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This cluster is constitutively expressed in the chromosome due to a dysfunctional D-ala-D-ala ligase and confers moderate resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin. Gene orientation: vanRSYHDX"}}, "1973": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "940": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "1808": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35949", "35960"]}}}, "472": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", 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"category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "2004": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "1574": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40001", "37250"], "$insert": {"43060": {"category_aro_name": "inhA with mutations with conferring resistance to isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43060", "category_aro_accession": "3004874", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Genes with mutations in inhA which confer resistance to isoniazid class antibiotics"}}}}}, "1689": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35947"]}}}, "1571": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35947"]}}}, "1672": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "681": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "2224": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"$delete": ["4650"]}}}}}, "359": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "285": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}}, "$delete": ["3630"], "$insert": {"3664": {"model_id": "3664", "ARO_accession": "3004866", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5937": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGCTCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MH450214.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AWU66462.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQLLNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-23", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43004", "model_name": "NDM-23", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3658": {"model_id": "3658", "ARO_accession": "3003664", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "New Delhi class B metallo-beta-lactamase-16 variant of NDM-1", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5930": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCACATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "KP862821.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKZ20823.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTAHMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-16", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "40274", "model_name": "NDM-16", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3659": {"model_id": "3659", "ARO_accession": "3004861", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5931": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "828", "accession": "KY503030.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "APZ75411.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-18", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "42999", "model_name": "NDM-18", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3654": {"model_id": "3654", "ARO_accession": "3004859", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1600", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9349": "D429N", "9287": "K450T", "9286": "K450N"}, "clinical": {"9349": "D429N", "9287": "K450T", "9286": "K450N"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoea gyrase B decreases affinity to zolifladacin antibiotic", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5973": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "TTATGCGTCGATATTTTGCGCAATCAGCGCATTGTTTTCGATAAAGGCGCGGCGCGGTTCGACCTCGTCGCCCATCAGGGTAACGAACACTTCGTCGGCGGCAATGGCATCTTCGATGCGCACTTTCAACAGGCGGCGCACGGTGGGATCCATCGTGGTTTCCCAAAGCTGCTCGGGGTTCATCTCGCCCAAACCTTTGTATCGTTGGATGGACATACCTTTTTGGGCAACGCTCATCAAGATGTCCAAAGCGGTTTCAAAGCTGTCCGCGTCGTACTCGTTCTCGCCTTTGTAGAGCTTGGCGCCCTCGCCGACCAAGCCTTTGAGCGCGGCGGCGGTTTGGGTGAGGGTTTGGTAGGCTTTGCTGTTGAGGAACTTGGGTTCGATGTAGCTGACCATGACGTTGCCGTGCAGCTTGCGCGTGATTTTGATGAACTGGTGTCCTTCATGACCTTCGATGCGTTCGAGGGCGGCTTCTTTTTCGTCAAGCAAACCGGAAAGTTCGGCAACGGCTTTATCGGCGTTTTCAGACGACGTCAAATCAATGGGCGACGCGTGCAGCATGGCACGCAGGACGAGTTCGTCCACGAAGCGGCTTTCCTGTTCGATGACGGTTTTCGCCAACAAGAATTGTTTGGCGGTGTCGGCAAGTTCTGCGCCTTCGATGGTGCGGCCGTCTGAAACGATTTTGGCTTTTTCCAAGGCAAGGCCGAGCAGCCATTGGTCTTTTTCCAGTTCGTCTTTGAGGTAACGCTCCTGCTTGCCGTATTTGGCTTTGTAGAGCGGCGGCTGGGCGATGTAAATGTAGCCGCGCTCGACCAGTTCGGGCATTTGGCGGTAGAAGAAGGTCAGGAGCAGGGTGCGGATGTGCGCACCGTCCACGTCGGCATCGGTCATGATGATGATGCGGTGGTAGCGTAGTTTTTCAGGGTTGAACTCTTCTTTGCCGATGCCTGCACCCAGCGCGGTAATCAGGGTGGCGACCTCTTGGCTGGCGAGCATTTTTTCAAAACGTGCTTTTTCGACGTTCAAAATTTTACCTTTGAGCGGCAAAATCGCTTGGAATTTGCGGTCGCGGCCCTGCATGGCGGAACCGCCTGCGGAGTCGCCCTCGACGAGGTAGAGTTCAGACAGGGCAGGGTCTTTTTCTTGGCAGTCGGCGAGTTTGCCGGGCAGTCCCAAGCCGTCCATCACGCCTTTGCGGCGGGGGATTTCGCGGGCTTTGCGGGCGGCTTCGCGTGCGCGGGCGGCATCGACGATTTTGCCGGTGATGATTTTGGCTTCGTTCGGATTTTCTTCGAGGAAGTCGGTTAGTGCTTGGTTGATGACTTCGTTGACAACGGGGCCGATTTCGCCGGAAACCAGTTTGTCTTTGGTTTGGGATGAGAATTTGGGGTCGGGCAGTTTGACGGACAACACGCAGGTCAAACCTTCGCGCATATCGTCGCCGGCGGTTTCCACTTTGGCTTTTTTGGCGACTTCGTTAGCTTCGATGTAGCTGTTGATGGTGCGCGTCATCACTTGGCGCAGCGCGGTCAGGTGCGTACCGCCGTCGCGCTGAGGGATGTTGTTGGTGAAGCACTGCACGCTTTCCTGATAGCTGTCGTTCCATTGCATTGCGCATTCGACGCTCATGCCGTCTTTCTCGCCGAACGCATAGAAGATTTTTTCGTGCAAGGGCGTTTTTTTGCGGTTCATGTATTGCACGAAGCCCGCCACGCCGCCGGAAAGGGCGAAGCTTTCGTGCTTGCCGTCGCGCTCGTCGGTCAATTCGATGTCCACGCCGTTGTTTAGGAACGAAAGTTCGCGAATACGTTTGGCGAGGATGTCGAAGCTGTATTCGATATTGCCGAAGGTTTCCGTGCCGGCGAGGAAGCGCACGGTCGTGCCTTTTTTGTCGGAATCGCCGACAATTTTCAGCGGCTCTTCGGTTTCGCCGCGTACGAAGCGGACGAAGTGTTCTTTGCCGTCGCGGTAGATGGTCAGCGTTACCCAGTCGGACAGCGCGTTGACGACGGATACGCCCACGCCGTGCAGGCCGCCGGAGATTTTGTAGCTGTTGTTGTCGAATTTGCCGCCCGCGTGCAAGACGGTCATGATGACTTCGGCGGCGGAACGCCCTTCTTTCGGGTGGATGCCGGTGGGCATACCGCGCCCGTTGTCGGCGACGCTGACGGAATGGTCGGCGTGTATCGTTACCGTGATTTTGTCGCAATGTCCGGCGAGTGCTTCGTCGATGGCGTTGTCCAATACTTCAAACACCATATGGTGCAGCCCGCTGCCGTCCTGCGTGTCGCCGATGTACATGCCGGGGCGTTTGCGTACCGCTTCCAAGCCTTCGAGCACCTGGATGCTGTCGGCGCCGTATTCTTCGTGTTTTTGTTCAGTCAT", "fmax": "48284", "accession": "NZ_CQOZ01000008.1", "fmin": "45893", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_050171206", "sequence": "MTEQKHEEYGADSIQVLEGLEAVRKRPGMYIGDTQDGSGLHHMVFEVLDNAIDEALAGHCDKITVTIHADHSVSVADNGRGMPTGIHPKEGRSAAEVIMTVLHAGGKFDNNSYKISGGLHGVGVSVVNALSDWVTLTIYRDGKEHFVRFVRGETEEPLKIVGDSDKKGTTVRFLAGTETFGNIEYSFDILAKRIRELSFLNNGVDIELTDERDGKHESFALSGGVAGFVQYMNRKKTPLHEKIFYAFGEKDGMSVECAMQWNDSYQESVQCFTNNIPQRDGGTHLTALRQVMTRTINSYIEANEVAKKAKVETAGDDMREGLTCVLSVKLPDPKFSSQTKDKLVSGEIGPVVNEVINQALTDFLEENPNEAKIITGKIVDAARAREAARKAREIPRRKGVMDGLGLPGKLADCQEKDPALSELYLVEGDSAGGSAMQGRDRKFQAILPLKGKILNVEKARFEKMLASQEVATLITALGAGIGKEEFNPEKLRYHRIIIMTDADVDGAHIRTLLLTFFYRQMPELVERGYIYIAQPPLYKAKYGKQERYLKDELEKDQWLLGLALEKAKIVSDGRTIEGAELADTAKQFLLAKTVIEQESRFVDELVLRAMLHASPIDLTSSENADKAVAELSGLLDEKEAALERIEGHEGHQFIKITRKLHGNVMVSYIEPKFLNSKAYQTLTQTAAALKGLVGEGAKLYKGENEYDADSFETALDILMSVAQKGMSIQRYKGLGEMNPEQLWETTMDPTVRRLLKVRIEDAIAADEVFVTLMGDEVEPRRAFIENNALIAQNIDA"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "42994": {"category_aro_name": "Zoliflodacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "42994", "category_aro_accession": "3004858", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Experimental antibiotic in phase two trial for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment."}, "43187": {"category_aro_name": "Zoliflodacin resistant gyrB", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43187", "category_aro_accession": "3005000", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Point mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae can result in resistance to Zoliflodacin."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrB conferring resistance to zoliflodacin", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "42995", "model_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrB conferring resistance to zoliflodacin", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "3656": {"model_id": "3656", "ARO_accession": "3004860", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1700", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9429": "G81D", "9430": "T83I", "9431": "D87H"}, "clinical": {"9429": "G81D", "9430": "T83I", "9431": "D87H"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutations in Burkholderia gyrA that confer resistance to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5925": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "TCAGGCTTCGCCGTCCGACGCCTCGTCGGCTTCGCCATCGCCCTCTTCGGCCTCGGCAATCTGCTGCAGACCCGAAAGCTTCGTACCCTCATCGAGACTGATGAGTGTAACACCTTGCGTCGCCCGTCCCATCTCGCGGATCTCGGAAACGCGCGTGCGAATCAACACGCCGGCCGTCGTGATCAGCATGATCTGATCTTCCGGATCGACGAGCGTCGCAGCGACGACCTTGCCGTTACGCTCGGAGGTCTGGATCGCGATCATACCCTTCGTGCCGCGGCCGTGACGCGTGTACTCGGTGATCGGCGTACGCTTGCCGAAGCCGTTCTCGGTTGCGGTGAGCACGGACTGCTCCTCGCTGCCCGCGACCAGCAGCGCGATGACCTGCTGCCCGTCCTCGAGCTGCATGCCGCGCACGCCGCGCGCTTCGCGGCCCATCGGACGCACGTCGTTCTCGTCGAAGCGCACGGCCTTGCCCGAATCGGAGAACAGCATCACGTCGTGCGCGCCGTCGGTGATCGACGCGCCGATCAGATAGTCGCCCTCGTCGAGGCCGACCGCGATGATGCCCTTCTTCATCGGACGGCTGAACGCTTCGAGCGGCGTCTTCTTGACCGTGCCGAGCGACGTCGCCATGAACACGAACTTGTCGGCCGAGAATTCCTTCACCGGCAGCACGACGTTGATCTTCTCGCCTTCCTGCAGCGGGAACATGTTGACGATCGGACGGCCGCGCGAGTTGCGCGAACCTTGCGGCACCTCGTAGACCTTGATCCAGTACACGCGACCGCGGTTCGAGAAGCACAGCATGTAGTCGTGCGTATTCGCGATGAAGAGCGTCTCGATCCAGTCGTCTTCCTTCATCTGCGTCGCCTGCTTGCCGCGGCCGCCGCGCTTCTGCGCGCGGTACTCCGACAGCGGCTGCGACTTCACGTAGCCGGCATGCGACATCGTGACGACCATGTCCTGCGGCGTGATCAGGTCTTCGGTATTCAGTTCGGTCGCGTTCAGCTCGATCCGCGAGCGGCGCGCATCGCCGAATTCGGCCTTCACCGTCGTCAGCTCGTCGCCGATCATCGTCGTGATGCGCTCCGGGCGCGCGAGGATGTCGAGCAGATCGGCGATCTGCGCCATCACTTCGCGATACTCGCCGATGATCTTGTCCTGCTCGAGGCCGGTCAGGCGCTGCAGACGCATCTGCAGGATTTCCTGCGCCTGCGTGTCGGACAACCTGTACAGCCCGTCGGCCTGCATCCCGTACGCCGGATTCAGCCCTTCCGGACGGTACGCGGCACGGCCGCCCGCCGCCGCGTTCTCGGATTCGGCGCGCGTCAGCATCTCGCGTACGAGCGACGAATCCCACGACTTCGTCATCAGCTCCTGCTTCGCGATCGGCGGCGTCGGCGCGGCCTTGATGATCGCGATGAACTCGTCGATGTTCGCGAGCGCGACCGCGAGACCTTCGAGCACGTGGCCGCGCTCGCGCGCCTTGCGCAGTTCGTAGATCGTGCGGCGCGTCAGCACTTCGCGCCGGTGCGACAGGAAGCACTGCAGGATTTCCTTCAGGTTCAGCAGCTTCGGCTGGCCGTCGACGAGCGCGACCATGTTCATGCCGAACGTGTCCTGCAGCTGCGTCGCCTTGTACAGGTTGTTCAGCACCACTTCCGGCACTTCGCCGCGCTTGAGCTCGATCACGACCCGCATGCCGCTCTTGTCGGATTCGTCGCGGATATCGGAAATGCCTTCGAGCTTCTTCTCGTTGACGAGCTCGGCGATCCGCTCGAGCAGCGAGCGCTTGTTGACCTGGTACGGCAGCTCGTCGACGATGATCGCCATCCGCTGGCCGCGGTCGATCTCCTCGAAGTGCGTGGCCGCGCGCATCACGACGCGGCCGCGGCCGGTGCGGTAGCCGTCGCGCACGCCGGCGACGCCGTAGATGATGCCGGCCGTCGGGAAATCCGGCGCCGGGATGATCTCGATCAGTTCGTCGACCGTCGCGTCGGGGTTGCTCAGCAGGTGCTGGCACGCGTCGACGACTTCGTTCAGGTTGTGCGGCGGAATGTTGGTCGCCATGCCGACGGCGATGCCCGACGAGCCGTTGATCAGCAGGTTCGGGATCCGCGACGGCAGGACCGACGGCTGCGTTTCGTTGCCGTCGTAGTTCGGCTCGAAATCGACCGTTTCCTTGTCGATGTCGGCGAGCAGCTCGTGCCCGATCTTCGCCATGCGAATTTCGGTGTACCGCATCGCCGCCGCATTGTCGCCGTCGATCGAGCCGAAGTTGCCCTGCCCGTCGATCAGCATGTAGCGCAGCGAGAAGTCCTGCGCCATCCGCACGATCGTGTCGTAGACCGCCGTGTCGCCGTGCGGGTGGTACTTACCGATCACGTCGCCGACGATACGCGCCGATTTCTTGTACGCGCGGTTCCAGTCGTTGTTCAGTTCGTGCATCGCGAACAGTACGCGCCGGTGCACGGGCTTCAGGCCATCGCGGACATCCGGAAGGGCACGTCCGACGATCACGCTCATCGCGTAATCGAGATACGAACGGCGCATTTCCTCCTCGAGGGAGGTGGGCAGGGTCTCTTTGGCGAATTGATCCAT", "fmax": "2301346", "accession": "CP009795.1", "fmin": "2298742", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Burkholderia dolosa