENAEVVLNQLYKLTPLQDSFGINMVVLVDGQPRLLNLKQILSEFLRHRREVVTRRTLFRLKKARHEGHIAEGKAVALSNIDEIIKLIKESPNAAEAKEKLLARPWRSSLVEEMLTRSGLDLEMMRPEGLAANIGLKKQGYYLSEIQADAILRMSLRNLTGLDQKEIIESYKNLMGKIIDFVDILSKPERITQIIRDELEEIKTNYGDERRSEINPFGGDIADEDLIPQREMVVTLTHGGYIKTQPTTDYQAQRRGGRGKQAAATKDEDFIETLFVANTHDYLMCFTNLGKCHWIKVYKLPEGGRNSRGRPINNVIQLEEGEKVSAILAVREFPEDQYVFFATAQGMVKKVQLSAFKNVRAQGIKAIALKEGDYLVGAAQTGGADDIMLFSNLGKAIRFNEYWEKSGNDEAEDADIETEISDDLEDETADNENTLPSGKNGVRPSGRGSGGLRGMRLPADGKIVSLITFAPETEESGLQVLTATANGYGKRTPIADYSRKNKGGQGSIAINTGERNGDLVAATLVGETDDLMLITSGGVLIRTKVEQIRETGRAAAGVKLINLDEGETLVSLERVAEDESELSGASVISNVTEPEAEN " 2405 UPDATE Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone ofloxacin; norfloxacin; levofloxacin; fluoroquinolone resistant parC; antibiotic target alteration; ciprofloxacin; pefloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAATACGCAACCGCACGCTTCCCATACCGATTCCAACACGCTGATGCTCGGCCGATACGCCGAACGCGCCTATCTCGAATACGCCATGAGCGTGGTCAAAGGCCGCGCGCTGCCTGAAGTTTCAGACGGCCAAAAGCCCGTGCAGCGGCGCATTTTGTTTGCCATGCGCGATATGGGTTTGACGGCGGGGGCGAAGCCGGTGAAATCGGCGCGCGTGGTCGGCGAGATTTTGGGTAAATACCATCCGCACGGCGACAGTTCCGCCTATGAGGCGATGGTGCGCATGGCTCAGGATTTTACCTTGCGCTACCCCTTAATCGACGGCATCGGCAACTTCGGTTCGCGCGACGGCGACGGGGCGGCGGCGATGCGTTACACCGAAGCGCGGCTGACGCCGATTGCGGAATTGCTGTTGTCCGAAATCAATCAGGGGACGGTGGATTTTATGCCGAACTACGACGGCGCGTTTGACGAGCCGCTGCACCTTCCCGCCCGCTTGCCTATGGTGTTGCTCAACGGCGCGTCGGGCATCGCGGTGGGTATGGCGACCGAGATTCCGTCGCACAATTTGAACGAAGTCACGCAGGCGGCGATTGCACTGTTGAAGAAACCGACGCTGGAAACCGCCGACCTGATGCAATATATTCCTGCTCCCGATTTTGCCGGCGGCGGTCAAATCATCACGCCGGCGGACGAATTGCGCCGTATTTACGAAACCGGCAAGGGCAGCGTGCGCGTGCGTGCGCGTTATGAAATCGAGAAATTGGCGCGCGGACAGTGGCGCGTCATCGTAACCGAACTGCCGCCGAACGCCAACTCCGCCAAAATCCTTGCCGAAATCGAAGAGCAAACCAACCCGAAACCGAAAGCGGGTAAAAAGCAGCTCAACCAAGACCGGCTCAATACCAAAAAGCTGATGCTGGATTTAATCGACCGCGTGCGCGACGAGTCCGACGGCGAACATCCCGTGCGCCTTGTATTTGAACCGAAATCCAGCCGCATCGATACCGATACCTTCATCAACACGCTGATGGCGCAAACTTCGCTGGAAGGCAATGTGTCCATGAACTTGGTGATGATGGGTTTGGACAACCGCCCCGCGCAGAAAAACCTGAAAACGATTTTGCAGGAATGGCTGGATTTCCGCGTCGTTACCGTAACACGCCGTCTGAAATTCCGTTTAAACCAAGTGGAAAAACGGCTGCACATCCTCGAAGGCCGTCTGAAAGTCTTTCTGCACATCGACGAAGTGATTAAAGTCATCCGCGAATCGGACGACCCGAAAGCCGATTTGATGGCGGTGTTCGGGCTGACCGAAATCCAAGCCGAAGACATTTTGGAAATCCGCCTGCGTCAGCTGGCGCGTTTGGAAGGTTTCAAACTCGAAAAAGAATTGAACGAATTGCGCGAAGAACAAGGCCGTCTGAATATCTTTTTGGGCGACGAAAACGAAAAACGCAAGCTGATTATCAAAGAGATGCAGGCGGACATGAAGCAGTTCGGCGACGCGCGCCGCACGCTGGTGGAAGAGGCCGGACGCGCCGTGCTGACACAAACCGCCGCCGACGAACCCATCACGCTGATTTTGTCGGAAAAAGGCTGGATACGCAGCCGTGCCGGACATAATCTCGATTTGAGCCAAACCGCGTTCAAAGAAGGCGACCGCCTCAAACAAACCCTTGAAGGCCGCACTGTTTTACCCGTCGTCATCCTCGATTCATCGGGCAGAACCTACTCGATCGATGCCGCCGAAATCCCCGGCGGACGCGGCGACGGCGTACCGGTTTCCTCCTTAATCGAGTTGCAAAACGGCGCGAAACCCGTCGCGATGTTGACAGGATTGCCGGAACAACATTATTTATTATCAAGCAGCGGCGGCTACGGCTTTATCGCCAAGCTGGGCGATATGGTCGGACGCGTGAAAGCGGGCAAAGTGGTGATGACCGCAGACAGCGGCGAAACCGTCCTGCCGCCGGTTGCCGTCTATGCCTCCTCGTTCATCAACCCCGACTGCAAAATCATTGCAGCCACCAGTCAAAACCGCGCCCTCGCCTTCCCCATCGGCGAATTGAAAATTATGGCGAAAGGCAAAGGACTGCAAATCATCGGATTAAACGCCGGCGAATCGATGACGCATACCGCCGTTTCTTCCGAGCCGGAAATCCTGATTGAAAGCGAAGGCAGGCGCGGCGCGGCGCACAAAGACCGCCTCCCCGTCGCCCTGATTGAGGCAAAACGCGGCAAAAAAGGCAGACTGTTGCCCATATCGGGCAGCCTGAAACAGCTTTCTTCCCCCAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1212827 UPDATED accession with AE004969.1 UPDATED fmin with 1210523 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 242231 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40638 UPDATED accession with AAW89918.1 UPDATED sequence with MNTQPHASHTDSNTLMLGRYAERAYLEYAMSVVKGRALPEVSDGQKPVQRRILFAMRDMGLTAGAKPVKSARVVGEILGKYHPHGDSSAYEAMVRMAQDFTLRYPLIDGIGNFGSRDGDGAAAMRYTEARLTPIAELLLSEINQGTVDFMPNYDGAFDEPLHLPARLPMVLLNGASGIAVGMATEIPSHNLNEVTQAAIALLKKPTLETADLMQYIPAPDFAGGGQIITPADELRRIYETGKGSVRVRARYEIEKLARGQWRVIVTELPPNANSAKILAEIEEQTNPKPKAGKKQLNQDRLNTKKLMLDLIDRVRDESDGEHPVRLVFEPKSSRIDTDTFINTLMAQTSLEGNVSMNLVMMGLDNRPAQKNLKTILQEWLDFRVVTVTRRLKFRLNQVEKRLHILEGRLKVFLHIDEVIKVIRESDDPKADLMAVFGLTEIQAEDILEIRLRQLARLEGFKLEKELNELREEQGRLNIFLGDENEKRKLIIKEMQADMKQFGDARRTLVEEAGRAVLTQTAADEPITLILSEKGWIRSRAGHNLDLSQTAFKEGDRLKQTLEGRTVLPVVILDSSGRTYSIDAAEIPGGRGDGVPVSSLIELQNGAKPVAMLTGLPEQHYLLSSSGGYGFIAKLGDMVGRVKAGKVVMTADSGETVLPPVAVYASSFINPDCKIIAATSQNRALAFPIGELKIMAKGKGLQIIGLNAGESMTHTAVSSEPEILIESEGRRGAAHKDRLPVALIEAKRGKKGRLLPISGSLKQLSSPK " 2403 UPDATE Salmonella enterica gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones nybomycin; nalidixic acid; fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA; ciprofloxacin; antibiotic target alteration; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCGACCTTGCGAGAGAAATTACACCGGTCAACATTGAGGAGGAGCTGAAGAGCTCCTATCTGGATTATGCGATGTCGGTCATTGTTGGCCGTGCGCTGCCGGATGTCCGAGATGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACACCGTCGCGTACTTTACGCCATGAACGTATTGGGCAATGACTGGAACAAAGCCTATAAAAAATCTGCCCGTGTCGTTGGTGACGTAATCGGTAAATACCATCCCCACGGCGATTCCGCAGTGTATGACACCATCGTTCGTATGGCGCAGCCATTCTCGCTGCGTTACATGCTGGTGGATGGTCAGGGTAACTTCGGTTCTATTGACGGCGACTCCGCGGCGGCAATGCGTTATACGGAGATCCGTCTGGCGAAAATCGCCCACGAACTGATGGCCGATCTCGAAAAAGAGACGGTGGATTTCGTGGATAACTATGACGGTACGGAAAAAATTCCGGACGTCATGCCGACCAAAATTCCGAATCTGCTGGTGAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATCGCAGTAGGTATGGCGACGAATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGACGGAAGTGATTAACGGCTGCCTGGCGTATATCGACAACGAAGACATCAGCATTGAAGGGCTGATGGAACATATTCCGGGGCCGGACTTCCCGACCGCCGCGATCATCAACGGTCGTCGTGGTATCGAAGAAGCCTACCGCACCGGTCGTGGCAAAGTGTACATTCGCGCCCGCGCGGAAGTTGAAGCTGACGCCAAAACGGGCCGTGAAACCATCATCGTCCATGAAATTCCCTATCAGGTGAACAAAGCGCGCCTGATCGAGAAAATCGCCGAGCTGGTGAAAGATAAACGCGTGGAAGGCATCAGCGCGCTGCGTGACGAATCCGACAAAGACGGGATGCGCATCGTGATTGAAGTGAAACGCGATGCGGTGGGCGAGGTGGTGCTTAATAATCTCTACTCCCAGACCCAGCTACAGGTTTCCTTCGGTATTAACATGGTGGCGCTGCATCACGGCCAGCCGAAGATCATGAACCTGAAAGATATCATTTCAGCGTTCGTGCGCCACCGCCGTGAAGTGGTGACGCGTCGGACTATTTTTGAACTGCGTAAAGCCCGTGACCGTGCGCATATCCTTGAAGCTCTGGCGATTGCGCTGGCCAACATCGACCCGATTATCGAACTGATTCGCCGCGCGCCAACGCCGGCGGAAGCAAAAGCGGCGCTGATTTCGCGTCCGTGGGATCTGGGCAACGTTGCTGCGATGCTGGAGCGCGCTGGTGATGACGCCGCGCGTCCGGAATGGCTGGAGCCAGAATTTGGCGTGCGTGACGGTCAGTACTACCTGACTGAACAGCAGGCGCAGGCGATTCTGGATCTGCGTTTGCAGAAACTGACCGGCCTGGAGCATGAAAAACTGCTCGACGAATACAAAGAGCTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGAATTGCTGCACATTCTGGGCAGCGCCGATCGCCTGATGGAAGTGATCCGCGAAGAGATGGAGTTAATTCGCGATCAGTTCGGCGATGAGCGTCGTACCGAAATCACCGCCAACAGCGCCGATATTAATATCGAAGATCTGATTAGCCAGGAAGATGTTGTCGTGACGCTGTCTCACCAGGGTTACGTCAAATATCAACCGCTGACAGATTACGAAGCGCAACGTCGTGGTGGGAAAGGTAAATCTGCCGCGCGTATTAAAGAAGAAGACTTTATCGACCGCCTGCTGGTGGCTAACACCCATGACACCATCCTCTGCTTCTCCAGCCGGGGCCGTCTGTACTGGATGAAGGTCTATCAGCTGCCGGAAGCCAGCCGCGGCGCGCGCGGTCGTCCGATCGTCAACCTGCTGCCGCTGGAAGCCAACGAACGTATCACCGCGATTCTGCCGGTTCGTGAGTATGAAGAAGGCGTCAACGTCTTTATGGCGACCGCCAGCGGTACCGTGAAGAAAACGGCGCTGACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCGCGTTCCGCCGGTATTATCGCGGTGAACCTCAACGACGGCGACGAGCTGATTGGCGTTGACCTGACTTCTGGTTCTGACGAAGTCATGCTGTTCTCGGCCGCGGGTAAAGTGGTGCGCTTCAAAGAAGACGCCGTCCGTGCGATGGGGCGTACCGCGACCGGTGTGCGCGGTATTAAGCTGGCGGGAGACGATAAAGTCGTCTCTCTGATCATCCCACGCGGCGAAGGCGCTATTCTGACCGTAACGCAAAACGGCTACGGGAAGCGTACCGCAGCGGACGAGTACCCGACCAAGTCTCGTGCGACGCAGGGCGTTATCTCTATCAAAGTGACCGAGCGCAACGGTTCCGTTGTCGGTGCGGTACAGGTAGACGATTGCGACCAGATCATGATGATCACGGATGCCGGTACTCTGGTGCGTACCCGTGTGTCCGAGATCAGCGTAGTGGGACGTAATACCCAGGGCGTTATCCTTATCCGCACGGCGGAAGATGAAAACGTGGTGGGTCTGCAACGCGTTGCTGAACCGGTAGATGACGAAGAACTCGACGCTATCGACGGCAGCGTGGCGGAAGGGGATGAGGATATCGCCCCGGAAGCGGAAAGCGATGACGACGTTGCGGATGACGCTGACGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 2376346 UPDATED accession with AE006468.2 UPDATED fmin with 2373709 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 99287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35734 UPDATED accession with AAL21173.1 UPDATED sequence with MSDLAREITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMNVLGNDWNKAYKKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDSAAAMRYTEIRLAKIAHELMADLEKETVDFVDNYDGTEKIPDVMPTKIPNLLVNGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLTEVINGCLAYIDNEDISIEGLMEHIPGPDFPTAAIINGRRGIEEAYRTGRGKVYIRARAEVEADAKTGRETIIVHEIPYQVNKARLIEKIAELVKDKRVEGISALRDESDKDGMRIVIEVKRDAVGEVVLNNLYSQTQLQVSFGINMVALHHGQPKIMNLKDIISAFVRHRREVVTRRTIFELRKARDRAHILEALAIALANIDPIIELIRRAPTPAEAKAALISRPWDLGNVAAMLERAGDDAARPEWLEPEFGVRDGQYYLTEQQAQAILDLRLQKLTGLEHEKLLDEYKELLEQIAELLHILGSADRLMEVIREEMELIRDQFGDERRTEITANSADINIEDLISQEDVVVTLSHQGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSAARIKEEDFIDRLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWMKVYQLPEASRGARGRPIVNLLPLEANERITAILPVREYEEGVNVFMATASGTVKKTALTEFSRPRSAGIIAVNLNDGDELIGVDLTSGSDEVMLFSAAGKVVRFKEDAVRAMGRTATGVRGIKLAGDDKVVSLIIPRGEGAILTVTQNGYGKRTAADEYPTKSRATQGVISIKVTERNGSVVGAVQVDDCDQIMMITDAGTLVRTRVSEISVVGRNTQGVILIRTAEDENVVGLQRVAEPVDDEELDAIDGSVAEGDEDIAPEAESDDDVADDADE " 2400 UPDATE oqxB tetracycline antibiotic; nitrofurantoin; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; antibacterial free fatty acids; ciprofloxacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; nitrofuran antibiotic; tigecycline; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGACTTTTCCCGCTTTTTTATCGACAGGCCGATTTTCGCCGCGGTGCTGTCGATTTTAATTTTTATCACCGGGTTAATCGCTATCCCACTGCTGCCGGTGAGCGAATATCCGGATGTCGTCCCGCCGAGCGTCCAGGTGCGCGCGGAGTATCCCGGCGCCAACCCGAAAGTGATTGCCGAGACCGTGGCGACGCCGCTGGAGGAAGCGATCAACGGCGTTGAAAACATGATGTACATGAAATCGGTCGCCGGCTCCGACGGCGTGCTGGTCACCACCGTCACCTTCCGCCCGGGTACCGACCCGGATCAGGCGCAGGTTCAGGTGCAGAACCGCGTCGCGCAGGCCGAAGCGCGTCTGCCGGAGGATGTACGCCGTCTGGGGATCACCACCCAGAAGCAGTCTCCGACGCTGACCCTGGTGGTGCATCTGTTCTCCCCCGGCGGGAAGTACGACTCGCTGTATATGCGCAACTACGCCACGCTGAAAGTGAAGGATGAGCTGGCGCGCCTGCCCGGCGTCGGCCAGATCCAGATTTTTGGCTCCGGTGAATATGCGATGCGCGTCTGGCTGGATCCCAATAAGGTCGCTGCCCGCGGTCTGACGGCCTCGGATGTGGTGACGGCGATGCAGGAGCAAAACGTCCAGGTGTCTGCCGGACAGCTTGGCGCCGAGCCGCTGCCGCAGGAGAGCGATTTCCTGATCTCCATTAACGCCCAGGGCCGTCTGCATACCGAAGAAGAGTTTGGCAATATCATTCTGAAAACGGCGCAGGATGGCTCGCTGGTCCGCCTGCGCGACGTGGCGCGCATCGAGATGGGTTCCGGTAGCTATGCGCTGCGCTCCCAGCTCAACAATAAGGATGCGGTCGGGATCGGTATCTTCCAGTCACCCGGCGCTAACGCCATCGATCTGTCGAACGCGGTACGCGCCAAAATGGCCGAGCTGGCCACCCGCTTCCCGGAAGATATGCAATGGGCGGCGCCGTACGACCCGACGGTTTTCGTCCGCGACTCCATCCGCGCGGTGGTGCAGACGCTGCTGGAGGCGGTAGTGCTGGTGGTGCTGGTAGTGATCCTGTTCCTGCAGACCTGGCGCGCGTCGATTATCCCGTTGATCGCTGTGCCGGTATCGGTGGTGGGTACCTTCAGCATTCTCTATCTGCTGGGCTTCTCGCTGAATACCCTGAGCCTGTTCGGGCTGGTACTGGCTATCGGTATCGTGGTGGACGACGCCATCGTGGTGGTGGAGAACGTCGAGCGTAATATCGAAGAGGGGCTTGCGCCGCTTGCCGCGGCGCATCAGGCGATGCGTGAGGTCTCCGGGCCGATTATCGCCATTGCGCTGGTGCTGTGTGCGGTGTTCGTGCCGATGGCGTTTCTCTCCGGGGTCACCGGCCAGTTCTACAAACAGTTCGCGGTGACCATCGCCATCTCGACGGTGATCTCGGCCATCAACTCGCTGACGCTCTCCCCGGCGCTGGCGGCCCTGCTGTTAAAGCCGCACGGCGCGAAGAAAGACCTCCCTACCCGGCTGATCGATCGCCTGTTTGGCTGGATTTTCCGTCCGTTTAACCGCTTTTTCCTGCGCAGCTCGAACGGCTATCAGGGACTGGTAGGCAAAACGCTTGGACGCCGTGGCGCAGTGTTTGCGGTGTACCTGCTGCTGCTCTGCGCCGCTGGGGTGATGTTTAAAGTCGTCCCCGGCGGGTTTATTCCCACCCAGGATAAGCTGTATCTCATTGGCGGCGTGAAGATGCCGGAAGGGTCGTCGCTGGCGCGCACCGACGCGGTGATCCGCAAAATGAGCGAGATCGGGATGAATACCGAAGGGGTCGACTATGCGGTCGCTTTCCCGGGGCTTAACGCGCTGCAGTTCACCAACACGCCGAATACCGGGACGGTCTTTTTTGGCCTGAAACCGTTCGACCAGCGCAAACACACGGCGGCGGAAATTAACGCGGAGATCAACGCCAAAATCGCGCAAATCCAGCAGGGCTTTGGCTTTTCCATCCTGCCGCCGCCGATTTTAGGTCTGGGTCAGGGTTCCGGCTACTCCCTGTACATCCAGGATCGCGGAGGGCTGGGCTATGGCGCGCTGCAAAGCGCGGTGAATGCGATGTCCGGGGCGATTATGCAGACGCCGGGGATGCACTTCCCGATCTCGACTTACCAGGCTAACGTGCCGCAGCTGGACGTGCAGGTCGATCGCGATAAGGCGAAAGCGCAGGGGGTATCGCTAACCGATCTGTTCGGTACGCTGCAGACCTATCTCGGCTCGTCTTATGTCAATGACTTTAACCAGTTCGGGCGTACCTGGCGCGTGATGGCCCAGGCTGACGGACCATACCGCGAGAGCGTGGAAGATATCGCCAATCTGCGCACCCGCAATAATCAGGGCGAAATGGTACCGATCGGCAGTATGGTGAATATCAGTACCACCTACGGGCCGGATCCGGTGATCCGCTACAACGGTTATCCGGCGGCGGACCTGATTGGCGATGCCGATCCGCGGGTCCTCTCTTCTTCGCAGGCGATGACGCATCTGGAAGAGCTGTCGAAGCAGATCCTGCCGAATGGGATGAATATTGAGTGGACGGATCTCAGCTTCCAGCAGGCCACCCAGGGCAACACGGCGCTGATCGTCTTCCCGGTGGCGGTGCTGCTGGCATTCCTCGTACTGGCCGCGCTGTATGAAAGCTGGACCCTGCCGCTGGCGGTGATCCTTATCGTACCGATGACGATGCTCTCCGCGCTGTTTGGCGTCTGGCTGACCGGGGGCGATAACAACGTCTTCGTGCAGGTGGGTCTGGTGGTCCTGATGGGCCTGGCCTGTAAAAACGCCATTCTGATCGTCGAGTTTGCCCGCGAGCTGGAGATCCAGGGGAAAGGCATCATGGAAGCGGCGCTGGAGGCATGCCGCCTGCGTCTGCGCCCGATCGTGATGACCTCCATCGCCTTTATCGCCGGGACCATTCCGCTGATCCTCGGCCACGGCGCGGGGGCGGAAGTCCGCGGCGTCACCGGGATCACGGTGTTCTCCGGGATGCTGGGCGTGACGCTCTTCGGTCTGTTCCTGACGCCGGTGTTTTACGTGACGCTACGGAAACTGGTGACCCGCAGGAAGCCGGTCCAGGAGGATCTGCCCGCCTAG UPDATED fmax with 51003 UPDATED accession with EU370913.1 UPDATED fmin with 47850 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 562 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35914 UPDATED accession with AAP43110.2 UPDATED sequence with MDFSRFFIDRPIFAAVLSILIFITGLIAIPLLPVSEYPDVVPPSVQVRAEYPGANPKVIAETVATPLEEAINGVENMMYMKSVAGSDGVLVTTVTFRPGTDPDQAQVQVQNRVAQAEARLPEDVRRLGITTQKQSPTLTLVVHLFSPGGKYDSLYMRNYATLKVKDELARLPGVGQIQIFGSGEYAMRVWLDPNKVAARGLTASDVVTAMQEQNVQVSAGQLGAEPLPQESDFLISINAQGRLHTEEEFGNIILKTAQDGSLVRLRDVARIEMGSGSYALRSQLNNKDAVGIGIFQSPGANAIDLSNAVRAKMAELATRFPEDMQWAAPYDPTVFVRDSIRAVVQTLLEAVVLVVLVVILFLQTWRASIIPLIAVPVSVVGTFSILYLLGFSLNTLSLFGLVLAIGIVVDDAIVVVENVERNIEEGLAPLAAAHQAMREVSGPIIAIALVLCAVFVPMAFLSGVTGQFYKQFAVTIAISTVISAINSLTLSPALAALLLKPHGAKKDLPTRLIDRLFGWIFRPFNRFFLRSSNGYQGLVGKTLGRRGAVFAVYLLLLCAAGVMFKVVPGGFIPTQDKLYLIGGVKMPEGSSLARTDAVIRKMSEIGMNTEGVDYAVAFPGLNALQFTNTPNTGTVFFGLKPFDQRKHTAAEINAEINAKIAQIQQGFGFSILPPPILGLGQGSGYSLYIQDRGGLGYGALQSAVNAMSGAIMQTPGMHFPISTYQANVPQLDVQVDRDKAKAQGVSLTDLFGTLQTYLGSSYVNDFNQFGRTWRVMAQADGPYRESVEDIANLRTRNNQGEMVPIGSMVNISTTYGPDPVIRYNGYPAADLIGDADPRVLSSSQAMTHLEELSKQILPNGMNIEWTDLSFQQATQGNTALIVFPVAVLLAFLVLAALYESWTLPLAVILIVPMTMLSALFGVWLTGGDNNVFVQVGLVVLMGLACKNAILIVEFARELEIQGKGIMEAALEACRLRLRPIVMTSIAFIAGTIPLILGHGAGAEVRGVTGITVFSGMLGVTLFGLFLTPVFYVTLRKLVTRRKPVQEDLPA UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2401 UPDATE Haemophilus parainfluenzae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones antibiotic target alteration; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; nybomycin; fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACGGATTCAATCCATTCCTCTATTACCCCAGTCAATATTGAAGAAGAACTAAAATCTTCTTACCTTGACTACGCCATGTCGGTGATTGTTGGGCGTGCTTTGCCTGATGTGCGTGACGGTTTAAAACCGGTGCATCGACGTGTGCTTTTCTCCATGGATCAATCTGGCATCACTGCCGGCAAAAAATACGTAAAATCTGCCCGTGTGGTAGGTGATGTAATCGGTAAATATCACCCGCACGGTGATTCTGCAGTGTACGACACCATTGTGCGTATGGCACAGCCGTTCTCATTGCGCTACATGTTGGTAGATGGGCAAGGTAACTTCGGTTCAATCGACGGTGATGCGCCAGCGGCAATGCGTTATACCGAAGTCCGTATGCAAAAAATCACCCAAGCGTTATTAACTGACTTGGATAAAGAAACCGTAAATTTCTCGCCAAACTATGATGGCGAATTAATGATTCCGGATGTATTACCAACTCGTATTCCTGCACTTTTAGCAAACGGTTCTTCCGGTATTGCGGTGGGGATGGCAACCAACATTCCACCACACAACTTAAATGAAGTTTTAGATGGATGCTTGGCTTATATTGATAACGAAAACATCACCATTGATGAGTTAATGCAATATATCCCGGGCCCAGACTTCCCAACAGCGGCATTAATTAATGGCCGTAAAGGGATTGAAGAAGCTTATCGCACTGGTCGCGGCAAAGTGTATGTTCGCGCTCGCGCTAGCGTAGAAACCACAGATAAAGGCAAAGAGCAAATTATTGTGACCGAATTGCCTTATCAAGTGAACAAAGCCAAATTAGTGGAAAAAATTGCTGAGCTTATCAAAGATAAAAAAATCGAAGGCATCAGCAATATTATCGACCTTTCGAACAAAGAAGGGATTCGCATTGAAATTGACATCAAACGTGATGCCGTAGGCGAAGTAGTATTAAATCACCTCTATGCGCTTACCCAAATGCAGGTAACCTTCGGGATTAACATGGTGGCCTTGGATCACGGTCAACCACGTTTATTCAACTTAAAACAAATCATTGAAGCCTTTGTGATGCACCGTCGCGAAGTGGTGATTCGCCGTTCTTTATTTGAATTGCGTAAAGCCCGCGAGCGTACCCATATTTTAGAAGGTTTAGCGGTTGCAACATCAAATATCGATGAAATCATCGATATCATCCGTCAATCGAAAGAGCGTAAAGAAGCGGCAGAAAAATTAATCTCTCGCCCTTGGAAATTGAATAACGAAATTTTAGGTTTACTTGATGCAGCGGCACGTCCAGCTGAGTTAGCGGCTGAATTTGGTATTAAAGGTTCGGATTACTATCTTTCTCCAGAACAAGTTGATGCAATCTTAGAACTTCGCTTGCATCGTTTAACCGGTCTTGCTACCGAAGAAGTAATCAATGAATACAAAGAGTTATTGGTTAAAATTGCAGAACTTCTCCACATCATCAACAGCCCTGAGCGTTTGATGGAAGTGATTCGTGAAGAGCTTGAACAAGTACGCGCACAATTCGCGGATGAACGTCGTACCGAAATTACTGCGGCTTCTGGTGATATTGATTTAGAAGATTTAATTGCTCAAGAAGATGTGGTAGTGACCCTTTCTCACGAAGGTTATGTGAAATATCAACCGCTTACCGACTACGAAGCACAACGTCGTGGTGGTAAAGGTAAATCCGCAACGAAGATGAAAGATGAAGACTTCATTGAAAAACTCTTAGTAGCGAATACTCACGATACGATTCTCTGTTTCTCTAGCCGCGGTCGCTTATATTGGTTGAAAGTCTATCAATTACCACAAGCAAGCCGTGGTGCGCGTGGTCGTCCGATTGTGAATATTCTACCGTTGCAAGAAAACGAGCGTATCACCGCAATCTTGCCAATCTCTGCTTATGAAGAAGATAAATTCGTCATCATGGCAACGGCTGGTGGTATTGTGAAGAAAATTGCGCTAACCGAATTCAGCCGTCCACGTTCAAGCGGTATCATCGCCTTGAACTTACGTGATGAAGATGAATTAATCGGCGTGGATATCACCGATGGTTCTAACGAAATCATGTTGTTCTCTTCGCAAGGTCGCGTAGTACGTTTCGCTGAAAGTGCAGTGCGTGCAATGGGTCGTTTAGCAACAGGTGTACGCGGTATTAAACTCGCCCTAACCAACGACATCGCTGACGATGAAAGTGCGGTCGAAATTGAAGAGGTTTCCGATGATAATGCAGAAGAAACCCTCGATCTCAATATCGATAAAGTGGTTTCCTTAGTTGTGCCGAAAAATGACGGCGCAATCCTTACGGCGACGCAAAACGGTTACGGTAAACGCACACAATTAAGCGAATACCCAACCAAATCCCGTAATACCAAAGGGGTGATTTCGATTAAAGTGAGCGAACGTAACGGTAAAGTCGTTGCGGCGACACAAGTGGAAGAAACCGACCAAATTATGCTTATCACTGATGCGGGTACCTTAGTGCGTACTCGTGTAAGTGAAGTGAGCATCGTTGGCCGTAACACCCAAGGGGTTCGTTTAATTCGTACCGCAGAAGATGAGCACGTAGTCAGTCTTGAACGTGTTTGTGATGTGGATGATGAAGACGAAGGCACTGAAGATGTGACTTCTGAAGAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1999166 UPDATED accession with FQ312002.1 UPDATED fmin with 1996520 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Haemophilus parainfluenzae T3T1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 862965 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42651 UPDATED accession with CBW16027.1 UPDATED sequence with MTDSIHSSITPVNIEEELKSSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLFSMDQSGITAGKKYVKSARVVGDVIGKYHPHGDSAVYDTIVRMAQPFSLRYMLVDGQGNFGSIDGDAPAAMRYTEVRMQKITQALLTDLDKETVNFSPNYDGELMIPDVLPTRIPALLANGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLNEVLDGCLAYIDNENITIDELMQYIPGPDFPTAALINGRKGIEEAYRTGRGKVYVRARASVETTDKGKEQIIVTELPYQVNKAKLVEKIAELIKDKKIEGISNIIDLSNKEGIRIEIDIKRDAVGEVVLNHLYALTQMQVTFGINMVALDHGQPRLFNLKQIIEAFVMHRREVVIRRSLFELRKARERTHILEGLAVATSNIDEIIDIIRQSKERKEAAEKLISRPWKLNNEILGLLDAAARPAELAAEFGIKGSDYYLSPEQVDAILELRLHRLTGLATEEVINEYKELLVKIAELLHIINSPERLMEVIREELEQVRAQFADERRTEITAASGDIDLEDLIAQEDVVVTLSHEGYVKYQPLTDYEAQRRGGKGKSATKMKDEDFIEKLLVANTHDTILCFSSRGRLYWLKVYQLPQASRGARGRPIVNILPLQENERITAILPISAYEEDKFVIMATAGGIVKKIALTEFSRPRSSGIIALNLRDEDELIGVDITDGSNEIMLFSSQGRVVRFAESAVRAMGRLATGVRGIKLALTNDIADDESAVEIEEVSDDNAEETLDLNIDKVVSLVVPKNDGAILTATQNGYGKRTQLSEYPTKSRNTKGVISIKVSERNGKVVAATQVEETDQIMLITDAGTLVRTRVSEVSIVGRNTQGVRLIRTAEDEHVVSLERVCDVDDEDEGTEDVTSEE " 2033 UPDATE mtrR linoleic acid; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; penicillin; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; oleic acid; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; peptide antibiotic; fosfomycin; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; triclosan; acridine dye; palmitic acid; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 2013 UPDATE Erm(41) antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacteroides abscessus UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2409 UPDATE Neisseria meningititis PBP2 conferring resistance to beta-lactam ceftaroline; ampicillin; flucloxacillin; ceftibuten; cefditoren; piperacillin; cefpodoxime; cefixime; cefdinir; meropenem; carbapenem; imipenem; aztreonam; cefradine; isopenicillin N; cefazolin; penicillin N; ceftazidime; cefepime; penicillin; antibiotic target alteration; oxacillin; cefmetazole; moxalactam; cloxacillin; cefadroxil; ceftriaxone; methicillin; loracarbef; ceftizoxime; cephalosporin; cefotaxime; cefaclor; Penicillin-binding protein mutations conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics; cefonicid; monobactam; cefuroxime; amoxicillin; mezlocillin; azlocillin; cefalexin; doripenem; cefotiam; ertapenem; penam; cefprozil; cephapirin; ceftobiprole; benzylpenicillin; phenoxymethylpenicillin; cephamycin; carbenicillin; cefalotin; ceftiofur; mecillinam; propicillin; cefoxitin; dicloxacillin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTTGATTAAGAGCGAATATAAGCCTCGGATGCTGCCCAAAGAAGAGCAGGTCAAAAAGCCGATGACCAGTAACGGACGGATCAGCTTCGTCCTGATGGCAATAGCGGTCTTGTTTGCCGGTCTGATTGCTCGCGGACTGTATCTGCAGACGGTAACGTATAACTTTTTGAAAGAACAGGGCGACAACCGGATTGTGCGGACTCAAACATTGCCGGCTACACGCGGTACGGTTTCGGACCGGAACGGTGCGGTTTTGGCGTTGAGTGCGCCGACGGAGTCCCTGTTTGCCGTGCCTAAAGAGATGAAGGAAATGCCGTCTGCCGCACAATTGGAACGCCTGTCCGAGCTTGTCGATGTGCCGGTTGATGTTTTGAGGAACAAGCTCGAACAGAAAGGCAAGTCGTTTATCTGGATTAAGCGGCAGCTCGATCCCAAGGTTGCCGAAGAGGTCAAAGCCTTGGGTTTGGAAAACTTTGTATTTGAAAAAGAATTAAAACGCCATTACCCGATGGGCAACCTGTTTGCACACGTCATCGGATTTACCGATATTGACGGCAAAGGTCAGGAAGGTTTGGAACTTTCGCTTGAAGACAGCCTGCATGGCGAAGACGGCGCGGAAGTCGTTTTGCGGGACCGGCAGGGCAATATTGTGGACAGCTTGGACTCCCCGCGCAATAAAGCCCCGAAAAACGGCAAAGACATCATCCTTTCCCTCGATCAGAGGATTCAGACCTTGGCCTATGAAGAGTTGAACAAGGCGGTCGAATACCATCAGGCAAAAGCCGGAACGGTGGTGGTTTTGGATGCCCGCACGGGGGAAATCCTCGCCTTGGCCAATACGCCCGCCTACGATCCCAACAGGCCCGGCCGGGCAGACAGCGAACAGCGGCGCAACCGTGCCGTAACCGATATGATCGAACCCGGTTCGGCAATCAAACCGTTTGTGATTGCGAAGGCATTGGATGCGGGCAAAACCGATTTGAACGAACGGCTGAATACGCAGCCTTATAAAATCGGACCGTCTCCCGTGCGCGATACCCATGTTTACCCCTCTTTGGATGTGCGCGGCATCATGCAGAAATCGTCCAACGTCGGCACAAGCAAACTGTCTGCGCGTTTCGGTGCCGAAGAAATGTATGACTTCTATCATGAGTTGGGCATCGGTGTGCGTATGCACTCGGGCTTTCCGGGCGAAACTGCAGGTTTGTTGAGAAATTGGCGCAGGTGGCGGCCTATCGAACAGGCGACGATGTCTTTCGGTTACGGCCTGCAATTGAGCCTGCTGCAATTGGCGCGCGCCTATACCGCACTGACGCACGACGGCGTTTTACTGCCGGTCAGCTTTGAAAAACAGGCGGTTGCGCCGCAAGGCAAACGCATATTCAAAGAATCGACCGCGCGCGAGGTACGCAATCTGATGGTTTCCGTAACCGAGCCGGGCGGCACCGGTACGGCGGGTGCGGTGGACGGTTTCGATGTCGGCGCGAAAACCGGCACGGCGCGCAAGTTCGTCAACGGGCGTTATGCCGACAACAAACACATCGCTACCTTTATCGGTTTTGCCCCCGCCAAAAATCCCCGTGTGATTGTGGCGGTAACCATTGACGAACCGACTGCCCACGGTTATTACGGCGGCGTAGTGGCAGGGCCGCCCTTCAAAAAAATTATGGGCGGCAGCCTGAACATCTTGGGCATTTCCCCGACCAAGCCACTGACCGCCGCAGCCGTCAAAACACCGTCTTAA UPDATED fmax with 421574 UPDATED accession with AE002098.2 UPDATED fmin with 419828 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria meningitidis MC58 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 122586 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39597 UPDATED accession with AAF40852.1 UPDATED sequence with MLIKSEYKPRMLPKEEQVKKPMTSNGRISFVLMAIAVLFAGLIARGLYLQTVTYNFLKEQGDNRIVRTQTLPATRGTVSDRNGAVLALSAPTESLFAVPKEMKEMPSAAQLERLSELVDVPVDVLRNKLEQKGKSFIWIKRQLDPKVAEEVKALGLENFVFEKELKRHYPMGNLFAHVIGFTDIDGKGQEGLELSLEDSLHGEDGAEVVLRDRQGNIVDSLDSPRNKAPKNGKDIILSLDQRIQTLAYEELNKAVEYHQAKAGTVVVLDARTGEILALANTPAYDPNRPGRADSEQRRNRAVTDMIEPGSAIKPFVIAKALDAGKTDLNERLNTQPYKIGPSPVRDTHVYPSLDVRGIMQKSSNVGTSKLSARFGAEEMYDFYHELGIGVRMHSGFPGETAGLLRNWRRWRPIEQATMSFGYGLQLSLLQLARAYTALTHDGVLLPVSFEKQAVAPQGKRIFKESTAREVRNLMVSVTEPGGTGTAGAVDGFDVGAKTGTARKFVNGRYADNKHIATFIGFAPAKNPRVIVAVTIDEPTAHGYYGGVVAGPPFKKIMGGSLNILGISPTKPLTAAAVKTPS " 1950 UPDATE arr-1 antibiotic inactivation; rifampin; rifapentine; rifabutin; rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr); rifaximin; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with arr-1 is a chromosome-encoded ribosyltransferase found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis " 2881 UPDATE tet(59) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; chlortetracycline; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; oxytetracycline; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 372 UPDATE qacA fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 375 UPDATE mdtH fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; enoxacin; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 820 UPDATE mdtB penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; novobiocin; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 377 UPDATE mepA antibiotic efflux; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter; acridine dye; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; ARO_category "DELETED 35949 UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. " 2903 UPDATE CrpP antibiotic inactivation; ciprofloxacin phosphotransferase; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; ciprofloxacin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGTCAAAGAAAGCGACCGGTACCGACAAGCTGGACAGACGACACTTCAACGATCCCCACCGGACTGTACGGGCTATTGGTGCTGAGGCCGCGCGGAAAGGGCTACGGGTGTTCGACTGCCCCTACAGTCATCCTGCGATGCGGGCGTCCTGGTTGAAAGGGTTTGCCCAGGAGCAGCAACAGCAGCTCGATTTCTGA UPDATED fmax with 119269 UPDATED accession with HM560971.1 UPDATED fmin with 119071 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36752 UPDATED accession with AEQ93536.1 UPDATED sequence with MSKKATGTDKLDRRHFNDPHRTVRAIGAEAARKGLRVFDCPYSHPAMRASWLKGFAQEQQQQLDF " 2907 UPDATE vmlR virginiamycin S2; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; lincomycin; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; antibiotic target protection; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAGAGATCGTAACATTAACAAACGTTAGCTATGAAGTAAAGGATCAAACTGTTTTTAAACATGTAAACGCCAGTGTTCAGCAAGGAGATATCATTGGGATTATCGGCAAAAACGGCGCTGGGAAATCTACGTTGCTGCACCTCATTCACAATGACTTAGCCCCTGCACAGGGTCAAATCCTTCGGAAGGATATAAAACTGGCTTTGGTTGAACAGGAAACCGCGGCGTATTCCTTTGCGGATCAGACACCTGCCGAAAAGAAGTTACTGGAGAAATGGCATGTGCCTCTTCGTGATTTTCATCAGTTAAGCGGCGGTGAAAAACTGAAAGCGCGGCTGGCGAAAGGACTATCAGAGGATGCAGATCTGCTGCTGTTAGATGAACCGACAAACCACCTTGATGAAAAAAGCTTGCAATTTCTCATCCAACAGCTGAAACATTATAACGGCACTGTGATTCTCGTTTCTCACGATCGATATTTTTTAGACGAAGCCGCAACAAAAATATGGTCGCTTGAGGATCAGACGCTGATTGAATTCAAAGGGAATTACTCCGGGTATATGAAGTTCCGGGAGAAGAAAAGACTCACCCAGCAGCGTGAATATGAAAAGCAGCAAAAAATGGTTGAACGGATTGAAGCACAAATGAATGGGCTCGCTTCTTGGTCGGAAAAAGCCCATGCTCAATCGACGAAAAAGGAAGGGTTTAAAGAATATCACCGGGTAAAAGCGAAGCGTACGGATGCCCAGATAAAATCCAAGCAGAAGCGGCTTGAAAAAGAGCTTGAAAAAGCAAAGGCGGAACCCGTTACCCCAGAATATACAGTCCGCTTTTCAATCGATACAACCCACAAAACAGGAAAACGTTTTTTAGAAGTTCAGAATGTAACAAAAGCGTTTGGAGAAAGGACTCTCTTTAAAAACGCAAACTTTACAATTCAGCACGGCGAAAAGGTTGCGATCATAGGCCCCAATGGCAGCGGAAAAACGACATTACTGAACATCATTCTGGGACAGGAAACAGCAGAAGGAAGTGTATGGGTGTCGCCGTCCGCAAACATCGGCTATTTAACGCAGGAGGTGTTTGATTTGCCTTTAGAACAAACACCGGAAGAGTTATTTGAGAATGAAACATTCAAAGCAAGGGGGCACGTTCAAAATCTGATGAGGCACTTAGGTTTTACAGCCGCCCAATGGACTGAACCGATCAAGCATATGAGTATGGGTGAGCGTGTAAAGATCAAGCTGATGGCATATATTCTGGAGGAAAAAGACGTGCTGATTTTAGATGAGCCGACAAACCATCTCGACCTGCCGTCACGCGAACAGCTGGAAGAAACACTGTCACAATACAGCGGCACATTGCTGGCGGTTTCACATGACCGATACTTTCTCGAAAAAACAACAAACAGTAAACTCGTCATCTCAAACAACGGCATCGAAAAGCAGTTAAACGACGTTCCTTCAGAAAGAAATGAGCGGGAGGAGCTTCGGTTAAAGCTTGAGACAGAAAGACAAGAAGTGCTGGGAAAGCTCAGTTTTATGACGCCAAATGATAAAGGGTATAAGGAGCTTGATCAGGCTTTCAATGAGCTTACGAAACGAATAAAAGAGCTGGATCATCAAGACAAAAAAGACTGA UPDATED fmax with 606379 UPDATED accession with NC_000964.3 UPDATED fmin with 604735 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 224308 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39579 UPDATED accession with NP_388442.1 UPDATED sequence with