AU0158", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "350701", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42997"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AJY14066.1", "sequence": "MDQFAKETLPTSLEEEMRRSYLDYAMSVIVGRALPDVRDGLKPVHRRVLFAMHELNNDWNRAYKKSARIVGDVIGKYHPHGDTAVYDTIVRMAQDFSLRYMLIDGQGNFGSIDGDNAAAMRYTEIRMAKIGHELLADIDKETVDFEPNYDGNETQPSVLPSRIPNLLINGSSGIAVGMATNIPPHNLNEVVDACQHLLSNPDATVDELIEIIPAPDFPTAGIIYGVAGVRDGYRTGRGRVVMRAATHFEEIDRGQRMAIIVDELPYQVNKRSLLERIAELVNEKKLEGISDIRDESDKSGMRVVIELKRGEVPEVVLNNLYKATQLQDTFGMNMVALVDGQPKLLNLKEILQCFLSHRREVLTRRTIYELRKARERGHVLEGLAVALANIDEFIAIIKAAPTPPIAKQELMTKSWDSSLVREMLTRAESENAAAGGRAAYRPEGLNPAYGMQADGLYRLSDTQAQEILQMRLQRLTGLEQDKIIGEYREVMAQIADLLDILARPERITTMIGDELTTVKAEFGDARRSRIELNATELNTEDLITPQDMVVTMSHAGYVKSQPLSEYRAQKRGGRGKQATQMKEDDWIETLFIANTHDYMLCFSNRGRVYWIKVYEVPQGSRNSRGRPIVNMFPLQEGEKINVVLPVKEFSADKFVFMATSLGTVKKTPLEAFSRPMKKGIIAVGLDEGDYLIGASITDGAHDVMLFSDSGKAVRFDENDVRPMGREARGVRGMQLEDGQQVIALLVAGSEEQSVLTATENGFGKRTPITEYTRHGRGTKGMIAIQTSERNGKVVAATLVDPEDQIMLITTAGVLIRTRVSEIREMGRATQGVTLISLDEGTKLSGLQQIAEAEEGDGEADEASDGEA"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "39876": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "39876", "category_aro_accession": "3003292", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. GyrA point mutations confer resistance by preventing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from binding the alpha-subunit."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}, "ARO_name": "Burkholderia dolosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "42996", "model_name": "Burkholderia dolosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "3657": {"model_id": "3657", "ARO_accession": "3003663", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-15 variant of NDM-1", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5929": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGTGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "KP735848.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKF43458.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASVRAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-15", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "40273", "model_name": "NDM-15", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3651": {"model_id": "3651", "ARO_accession": "3004853", "model_param": {"blastn_bit_score": {"param_value": "2700", "param_type_id": "41093", "param_type": "BLASTN bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models without a protein reference sequence but including a nucleotide reference sequence, e.g. the rRNA gene variant model. The BLASTN bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTN analysis of the canonical nucleotide reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated gene against the database of CARD reference sequences. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific gene amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9279": "A1401G"}, "clinical": {"9279": "A1401G"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutations in the 3' domain of 16S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to capreomycin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5921": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "TTTTGTTTGGAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAGGACGAACGCTGGCGGCGTGCTTAACACATGCAAGTCGAACGGAAAGGTCTCTTCGGAGATACTCGAGTGGCGAACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTGATCTGCCCTGCACTTCGGGATAAGCCTGGGAAACTGGGTCTAATACCGGATAGGACCACGGGATGCATGTCTTGTGGTGGAAAGCGCTTTAGCGGTGTGGGATGAGCCCGCGGCCTATCAGCTTGTTGGTGGGGTGACGGCCTACCAAGGCGACGACGGGTAGCCGGCCTGAGAGGGTGTCCGGCCACACTGGGACTGAGATACGGCCCAGACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGCACAATGGGCGCAAGCCTGATGCAGCGACGCCGCGTGGGGGATGACGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAACCTCTTTCACCATCGACGAAGGTCCGGGTTCTCTCGGATTGACGGTAGGTGGAGAAGAAGCACCGGCCAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGGTGCGAGCGTTGTCCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGAGCTCGTAGGTGGTTTGTCGCGTTGTTCGTGAAATCTCACGGCTTAACTGTGAGCGTGCGGGCGATACGGGCAGACTAGAGTACTGCAGGGGAGACTGGAATTCCTGGTGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGCAGATATCAGGAGGAACACCGGTGGCGAAGGCGGGTCTCTGGGCAGTAACTGACGCTGAGGAGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGGTGGGTACTAGGTGTGGGTTTCCTTCCTTGGGATCCGTGCCGTAGCTAACGCATTAAGTACCCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGCTAAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGCGGAGCATGTGGATTAATTCGATGCAACGCGAAGAACCTTACCTGGGTTTGACATGCACAGGACGCGTCTAGAGATAGGCGTTCCCTTGTGGCCTGTGTGCAGGTGGTGCATGGCTGTCGTCAGCTCGTGTCGTGAGATGTTGGGTTAAGTCCCGCAACGAGCGCAACCCTTGTCTCATGTTGCCAGCACGTAATGGTGGGGACTCGTGAGAGACTGCCGGGGTCAACTCGGAGGAAGGTGGGGATGACGTCAAGTCATCATGCCCCTTATGTCCAGGGCTTCACACATGCTACAATGGCCGGTACAAAGGGCTGCGATGCCGCGAGGTTAAGCGAATCCTTAAAAGCCGGTCTCAGTTCGGATCGGGGTCTGCAACTCGACCCCGTGAAGTCGGAGTCGCTAGTAATCGCAGATCAGCAACGCTGCGGTGAATACGTTCCCGGGCCTTGTACACACCGCCCGTCACGTCATGAAAGTCGGTAACACCCGAAGCCAGTGGCCTAACCCTCGGGAGGGAGCTGTCGAAGGTGGGATCGGCGATTGGGACGAAGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGTACCGGAAGGTGCGGCTGGATCACCTCCTTTCT", "fmax": "1473382", "accession": "AL123456.3", "fmin": "1471845", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "83332", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "", "sequence": ""}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "40875": {"category_aro_name": "capreomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40875", "category_aro_accession": "3003993", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Capreomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, capable of treating a large number of infections but in particular used for killing bacteria causing tuberculosis."