MKEIVTLTNVSYEVKDQTVFKHVNASVQQGDIIGIIGKNGAGKSTLLHLIHNDLAPAQGQILRKDIKLALVEQETAAYSFADQTPAEKKLLEKWHVPLRDFHQLSGGEKLKARLAKGLSEDADLLLLDEPTNHLDEKSLQFLIQQLKHYNGTVILVSHDRYFLDEAATKIWSLEDQTLIEFKGNYSGYMKFREKKRLTQQREYEKQQKMVERIEAQMNGLASWSEKAHAQSTKKEGFKEYHRVKAKRTDAQIKSKQKRLEKELEKAKAEPVTPEYTVRFSIDTTHKTGKRFLEVQNVTKAFGERTLFKNANFTIQHGEKVAIIGPNGSGKTTLLNIILGQETAEGSVWVSPSANIGYLTQEVFDLPLEQTPEELFENETFKARGHVQNLMRHLGFTAAQWTEPIKHMSMGERVKIKLMAYILEEKDVLILDEPTNHLDLPSREQLEETLSQYSGTLLAVSHDRYFLEKTTNSKLVISNNGIEKQLNDVPSERNEREELRLKLETERQEVLGKLSFMTPNDKGYKELDQAFNELTKRIKELDHQDKKD UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED param_value with 1000 " 2904 UPDATE poxtA antibiotic target protection; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; linezolid; ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein; tetracycline; florfenicol; oxazolidinone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; streptogramin antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; doxycycline; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with streptogramin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35945 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000026 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 704 UPDATE OprJ tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; ofloxacin; trimethoprim; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; gentamicin C; aminoglycoside antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; novobiocin; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; erythromycin; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. " 395 UPDATE blaF penam; amoxicillin; antibiotic inactivation; blaF family beta-lactamase; ARO_description; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Class A beta-lactamase found in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium fortuitum UPDATED category_aro_description with Class A Beta-lactamases first isolated from Mycolicibacterium fortuitum. " 87 UPDATE TEM-116 penam; antibiotic inactivation; penem; cephalosporin; monobactam; TEM beta-lactamase; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA UPDATED fmax with 2290 UPDATED accession with U36911.1 UPDATED fmin with 1429 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1280 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35508 UPDATED accession with AAB39956.1 UPDATED sequence with MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLPVFAHPETLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRIDAGQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLLLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWEPELNEAIPNDERDTTMPVAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW " 796 UPDATE iri antibiotic inactivation; rifampin monooxygenase; rifampin; rifapentine; rifabutin; rifaximin; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with iri is a monooxygenase that confers resistance to rifampin found in Rhodococcus hoagii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Rhodococcus hoagii " 794 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus rpoC conferring resistance to daptomycin peptide antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; daptomycin-resistant beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC); daptomycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGATTGATGTAAATAATTTCCATTATATGAAAATAGGATTGGCTTCACCTGAAAAAATCCGTTCTTGGTCTTTTGGTGAAGTTAAAAAACCTGAAACAATCAACTACCGTACATTAAAACCTGAAAAAGATGGTCTATTCTGTGAAAGAATTTTCGGACCTACAAAAGACTGGGAATGTAGTTGTGGTAAATACAAACGTGTTCGCTACAAAGGCATGGTCTGTGACAGATGTGGAGTTGAAGTAACTAAATCTAAAGTACGTCGTGAAAGAATGGGTCACATTGAACTTGCTGCTCCAGTTTCTCACATTTGGTATTTCAAAGGTATACCAAGTCGTATGGGATTATTACTTGACATGTCACCAAGAGCATTAGAAGAAGTTATTTACTTTGCTTCTTATGTTGTTGTAGATCCAGGTCCAACTGGTTTAGAAAAGAAAACTTTATTATCTGAAGCTGAATTCAGAGATTATTATGATAAATACCCAGGTCAATTCGTTGCAAAAATGGGTGCAGAAGGTATTAAAGATTTACTTGAAGAGATTGATCTTGACGAAGAACTTAAATTGTTACGCGATGAGTTGGAATCAGCTACTGGTCAAAGACTTACTCGTGCAATTAAACGTTTAGAAGTTGTTGAATCATTCCGTAATTCAGGTAACAAACCTTCATGGATGATTTTAGATGTACTTCCAATCATCCCACCAGAAATTCGTCCAATGGTTCAATTAGATGGTGGACGATTTGCAACAAGTGACTTAAACGACTTATACCGTCGTGTAATTAATCGAAATAATCGTTTGAAACGTTTATTAGATTTAGGTGCACCTGGTATCATCGTTCAAAACGAAAAACGTATGTTACAAGAAGCCGTTGACGCTTTAATTGATAATGGTCGTCGTGGTCGTCCAGTTACTGGCCCAGGTAACCGTCCATTAAAATCTTTATCTCATATGTTAAAAGGTAAACAAGGTCGTTTCCGTCAAAACCTACTTGGTAAACGTGTTGACTATTCAGGACGTTCAGTTATCGCGGTAGGTCCAAGCTTGAAAATGTACCAATGTGGTTTACCGAAAGAAATGGCACTTGAACTATTTAAACCATTTGTAATGAAAGAATTAGTTCAACGTGAAATTGCAACTAACATTAAAAATGCGAAGAGTAAAATCGAACGCATGGATGATGAAGTTTGGGACGTATTGGAAGAAGTAATTAGAGAACATCCTGTATTACTTAACCGTGCACCAACACTTCATAGACTTGGTATTCAAGCATTTGAACCAACTTTAGTTGAAGGTCGTGCGATTCGTCTACATCCACTTGTAACAACAGCTTATAACGCTGACTTTGATGGTGACCAAATGGCGGTTCACGTTCCTTTATCAAAAGAGGCACAAGCTGAAGCAAGAATGTTGATGTTAGCAGCACAAAACATCTTGAACCCTAAAGATGGTAAACCAGTAGTTACACCATCACAAGATATGGTACTTGGTAACTATTACCTTACTTTAGAAAGAAAAGATGCAGTAAATACAGGCGCAATCTTTAATAATACAAATGAAGTGTTAAAAGCATATGCAAATGGCTTTGTACATTTACACACAAGAATTGGTGTACATGCAAGTTCATTCAACAACCCAACATTTACTGAAGAACAAAACAAAAAGATTCTTGCTACGTCAGTAGGTAAAATTATATTCAATGAAATCATTCCGGATTCATTTGCTTATATTAATGAACCTACGCAAGAAAACTTAGAAAGAAAGACACCAAACAGATACTTCATCGATCCTACAACTTTAGGTGAAGGTGGATTAAAAGAATACTTTGAAAATGAAGAATTAATTGAACCTTTCAACAAAAAATTCTTAGGTAATATTATTGCAGAAGTATTCAACAGATTTAGCATCACTGATACATCAATGATGTTAGACCGTATGAAAGACTTAGGATTCAAATTCTCATCTAAAGCTGGTATTACAGTAGGTGTTGCTGATATCGTAGTATTACCTGATAAGCAACAAATACTTGATGAGCATGAAAAATTAGTCGACAGAATTACAAAACAATTCAATCGTGGTTTAATCACTGAAGAAGAAAGATATAATGCAGTTGTTGAAATTTGGACAGATGCAAAAGATCAAATTCAAGGTGAATTGATGCAATCACTTGATAAAACTAACCCAATCTTCATGATGAGTGATTCAGGTGCCCGTGGTAACGCATCTAACTTTACACAGTTAGCAGGTATGCGTGGATTGATGGCCGCACCATCTGGTAAGATTATCGAATTACCAATCACATCTTCATTCCGTGAAGGTTTAACAGTACTTGAATACTTCATCTCAACTCACGGTGCGCGTAAAGGTCTTGCCGATACAGCACTTAAGACAGCTGACTCAGGATATCTTACTCGTCGTCTTGTTGACGTGGCACAAGATGTTATTGTTCGTGAAGAAGACTGTGGTACAGATAGAGGTTTATTAGTTTCTGATATTAAAGAAGGTACAGAAATGATTGAACCATTTATCGAACGTATTGAAGGTCGTTATTCTAAAGAAACAATTCGTCATCCTGAAACTGATGAAGTTATCATTCGTCCTGATGAATTAATTACACCTGAAATTGCTAAGAAAATTACAGATGCTGGTATTGAACAAATGTATATTCGCTCAGCATTTACTTGTAACGCAAGACACGGTGTTTGTGAAAAATGTTACGGTAAAAACCTTGCTACTGGTGAAAAAGTTGAAGTTGGTGAAGCAGTTGGTACAATTGCAGCCCAATCTATCGGTGAACCAGGTACACAGCTTACAATGCGTACATTCCATACAGGTGGGGTAGCAGGTAGCGATATCACACAAGGTCTTCCTCGTATTCAAGAGATTTTCGAAGCACGTAACCCTAAAGGTCAAGCGGTAATTACGGAAATCGAAGGTGTCGTAGAAGATATTAAATTAGCAAAAGATAGACAACAAGAAATTGTTGTTAAAGGTGCTAATGAAACAAGATCATATCTTGCTTCAGGTACTTCAAGAATTATTGTAGAAATCGGTCAACCAGTACAACGTGGTGAAGTATTAACTGAAGGTTCTATTGAACCTAAGAATTACTTATCTGTTGCTGGATTAAACGCGACTGAAAGCTACTTATTAAAAGAAGTACAAAAAGTTTACCGTATGCAAGGGGTAGAAATCGACGATAAACACGTTGAGGTTATGGTTCGACAAATGTTACGTAAAGTTAGAATTATCGAAGCAGGTGATACGAAGTTATTACCAGGTTCATTAGTTGATATTCACAACTTTACAGATGCAAATAGAGAAGCATTTAAACACCGCAAGCGCCCTGCAACAGCTAAACCAGTATTACTTGGTATTACTAAAGCATCACTTGAAACAGAAAGTTTCTTATCTGCAGCATCATTCCAAGAAACAACAAGAGTTCTAACAGATGCAGCAATTAAAGGTAAGCGTGATGACTTATTAGGTCTTAAAGAAAACGTAATTATCGGTAAGCTAATTCCAGCTGGTACTGGTATGAGACGTTATAGCGACGTAAAATACGAAAAAACAGCTAAACCAGTTGCAGAAGTTGAATCTCAAACTGAAGTAACGGAATAA UPDATED fmax with 598142 UPDATED accession with BX571856.1 UPDATED fmin with 594518 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 282458 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35517 UPDATED accession with CAG39569.1 UPDATED sequence with MIDVNNFHYMKIGLASPEKIRSWSFGEVKKPETINYRTLKPEKDGLFCERIFGPTKDWECSCGKYKRVRYKGMVCDRCGVEVTKSKVRRERMGHIELAAPVSHIWYFKGIPSRMGLLLDMSPRALEEVIYFASYVVVDPGPTGLEKKTLLSEAEFRDYYDKYPGQFVAKMGAEGIKDLLEEIDLDEELKLLRDELESATGQRLTRAIKRLEVVESFRNSGNKPSWMILDVLPIIPPEIRPMVQLDGGRFATSDLNDLYRRVINRNNRLKRLLDLGAPGIIVQNEKRMLQEAVDALIDNGRRGRPVTGPGNRPLKSLSHMLKGKQGRFRQNLLGKRVDYSGRSVIAVGPSLKMYQCGLPKEMALELFKPFVMKELVQREIATNIKNAKSKIERMDDEVWDVLEEVIREHPVLLNRAPTLHRLGIQAFEPTLVEGRAIRLHPLVTTAYNADFDGDQMAVHVPLSKEAQAEARMLMLAAQNILNPKDGKPVVTPSQDMVLGNYYLTLERKDAVNTGAIFNNTNEVLKAYANGFVHLHTRIGVHASSFNNPTFTEEQNKKILATSVGKIIFNEIIPDSFAYINEPTQENLERKTPNRYFIDPTTLGEGGLKEYFENEELIEPFNKKFLGNIIAEVFNRFSITDTSMMLDRMKDLGFKFSSKAGITVGVADIVVLPDKQQILDEHEKLVDRITKQFNRGLITEEERYNAVVEIWTDAKDQIQGELMQSLDKTNPIFMMSDSGARGNASNFTQLAGMRGLMAAPSGKIIELPITSSFREGLTVLEYFISTHGARKGLADTALKTADSGYLTRRLVDVAQDVIVREEDCGTDRGLLVSDIKEGTEMIEPFIERIEGRYSKETIRHPETDEVIIRPDELITPEIAKKITDAGIEQMYIRSAFTCNARHGVCEKCYGKNLATGEKVEVGEAVGTIAAQSIGEPGTQLTMRTFHTGGVAGSDITQGLPRIQEIFEARNPKGQAVITEIEGVVEDIKLAKDRQQEIVVKGANETRSYLASGTSRIIVEIGQPVQRGEVLTEGSIEPKNYLSVAGLNATESYLLKEVQKVYRMQGVEIDDKHVEVMVRQMLRKVRIIEAGDTKLLPGSLVDIHNFTDANREAFKHRKRPATAKPVLLGITKASLETESFLSAASFQETTRVLTDAAIKGKRDDLLGLKENVIIGKLIPAGTGMRRYSDVKYEKTAKPVAEVESQTEVTE UPDATED category_aro_name with daptomycin-resistant beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoC) " 2410 UPDATE Salmonella enterica parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones ofloxacin; norfloxacin; nalidixic acid; levofloxacin; fluoroquinolone resistant parC; antibiotic target alteration; ciprofloxacin; pefloxacin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCGATATGGCAGAGCGCCTTGCGCTACATGAATTTACGGAAAACGCCTACTTAAACTACTCCATGTACGTGATCATGGATCGTGCGTTGCCGTTTATTGGCGACGGCCTGAAGCCGGTACAGCGCCGCATCGTCTATGCGATGTCAGAGCTGGGGCTGAACGCCACCGCTAAATTTAAAAAATCCGCCCGTACCGTTGGTGACGTACTGGGTAAGTATCACCCGCATGGCGACAGCGCCTGCTATGAAGCCATGGTGCTGATGGCGCAGCCGTTCTCTTACCGTTACCCGCTGGTCGATGGCCAGGGGAACTGGGGCGCGCCGGATGATCCGAAGTCATTCGCGGCGATGCGTTATACCGAATCCCGCCTGTCCAAATACGCCGAGCTGCTGTTAAGCGAACTCGGTCAGGGGACGGCGGACTGGGTGCCAAACTTCGACGGCACCATGCAGGAACCGAAAATGTTACCGGCGCGTCTGCCGAACATCCTGCTGAACGGCACCACCGGTATTGCGGTGGGCATGGCAACAGATATCCCGCCGCACAACCTGCGCGAAGTGGCGAAAGCGGCGATTACGCTGATTGAGCAGCCGAAAACGACGCTGGATCAGTTGCTGGATATCGTTCAGGGGCCGGATTACCCGACCGAAGCGGAGATCATTACCCCACGTGCGGAAATTCGTAAAATTTACGAAAACGGGCGGGGCTCCGTGCGTATGCGCGCGGTATGGACCAAAGAAGACGGCGCTGTGGTAATTTCCGCGCTGCCGCATCAGGTCTCTGGCGCGAAAGTGCTGGAGCAGATTGCTGCGCAGATGCGTAATAAAAAACTGCCGATGGTGGACGATCTGCGCGATGAATCGGATCACGAAAACCCGACGCGTTTAGTGATTGTGCCACGCTCCAACCGTGTGGATATGGAACAGGTGATGAACCATCTGTTCGCCACCACCGATCTGGAAAAAAGCTACCGTATTAACCTGAACATGATCGGTCTGGATGGTCGTCCGGCGGTGAAAAACCTGCTGGAGATCCTCACCGAGTGGCTGGCGTTCCGCCGCGACACGGTGCGCCGTCGTCTGAACTATCGTCTGGAGAAAGTGCTTAAGCGCCTGCATATCCTCGAAGGTTTGCTGGTGGCGTTTCTCAACATCGACGAAGTGATTGAGATTATCCGTAGCGAAGACGAGCCAAAACCCGCGCTGATGTCGCGTTTCGGCATCAGCGAAACCCAGGCGGAAGCGATTCTCGAACTGAAACTGCGCCATCTCGCCAAACTGGAAGAGATGAAAATTCGCGGCGAGCAGGACGAGCTGGAAAAAGAGAGGGACCAGTTGCAGGGCATTCTCGCGTCCGAACGCAAAATGAATACCTTGCTGAAAAAAGAACTACAGGCGGACGCCGATGCCTATGGCGACGATCGCCGTTCTCCGCTGCGTGAGCGCGAAGAAGCTAAAGCGATGAGCGAACACGATATGCTGCCGTCCGAACCGGTGACTATCGTGCTGTCGCAGATGGGCTGGGTGCGCAGCGCCAAAGGTCATGATATTGATGCGCCGGGGCTTAACTATAAAGCGGGCGACAGCTTTAAAGCCGCGGTGAAAGGTAAGAGCAATCAACCGGTGGTGTTTATTGATACCACCGGGCGCAGCTATGCTATTGATCCCATTACGCTTCCGTCGGCGCGTGGGCAGGGCGAGCCGCTGACCGGCAAACTCACGCTGCCGCCGGGGGCGACCGTAGAGCATATGCTGATGGAAGGCGATGACCAGAAACTGCTGATGGCGTCGGATGCGGGCTACGGCTTCGTTTGTACGTTTAACGATCTGGTTGCCCGTAACCGTGCCGGTAAGACATTGATTACACTGCCGGAAAATGCGCACGTCATGCCGCCGCTGGTGATTGAAGACGAGCACGATATGCTGCTGGCGATTACCCAGGCCGGACGGATGTTGATGTTCCCGGTAGACTCTCTGCCGCAGCTGTCGAAAGGCAAAGGGAATAAGATCATTAATATCCCCTCTGCAGAAGCGGCGAAAGGCGATGATGGACTGGCGCACCTGTACGTGCTGCCGCCACAAAGCACTCTGACTATCCATGTCGGGAAGCGCAAAATCAAACTGCGCCCTGAAGAGTTACAAAAGGTGGTCGGTGAACGCGGACGCCGTGGCACATTAATGCGCGGCCTGCAGCGTATCGATCGCATTGAGATTGATTCGCCGCATCGCGTAAGTCATGGCGACAGCGAAGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 3339212 UPDATED accession with AE006468.2 UPDATED fmin with 3336953 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 99287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35734 UPDATED accession with AAL22048.1 UPDATED sequence with MSDMAERLALHEFTENAYLNYSMYVIMDRALPFIGDGLKPVQRRIVYAMSELGLNATAKFKKSARTVGDVLGKYHPHGDSACYEAMVLMAQPFSYRYPLVDGQGNWGAPDDPKSFAAMRYTESRLSKYAELLLSELGQGTADWVPNFDGTMQEPKMLPARLPNILLNGTTGIAVGMATDIPPHNLREVAKAAITLIEQPKTTLDQLLDIVQGPDYPTEAEIITPRAEIRKIYENGRGSVRMRAVWTKEDGAVVISALPHQVSGAKVLEQIAAQMRNKKLPMVDDLRDESDHENPTRLVIVPRSNRVDMEQVMNHLFATTDLEKSYRINLNMIGLDGRPAVKNLLEILTEWLAFRRDTVRRRLNYRLEKVLKRLHILEGLLVAFLNIDEVIEIIRSEDEPKPALMSRFGISETQAEAILELKLRHLAKLEEMKIRGEQDELEKERDQLQGILASERKMNTLLKKELQADADAYGDDRRSPLREREEAKAMSEHDMLPSEPVTIVLSQMGWVRSAKGHDIDAPGLNYKAGDSFKAAVKGKSNQPVVFIDTTGRSYAIDPITLPSARGQGEPLTGKLTLPPGATVEHMLMEGDDQKLLMASDAGYGFVCTFNDLVARNRAGKTLITLPENAHVMPPLVIEDEHDMLLAITQAGRMLMFPVDSLPQLSKGKGNKIINIPSAEAAKGDDGLAHLYVLPPQSTLTIHVGKRKIKLRPEELQKVVGERGRRGTLMRGLQRIDRIEIDSPHRVSHGDSEE " 2301 UPDATE Enterococcus faecalis YybT with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance peptide antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; daptomycin; daptomycin resistant