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "40277": {"category_aro_name": "16s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40277", "category_aro_accession": "3003666", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Point mutations in the 16S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to aminoglycosides."}}, "ARO_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin", "model_type": "rRNA gene variant model", "model_description": "The rRNA gene variant model is an AMR detection model used to identify ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with mutations shown clinically to confer resistance to known antibiotic(s) relative to the wild-type rRNA sequence. Like the protein variant model, rRNA gene variant models detect the presence of an rRNA sequence based on its homolog, and then secondarily search submitted query sequences for a curated mutation. This model includes an rRNA gene reference sequence, a BLASTN bitscore cutoff, and a set of mapped resistance variants. A submitted sequence must have both high homolog to the reference sequence and include a known resistance variant to be detected.", "ARO_id": "42989", "model_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 16S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin", "model_type_id": "40295"}, "3652": {"model_id": "3652", "ARO_accession": "3004854", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A CMY-2-like beta-lactamase which confers resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics, and is also capable of hydrolyzing the CMY-2 inhibitors ticarcillin and cloxacillin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5922": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGAAAAAATCGTTATGCTGCGCTCTGCTGCTGACAGCCTCTTTCTCCACATTTGCTGCCGCAAAAACAGAACAACAGATTGCCGATATCGTTAATCGCACCATCACCCCGTTGATGCAGGAGCAGGCTATTCCGGGTATGGCCGTTGCCGTTATCTACCAGGGAAAACCCTATTATTTCACCTGGGGTAAAGCCGATATCGCCAATAACCACCCAGTCACGCAGCAAACGCTGTTTGAGCTAGGATCGGTTAGTAAGACGTTTAACGGCGTGTTGGGCGGCGATGCTATCGCCCGCGGCGAAATTAAGCTCAGCGATCCGGTCACGAAATACTGGCCAGAACTGACAGGCAAACAGTGGCAGGGTATCCGCCTGCTGCACTTAGCCACCTATACGGCAGGCGGCCTACCGCTGCAGATCCCCGATGACGTTAGGGATAAAGCCGCATTACTGCATTTTTATCAAAACTGGCAGCCGCAATGGACTCCGGGCGCTAAGCGACTTTACGCTAACTCCAGCATTGGTCTGTTTGGCGCGCTGGCGGTGAAACCCTCAGGAATGAGTTACGAAGAGGCAATGACCAGACGCGTCCTGCAACCATTAAAACTGGCGCATACCTGGATTACGGTTCCGCAGAACGAACAAAAAGATTATGCCTGGGGCTATCGCGAAGGGAAGCCCGTACACGTTTCTCCGGGACAACTTGACGCCGAAGCCCATGGCGTGAAATCCAGCGTTATTGATATGGCCCGCTGGGTTCAGGCCAACATGGATGCCAGCCACGTTCAGGAGAAAACGCTCCAGCAGGGCATTGCGCTTGCGCAGTCTCGCTACTGGCGTATTGGCGATATGTACCAGGGATTAGGCTGGGAGATGCTGAACTGGCCGCTGAAAGCTGATTCGATCATCAACGGCAGCGACAGCAAAGTGGCATTGGCAGCGCTTCCCGCCGTTGAGGTAAACCCGCCCGCCCCCGCAGTGAAAGCCTCATGGGTGCATAAAACGGGCTCCACTGGTGGATTTGGCAGCTACGTAGCCTTCGTTCCAGAAAAAAACCTTGGCATCGTGATGCTGGCAAACAAAAGCTATCCTAACCCTGTCCGTGTCGAGGCGGCCTGGCGCATTCTTGAAAAGCTGCAATAA", "fmax": "7764", "accession": "MG844436.1", "fmin": "6618", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AVR61040.1", "sequence": "MMKKSLCCALLLTASFSTFAAAKTEQQIADIVNRTITPLMQEQAIPGMAVAVIYQGKPYYFTWGKADIANNHPVTQQTLFELGSVSKTFNGVLGGDAIARGEIKLSDPVTKYWPELTGKQWQGIRLLHLATYTAGGLPLQIPDDVRDKAALLHFYQNWQPQWTPGAKRLYANSSIGLFGALAVKPSGMSYEEAMTRRVLQPLKLAHTWITVPQNEQKDYAWGYREGKPVHVSPGQLDAEAHGVKSSVIDMARWVQANMDASHVQEKTLQQGIALAQSRYWRIGDMYQGLGWEMLNWPLKADSIINGSDSKVALAALPAVEVNPPAPAVKASWVHKTGSTGGFGSYVAFVPEKNLGIVMLANKSYPNPVRVEAAWRILEKLQ"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "35980": {"category_aro_name": "cefuroxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35980", "category_aro_accession": "0000063", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains."}, "36208": {"category_aro_name": "CMY beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36208", "category_aro_accession": "3000069", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "CMY beta-lactamases are plasmid-mediated class C beta-lactamases that encodes for resistance to cephamycins."}, "40636": {"category_aro_name": "ceftolozane", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40636", "category_aro_accession": "3003927", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "a 5th generation cephalosporin antibiotic"}}, "ARO_name": "CMY-136", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "42990", "model_name": "CMY-136", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3653": {"model_id": "3653", "ARO_accession": "3004856", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase isolated from several Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Argentina, as well as E. Coli. Hydrolyzes penicillins at a high level and cephalosporins and carbapenems at a very low level", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5923": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACAAGATCTGCCCTTTTGATTCCACTCACCACGGCGGCTATCGCGCTAAACGCAATATCGCCGGTTTATGCGAGCGACACCCATTCTATTGATGATACCGTAAAACAGGTTGAAACCACGCTGGGAGCAAAAGTGGGTATAGCCGTCCTGGACACCGGGTCTCAACGTGCCTGGTTCCACCGTGCTGATGACCGTTTCCCGATGGCGAGCACATCCAAAGCTCTGACCTGTGCAGCGCTGTTGGATAAAGGTCAGAGCTTTATGAATAAAGAGGCCTTGATCAAAAAGGCGGACCTGGATGAATATGCACCAGTGACATCCGGCATAGTCGGCAAAAAAGTAAGTGCGGCTGACCTTTGCAGCATTACCATGCGTACAAGTGACAATACCGCCGTCAACAAAGTTCTTGAAATCCTGGGAGGACCGCAAGCTGTAACCGCTTATTTGCGCAAGACAGGTGATAACATTACTCGACTTGACAGAAATGAACCGGACCTCAACGAAGGAACGCCTGGAGACGTGCGCGACACGACAACGCCTCGCGCTATTCTCGAAACACTTAATAAACTGGTACTGGGCCCCACTCTTGGCTCTGACGAGCGAAAACAACTCACAACCTGGCTTGAAAGTAATGAGGTTGGTGACCCTTTGCTGCGCGCTGGAGTTCCTTCTGATTGGCGCGTCGCCGATCGAACTGGCGCTGGAGGTAACGGGACGCGTGGGGTGATTGCCGTCATGTGGCCGCCAAAACACGCGCCAATCATTGCTGCGATTTACATTACACAGACGAAAGCCACTATGGAGGAAAGGAACGCTGCCATCGCCTCTATTGGCAAAGCGATTGCTGCCGAAGTTCTGGAATAA", "fmax": "2360", "accession": "EF104648", "fmin": "1493", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABL14266", "sequence": "MTRSALLIPLTTAAIALNAISPVYASDTHSIDDTVKQVETTLGAKVGIAVLDTGSQRAWFHRADDRFPMASTSKALTCAALLDKGQSFMNKEALIKKADLDEYAPVTSGIVGKKVSAADLCSITMRTSDNTAVNKVLEILGGPQAVTAYLRKTGDNITRLDRNEPDLNEGTPGDVRDTTTPRAILETLNKLVLGPTLGSDERKQLTTWLESNEVGDPLLRAGVPSDWRVADRTGAGGNGTRGVIAVMWPPKHAPIIAAIYITQTKATMEERNAAIASIGKAIAAEVLE"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35976": {"category_aro_name": "cefepime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35976", "category_aro_accession": "0000059", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefepime (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. It contains an aminothiazolyl group that decreases its affinity with beta-lactamases. Cefepime shows high binding affinity with penicillin-binding proteins and has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "40951": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin-tazobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40951", "category_aro_accession": "3004021", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "An antibiotic cocktail containing the penam beta-lactam antibiotic Piperacillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Tazobactam."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35971": {"category_aro_name": "penicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35971", "category_aro_accession": "0000054", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN) is a beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}, "40955": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin-clavulanic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40955", "category_aro_accession": "3004023", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic ticarcillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (clavulanate)."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35980": {"category_aro_name": "cefuroxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35980", "category_aro_accession": "0000063", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains."}, "42991": {"category_aro_name": "SCO beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "42991", "category_aro_accession": "3004855", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "SCOs are Class A beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a narrow range of penams, with some minor activity on cephalosporins and carbapenems."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}, "35994": {"category_aro_name": "tazobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35994", "category_aro_accession": "0000077", "category_aro_class_name": "Adjuvant", "category_aro_description": "Tazobactam is a compound which inhibits the action of bacterial beta-lactamases."}, "40924": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin-clavulanic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40924", "category_aro_accession": "3003997", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "An antibiotic cocktail containing the beta-lactam antibiotic Amoxicillin and the beta-lactamase inhibitor Clavulanic Acid (potassium clavulanate)."}, "35996": {"category_aro_name": "clavulanic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35996", "category_aro_accession": "0000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Adjuvant", "category_aro_description": "Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor (marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, formerly Beecham) combined with penicillin group antibiotics to overcome certain types of antibiotic resistance. It is used to overcome resistance in bacteria that secrete beta-lactamase, which otherwise inactivates most penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "SCO-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "42992", "model_name": "SCO-1", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3665": {"model_id": "3665", "ARO_accession": "3004867", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5938": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MH450215.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Providencia stuartii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "588", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36946"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AWU66463.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-24", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43005", "model_name": "NDM-24", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3628": {"model_id": "3628", "ARO_accession": "3004832", "model_param": {"41344": {"param_value": {"9378": "+D345"}, "param_type_id": "41344", "param_type": "insertion mutation from peptide sequence", "param_description": "A subtype of the insertion mutation detection model parameter. This parameter is used when a set of insertion mutations is reported in a peptide sequence format. These are specific to codon insertions, where a multiple of three nucleotides are inserted. This does not cause a frameshift mutation. Mutation parameters of this type are reported in CARD with the notation: [+][AAs][position range]."}, "blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9292": "A311V", "9352": "A510V", "9290": "A501T", "9350": "F504L", "9296": "T483S", "9297": "N513Y", "9294": "V316P", "9277": "A501P", "9298": "G546S", "9362": "P551S", "9363": "P551L", "9353": "A516G", "9361": "G542S", "9289": "A501V"}, "clinical": {"9292": "A311V", "9352": "A510V", "9290": "A501T", "9350": "F504L", "9296": "T483S", "9297": "N513Y", "9294": "V316P", "9277": "A501P", "9298": "G546S", "9362": "P551S", "9363": "P551L", "9353": "A516G", "9361": "G542S", "9289": "A501V"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "PBP2 is a penicillin-binding protein and beta-lactam resistance enzyme encoded by the penA gene, due to mutations can cause resistance to various drugs such as Penicillin and Ceftriaxone.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5928": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "CCGGTTTCGGGCAATACCTTTATGGTGGAACATCAAAGATAGAAGCAGCCTGTGTGCCGGAATCGGATTCCTGCATCAGGATAATAATAACGAGAAGTAAAAATGTTGATTAAAAGCGAATATAAGCCCCGGATGCTGCCCAAAGAAGAGCAGGTCAAAAAGCCGATGACCAGTAACGGACGGATTAGCTTCGTCCTGATGGCAATGGCGGTCTTGTTTGCCTGTCTGATTGCCCGCGGGCTGTATCTGCAGACGGTAACGTATAACTTTTTGAAAGAACAGGGCGACAACCGGATTGTGCGGACTCAAGCATTGCCGGCTACACGCGGTACGGTTTCGGACCGGAACGGTGCGGTTTTGGCGTTGAGCGCGCCGACGGAGTCCCTGTTTGCCGTGCCTAAAGATATGAAGGAAATGCCGTCTGCCGCCCAATTGGAACGCCTGTCCGAGCTTGTCGATGTGCCGGTCGATGTTTTGAGGAACAAACTCGAACAGAAAGGCAAGTCGTTTATTTGGATCAAGCGGCAGCTCGATCCCAAGGTTGCCGAAGAGGTCAAAGCCTTGGGTTTGGAAAACTTTGTATTTGAAAAAGAATTAAAACGCCATTACCCGATGGGCAACCTGTTTGCACACGTCATCGGATTTACCGATATTGACGGCAAAGGTCAGGAAGGTTTGGAACTTTCGCTTGAAGACAGCCTGTATGGCGAAGACGGCGCGGAAGTTGTTTTGCGGGACCGGCAGGGCAATATTGTGGACAGCTTGGACTCCCCGCGCAATAAAGCACCGCAAAACGGCAAAGACATCATCCTTTCCCTCGATCAGAGGATTCAGACCTTGGCCTATGAAGAGTTGAACAAGGCGGTCGAATACCATCAGGCAAAAGCCGGAACGGTGGTGGTTTTGGATGCCCGCACGGGGGAAATCCTCGCCTTGGCCAATACGCCCGCCTACGATCCCAACAGACCCGGCCGGGCAGACAGCGAACAGCGGCGCAACCGTGCCGTAACCGATATGATCGAACCTGGTTCGGCAATCAAACCGTTCGTGATTGCGAAGGCATTGGATGCGGGCAAAACCGATTTGAACGAACGGCTGAATACGCAGCCTTATAAAATCGGACCGTCTCCCGTGCGCGATACCCATGTTTACCCCTCTTTGGATGTGCGCGGCATTATGCAGAAATCGTCCAACGTCGGCACAAGCAAACTGTCTGCGCGTTTCGGCGCCGAAGAAATGTATGACTTCTATCATGAATTGGGCATCGGTGTGCGTATGCACTCGGGCTTTCCGGGGGAAACTGCAGGTTTGTTGAGAAATTGGCGCAGGTGGCGGCCCATCGAACAGGCGACGATGTCTTTCGGTTACGGTCTGCAATTGAGCCTGCTGCAATTGGCGCGCGCCTATACCGCACTGACGCACGACGGCGTTTTGCTGCCGCTCAGCTTTGAGAAGCAGGCGGTTGCGCCGCAAGGCAAACGCATATTCAAAGAATCGACCGCGCGCGAGGTACGCAATCTGATGGTTTCCGTAACCGAGCCGGGCGGCACCGGTACGGCGGGTGCGGTGGACGGTTTCGATGTCGGCGCTAAAACCGGCACGGCGCGCAAGTTCGTCAACGGGCGTTATGCCGACAACAAACACGTCGCTACCTTTATCGGTTTTGCCCCCGCCAAAAACCCCCGTGTGATTGTGGCGGTAACCATCGACGAACCGACTGCCCACGGCTATTACGGCGGCGTAGTGGCAGGGCCGCCCTTCAAAAAAATTATGGGCGGCAGCCTGAACATCTTGGGCATTTCCCCGACCAAGCCACTGACCGCCGCAGCCGTCAAAACACCGTCTTAATCCGAGTATCAACGAGATTGTTTTATGTTCAGCAAGTTAAGCCCTTTGGCTGAAACCGGCATCCCGACCCTGTCGTGTGCAAACGCGGCAGGGCGTTTGTTGCATTCAGACAGCCGTCAAATCAAACAAGGTGATATTTTCGTTGCCTGTCAGGGCGAATATACCGACGGCCGCAGTTATATCCCCGCCGCCGTTGTCAAC", "fmax": "2049", "accession": "M32091.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAA25463.1", "sequence": "MLIKSEYKPRMLPKEEQVKKPMTSNGRISFVLMAMAVLFACLIARGLYLQTVTYNFLKEQGDNRIVRTQALPATRGTVSDRNGAVLALSAPTESLFAVPKDMKEMPSAAQLERLSELVDVPVDVLRNKLEQKGKSFIWIKRQLDPKVAEEVKALGLENFVFEKELKRHYPMGNLFAHVIGFTDIDGKGQEGLELSLEDSLYGEDGAEVVLRDRQGNIVDSLDSPRNKAPQNGKDIILSLDQRIQTLAYEELNKAVEYHQAKAGTVVVLDARTGEILALANTPAYDPNRPGRADSEQRRNRAVTDMIEPGSAIKPFVIAKALDAGKTDLNERLNTQPYKIGPSPVRDTHVYPSLDVRGIMQKSSNVGTSKLSARFGAEEMYDFYHELGIGVRMHSGFPGETAGLLRNWRRWRPIEQATMSFGYGLQLSLLQLARAYTALTHDGVLLPLSFEKQAVAPQGKRIFKESTAREVRNLMVSVTEPGGTGTAGAVDGFDVGAKTGTARKFVNGRYADNKHVATFIGFAPAKNPRVIVAVTIDEPTAHGYYGGVVAGPPFKKIMGGSLNILGISPTKPLTAAAVKTPS"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "40661": {"category_aro_name": "Penicillin-binding protein mutations conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40661", "category_aro_accession": "3003938", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Mutations in PBP transpeptidases that change the affinity for penicillin thereby conferring resistance to penicillin antibiotics"}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36990": {"category_aro_name": "cefixime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36990", "category_aro_accession": "3000646", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefixime is a cephalosporin resistant to most beta-lactamases. It is active against many enterobacteria, but activity against staphylococci is poor."}, "35979": {"category_aro_name": "ceftriaxone", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35979", "category_aro_accession": "0000062", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The presence of an aminothiazolyl sidechain increases ceftriazone's resistance to beta-lactamases. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae PBP2 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "42962", "model_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae PBP2 conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "3666": {"model_id": "3666", "ARO_accession": "3004868", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5939": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCTCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MH986670.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AYF56302.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLSPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-25", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43006", "model_name": "NDM-25", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3661": {"model_id": "3661", "ARO_accession": "3004863", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5933": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCACTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "KY654092.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AQY45923.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLH"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-20", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43001", "model_name": "NDM-20", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3660": {"model_id": "3660", "ARO_accession": "3004862", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5932": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGAACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGTGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MF370080.