YybT; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCAAAAGAAGAGAATTCAAAAAAACGGTTTCTTAATTGTTGTGGGTCTTCTCTTAGTAGAATTTCTCCTCTATTTCTTACTAACAAATAAATGGCTGCTATTGGCGGTAATTATCGCATTAGATATCTTTCTCTTAGTGGTTATTCGGCTGTTGATTAGAGATGTAGAAATTACGAACGTAGAAAAGATTCAAGAAGCAAGTTCCATTGCTGAACAATCGTTGGATTATGTTGTAAATGAAGTACCTGTGGGAATTATTACGTATAACGGGGAAACACGCGCGGTAGAATGGCTTAATCCTTATGCTGCTTCTATTTTTAATAAAGACAATCAGCTAACGTTAACCGCTAGCCAAGTTACGTCTTATTTAGAATTAGCAGAACGAAACCAAGATATTTTTACGATTGACGAAAATACCTATCGCTTTAGCGTCAATAAAGAACAACATACAATTACTTTTGAAGATATCACTAAAGAAAGTAATTTGTATCAAGAAAAAGTCGAAATGCAAACGGCTATTGGCATTGTGTCTGTCGATAATTATGATGATGTCACCGATACAATGGATGAGAAAGAAATTTCTTATTTGAATAGTTTCATTACGACGATGGTTTCTGATTGGATGGACCAATACAAAGTTTTTTATAAGCGAATCAACGCAGAACGTTATTTTTTCATTGCCCAATGGGAAGATATTCAAAAAATGATGGACGAAAAATTTTCTATTTTGGATACGATCCGTAAGGAATCAGCTAACCATGAAGTAGCCATTACGTTAAGTATGGGGATTGCTTATGGGGGCCCAACCTTAGATCAAACCGGGACCACGGCTCAAACAAACCTAGATACAGCTTTAGTTCGTGGTGGTGATCAAGTGGTTGTAAAAGAAGCCAAAGATGAAGCGAAGCCGTTATTTTTTGGTGGAAAAACGGCAGTAACGACGAAACGTTCCCAAGTACGTTCTCGCGCAATGAGCATGGCAATTAAGGGAATTATTGCGGAATCTGCTGACATCTATATTATGGGCCATCGTTATCCAGATATGGATGCGTTAGGTTCAGCATTTGGTGTTGCTCGTTTAGCCTCGTTTAATAATCGAAAAGCGTGGATTGTTTTAGATGAAAATGAAATCATTCCCGATGTCAAAAGAGTGTTAGAGGCGATTAAAGAGTACCCAGAATTAGAAGAGCGCATTATTAGTCCTAAAGAGGCCATGAAGCGCAAGAAAGAAAGTAGCTTATTAGTTATGGTAGATTACCATAAACCGTCTCTATCGATCTCACAAGAGCTCTATGAGCGTTTTGATAAAGTAGTAATCATTGATCACCATCGACGAGGAGACGAATTTCCAGCAAAACCCTTGCTTTCTTATATTGAATCTTCTGCCTCTTCTGCTTCAGAATTAGTCACAGAATTGATCGAATATCAAAGTAATAGCGCAAATAAACTGCAGGCCTTTGAAGCAACCATGATGTTGGCGGGAATTGTGGTTGATACGAAAAGTTTCAATACACGAACGACGGCGCGAACATTTGATGTGGCTAGTTATTTACGAACTTGTGGAGCAGACTCATCTTTAGTACAATATCTATTAAGTTCTGATCTTACAAGCTATCTGGAAATGAACAATTTAATCTCTAAAAGCGAATATGTCACAAAAGATACCGTCGTTGTTGCAGGGAGTGAAGACAAAGAATATGATAGTGTCACAGCTGCCAAAACAGCGGACACATTACTTTCTATGGCAGGGATTAATGCAGCATTTGTCATTACCAAGCGGACGGATCAACAGATTGGCATTAGTGCTCGGAGTAATGGTTCAATTAATGTCCAAATTATTATGGAAAATTTAGGTGGTGGCGGTCACTTTACTAATGCGGCAGTACAATTATCAAACGTAACAGTAGCAGAAGTAAAAGAGCAACTACTTGATGTAATTCGTCAAAATATTAATGAAATGTATGAACAGGAGTGA UPDATED fmax with 12709 UPDATED accession with AE016830.1 UPDATED fmin with 10732 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Enterococcus faecalis V583 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 226185 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 37592 UPDATED accession with AAO79895.1 UPDATED sequence with MQKKRIQKNGFLIVVGLLLVEFLLYFLLTNKWLLLAVIIALDIFLLVVIRLLIRDVEITNVEKIQEASSIAEQSLDYVVNEVPVGIITYNGETRAVEWLNPYAASIFNKDNQLTLTASQVTSYLELAERNQDIFTIDENTYRFSVNKEQHTITFEDITKESNLYQEKVEMQTAIGIVSVDNYDDVTDTMDEKEISYLNSFITTMVSDWMDQYKVFYKRINAERYFFIAQWEDIQKMMDEKFSILDTIRKESANHEVAITLSMGIAYGGPTLDQTGTTAQTNLDTALVRGGDQVVVKEAKDEAKPLFFGGKTAVTTKRSQVRSRAMSMAIKGIIAESADIYIMGHRYPDMDALGSAFGVARLASFNNRKAWIVLDENEIIPDVKRVLEAIKEYPELEERIISPKEAMKRKKESSLLVMVDYHKPSLSISQELYERFDKVVIIDHHRRGDEFPAKPLLSYIESSASSASELVTELIEYQSNSANKLQAFEATMMLAGIVVDTKSFNTRTTARTFDVASYLRTCGADSSLVQYLLSSDLTSYLEMNNLISKSEYVTKDTVVVAGSEDKEYDSVTAAKTADTLLSMAGINAAFVITKRTDQQIGISARSNGSINVQIIMENLGGGGHFTNAAVQLSNVTVAEVKEQLLDVIRQNINEMYEQE " 2303 UPDATE bcr-1 fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2305 UPDATE Enterococcus faecalis gshF with mutation conferring daptomycin resistance peptide antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; daptomycin; daptomycin resistant gshF; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAATTATAGAGAATTAATGCAAAAGAAAAATGTTCGTCCTTACGTATTGATGGCTCGTTTTGGTTTAGAAAAAGAAAACCAACGTAGTACACGAGAAGGGCTTTTAGCGACAACTGATCATCCCACGGTTTTTGGTAACCGTTCTTATCATCCATATATTCAAACAGATTTTAGTGAAACACAATTAGAACTAATCACGCCTGTAGCAAATAGCGGCACAGAAATGCTTCGTTTTTTAGATGCCATTCACGATGTGGCTCGTCGTTCGATTCCAGAAGATGAAATGCTGTGGCCATTAAGTATGCCGCCACAATTACCAACAAAAGATGAAGAGATTAAAATTGCTAAATTAGATCAATATGATGCAGTGTTATATCGTCGTTATTTGGCAAAAGAGTATGGCAAACGAAAACAAATGGTCAGCGGAATTCATTTTAATTTTGAATATGACCAAGCCCTGATTCAGCAATTATATGATGAACAATCCGAAGTGACAGATTGCAAACAATTTAAAACGAAAGTGTACATGAAAGTTGCCCGTAACTTTTTACGTTATCGTTGGTTAATTACGTATCTTTTTGGGGCTTCGCCAGTTAGTGAAGACGGCTACTTTAGAGTCTATGACGACCAACCGCAAGAACCCATTCGCAGTATTCGGAATAGTACGTATGGCTACAGAAATCATGACAATGTGAAAGTATCGTATGCCTCATTGGAACGCTATTTAGAAGATATTCATCGCATGGTGGAAAATGGTTTACTTTCTGAAGAAAAAGAATTTTATGCGCCTGTGCGCTTACGTGGTGGGAAACAAATGTCTGATCTGCCTAAAACAGGTATTCGCTATATCGAGTTGCGTAATTTAGACTTAAATCCTTTTTCACGTTTAGGCATTGTGGAAGATACTGTGGATTTCTTACATTATTTCATGTTGTATTTATTGTGGACAGATGAAAAAGAAGAAGCGGATGAATGGGTAAAAACTGGCGATATTTTAAATGAACAAGTGGCTCTTGGTCATCCTCATGAAACGATTAAGTTAATTGCAGAAGGCGATCGGATTTTTTCAGAAATGATTGATATGTTAGATGCTCTAGGCATTCGTAAAGGCAAAGAAGTTGTCGGTAAGTATTATCAACAACTGCGGAATCCACAAGACACCGTTTCTGGCAAAATGTGGACGATTATTCAAGAAAACTCCAACAGTGAACTGGGAAATATTTTTGGAAACCAATATCAAAGTATGGCCTTTGAACGCCCTTATCAATTAGCTGGTTTCCGTGAGATGGAATTATCCACACAAATTTTCTTGTTTGATGCGATTCAAAAAGGTTTGGAAATCGAAATTTTAGATGAACAAGAGCAATTTTTGAAACTGCAACATGGCGAGCACATTGAATACGTCAAAAATGCCAACATGACTAGCAAAGATAACTACGTGGTACCATTGATTATGGAAAACAAAACCGTGACAAAGAAAATTTTGTCTGCAGCAGGGTTCCATGTGCCTGGCGGTGAAGAATTTTCATCTTTTATTGAGGCACAAGAAGCACATTTACGCTACGCCAATAAAGCGTTTGTCGTGAAACCAAAATCAACGAATTACGGTTTAGGAATTACCATTTTTAAAGAAGGCGCTTCGTTGGAAGACTTTACGGAAGCGTTACGGATTGCTTTTAAAGAGGACACAGCGGTTTTAATTGAAGAGTTTTTACCTGGAACAGAATATCGGTTCTTTGTGTTAGATAATGATGTAAAAGCCATCATGTTGCGCGTGCCAGCCAATGTTACCGGAGATGGCAAACACACTGTAGAAGAATTGGTGGCCGCTAAAAATAGTGATCCATTGCGGGGGACCAATCACCGTGCACCACTAGAATTAATCCAGTTAAATGATTTAGAAAAACTAATGTTGAAAGAACAAGGTTTAACTATCTATTCTGTGCCAGAAAAAGAGCAAATCGTGTACTTGCGAGAAAATTCTAATGTTAGCACGGGCGGGGATTCGATTGATATGACCGATGTCATTGATGATAGTTATAAACAAATCGCCATTGAGGCCGTAGCTGCTTTAGGAGCCAAAATTTGTGGCATTGATTTAATCATTCCTGACAAAGACGTAAAAGGCACACGTGATAGCTTAACGTACGGGATTATCGAAGCAAACTTTAATCCAGCCATGCACATGCATGTGTATCCATACGCTGGACAGGGTAGACGCTTGACAATGGACGTTTTAAAACTTTTATACCCAGAAGTGGTTCAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1663635 UPDATED accession with CP014949.1 UPDATED fmin with 1661364 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Enterococcus faecalis UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1351 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35918 UPDATED accession with AMR95642.1 UPDATED sequence with MNYRELMQKKNVRPYVLMARFGLEKENQRSTREGLLATTDHPTVFGNRSYHPYIQTDFSETQLELITPVANSGTEMLRFLDAIHDVARRSIPEDEMLWPLSMPPQLPTKDEEIKIAKLDQYDAVLYRRYLAKEYGKRKQMVSGIHFNFEYDQALIQQLYDEQSEVTDCKQFKTKVYMKVARNFLRYRWLITYLFGASPVSEDGYFRVYDDQPQEPIRSIRNSTYGYRNHDNVKVSYASLERYLEDIHRMVENGLLSEEKEFYAPVRLRGGKQMSDLPKTGIRYIELRNLDLNPFSRLGIVEDTVDFLHYFMLYLLWTDEKEEADEWVKTGDILNEQVALGHPHETIKLIAEGDRIFSEMIDMLDALGIRKGKEVVGKYYQQLRNPQDTVSGKMWTIIQENSNSELGNIFGNQYQSMAFERPYQLAGFREMELSTQIFLFDAIQKGLEIEILDEQEQFLKLQHGEHIEYVKNANMTSKDNYVVPLIMENKTVTKKILSAAGFHVPGGEEFSSFIEAQEAHLRYANKAFVVKPKSTNYGLGITIFKEGASLEDFTEALRIAFKEDTAVLIEEFLPGTEYRFFVLDNDVKAIMLRVPANVTGDGKHTVEELVAAKNSDPLRGTNHRAPLELIQLNDLEKLMLKEQGLTIYSVPEKEQIVYLRENSNVSTGGDSIDMTDVIDDSYKQIAIEAVAALGAKICGIDLIIPDKDVKGTRDSLTYGIIEANFNPAMHMHVYPYAGQGRRLTMDVLKLLYPEVVQ " 2798 UPDATE AxyZ tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; antibiotic efflux; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; aminoglycoside antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; cefepime; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; penam; triclosan; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 798 UPDATE cmeC penam; carbapenem; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; cefotaxime; acridine dye; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; fusidic acid; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 2144 UPDATE Mycobacterium bovis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol antibiotic target alteration; ethambutol resistant arabinosyltransferase; polyamine antibiotic; ethambutol; ARO_description; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations that occur within Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB gene resulting in resistance to ethambutol UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis AF2122/97 UPDATED model_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB mutations conferring resistance to ethambutol UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis embB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol " 1653 UPDATE AAC(6')-Ip antibiotic inactivation; kanamycin A; aminoglycoside antibiotic; AAC(6'); isepamicin; sisomicin; arbekacin; gentamicin B; netilmicin; amikacin; dibekacin; neomycin; tobramycin; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with AAC(6')-Ip is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and integrons in C. freundii, E. coli, E. faecium and Klebsiella aerogenes UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCTTAAGAAAAGCTTTCTTGATGCTGGAAATGAATCATGGGGAGATATTAAAAATGCTATTGAAGAAGTTGAAGAATGTATAGAACATCCAAATATATGCTTGGGAATATGTCTGGATGATAAACTGATTGGATGGACCGGATTAAGGCCGATGTACGATAAGACCTGGGAACTTCATCCCATGGTTATAAAAACTGAATATCAAGGCAAGGGTTTTGGGAAAGTACTACTAAGAGAACTAGAGACGAGAGCGAAGAGTAGGGGAATTATCGGAATAGCTCTTGGAACTGATGACGAATATCAGAAAACTAGTTTGTCTATGATTGATATAAACGAACGAAATATCTTCGATGAAATCGGGAATATAAAGAACGTTAATAATCATCCATATGAGTTTTATAAGAAATGTGGTTATATGATCGTTGGAATAATCCCTAATGCTAATGGAAAAAGAAAACCAGATATATGGATGTGGCAGATATTAGCTAGGAAGAACAGCCCAACAATCGCTTCAACCTGA UPDATED fmax with 1051 UPDATED accession with Z54241.1 UPDATED fmin with 529 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Citrobacter freundii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 546 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36915 UPDATED accession with CAA91010.1 UPDATED sequence with MLKKSFLDAGNESWGDIKNAIEEVEECIEHPNICLGICLDDKLIGWTGLRPMYDKTWELHPMVIKTEYQGKGFGKVLLRELETRAKSRGIIGIALGTDDEYQKTSLSMIDINERNIFDEIGNIKNVNNHPYEFYKKCGYMIVGIIPNANGKRKPDIWMWQILARKNSPTIAST " 2288 UPDATE Mycobacterium bovis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid isoniazid; antibiotic target alteration; antibiotic resistant ndh; ARO_description; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Mutations in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid. UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2 UPDATED model_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis mutant ndh conferring resistance to isoniazid UPDATED ARO_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid " 1138 UPDATE tet(D) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2141 UPDATE Mycobacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin glycopeptide antibiotic; arbekacin; gentamicin B; tetracycline antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; isepamicin; G418; chlortetracycline; paromomycin; sisomicin; spectinomycin; netilmicin; apramycin; streptothricin; gentamicin C; streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lividomycin B; lividomycin A; nucleoside antibiotic; 16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics; peptide antibiotic; minocycline; hygromycin B; doxycycline; amikacin; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; dibekacin; oxytetracycline; neomycin; kanamycin A; tigecycline; glycylcycline; demeclocycline; astromicin; butirosin; ribostamycin; tetracycline; tobramycin; ARO_description; ARO_name; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutations in the helix 44 region of the 16S rRNA rrsB gene of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis can confer resistance to neomycin UPDATED ARO_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA (rrsB) mutation conferring resistance to neomycin UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MC2 155 UPDATED model_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis 16S rRNA mutation in the rrsB gene conferring resistance to neomycin UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin B UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37045 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000701 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin B is a derivative of lividomycin A with a removed mannose group (demannosyllividomycin A). Livodomycins interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with lividomycin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37044 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000700 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Lividomycin A is a pentasaccharide antibiotic which interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. " 2416 UPDATE abcA penam; peptide antibiotic; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; antibiotic efflux; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; daptomycin; cefotaxime; acridine dye; cephalosporin; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; tetracycline antibiotic; moenomycin A1; methicillin; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with moenomycin A1 UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37041 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000697 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Moenomycin A1 is a major component of moenomycin mixtures. It is produced by Streptomyces ghanaensis, S. bambergiensis, S. ederensis, and S. geysiriensis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 1135 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus parE conferring resistance to aminocoumarin aminocoumarin resistant parE; clorobiocin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; novobiocin; coumermycin A1; antibiotic target alteration; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with Point mutation in Staphylococcus aureus parE resulting in aminocoumarin resistance. Please note: the reference sequence associated with this model corresponds to Staphylococcus aureus MRSA parE, while the SNPs correspond to Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus RN4220 (for which a complete annotated genome does not exist in genbank at present). UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with " 2287 UPDATE Mycobacterium smegmatis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid isoniazid; antibiotic target alteration; antibiotic resistant ndh; ARO_description; model_sequences; model_name; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_description with Mutations in the Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh gene that results in increased resistance to isoniazid. UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCCATCCCGGAGCTACGGCGTCGGATCGGCATAAAGTCGTCATCATCGGTTCGGGTTTCGGTGGTCTCACCGCTGCCAAGACCCTCAAGCGCGCTGACGTCGACGTCAAGCTAATCGCCCGTACCACGCACCACCTCTTCCAGCCGCTGCTCTACCAGGTGGCGACCGGCATCATCTCCGAGGGCGAGATCGCCCCGGCCACTCGAGTGATCCTCCGCAAGCAGAAGAACGCCCAGGTCCTTCTCTGCGATGTGACGCACATCGATCTGGAGAACAAGACCGTGGATTCGGTGCTGCTCGGTCACACCTACTCGACGCCCTACGACAGCCTCATCATCGCCGCGGGCGCGGGTCAGTCCTACTTCGGCAACGACCACTTCGCCGAGTTCGCACCCGGCATGAAGTCGATCGACGATGCGCTGGAGCTGCGCGGTCGCATCCTCGGCGCGTTCGAACAGGCCGAGCGCTCCAGCGACCCGGTGCGCCGCGCGAAGTTGCTGACGTTCACCGTCGTCGGCGCGGGCCCGACCGGCGTCGAGATGGCCGGACAGATCGCCGAATTGGCCGACCAGACTTTGCGGGGCAGCTTCCGCCACATCGATCCCACCGAGGCCCGGGTGATCCTGCTCGACGCCGCACCGGCCGTGCTACCGCCCATGGGCGAGAAGCTCGGCAAGAAGGCGCGGGCCCGTCTGGAGAAGATGGGCGTCGAGGTCCAGCTGGGTGCGATGGTCACCGACGTCGACCGCAACGGCATCACCGTCAAGGATTCCGACGGGACCATCCGTCGCATCGAGTCGGCGTGCAAGGTGTGGTCGGCCGGTGTGTCGGCCAGCCCTCTCGGCAAGGATCTCGCCGAGCAGTCGGGTGTCGAACTCGACCGCGCGGGCCGGGTCAAGGTACAGCCCGACCTGACGCTGCCCGGTCACCCGAACGTGTTCGTCGTGGGCGACATGGCGGCCGTCGAGGGCGTGCCCGGTGTGGCGCAGGGCGCCATCCAGGGTGGCCGCTACGCCGCGAAGATCATCAAGCGTGAGGTCAGTGGCACCAGCCCGAAGATCCGCACGCCGTTCGAGTACTTCGACAAGGGCTCGATGGCGACGGTGTCGCGGTTCTCCGCGGTGGCCAAGGTGGGTCCCGTCGAGTTCGCGGGCTTCTTCGCCTGGTTGTGCTGGCTCGTGCTGCACCTGGTGTACCTGGTCGGGTTCAAGACGAAGATCGTCACACTGCTGTCGTGGGGCGTGACGTTCCTGAGCACCAAGCGTGGTCAGCTCACCATCACCGAGCAGCAGGCCTATGCGCGAACCCGCATCGAGGAGCTCGAGGAGATCGCGGCGGCGGTGCAGGACACCGAGAAAGCCGCGTCCTAG UPDATED fmax with 3685431 UPDATED accession with CP009496.1 UPDATED fmin with 3684057 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1772 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36871 UPDATED accession with AIU22003.1 UPDATED sequence with MSHPGATASDRHKVVIIGSGFGGLTAAKTLKRADVDVKLIARTTHHLFQPLLYQVATGIISEGEIAPATRVILRKQKNAQVLLCDVTHIDLENKTVDSVLLGHTYSTPYDSLIIAAGAGQSYFGNDHFAEFAPGMKSIDDALELRGRILGAFEQAERSSDPVRRAKLLTFTVVGAGPTGVEMAGQIAELADQTLRGSFRHIDPTEARVILLDAAPAVLPPMGEKLGKKARARLEKMGVEVQLGAMVTDVDRNGITVKDSDGTIRRIESACKVWSAGVSASPLGKDLAEQSGVELDRAGRVKVQPDLTLPGHPNVFVVGDMAAVEGVPGVAQGAIQGGRYAAKIIKREVSGTSPKIRTPFEYFDKGSMATVSRFSAVAKVGPVEFAGFFAWLCWLVLHLVYLVGFKTKIVTLLSWGVTFLSTKRGQLTITEQQAYARTRIEELEEIAAAVQDTEKAAS UPDATED model_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis mutant ndh conferring resistance to isoniazid UPDATED ARO_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis ndh with mutation conferring resistance to isoniazid " 245 UPDATE cmlA5 fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2052 UPDATE APH(3'')-Ic antibiotic inactivation; APH(3''); streptomycin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; ARO_description; model_sequences "UPDATED ARO_description with APH(3'')-Ic is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in Mycolicibacterium fortuitum UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium fortuitum " 2793 UPDATE Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to erythromycin antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2835 UPDATE PatA-PatB penam; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; nitroimidazole antibiotic; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; pleuromutilin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; cephalosporin; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. " 2834 UPDATE Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniB with mutation conferring resistance to ethambutol antibiotic efflux; polyamine antibiotic; Ethambutol resistant iniB; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; ethambutol; antibiotic target alteration; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGACCTCGCTTATCGATTACATCCTGAGCCTGTTCCGCAGCGAAGACGCCGCCCGGTCGTTCGTTGCCGCTCCGGGACGGGCCATGACCAGTGCCGGGCTGATCGATATCGCGCCGCACCAAATCTCATCGGTGGCGGCCAATGTGGTGCCGGGTCTGAATCTGGGTGCCGGCGACCCCATGAGCGGATTGCGGCAGGCCGTCGCCGCTCGGCATGGCTTTGCGCAGGACGTCGCCAATGTCGGCTTCGCCGGTGACGCGGGCGCGGGGGTGGCAAGCGTCATCACGACCGATGTCGGTGCGGGCCTGGCTAGCGGACTGGGTGCTGGGTTCCTGGGTCAGGGTGGCCTGGCTCTCGCCGCGTCAAGCGGTGGTTTCGGCGGTCAGGTCGGCTTGGCTGCCCAGGTCGGTCTGGGTTTTACTGCCGTGATTGAGGCCGAGGTCGGCGCTCAGGTTGGTGCTGGGTTAGGTATTGGGACGGGTCTGGGTGCTCAGGCCGGTATGGGCTTTGGCGGCGGGGTTGGCCTGGGTCTGGGTGGTCAGGCCGGCGGTGTGATCGGTGGGAGCGCGGCCGGGGCTATCGGTGCCGGCGTCGGCGGTCGCCTAGGCGGCAATGGCCAGATCGGAGTTGCCGGCCAGGGTGCCGTTGGCGCTGGTGTCGGCGCTGGTGTCGGCGGCCAGGCGGGCATCGCTAGCCAGATCGGTGTCTCAGCCGGTGGTGGGCTCGGCGGCGTCGGCAATGTCAGCGGCCTGACCGGGGTCAGCAGCAACGCAGTGTTGGCTTCCAACGCAAGCGGCCAGGCGGGGTTGATCGCCAGTGAAGGCGCTGCCTTGAACGGCGCTGCTATGCCTCATCTGTCGGGCCCGTTAGCCGGTGTCGGTGTGGGTGGTCAGGCCGGCGCCGCTGGCGGCGCCGGGTTGGGCTTCGGAGCGGTCGGGCACCCGACTCCTCAGCCGGCGGCCCTGGGCGCGGCTGGCGTGGTGGCCAAGACCGAGGCGGCTGCTGGAGTGGTTGGCGGGGTCGGCGGGGCAACCGCGGCCGGGGTCGGCGGGGCACACGGCGACATCCTGGGCCACGAGGGAGCCGCACTGGGCAGTGTCGACACGGTCAACGCCGGTGTCACGCCCGTCGAGCATGGCTTGGTCCTGCCCAGTGGCCCCCTGATCCACGGCGGTACCGGCGGCTATGGCGGCATGAACCCGCCAGTGACCGATGCGCCGGCACCGCAAGTTCCGGCGCGGGCCCAGCCGATGACCACGGCGGCCGAGCACACGCCGGCGGTTACCCAACCGCAGCACACGCCGGTCGAGCCGCCGGTCCACGATAAGCCGCCGAGCCATTCGGTGTTTGACGTCGGTCACGAGCCGCCGGTGACGCACACGCCGCCGGCGCCCATCGAACTGCCGTCGTACGGCCTTTTCGGACTACCCGGGTTCTGA UPDATED fmax with 410801 UPDATED accession with AL123456.3 UPDATED fmin with 409361 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 83332 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39507 UPDATED accession with CCP43071.1 UPDATED sequence with MTSLIDYILSLFRSEDAARSFVAAPGRAMTSAGLIDIAPHQISSVAANVVPGLNLGAGDPMSGLRQAVAARHGFAQDVANVGFAGDAGAGVASVITTDVGAGLASGLGAGFLGQGGLALAASSGGFGGQVGLAAQVGLGFTAVIEAEVGAQVGAGLGIGTGLGAQAGMGFGGGVGLGLGGQAGGVIGGSAAGAIGAGVGGRLGGNGQIGVAGQGAVGAGVGAGVGGQAGIASQIGVSAGGGLGGVGNVSGLTGVSSNAVLASNASGQAGLIASEGAALNGAAMPHLSGPLAGVGVGGQAGAAGGAGLGFGAVGHPTPQPAALGAAGVVAKTEAAAGVVGGVGGATAAGVGGAHGDILGHEGAALGSVDTVNAGVTPVEHGLVLPSGPLIHGGTGGYGGMNPPVTDAPAPQVPARAQPMTTAAEHTPAVTQPQHTPVEPPVHDKPPSHSVFDVGHEPPVTHTPPAPIELPSYGLFGLPGF " 2833 UPDATE Brachyspira hyodysenteriae 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to tylosin antibiotic target alteration; glycopeptide antibiotic; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; florfenicol; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; thiamphenicol; 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; bleomycin B2; bleomycinic acid; bleomycin A2; pristinamycin IIA; pleuromutilin antibiotic; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; azidamfenicol; phenicol antibiotic; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 2832 UPDATE AAC(2')-Ie antibiotic inactivation; AAC(2'); arbekacin; gentamicin B; gentamicin C; amikacin; aminoglycoside antibiotic; tobramycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGATACCCACCACGTACATACCGCCCGCCTGGTTCATACCGCCGATCTCGACGGCGAGACTCTCCGGCGCCTCCAGCAGATGGTCACCGACGCTTTCGCCGGAGACTTCGACGAGACCGACTGGGAACACGCATTGGGCGGGATGCACGCCCTGATCTGGCGGCACGGCACAATCATTGCGCACGCCGCGGTCGTTCAGCGGCGACTATTCTACCACGGCAACGCGTTGCGTTGCGGTTACCTCGAAGGTGTCGCGGTACGGAAGGACTGCCGGGGCCGCGGACTTGTACATGCGCTGCTGGACGCTATCGAGCAAGTGATACGCGGCGCCTATCAATTCGGTGCCTTGAGTTCCTCGGACCGAGCCCGTCGGGTGTATATGTCGCGCGGGTGGTTACCATGGCTCGGCCCGACGTCAGTGCTGGCTCCTACCGGTGTGATCCGTACGCCCGATGATGACGGCTCGGTGTTTGTCCTTCCGGTCGGCATCAACCCGGACACCTCCTCGGGGTTGATGTGCGATTGGCGCGCAGGCAACGTGTGGTAA UPDATED fmax with 40740 UPDATED accession with AL583926.1 UPDATED fmin with 40191 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycobacterium leprae UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1769 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40074 UPDATED accession with CAC32082.1 UPDATED sequence with MDTHHVHTARLVHTADLDGETLRRLQQMVTDAFAGDFDETDWEHALGGMHALIWRHGTIIAHAAVVQRRLFYHGNALRCGYLEGVAVRKDCRGRGLVHALLDAIEQVIRGAYQFGALSSSDRARRVYMSRGWLPWLGPTSVLAPTGVIRTPDDDGSVFVLPVGINPDTSSGLMCDWRAGNVW " 1437 UPDATE AcrF penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; cephamycin; glycylcycline; ciprofloxacin; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 1434 UPDATE Erm(35) antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. " 1435 UPDATE cmlA6 fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; chloramphenicol; phenicol antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2279 UPDATE Listeria monocytogenes mprF peptide antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; defensin resistant mprF; defensin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAGAAAAATTAATGCAAGCCTATGCCTGGTTTCAAAAAAATAGTACCGTCGTAAAAATCGTTTTTATTACTTTTGTGATGGCTTTTGTTATTTTTGAAATTATTAATATTGCGACGGGGATTGACTATCCGTCGCTAAAAGAAAATTTAACTTCTCAAAGCCCGGAACAAATATTTATTATGTTTATCGTGGGCTTAATTGCTGTCACTCCAATGCTTTTGTATGATTATGTCATCGTTAAGTTGTTACCTGGAAAGTTTTCGCCAAGTCATGTGATTGCCTCTGGTTGGATTACGAATACCTTTACTAATATTGGCGGTTTTGGTGGCGTATTAGGTGCCAGTTTAAGAGCAAGTTTTTATGGGAAAAATGCATCTCATAAGGAAATTTTACTAGCTATTTCTAAGATTGCTTTATTTTTAGTATCTGGTTTATCGATTTACTGTTTAGTATCATTAGCCACTTTACTCATTCCAGGATTTGCAGATCATTTTGTTAATTACTGGCCATGGCTTCTTGCGGGTGGTCTTTACTTCCCGATTTTATTTACTATTACGAAATGGAAAAGTAAGTCACTCTTTGTTGATTTACCTATCAAAAGAGAATTAACGTTAATTATCGCTTCTCTTTTGGAGTGGGGCTTCGCTTTTGGATGTTTCGCGATTATCGGTACATTGATGGGAGAACCAGTCGATATTTTCAAAGTGTTCCCGTTATTTGTTATTGCTTCGGTAATTGGGATTGCTTCGATGGTACCTGGTGGAGTAGGGACATTTGACGTCGTGATGATTCTTGGACTTAGCCAATTAGGTGTTTCTCAAGAATTAGCGCTCGCTTGGATGCTATTTTACCGAATTTTCTACTATATTATTCCTTTTGTAGTGGGACTACTTTTCTTCGTCCAAAAAGCTGGTAAAAAAGTAAATGACTTTTTAGAAGGATTACCGTTATTATTCTTACAAAAAGTGGCCCATCGCTTCTTAGTTATTTTTGTTTACGGCTCTGGGTTATTGTTAATTTTGTCTTCCGCCGTACCAAACGCTATTTACCATGTGCCATTCTTATACAAAATTATGCCGTTTAATTTCTTATTCACTTCCCAAATTACCATTGTTGCATTTGGCTTTTTACTACTGGGGCTTGCGAGAGGGATTGAATGTAAAACAAAGAAAGCGTATATTATTACAGTAATTGTTCTAGGTTGCGCGATTTTCAACACACTTGCTCGCGTATTTTCGATGAAGCAGGCAATCTTTTTAGGAATTGTGCTGTTATGTTTATTCTTAGCTCGAAACGAATTTTACCGAGAAAAACTGGTTTATACTTGGAGTAAAGTAATTATTGATAGCATTATTTTCATCGTATGTCTGGCAGGTTACATTGTTATCGGTATTTACAACTCACCAAATATCAAACACTCCAAAGAAATCCCTGACTATTTACGCATTGCCTCAGAGCATTTATGGTTAGTCGGCTTCGTTGGCGTATTTATCGCCGTTGTTAGTTTAGTCATTATTTACATTTATTTATCCACAACAAAAGAAAAACTTGGCTCTCCATTTGAAGCAGTCAAAGTACGCGAACATTTAGCGAAATGGGGCGGAAATGAAGTCAGTCATACGATGTTCTTACGTGATAAACTGCTATTTTGGGCAGCAGAGGGGGAAGTACTTTTCTCTTACCGAATCATTGCGGACAAAATGGTCATCATGGGCGAACCAACTGGGAACATGGACAAAATGGAAGCAGCGATTGAAGAGGTAATGATGAACGCTGATAGATTTGGCTATCGACCTGTTTTCTATGAAGTCCGGGGCACGATGATTCCATATTTACATGATCACGGATTTGACTTTATCAAGCTTGGCGAGGAAGGTTTTGTCGACGTCCAAAACTTTACAATGAGTGGTAAAAAGAAAAAAGGTGAGCGAGCTCTCATGAATAAATTAGAACGAGAAGGTTATACTTTTGAAATAATAGAACCACCATTCAATCACGACACTTGGACAACTTTACGAGCAGTTTCTGATGAGTGGCTAGATGGTAGGGAAGAAAAAGGTTTCTCATTAGGATTCTTCGATACGTATTATCTCGAACAAGCTCCGATTGCTATCGCTAAAAACGGAGAAGGTACTATCGTTGGATTTGCTTCGATGATGCCGTCATATACAGACGAAATGACTTCGATTGATTTAATGCGTTACTCCAAAGAAGCGCCATCAGGTATTATGGATTTCCTTTTCATTAACCTATTCGAAAAAGCCAAAGAAGATGGCTTCCAAACATTTAATGCCGGTATGGCACCACTTGCCAATGTTGGGGAAAGTAAATATGCTTTCCTAGGTGAACGATTAGCCGGACTTGTATACCGTTATAGTCAAGGTTTTTACGGTTTCAAAGGATTACGTAATTTTAAATCCAAATATGTTACAGAATGGGAACAAAAATTTGTTGCCTTTAGAAAAAGAAGTTCCATTGCTTTCACCATGTTACAATTAATGATTCTTGTTGGTAAAAAACGACCACTTGCAAATAGCCAAGTAGTCCTTGATTTCCCACTCGAAGAAGAAACAAAAAAACCAGATTCTGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 8291 UPDATED accession with AL591981.1 UPDATED fmin with 5693 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 169963 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40443 UPDATED accession with CAC99773.1 UPDATED sequence with MKEKLMQAYAWFQKNSTVVKIVFITFVMAFVIFEIINIATGIDYPSLKENLTSQSPEQIFIMFIVGLIAVTPMLLYDYVIVKLLPGKFSPSHVIASGWITNTFTNIGGFGGVLGASLRASFYGKNASHKEILLAISKIALFLVSGLSIYCLVSLATLLIPGFADHFVNYWPWLLAGGLYFPILFTITKWKSKSLFVDLPIKRELTLIIASLLEWGFAFGCFAIIGTLMGEPVDIFKVFPLFVIASVIGIASMVPGGVGTFDVVMILGLSQLGVSQELALAWMLFYRIFYYIIPFVVGLLFFVQKAGKKVNDFLEGLPLLFLQKVAHRFLVIFVYGSGLLLILSSAVPNAIYHVPFLYKIMPFNFLFTSQITIVAFGFLLLGLARGIECKTKKAYIITVIVLGCAIFNTLARVFSMKQAIFLGIVLLCLFLARNEFYREKLVYTWSKVIIDSIIFIVCLAGYIVIGIYNSPNIKHSKEIPDYLRIASEHLWLVGFVGVFIAVVSLVIIYIYLSTTKEKLGSPFEAVKVREHLAKWGGNEVSHTMFLRDKLLFWAAEGEVLFSYRIIADKMVIMGEPTGNMDKMEAAIEEVMMNADRFGYRPVFYEVRGTMIPYLHDHGFDFIKLGEEGFVDVQNFTMSGKKKKGERALMNKLEREGYTFEIIEPPFNHDTWTTLRAVSDEWLDGREEKGFSLGFFDTYYLEQAPIAIAKNGEGTIVGFASMMPSYTDEMTSIDLMRYSKEAPSGIMDFLFINLFEKAKEDGFQTFNAGMAPLANVGESKYAFLGERLAGLVYRYSQGFYGFKGLRNFKSKYVTEWEQKFVAFRKRSSIAFTMLQLMILVGKKRPLANSQVVLDFPLEEETKKPDSE " 2278 UPDATE Bifidobacterium ileS conferring resistance to mupirocin antibiotic resistant isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ileS); antibiotic target alteration; mupirocin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with