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ASC49561.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMNALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASVRAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-19", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43000", "model_name": "NDM-19", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3663": {"model_id": "3663", "ARO_accession": "3004865", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5936": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGCTGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MH243357.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter cloacae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "550", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36884"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AWI33311.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVLSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-22", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43003", "model_name": "NDM-22", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3662": {"model_id": "3662", "ARO_accession": "3004864", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5935": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGAGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MG183694.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ATJ25942.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPSFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-21", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43002", "model_name": "NDM-21", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3745": {"model_id": "3745", "ARO_accession": "3004937", "model_param": {"blastn_bit_score": {"param_value": "5700", "param_type_id": "41093", "param_type": "BLASTN bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models without a protein reference sequence but including a nucleotide reference sequence, e.g. the rRNA gene variant model. The BLASTN bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTN analysis of the canonical nucleotide reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated gene against the database of CARD reference sequences. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific gene amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutations in 23S rRNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can confer resistance to capreomycin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"6024": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGTAAGTGTCTAAGGGCGCATGGTGGATGCCTTGGCATCGAGAGCCGATGAAGGACGTGGGAGGCTGCGATATGCCTCGGGGAGCTGTCAACCGAGCGTGGATCCGAGGATTTCCGAATGGGGAAACCCAGCACGAGTGATGTCGTGCTACCCGCATCTGAATATATAGGGTGCGGGAGGGAACGCGGGGAAGTGAAACATCTCAGTACCCGTAGGAGGAGAAAACAATTGTGATTCCGCAAGTAGTGGCGAGCGAACGCGGAACAGGCTAAACCGCACGCATGGGTAACCGGGTAGGGGTTGTGTGTGCGGGGTTGTGGGAGGATATGTCTCAGCGCTACCCGGCTGAGAGGCAGTCAGAAAGTGTCGTGGTTAGCGGAAGTGGCCTGGGATGGTCTGCCGTAGACGGTGAGAGCCCGGTACGCGAAAACCCGGCACCTGCCTAGTATCAATTCCCGAGTAGCAGCGGGCCCGTGGAATCCGCTGTGAATCCGCCGGGACCACCCGGTAAGCCTAAATACTCCTCGATGACCGATAGCGGATTAGTACCGTGAGGGAATGGTGAAAAGTACCCCGGGAGGGGAGTGAAAGAGTACCTGAAACCGTGTGCCTACAATCCGTCAGAGCCTCCTTTTCCTCTCCGGAGGAGGGTGGTGATGGCGTGCCTTTTGAAGAATGAGCCTGCGAGTCAGGGACATGTCGCAAGGTTAACCCGTGTGGGGTAGCCGCAGCGAAAGCGAGTCTGAATAGGGCGACCCACACGCGCATACGCGCGTGTGAATAGTGGCGTGTTCTGGACCCGAAGCGGAGTGATCTACCCATGGCCAGGGTGAAGCGCGGGTAAGACCGCGTGGAGGCCCGAACCCACTTAGGTTGAAGACTGAGGGGATGAGCTGTGGGTAGGGGTGAAAGGCCAATCAAACTCCGTGATAGCTGGTTCTCCCCGAAATGCATTTAGGTGCAGCGTTGCGTGGTTCACCGCGGAGGTAGAGCTACTGGATGGCCGATGGGCCCTACTAGGTTACTGACGTCAGCCAAACTCCGAATGCCGTGGTGTAAAGCGTGGCAGTGAGACGGCGGGGGATAAGCTCCGTACGTCGAAAGGGAAACAGCCCAGATCGCCGGCTAAGGCCCCCAAGCGTGTGCTAAGTGGGAAAGGATGTGCAGTCGCAAAGACAACCAGGAGGTTGGCTTAGAAGCAGCCACCCTTGAAAGAGTGCGTAATAGCTCACTGGTCAAGTGATTGTGCGCCGATAATGTAGCGGGGCTCAAGCACACCGCCGAAGCCGCGGCACATCCACCTTGTGGTGGGTGTGGGTAGGGGAGCGTCCCTCATTCAGCGAAGCCACCGGGTGACCGGTGGTGGAGGGTGGGGGAGTGAGAATGCAGGCATGAGTAGCGACAAGGCAAGTGAGAACCTTGCCCGCCGAAAGACCAAGGGTTCCTGGGCCAGGCCAGTCCGCCCAGGGTGAGTCGGGACCTAAGGCGAGGCCGACAGGCGTAGTCGATGGACAACGGGTTGATATTCCCGTACCCGTGTGTGGGCGCCCGTGACGAATCAGCGGTACTAACCACCCAAAACCGGATCGATCACTCCCCTTCGGGGGTGTGGAGTTCTGGGGCTGCGTGGGAACTTCGCTGGTAGTAGTCAAGCGAAGGGGTGACGCAGGAAGGTAGCCGTACCAGTCAGTGGTAACACTGGGGCAAGCCGGTAGGGAGAGCGATAGGCAAATCCGTCGCTCACTAATCCTGAGAGGTGACGCATAGCCGGTTGAGGCGAATTCGGTGATCCTCTGCTGCCAAGAAAAGCCTCTAGCGAGCACACACACGGCCCGTACCCCAAACCGACACAGGTGGTCAGGTAGAGCATACCAAGGCGTACGAGATAACTATGGTTAAGGAACTCGGCAAAATGCCCCCGTAACTTCGGGAGAAGGGGGACCGGAATATCGTGAACACCCTTGCGGTGGGAGCGGGATCCGGTCGCAGAAACCAGTGAGGAGCGACTGTTTACTAAAAACACAGGTCCGTGCGAAGTCGCAAGACGATGTATACGGACTGACGCCTGCCCGGTGCTGGAAGGTTAAGAGGACCCGTTAACCCGCAAGGGTGAAGCGGAGAATTTAAGCCCCAGTAAACGGCGGTGGTAACTATAACCATCCTAAGGTAGCGAAATTCCTTGTCGGGTAAGTTCCGACCTGCACGAATGGCGTAACGACTTCTCAACTGTCTCAACCATAGACTCGGCGAAATTGCACTACGAGTAAAGATGCTCGTTACGCGCGGCAGGACGAAAAGACCCCGGGACCTTCACTACAACTTGGTATTGATGTTCGGTACGGTTTGTGTAGGATAGGTGGGAGACTGTGAAACCTCGACGCCAGTTGGGGCGGAGTCGTTGTTGAAATACCACTCTGATCGTATTGGGCATCTAACCTCGAACCCTGAATCGGGTTTAGGGACAGTGCCTGGCGGGTAGTTTAACTGGGGCGGTTGCCTCCTAAAATGTAACGGAGGCGCCCAAAGGTTCCCTCAACCTGGACGGCAATCAGGTGGCGAGTGTAAATGCACAAGGGAGCTTGACTGCGAGACTTACAAGTCAAGCAGGGACGAAAGTCGGGATTAGTGATCCGGCACCCCCGAGTGGAAGGGGTGTCGCTCAACGGATAAAAGGTACCCCGGGGATAACAGGCTGATCTTCCCCAAGAGTCCATATCGACGGGATGGTTTGGCACCTCGATGTCGGCTCGTCGCATCCTGGGGCTGGAGCAGGTCCCAAGGGTTGGGCTGTTCGCCCATTAAAGCGGCACGCGAGCTGGGTTTAGAACGTCGTGAGACAGTTCGGTCTCTATCCGCCGCGCGCGTCAGAAACTTGAGGAAACCTGTCCCTAGTACGAGAGGACCGGGACGGACGAACCTCTGGTGCACCAGTTGTCCCGCCAGGGGCACCGCTGGATAGCCACGTTCGGTCAGGATAACCGCTGAAAGCATCTAAGCGGGAAACCTTCTCCAAGATCAGGTTTCTCACCCACTTGGTGGGATAAGGCCCCCCGCAGAACACGGGTTCAATAGGTCAGACCTGGAAGCTCAGTAATGGGTGTAGGGAACTGGTGCTAACCGGCCGAAAACTTACAACA", "fmax": "1476795", "accession": "AL123456.3", "fmin": "1473657", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "83332", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "", "sequence": ""}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "40875": {"category_aro_name": "capreomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40875", "category_aro_accession": "3003993", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Capreomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, capable of treating a large number of infections but in particular used for killing bacteria causing tuberculosis."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "43122": {"category_aro_name": "23s rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43122", "category_aro_accession": "3004936", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Point mutations in the 23S rRNA of bacteria can confer resistance to aminoglycosides."}}, "ARO_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin", "model_type": "rRNA gene variant model", "model_description": "The rRNA gene variant model is an AMR detection model used to identify ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with mutations shown clinically to confer resistance to known antibiotic(s) relative to the wild-type rRNA sequence. Like the protein variant model, rRNA gene variant models detect the presence of an rRNA sequence based on its homolog, and then secondarily search submitted query sequences for a curated mutation. This model includes an rRNA gene reference sequence, a BLASTN bitscore cutoff, and a set of mapped resistance variants. A submitted sequence must have both high homolog to the reference sequence and include a known resistance variant to be detected.", "ARO_id": "43123", "model_name": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis 23S rRNA mutation conferring resistance to capreomycin", "model_type_id": "40295"}, "3669": {"model_id": "3669", "ARO_accession": "3004871", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5941": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGTCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MK425035.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QAT97614.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMVDKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-28", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43009", "model_name": "NDM-28", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3668": {"model_id": "3668", "ARO_accession": "3004870", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "A class B New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and NDM-1 variant", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5940": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCAATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGTGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MK105832.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AYP70146.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTNDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASVRAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams, often referred to as penicillins, are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-27", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.", "ARO_id": "43008", "model_name": "NDM-27", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "3649": {"model_id": "3649", "ARO_accession": "3004851", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9273": "A39T", "9274": "G45D"}, "clinical": {"9273": "A39T", "9274": "G45D"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "MtrR is a repressor of mtrCDE efflux pump expression, point mutations in mtrR increase multidrug resistance.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5978": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "ATGAGAAAAACCAAAACCGAAGCCTTGAAAACCAAAGAACACCTGATGCTTGCCGCCTTGGAAACCTTTTACCGCAAAGGGATTGCCCGCACCTCGCTCAACGAAATCGCCCAAGCCGCCGGCGTAACGCGCGGCGCGCTCTATTGGCATTTCAAAAATAAGGAAGACTTGTTTGACGCGTTGTTCCAACGTATCTGCGACGACATCGAAAACTGCATCGCGCAAGATGCCGCAGATGCCGAAGGAGGTTCTTGGACGGTATTCCGCCACACGCTGCTGCACTTTTTCGAGCGGCTGCAAAGCAACGACATCCACTACAAATTCCACAACATCCTGTTTTTAAAGTGCGAACATACGGAACAAAACGCCGCCGTTATCGCCATTGCCCGCAAGCATCAGGCAATCTGGCGCGAGAAAATTACCGCCGTTTTGACCGAAGCGGTGGAAAATCAGGATTTGGCTGACGATTTGGACAAGGAAACGGCGGTCATCTTCATCAAATCGACGTTGGACGGGCTGATTTGGCGTTGGTTCTCTTCCGGCGAAAGTTTCGATTTGGGCAAAACCGCCCCGCGCATCATCGGGATAATGATGGACAACTTGGAAAACCATCCCTGCCTGCGCCGGAAATAA", "fmax": "66279", "accession": "KI391932.1", "fmin": "65646", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "521006", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37080"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ACF30254.1", "sequence": "MRKTKTEALKTKEHLMLAALETFYRKGIARTSLNEIAQAAGVTRGALYWHFKNKEDLFDALFQRICDDIENCIAQDAADAEGGSWTVFRHTLLHFFERLQSNDIYYKFHNILFLKCEHTEQNAAVIAIARKHQAIWREKITAVLTEAVENQDLADDLDKETAVIFIKSTLDGLIWRWFSSGESFDLGKTAPRIIGIMMDNLENHPCLRRK"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"36001": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36001", "category_aro_accession": "0010000", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell."}, "36005": {"category_aro_name": "resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36005", "category_aro_accession": "0010004", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) proteins are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have diverse substrate specificities and physiological roles. However, there are relatively few RND transporters and they are secondary transporters, energized not by ATP binding/hydrolysis but by proton movement down the transmembrane electrochemical gradient."}, "36590": {"