GTGAGCGAAACCACCAATTCCCACGTGTATCCCAAGGCGAACGAGGGCGGCGAGACCGCCAGCGTCGCGCCGAACCCGAGTTTCCCCAACATGGAGGAAACCGTCCTGAAGTATTGGGACAAGGACGACACCTTCAACAAGTCCGTTGAACGCAACCCTTCCGGCGACCATAGTCAGAACGAGTTCGTGTTCTTCGACGGCCCGCCGTTCGCGAACGGCCTGCCGCACTACGGCCACCTGCTGACCGGTTACGCGAAGGACGTGATCCCGCGCTACCAGACCATGAAGGGCCGCAAGGTCAACCGCGTGTTCGGCTGGGACACGCACGGTCTGCCCGCCGAGCTGGAGGCGCAGAAGGAGCTCGGCATCGACTCGGTCGACCAGATCGAGAAGATGGGCATCGACAAGTTCAATGACGCCTGCCGCGCCTCCGTCCTGAAGTACACGCACGAATGGCAGGATTACGTGCATCGTCAGGCCCGCTGGGTCGACTTCGAGCACGGGTACAAGACGCTGAACATCCCGTATATGGAGTCGGTGATGTGGGCGTTCAAGCAGCTGTACGAGAAGGGCCTGGCGTACCAGGGCTACCGCGTGCTGCCGTACTGCCCGAAGGATCAGACGCCGCTTTCGGCGCACGAGCTGCGCATGGACGCCGACGTGTATCAGGATCGTCAGGACACCACCGTGTCGGTGGCCGTGAAGCTGCGCGACGAGGAGGACGCCTACGCGGTCTTCTGGACCACCACGCCGTGGACCGTGCCCACTAACTTCGCGATCGTCGTCGGCGCTGACATCGACTATGTCGAGGTGCGCCCGACGCAGGGCAAGTACGCCGGCAAGAAGTTCTACTTCGGCAAGCCCCTGCTCTCCAAGTACGAGAAGGAGCTCGGCGAGGATTACGAGGTCGTGCGCGAGCTCAAGGGCTCCGAGATGGCCGGTTGGCGTTACTGGCCGGTGTTCCCGTACTTCGCTGGCGACAAAGCCGAGTCTGAGGGCAACGTGCCGGGGCCCGAAGGCTACCAAATCTTTACCGCGGACTACGTAGACACCGTCGAGGGTACCGGCCTGGTTCACCAGGCTCCCTATGGTGAGGACGATATGAACACGCTGAACGCGCACGGCATCAAGAGCACTGACGTGCTCGACGCCGGCTGCCGCTTCACCGCGCAGTGCCCCGATTACGAGGGCATGTACGTGTTCGACGCGAACAAGCCGATCCTGCGCAACCTGCGCAACGGAGACGGCCCGCTGGCCGAGATCCCGGCCGAGCATCGCGCGATCCTGTTCCAGGAGAAGAGCTATGTGCACTCCTACCCGCATTGCTGGCGTTGCGCCACGCCGCTGATCTACAAGCCTGTGAGCTCATGGTTCGTGTCGGTGACGAAGATCAAGCCGCGCCTGTTGGAGCTCAACCAGCAGATCAACTGGATTCCTGAGAATGTCAAGGATGGTCAGTTCGGTAAGTGGCTCGCCAACGCGCGCGACTGGTCGATCTCCCGCAACCGCTTCTGGGGTTCGCCGATCCCGGTGTGGGTGAGCGATGACCCGAAGTACCCGCGCGTCGACGTGTACGGTTCGTTGGAGGAGCTCAAGGCCGACTTCGGCGACTACCCGCGCGACAAGGACGGCAACGTCAACATGCACCGTCCGTGGATCGACAACCTCACGCGCGTCAACCCGGACGACCCGACCGGCAAGAGCCACATGCACCGTATCAGCGACGTGCTCGACTGCTGGTTCGAATCCGGTTCGATGTCGTTCGCGCAGTTCCACTACCCGTTCGAGAACAAGGAGAAGTTCGAGCAGCACTTCCCGGCCGACTACATTGTCGAATACATCGGCCAGACCCGCGGCTGGTTCTACCTGCTGCACGTGATGGCCACCGCGCTGTTCGACCGCCCGGCGTTCAAGAACGTGATCTGCCACGGCATCGTGCTCGGTTCCGACGGCCAGAAGATGTCGAAGCACCTGCGCAACTACCCGGACGTGAACGGCGTGTTCGACAAGTACGGTTCCGACGCCATGCGCTGGTTCCTTATGTCGTCGCCGATCCTGCGCGGCGGCAACCTCATTGTTACCGCTGAGGGCATCCGCGACACCGTGCGCCAGGTCATGCTGCCGGTGTGGAGCTCCTACTACTTCTTCACGCTGTATGCGAACGCGGCCAATGGCGGGGCCGGCTTCGACGCCCGTCAGCTGCGCGCGGACGAGGTGGCGGGTCTGCCTGAGATGGATCGTTACCTGCTGGCCCGCACCCGCAGGCTCGTAGAGCGTGTAGAGAAGTCGCTCGACGAGTTCGCGATTTCTGACGCGTGCGATGCGGCGAGTGACTTCATCGACGTGCTCACCAACTGGTACATCCGCAACACCCGTGATCGCTTCTGGAAGGAGGACGTGAATGCGTTCAACACGCTGTACACCGTGCTTGAGGTGTTCATGCGCGTTCTCGCGCCGCTCGCCCCGATGGAGTCCGAATCCGTGTGGCGTGGCCTGACCGGCGGCGAATCCGTGCATCTGGCCGATTGGCCGTACGTCGCGGACGAGAAGACCGGTGAGGCGACCGAGCTTGGCCGTGTGCTGGTCGACGACCCGGCACTGGTGGACGCGATGGAGAAGGTGCGCGAGATCGTCTCCGGCGCTCTGTCGTTGCGCAAGGCCGCCCAGATCCGTGTGCGCCAGCCGCTCGCCAAGCTCACCGTCGTGGTCGAGGATGTGGATGCCGTCAAGGCGTACGACGAAATTCTCAAGTCAGAGCTTAATATAAAGGATATTGAGTTCTGCACGATGGAGGATGCCGGTTCGCAGGGGCTGAAGATCGTGCACGAGCTGAAGGTCAACGCCCGCGCCGCCGGCCCGCGCCTCGGCAAGCAGGTCCAGTTCGCCATCAAGGCGTCCAAGACCGGTGCCTGGCATGTCGATGCCGCGACCGGTGCTCCGGTCGTCGAGACGCCGAACGGCGAGGTTGCGCTGGAGGCTGGCGAATACGAGCTAATCAACCGCGTGGAGGAGGAGAACGCCGCCGAGGCCGACGCTTCCGTGTCGGCCGCTCTGCCTACCGGCGGTTTCGTGATTCTCGATACCGTGCTGACCGCCGACCTGGAGGCCGAGGGCTACGCCCGCGACGTGATTCGCGCCGTGCAGGACGCCCGCAAGGCCGCCGACCTGGACATCGCCGATCGCATCGCCCTGGTGCTGACCGTGCCGTCCGCCAATGTGGCCGATGTCGAGCGGTTCCGCGATCTGATCGCCCATGAGACGCTGGCCACCTCCTTCGCGGTGAAGGAAGGTGCCGAGCTGGGCGTGGAGGTCGCCAAGGCGTGA UPDATED fmax with 1613960 UPDATED accession with CP001840.1 UPDATED fmin with 1610636 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 702459 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 40437 UPDATED accession with ADP36409.1 UPDATED sequence with MSETTNSHVYPKANEGGETASVAPNPSFPNMEETVLKYWDKDDTFNKSVERNPSGDHSQNEFVFFDGPPFANGLPHYGHLLTGYAKDVIPRYQTMKGRKVNRVFGWDTHGLPAELEAQKELGIDSVDQIEKMGIDKFNDACRASVLKYTHEWQDYVHRQARWVDFEHGYKTLNIPYMESVMWAFKQLYEKGLAYQGYRVLPYCPKDQTPLSAHELRMDADVYQDRQDTTVSVAVKLRDEEDAYAVFWTTTPWTVPTNFAIVVGADIDYVEVRPTQGKYAGKKFYFGKPLLSKYEKELGEDYEVVRELKGSEMAGWRYWPVFPYFAGDKAESEGNVPGPEGYQIFTADYVDTVEGTGLVHQAPYGEDDMNTLNAHGIKSTDVLDAGCRFTAQCPDYEGMYVFDANKPILRNLRNGDGPLAEIPAEHRAILFQEKSYVHSYPHCWRCATPLIYKPVSSWFVSVTKIKPRLLELNQQINWIPENVKDGQFGKWLANARDWSISRNRFWGSPIPVWVSDDPKYPRVDVYGSLEELKADFGDYPRDKDGNVNMHRPWIDNLTRVNPDDPTGKSHMHRISDVLDCWFESGSMSFAQFHYPFENKEKFEQHFPADYIVEYIGQTRGWFYLLHVMATALFDRPAFKNVICHGIVLGSDGQKMSKHLRNYPDVNGVFDKYGSDAMRWFLMSSPILRGGNLIVTAEGIRDTVRQVMLPVWSSYYFFTLYANAANGGAGFDARQLRADEVAGLPEMDRYLLARTRRLVERVEKSLDEFAISDACDAASDFIDVLTNWYIRNTRDRFWKEDVNAFNTLYTVLEVFMRVLAPLAPMESESVWRGLTGGESVHLADWPYVADEKTGEATELGRVLVDDPALVDAMEKVREIVSGALSLRKAAQIRVRQPLAKLTVVVEDVDAVKAYDEILKSELNIKDIEFCTMEDAGSQGLKIVHELKVNARAAGPRLGKQVQFAIKASKTGAWHVDAATGAPVVETPNGEVALEAGEYELINRVEEENAAEADASVSAALPTGGFVILDTVLTADLEAEGYARDVIRAVQDARKAADLDIADRIALVLTVPSANVADVERFRDLIAHETLATSFAVKEGAELGVEVAKA " 3014 UPDATE IMP-55 penam; antibiotic inactivation; penem; carbapenem; cephalosporin; IMP beta-lactamase; cephamycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAGCAAGTTATCTGTATTCTTTATATTTTTGATTTGCAGCATTGCTACCGCAGCAGAGTCTTTGCCAGATTTAAAAATTGAAAAGCTTGAAGAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTAAAGAAGTTAACGGGTGGGGCGTTGTTCCTAAACATGGTTTGGTGGTTCTTGTAAATGCTGAGGCTTACCTAATTGACACTCCATTTACGGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAGTTAGTCACTTGGTTTGTGGAGCGTGGCTATAAAATAAAAGGCAGCATTTCCTCTCATTTTCATAGCGACAGCACGGGCGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCGATCTATCCCCACGTATGCATCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTGCTTAAAAAAGACGGTAAGGTTCAAGCCACAAATTCATTTAGCGGAGTTAACTATTGGCTAGTTAAAAATAAAATTGAAGTTTTTTATCCAGGCCCGGGACACACTCCAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTGCCTGAAAGGAAAATATTTTTCGGTGGTTGTTTTATTAAACCGTACGGTTTAGGCAAATTGGGTGACGCAAATATAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCCAAATTATTAAAGTCCAAATATGGTAAGGCAAAACTGGTTGTTCCAAGTCACAGTGAAGTTGGAGACGCATCACTCTTGAAACTTACATTAGAGCAGGCGGTTAAAGGGTTAAACGAAAGTAAAAAACCATCAAAACCAAGCAACTAA UPDATED fmax with 741 UPDATED accession with KU299753.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 470 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35507 UPDATED accession with ALT07696.1 UPDATED sequence with MSKLSVFFIFLICSIATAAESLPDLKIEKLEEGVYVHTSFKEVNGWGVVPKHGLVVLVNAEAYLIDTPFTAKDTEKLVTWFVERGYKIKGSISSHFHSDSTGGIEWLNSRSIPTYASELTNELLKKDGKVQATNSFSGVNYWLVKNKIEVFYPGPGHTPDNVVVWLPERKIFFGGCFIKPYGLGKLGDANIEAWPKSAKLLKSKYGKAKLVVPSHSEVGDASLLKLTLEQAVKGLNESKKPSKPSN " 3015 UPDATE IMP-56 penam; antibiotic inactivation; penem; carbapenem; cephalosporin; IMP beta-lactamase; cephamycin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGAAAAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTGTATTCTTCCTTTGCAACATTGCTGCTGCAGATGATTCTTTGCCTGATTTAAAAATTGAGAAGCTTGAAAAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTGAAGAAGTTAAAGGTTGGGGTGTAGTCACAAAACACGGTTTAGTGGTTCTTGTAAAGAATGATGCTTATCTGATAGATACTCCAATTACCGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAATTAGTTAATTGGTTTATTGAGCACGGCTATAGAATCAAAGGCAGTATTTCCACACATTTCCATGGCGACAGTACGGCTGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATCTCCACGTATGCCTCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTTCTAAAAAAAGACAATAAGGTGCAAGCTACAAATTCTTTTAGTGGAGTTAGTTATTCACTTATCAAAAACAAAATTGAAGTTTTCTATCCAGGTCCAGGACACACTCAAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTACCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTCGGTGGTTGCTTTGTTAAACCGGACGGTCTTGGAAATTTAGGGGATGCAAATTTAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCTAAAATATTAATGTCTAAATATGGTAAAGCAAAACTGGTTGTTTCAGGTCATAGTGAAATTGGAAACGCATCACTCTTGCAGCGCACATGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAAGGGTTAAATGAAAGTAAAAAACCGTTACAGCCAAGTAGCTAA UPDATED fmax with 741 UPDATED accession with KU315553.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 287 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36752 UPDATED accession with ALT53802.1 UPDATED sequence with MKKLFVLCVFFLCNIAAADDSLPDLKIEKLEKGVYVHTSFEEVKGWGVVTKHGLVVLVKNDAYLIDTPITAKDTEKLVNWFIEHGYRIKGSISTHFHGDSTAGIEWLNSQSISTYASELTNELLKKDNKVQATNSFSGVSYSLIKNKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFVKPDGLGNLGDANLEAWPKSAKILMSKYGKAKLVVSGHSEIGNASLLQRTWEQAVKGLNESKKPLQPSS " 2066 UPDATE Escherichia coli soxS with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance penem; antibiotic target alteration; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; reduced permeability to antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; ciprofloxacin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; bicyclomycin; peptide antibiotic; nucleoside antibiotic; rifampin; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; triclosan; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; pleuromutilin antibiotic; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; cephamycin; tigecycline; glycylcycline; General Bacterial Porin with reduced permeability to beta-lactams; fosfomycin; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; chloramphenicol; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGTCCCATCAGAAAATTATTCAGGATCTTATCGCATGGATTGACGAGCATATTGACCAGCCGCTTAACATTGATGTAGTCGCAAAAAAATCAGGCTATTCAAAGTGGTACTTGCAACGAATGTTCCGCACGGTGACGCATCAGACGCTTGGCGATTACATTCGCCAACGCCGCCTGTTACTGGCCGCCGTTGAGTTGCGCACCACCGAGCGTCCGATTTTTGATATCGCAATGGACCTGGGTTATGTCTCGCAGCAGACCTTCTCCCGCGTTTTCCGTCGGCAGTTTGATCGCACTCCCAGCGATTATCGCCACCGCCTGTAA UPDATED fmax with 4277383 UPDATED accession with U00096.3 UPDATED fmin with 4277059 UPDATED strand with - UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 511145 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36849 UPDATED accession with AAC77032.1 UPDATED sequence with MSHQKIIQDLIAWIDEHIDQPLNIDVVAKKSGYSKWYLQRMFRTVTHQTLGDYIRQRRLLLAAVELRTTERPIFDIAMDLGYVSQQTFSRVFRRQFDRTPSDYRHRL UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1006 UPDATE tet(V) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_description; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED ARO_description with TetV is a tetracycline efflux protein that has been found in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum. UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MC2 155 UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1005 UPDATE Escherichia coli soxR with mutation conferring antibiotic resistance antibiotic target alteration; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; cephalosporin; cefalotin; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux; ciprofloxacin; peptide antibiotic; nucleoside antibiotic; rifampin; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; ampicillin; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; triclosan; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; pleuromutilin antibiotic; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; tigecycline; glycylcycline; fosfomycin; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; rifamycin antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; chloramphenicol; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with pleuromutilin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37014 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000670 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Pleuromutilins are natural fungal products that target bacterial protein translation by binding the the 23S rRNA, blocking the ribosome P site at the 50S subunit. They are mostly used for agriculture and veterinary purposes. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 2795 UPDATE MCR-3 peptide antibiotic; MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase; antibiotic target alteration; colistin B; colistin A; ARO_name "UPDATED ARO_name with MCR-3.1 " 2370 UPDATE ADC-81 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATCGCAGTACCATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAATATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAACACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAGTTTCCAGATGAAGTACAAACAGACCAACAAGTTTTAACTTTTTTCAAAGACTGGCAACCTAAAAACCCAATCGGTGAATACAGACAATATTCAAATCCAAGTATTGGCCTATTTGGAAAGGTTGTGGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCATTTGGTTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCCCGGCCCACTCGATGCCCCTGCATATGGCGCCCCTGCATATGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGACATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTTAACCCACAGAAATATCCGGCTGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAAGGGTTCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAGGCACTCGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAGGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACCAACGGTTTCGGAACATATGTAGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGCTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGGATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1167 UPDATED accession with KP881241.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 470 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35507 UPDATED accession with ALA14816.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNRSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVQTDQQVLTFFKDWQPKNPIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPALGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDAPAYGAPAYGVKSTLPDMLSFIHANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGFYQVNTMYQALGWEEFSYPATLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMYHKTGSTNGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLDAIKK " 2371 UPDATE ADC-82 antibiotic inactivation; cephalosporin; ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCGATTTAAAAAAATTTCTTGTCTACTTTTATCCCCGCTTTTTATTTTTAGTACCTCAATTTATGCGGGCAATACACCAAAAGACCAAGAAATTAAAAAACTGGTAGATCAAAACTTTAAACCGTTATTAGAAAAATATGATGTGCCAGGTATGGCTGTGGGTGTTATTCAAAATAATAAAAAGTATGAAATGTATTATGGTCTTCAATCTGTTCAAGATAAAAAAGCCGTAAATAGCAGTACTATTTTTGAGCTAGGTTCTGTCAGTAAATTATTTACCGCGACAGCAGGTGGATATGCAAAAAATAAAGGAAAAATCTCTTTTGACGATACGCCTGGTAAGTATTGGAAAGAACTAAAAAATACACCGATTGACCAAGTTAACTTACTTCAACTCGCGACGTATACAAGTGGTAACCTTGCCTTGCAATTTCCAGATGAAGTAAAAACAGATCAGCAAGTTTTAACATTTTTTAAAGACTGGAAACCTAAAAACTCAATCGGTGAATATCGACAATATTCAAACCCAAGCATTGGTTTATTTGGAAAAGTTGTAGCTTTGTCTATGAATAAACCTTTCGACCAAGTCTTAGAAAAAACAATTTTTCCGGCCCTTGGCTTAAAACATAGCTATGTAAATGTACCTAAGACCCAGATGCAAAACTATGCTTTTGGCTATAACCAAGAAAATCAGCCGATTCGAGTTAACCCCGGCCCACTCGATGCCCTAGCATATGGCGTCAAATCGACACTACCCGACATGTTGAGTTTTATTCATGCCAACCTAAATCCACAAAAATATCCAGCAGATATTCAACGGGCAATTAATGAAACACATCAGGGTCGCTATCAAGTAAATACCATGTATCAGGCACTCGGTTGGGAAGAGTTTTCTTATCCGGCAACGTTACAAACTTTATTAGACAGTAATTCAGAACAGATTGTGATGAAACCTAATAAAGTGACTGCTATTTCAAAGGAACCTTCAGTTAAGATGTACCATAAAACTGGCTCAACTACCGGTTTCGGAACATATGTGGTGTTTATTCCTAAAGAAAATATTGGTTTAGTCATGTTAACCAATAAACGTATTCCAAATGAAGAGCGCATTAAGGCAGCTTATGCTGTGCTGAATGCAATAAAGAAATAA UPDATED fmax with 1531 UPDATED accession with JEXY01000001.1 UPDATED fmin with 379 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Acinetobacter baumannii 1552865 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1310679 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 42628 UPDATED accession with EXE65374.1 UPDATED sequence with MRFKKISCLLLSPLFIFSTSIYAGNTPKDQEIKKLVDQNFKPLLEKYDVPGMAVGVIQNNKKYEMYYGLQSVQDKKAVNSSTIFELGSVSKLFTATAGGYAKNKGKISFDDTPGKYWKELKNTPIDQVNLLQLATYTSGNLALQFPDEVKTDQQVLTFFKDWKPKNSIGEYRQYSNPSIGLFGKVVALSMNKPFDQVLEKTIFPALGLKHSYVNVPKTQMQNYAFGYNQENQPIRVNPGPLDALAYGVKSTLPDMLSFIHANLNPQKYPADIQRAINETHQGRYQVNTMYQALGWEEFSYPATLQTLLDSNSEQIVMKPNKVTAISKEPSVKMYHKTGSTTGFGTYVVFIPKENIGLVMLTNKRIPNEERIKAAYAVLNAIKK " 1001 UPDATE Staphylococcus aureus mprF with mutation conferring resistance to daptomycin peptide antibiotic; antibiotic target alteration; daptomycin; daptomycin resistant mprF; model_param "DELETED 2204 UPDATED 8711 with F57S DELETED 2204 UPDATED 8711 with F57S " 458 UPDATE tet(B) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with isoniazid UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36659 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000520 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria. UPDATED category_aro_name with nucleoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36174 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000034 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group. UPDATED category_aro_name with bicyclomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35972 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000055 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Bicyclomycin represents a unique class of antibiotics, discovered in 1972. It is obtained by the fermentation of Streptomyces sapporonensis. In the crystalline form bicyclomycin is observed to be rhombic or monoclinic, depending on the solvent used. This antibiotic kills bacteria by inhibiting the Rho transcription terminator factor, halting ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with rifamycin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36296 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000157 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with peptide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36192 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000053 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with cephalosporin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35951 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000032 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with fosfomycin UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35944 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000025 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with benzalkonium chloride UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40514 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003823 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Benzalkonium chloride is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt called a quaternary ammonium compound. It has three main categories of use: as a biocide, a cationic surfactant, and as a phase transfer agent. UPDATED category_aro_name with nitroimidazole antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 41239 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3004115 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Nitroimidazoles are a group of drugs that have both antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity, classified with respect to the location of the nitro functional group. UPDATED category_aro_name with oxazolidinone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36218 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000079 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's. They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with rhodamine UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40518 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003827 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Rhodamine is a flurone dye that is often used as a tracer due to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. It permeates the cell membrane of gram negative organisms E. coli and P. aeruginosa. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. UPDATED category_aro_name with lincosamide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35936 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000017 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides. " 1226 UPDATE adeG penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 621 UPDATE ErmF antibiotic target alteration; virginiamycin S2; vernamycin C; vernamycin B-gamma; patricin A; oleandomycin; ostreogrycin B3; macrolide antibiotic; telithromycin; tylosin; lincosamide antibiotic; dirithromycin; clarithromycin; clindamycin; dalfopristin; pristinamycin IB; quinupristin; pristinamycin IA; Erm 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase; pristinamycin IIA; madumycin II; griseoviridin; lincomycin; streptogramin antibiotic; roxithromycin; spiramycin; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category; model_param "UPDATED category_aro_name with patricin A UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37024 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000680 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_description with Patricin A is a streptogramin B antibiotic. UPDATED param_value with 500 " 627 UPDATE Escherichia coli rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin rifampin; rifapentine; rifabutin; peptide antibiotic; rifamycin-resistant beta-subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB); antibiotic target replacement; antibiotic target alteration; rifamycin antibiotic; rifaximin; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGGTTTACTCCTATACCGAGAAAAAACGTATTCGTAAGGATTTTGGTAAACGTCCACAAGTTCTGGATGTACCTTATCTCCTTTCTATCCAGCTTGACTCGTTTCAGAAATTTATCGAGCAAGATCCTGAAGGGCAGTATGGTCTGGAAGCTGCTTTCCGTTCCGTATTCCCGATTCAGAGCTACAGCGGTAATTCCGAGCTGCAATACGTCAGCTACCGCCTTGGCGAACCGGTGTTTGACGTCCAGGAATGTCAAATCCGTGGCGTGACCTATTCCGCACCGCTGCGCGTTAAACTGCGTCTGGTGATCTATGAGCGCGAAGCGCCGGAAGGCACCGTAAAAGACATTAAAGAACAAGAAGTCTACATGGGCGAAATTCCGCTCATGACAGACAACGGTACCTTTGTTATCAACGGTACTGAGCGTGTTATCGTTTCCCAGCTGCACCGTAGTCCGGGCGTCTTCTTTGACTCCGACAAAGGTAAAACCCACTCTTCGGGTAAAGTGCTGTATAACGCGCGCATCATCCCTTACCGTGGTTCCTGGCTGGACTTCGAATTCGATCCGAAGGACAACCTGTTCGTACGTATCGACCGTCGCCGTAAACTGCCTGCGACCATCATTCTGCGTGCCCTGAACTACACCACAGAGCAGATCCTCGACCTGTTCTTTGAAAAAGTTATCTTTGAAATCCGTGATAACAAGCTGCAGATGGAACTGGTGCCGGAACGCCTGCGTGGTGAAACCGCATCCTTTGACATCGAAGCTAACGGTAAAGTGTACGTAGAAAAAGGCCGCCGTATCACTGCGCGCCACATTCGCCAGCTGGAAAAAGACGACGTCAAACTGATCGAAGTCCCGGTTGAGTACATCGCAGGTAAAGTGGTTGCTAAAGACTATATTGATGAGTCTACCGGCGAGCTGATCTGCGCAGCGAACATGGAGCTGAGCCTGGATCTGCTGGCTAAGCTGAGCCAGTCTGGTCACAAGCGTATCGAAACGCTGTTCACCAATGATCTGGATCACGGCCCGTATATCTCTGAAACCTTACGTGTCGACCCAACTAACGACCGTCTGAGCGCACTGGTAGAAATCTACCGCATGATGCGCCCTGGCGAGCCGCCGACTCGTGAAGCAGCGGAAAGCCTGTTCGAGAACCTGTTCTTCTCCGAAGACCGTTATGACCTGTCTGCGGTTGGTCGTATGAAGTTCAACCGTTCTCTGCTGCGCGAAGAAATCGAAGGTTCTGGTATCCTGAGCAAAGACGACATCATTGATGTTATGAAAAAGCTCATCGATATCCGTAACGGTAAAGGCGAAGTCGATGATATCGACCACCTCGGCAACCGTCGTATCCGTTCCGTTGGCGAAATGGCGGAAAACCAGTTCCGCGTTGGCCTGGTACGTGTAGAGCGTGCGGTGAAAGAGCGTCTGTCTCTGGGCGATCTGGATACCCTGATGCCTCAGGATATGATCAACGCCAAGCCGATTTCCGCAGCAGTGAAAGAGTTCTTCGGTTCCAGCCAGCTGTCTCAGTTTATGGACCAGAACAACCCGCTGTCTGAGATTACGCACAAACGTCGTATCTCCGCACTCGGCCCAGGCGGTCTGACCCGTGAACGTGCAGGCTTCGAAGTTCGAGACGTACACCCGACTCACTACGGTCGCGTATGTCCAATCGAAACCCCTGAAGGTCCGAACATCGGTCTGATCAACTCTCTGTCCGTGTACGCACAGACTAACGAATACGGCTTCCTTGAGACTCCGTATCGTAAAGTGACTGACGGTGTTGTAACTGACGAAATTCACTACCTGTCTGCTATCGAAGAAGGCAACTACGTTATCGCCCAGGCGAACTCCAACCTGGATGAAGAAGGCCACTTCGTAGAAGACCTGGTAACCTGCCGTAGCAAAGGCGAATCCAGCTTGTTCAGCCGTGACCAGGTTGACTACATGGACGTATCCACCCAGCAGGTGGTATCCGTCGGTGCGTCCCTGATCCCGTTCCTGGAACACGATGACGCCAACCGTGCATTGATGGGTGCGAACATGCAACGTCAGGCCGTTCCGACTCTGCGTGCTGATAAGCCGCTGGTTGGTACTGGTATGGAACGTGCTGTTGCCGTTGACTCCGGTGTAACTGCGGTTGCTAAACGTGGTGGTGTCGTTCAGTACGTGGATGCTTCCCGTATCGTTATCAAAGTTAACGAAGACGAGATGTATCCGGGTGAAGCAGGTATCGACATCTACAACCTGACCAAATACACCCGTTCTAACCAGAACACCTGTATTAACCAGATGCCGTGTGTGTCTCTGGGTGAACCGGTTGAACGTGGCGACGTGCTGGCAGACGGTCCGTCCACCGACCTCGGTGAACTGGCGCTTGGTCAGAACATGCGCGTAGCGTTCATGCCGTGGAATGGTTACAACTTCGAAGACTCCATCCTCGTATCCGAGCGTGTTGTTCAGGAAGACCGTTTCACCACCATCCACATTCAGGAACTGGCGTGTGTGTCCCGTGACACCAAGCTGGGGCCAGAAGAGATCACCGCTGACATCCCGAACGTGGGTGAAGCTGCGCTCTCCAAACTGGATGAATCCGGTATCGTTTATATTGGTGCGGAAGTGACCGGTGGCGACATTCTGGTTGGTAAGGTTACGCCGAAAGGTGAAACTCAGCTGACCCCAGAAGAAAAACTGCTGCGTGCGATCTTCGGTGAGAAAGCGTCTGACGTTAAAGACTCTTCTCTGCGCGTACCAAACGGTGTATCCGGTACGGTTATCGACGTTCAGGTCTTTACTCGCGATGGCGTAGAAAAAGACAAACGTGCGCTGGAAATCGAAGAAATGCAGCTCAAACAGGCGAAGAAAGACCTGTCTGAAGAACTGCAGATCCTCGAAGCGGGTCTGTTCAGCCGTATCCGTGCTGTGCTGGTAGCCGGTGGCGTTGAAGCTGAGAAGCTCGACAAATTGCCGCGCGATCGCTGGCTGGAGCTGGGCCTGACCGACGAAGAGAAACAAAATCAGCTGGAACAGCTGGCTGAGCAGTATGACGAACTGAAACACGAGTTCGAGAAGAAACTCGAAGCGAAACGCCGCAAAATCACCCAGGGCGACGATCTGGCACCGGGCGTGCTGAAGATTGTTAAGGTATATCTGGCGGTTAAACGCCGTATCCAGCCTGGTGACAAGATGGCAGGTCGTCACGGTAACAAGGGTGTAATTTCTAAGATCAACCCGATCGAAGATATGCCTTACGATGAAAACGGTACGCCGGTAGACATCGTACTGAACCCGCTGGGCGTACCGTCTCGTATGAACATCGGTCAGATCCTCGAAACCCACTTGGGTATGGCTGCGAAAGGTATCGGCGACAAGATCAACGCCATGCTGAAACAGCAGCAGGAAGTCGCGAAACTGCGTGAATTCATCCAGCGTGCGTACGATCTGGGCGCTGACGTTCGTCAGAAAGTTGACCTGAGTACCTTCAGCGATGAAGAAGTTATGCGTCTGGCTGAAAACCTGCGCAAAGGTATGCCAATCGCAACGCCGGTGTTCGACGGTGCGAAAGAAGCAGAAATTAAAGAGCTGCTGAAACTTGGCGACCTGCCGACTTCTGGTCAGATCCGCCTGTACGACGGCCGCACTGGTGAACAGTTCGAACGTCCGGTAACCGTTGGTTACATGTACATGCTGAAACTGAACCACCTGGTCGACGACAAGATGCACGCGCGTTCCACCGGTTCTTACAGCCTGGTTACTCAGCAGCCGCTGGGTGGTAAGGCACAGTTCGGTGGTCAGCGTTTCGGGGAGATGGAAGTGTGGGCGCTGGAAGCATACGGCGCAGCATACACCCTGCAGGAAATGCTCACCGTTAAGTCTGATGACGTGAACGGTCGTACTAAGATGTATAAAAACATCGTGGACGGCAACCATCAGATGGAGCCGGGCATGCCAGAATCCTTCAACGTATTGTTGAAAGAGATTCGTTCGCTGGGTATCAACATCGAACTGGAAGACGAGTAA UPDATED fmax with 4994296 UPDATED accession with BA000007.3 UPDATED fmin with 4990267 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 386585 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36747 UPDATED accession with BAB38333.1 UPDATED sequence with MVYSYTEKKRIRKDFGKRPQVLDVPYLLSIQLDSFQKFIEQDPEGQYGLEAAFRSVFPIQSYSGNSELQYVSYRLGEPVFDVQECQIRGVTYSAPLRVKLRLVIYEREAPEGTVKDIKEQEVYMGEIPLMTDNGTFVINGTERVIVSQLHRSPGVFFDSDKGKTHSSGKVLYNARIIPYRGSWLDFEFDPKDNLFVRIDRRRKLPATIILRALNYTTEQILDLFFEKVIFEIRDNKLQMELVPERLRGETASFDIEANGKVYVEKGRRITARHIRQLEKDDVKLIEVPVEYIAGKVVAKDYIDESTGELICAANMELSLDLLAKLSQSGHKRIETLFTNDLDHGPYISETLRVDPTNDRLSALVEIYRMMRPGEPPTREAAESLFENLFFSEDRYDLSAVGRMKFNRSLLREEIEGSGILSKDDIIDVMKKLIDIRNGKGEVDDIDHLGNRRIRSVGEMAENQFRVGLVRVERAVKERLSLGDLDTLMPQDMINAKPISAAVKEFFGSSQLSQFMDQNNPLSEITHKRRISALGPGGLTRERAGFEVRDVHPTHYGRVCPIETPEGPNIGLINSLSVYAQTNEYGFLETPYRKVTDGVVTDEIHYLSAIEEGNYVIAQANSNLDEEGHFVEDLVTCRSKGESSLFSRDQVDYMDVSTQQVVSVGASLIPFLEHDDANRALMGANMQRQAVPTLRADKPLVGTGMERAVAVDSGVTAVAKRGGVVQYVDASRIVIKVNEDEMYPGEAGIDIYNLTKYTRSNQNTCINQMPCVSLGEPVERGDVLADGPSTDLGELALGQNMRVAFMPWNGYNFEDSILVSERVVQEDRFTTIHIQELACVSRDTKLGPEEITADIPNVGEAALSKLDESGIVYIGAEVTGGDILVGKVTPKGETQLTPEEKLLRAIFGEKASDVKDSSLRVPNGVSGTVIDVQVFTRDGVEKDKRALEIEEMQLKQAKKDLSEELQILEAGLFSRIRAVLVAGGVEAEKLDKLPRDRWLELGLTDEEKQNQLEQLAEQYDELKHEFEKKLEAKRRKITQGDDLAPGVLKIVKVYLAVKRRIQPGDKMAGRHGNKGVISKINPIEDMPYDENGTPVDIVLNPLGVPSRMNIGQILETHLGMAAKGIGDKINAMLKQQQEVAKLREFIQRAYDLGADVRQKVDLSTFSDEEVMRLAENLRKGMPIATPVFDGAKEAEIKELLKLGDLPTSGQIRLYDGRTGEQFERPVTVGYMYMLKLNHLVDDKMHARSTGSYSLVTQQPLGGKAQFGGQRFGEMEVWALEAYGAAYTLQEMLTVKSDDVNGRTKMYKNIVDGNHQMEPGMPESFNVLLKEIRSLGINIELEDE " 1222 UPDATE FosA fosfomycin; fosfomycin thiol transferase; antibiotic inactivation; model_sequences "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCTTACCGGTCTCAATCACCTGACCCTGGCGGTCGCCGACCTGCCGGCCAGCATCGCCTTCTACCGCGATCTTCTCGGCTTTCGCCTGGAAGCGCGCTGGGACCAGGGCGCCTATCTCGAACTGGGTTCGCTGTGGCTGTGCCTGTCCCGGGAGCCGCAGTACGGCGGGCCGGCCGCGGACTACACGCACTACGCCTTCGGCATCGCCGCCGCGGATTTCGCCCGCTTCGCCGCGCAGCTGCGCGCGCATGGCGTGCGCGAATGGAAGCAGAACCGCAGCGAGGGCGATTCGTTCTACTTCCTCGACCCGGACGGCCATCGCCTGGAGGCCCACGTCGGCGACCTGCGCAGCCGGCTCGCGGCGTGCCGGCAAGCGCCCTATGCGGGAATGCGTTTCGCCGACTAG UPDATED fmax with 1222098 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 1221690 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG04518.1 UPDATED sequence with MLTGLNHLTLAVADLPASIAFYRDLLGFRLEARWDQGAYLELGSLWLCLSREPQYGGPAADYTHYAFGIAAADFARFAAQLRAHGVREWKQNRSEGDSFYFLDPDGHRLEAHVGDLRSRLAACRQAPYAGMRFAD " 1340 UPDATE mtrC penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; penicillin; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; erythromycin; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTATTTCGCTTCAGAAGCAGGTTTGGCTTCAGATGCCGTCTGAACGCCGGATTGAGGCGCGGCGGCTTGGTTTTCAGACGACGCCCATTCTTTGGGCGTTACCTTTTTCGCACCCGTTATACCGGCGATACTGATGCCTTCCACAACCACCTTGTCCCCGTCCTTCAGACCCGACGTAACAATCCAATTCGTACCCTGCTGTTGCGCAACCGTTACCTCGCGGGGTTCCATACCGCCTTGGGCATTCACAATCATCACGGTATCTTTCGCACCGCGCGTTACCGCCTGCTGCGGCACAACAAATGCGTTATCCACCGCCACTTGGTCCATCAGCACGCGCACATACAGACCGGGCATCAAGATATTCTGATCGTTCGGTACGGCGGCGCGCAGGGTAATCTGACCGGTCGATTCGTTGACGGCCGGATCGGCAAACAGCAGGCGGCCTTTTTCAGGGTAAACTGTGCCGTCGTCAAATTTGATGCCGACCGCAATCACACCATCCGCCGCCAGCAGTTTGCCTTCGGCTATCTGACGGCGCAATTTCATCACTTCGGATGCAGACTGGGTAACGTTCACATACATCGGATTGGTTTGGCGGATGGTCGCCAGTACGGTCGCATCGCCAGCGTTCAGCAACGTACCTTCGGAAACTTTGGACTGACCGATAAAGCCGGAAATCGGCGCGGTAATGCGCGAACGGTTCAGGCTGATGCCGGCGGATTTGATTGCCGCCTGCGCCGCTTTAACGCCTGCCTCGGCAGAACGTTTCGCCGTTACCGCAGCATCGTATTCCTGCCGGCTGACGGCTTCGGCGGCAACCAAAGGCTTGTATCGCGCCAAATCCGCATCCGCTTTGGCAAGCGTTGCCTGAGCCGTTGCCAGTTGCGCGCGCGCGCTTTCCAGACCTGCTTCATAAGTGGAACTGTCGATCTGATACAGCGGCTGTCCGGCACGGACATAACTGCCTTCTTGGAACAGGCGTTTTTGGATGATGCCGCCGACTTGGGCGCGGACATCGGCGGTACGCAGCGATTCCAAACGCCCCGGCAACTCGACGGTCAATGCGACGGTTTGCGGATGGACGGTTACGACACCGACGACGGGCGCAGGGGCTTCCCGACCAGCAGGCTGCCCGCCCTGCGCCGCGTCTCCGCCTTTACCGCAAGACGACAGTACCAATGCAACGGCGGCAGCCAACGCGGCCGCACGCATCGCCTTAAAAGCATAAAAAGCCAT UPDATED fmax with 1796420 UPDATED accession with AE002098.2 UPDATED fmin with 1795181 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Neisseria meningitidis MC58 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 122586 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 39597 UPDATED accession with AAF42063.1 UPDATED sequence with MAFYAFKAMRAAALAAAVALVLSSCGKGGDAAQGGQPAGREAPAPVVGVVTVHPQTVALTVELPGRLESLRTADVRAQVGGIIQKRLFQEGSYVRAGQPLYQIDSSTYEAGLESARAQLATAQATLAKADADLARYKPLVAAEAVSRQEYDAAVTAKRSAEAGVKAAQAAIKSAGISLNRSRITAPISGFIGQSKVSEGTLLNAGDATVLATIRQTNPMYVNVTQSASEVMKLRRQIAEGKLLAADGVIAVGIKFDDGTVYPEKGRLLFADPAVNESTGQITLRAAVPNDQNILMPGLYVRVLMDQVAVDNAFVVPQQAVTRGAKDTVMIVNAQGGMEPREVTVAQQQGTNWIVTSGLKDGDKVVVEGISIAGITGAKKVTPKEWASSENQAAAPQSGVQTASEAKPASEAK UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 453 UPDATE mtrE penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; penicillin; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; azithromycin; erythromycin; ARO_category "UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with acridine dye UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36193 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000054 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Acridine dyes are cell permeable, basic molecules with an acridine chromophore. These compounds intercalate DNA. The image shown represents the core structure of the acridine family, with specific dyes containing varying substituents. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with tetracycline antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36189 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000050 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with fluoroquinolone antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35920 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000001 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 1344 UPDATE MexH penam; antibiotic efflux; triclosan; resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; norfloxacin; aminocoumarin antibiotic; macrolide antibiotic; carbapenem; acridine dye; antibacterial free fatty acids; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; acriflavine; glycylcycline; tetracycline antibiotic; monobactam; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; aminoglycoside antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with ATGCAGAAACCCGTCCTGATCGCCAGTGCCGCGCTCATCTGCGCGGCGGTTATCGGCATCGCCGTCTACGCCACCGGCTCGGCGAAGAAAGACGCCGGCGGTTTCGCCGGCTACCCGCCGGTGAAGGTCGCCCTCGCCTCGGTGGAGCGGCGGGTGGTGCCGCGCGTCTTCGATGGCGTCGGCGAGCTGGAGGCCGGTCGCCAGGTCCAGGTGGCCGCCGAAGCGGCAGGACGGATCACCCGCATCGCCTTCGAATCGGGCCAGCAGGTGCAGCAAGGGCAGTTGCTGGTGCAACTCAACGACGCGGTGGAACAGGCCGAGCTGATCCGTCTCAAGGCGCAGTTGCGCAATGCCGAGATCCTCCATGCCCGTGCGCGCAAGCTGGTAGAGCGCAACGTCGCCTCGCAGGAACAGCTGGACAACGCCGTCGCCGCCCGCGACATGGCGCTCGGCGCGGTGCGCCAGACCCAGGCGCTGATCGACCAGAAGGCGATCCGCGCGCCCTTCTCCGGCCAGCTCGGCATCCGCCGCGTGCACCTCGGCCAGTACCTCGGCGTCGCCGAGCCGGTGGCCAGCCTGGTGGATGCGCGGACCCTGAAAAGCAATTTCTCCCTGGACGAAAGCACCAGTCCCGAGCTGAAGCTCGGCCAGCCCCTCGAGGTCCTGGTCGACGCCTATCCGGGGCGCAGCTTCCCGGCGCGCATCAGCGCCATCGACCCGCTGATCGGCAAGTCGCGCACGGTGCAGGTCCAGGCCTTGCTGGACAACCCCGAAGGCCTGCTCGCCGCCGGCATGTTCGCCAGCATCCGGGTCTCGCGCAAAGCCGACGCGCCGTCGCTGAGCGTGCCGGAAACCGCGGTCACCTATACCGCCTACGGCGACACCGTGTTCGTCGCCCACCAGGACGGCGACCGGCCGCTCAGCGCCAAGCGCGTCTCGGTGCGGATCGGCGAGCGCTGGGACGGTCGCGTGGAAATCCTCCAGGGCCTCGCCGAGGGCGACCGGGTAGTGACTTCCGGACAGATCAACCTGAGCGACGGGATGGCCGTGGAACCGGTCAAGGAAGACACCCTGAGCAGTGCCGCGCCCCCCGTGCCGGTCGCCGGCCGCTGA UPDATED fmax with 4707522 UPDATED accession with AE004091.2 UPDATED fmin with 4706409 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 208964 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 36804 UPDATED accession with AAG07593.1 UPDATED sequence with MQKPVLIASAALICAAVIGIAVYATGSAKKDAGGFAGYPPVKVALASVERRVVPRVFDGVGELEAGRQVQVAAEAAGRITRIAFESGQQVQQGQLLVQLNDAVEQAELIRLKAQLRNAEILHARARKLVERNVASQEQLDNAVAARDMALGAVRQTQALIDQKAIRAPFSGQLGIRRVHLGQYLGVAEPVASLVDARTLKSNFSLDESTSPELKLGQPLEVLVDAYPGRSFPARISAIDPLIGKSRTVQVQALLDNPEGLLAAGMFASIRVSRKADAPSLSVPETAVTYTAYGDTVFVAHQDGDRPLSAKRVSVRIGERWDGRVEILQGLAEGDRVVTSGQINLSDGMAVEPVKEDTLSSAAPPVPVAGR UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with triclosan UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 37250 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000870 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Triclosan is a common antibacterial agent added to many consumer products as a biocide. It is an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis by blocking enoyl-carrier protein reductase (FabI). UPDATED category_aro_name with aminocoumarin antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36242 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000103 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminocoumarin antibiotics bind DNA gyrase subunit B to inhibit ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling. UPDATED category_aro_name with macrolide antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35919 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000000 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins. UPDATED category_aro_name with carbapenem UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35939 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000020 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with antibacterial free fatty acids UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 40727 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3003956 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Amongst the diverse and potent biological activities of free fatty acids (FFAs) is the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The antibacterial properties of FFAs are used by many organisms to defend against parasitic or pathogenic bacteria. The prime target of FFA action is the cell membrane, where FFAs disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides interfering with cellular energy production, FFA action may also result from the inhibition of enzyme activity, impairment of nutrient uptake, generation of peroxidation and auto-oxidation degradation products or direct lysis of bacterial cells. UPDATED category_aro_name with diaminopyrimidine antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36310 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000171 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups. They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis. UPDATED category_aro_name with glycylcycline UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35960 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000042 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA. UPDATED category_aro_name with monobactam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35923 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000004 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. UPDATED category_aro_name with aminoglycoside antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 35935 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 0000016 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. UPDATED category_aro_name with phenicol antibiotic UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36526 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000387 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome. " 1345 UPDATE tet(K) fosfomycin; benzalkonium chloride; tetracycline antibiotic; rhodamine; antibiotic efflux; major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump; macrolide antibiotic; cephalosporin; antibacterial free fatty acids; bicyclomycin; nitroimidazole antibiotic; lincosamide antibiotic; peptide antibiotic; acridine dye; diaminopyrimidine antibiotic; oxazolidinone antibiotic; penam; isoniazid; efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance; glycylcycline; nucleoside antibiotic; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; phenicol antibiotic; tetracycline; rifamycin antibiotic; model_sequences; ARO_category "UPDATED partial with 0 UPDATED sequence with TTGTTTAGTTTATATAAAAAATTTAAAGGTTTGTTTTATAGCGTTTTATTTTGGCTTTGTATTCTTTCATTTTTTAGTGTATTAAATGAAATGGTTTTAAATGTTTCTTTACCTGATATTGCAAATCATTTTAATACTACTCCTGGAATTACAAACTGGGTAAACACTGCATATATGTTAACTTTTTCGATAGGAACAGCAGTATATGGAAAATTATCTGATTATATAAATATAAAAAAATTGTTAATTATTGGTATTAGTTTGAGCTGTCTTGGTTCATTGATTGCTTTTATTGGTCACAATCACTTTTTTATTTTGATTTTTGGTAGGTTAGTACAAGGAGTAGGATCTGCTGCATTCCCTTCACTGATTATGGTGGTTGTAGCTAGAAATATTACAAGAAAAAAACAAGGCAAAGCCTTTGGTTTTATAGGATCAATTGTAGCTTTAGGTGAAGGGTTAGGTCCTTCAATAGGGGGAATAATAGCACATTATATTCATTGGTCTTACCTACTTATACTTCCTATGATTACAATAGTAACTATACCTTTTCTTATTAAAGTAATGGTACCTGGTAAATCAACAAAAAATACATTAGATATCGTAGGTATTGTTTTAATGTCTATAAGTATTATATGTTTTATGTTATTTACGACAAATTATAATTGGACTTTTTTAATACTCTTCACAATCTTTTTTGTGATTTTTATTAAACATATTTCAAGAGTTTCTAACCCTTTTATTAATCCTAAACTAGGGAAAAACATTCCGTTTATGCTTGGTTTGTTTTCTGGTGGGCTAATATTTTCTATAGTAGCTGGTTTTATATCAATGGTGCCTTATATGATGAAAACTATTTATCATGTAAATGTAGCGACAATAGGTAATAGTGTTATTTTTCCTGGAACCATGAGTGTTATTGTTTTTGGTTATTTTGGTGGTTTTTTAGTGGATAGAAAAGGATCATTATTTGTTTTTATTTTAGGATCATTGTCTATCTCTATAAGTTTTTTAACTATTGCATTTTTTGTTGAGTTTAGTATGTGGTTGACTACTTTTATGTTTATATTTGTTATGGGCGGATTATCTTTTACTAAAACAGTTATATCAAAAATAGTATCAAGTAGTCTTTCTGAAGAAGAAGTTGCTTCTGGAATGAGTTTGCTAAATTTCACAAGTTTTTTATCAGAGGGAACAGGTATAGCAATTGTAGGAGGTTTATTGTCACTACAATTGATTAATCGTAAACTAGTTCTGGAATTTATAAATTATTCTTCTGGAGTGTATAGTAATATTCTTGTAGCCATGGCTATCCTTATTATTTTATGTTGTCTTTTGACGATTATTGTATTTAAACGTTCTGAAAAGCAGTTTGAATAG UPDATED fmax with 1380 UPDATED accession with S67449.1 UPDATED fmin with 0 UPDATED strand with + UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_name with Staphylococcus aureus UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_id with 1280 UPDATED NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id with 35508 UPDATED accession with AAB28795.1 UPDATED sequence with MFSLYKKFKGLFYSVLFWLCILSFFSVLNEMVLNVSLPDIANHFNTTPGITNWVNTAYMLTFSIGTAVYGKLSDYINIKKLLIIGISLSCLGSLIAFIGHNHFFILIFGRLVQGVGSAAFPSLIMVVVARNITRKKQGKAFGFIGSIVALGEGLGPSIGGIIAHYIHWSYLLILPMITIVTIPFLIKVMVPGKSTKNTLDIVGIVLMSISIICFMLFTTNYNWTFLILFTIFFVIFIKHISRVSNPFINPKLGKNIPFMLGLFSGGLIFSIVAGFISMVPYMMKTIYHVNVATIGNSVIFPGTMSVIVFGYFGGFLVDRKGSLFVFILGSLSISISFLTIAFFVEFSMWLTTFMFIFVMGGLSFTKTVISKIVSSSLSEEEVASGMSLLNFTSFLSEGTGIAIVGGLLSLQLINRKLVLEFINYSSGVYSNILVAMAILIILCCLLTIIVFKRSEKQFE UPDATED category_aro_name with penam UPDATED category_aro_cvterm_id with 36017 UPDATED category_aro_accession with 3000008 UPDATED category_aro_class_name with Drug Class UPDATED category_aro_description with Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial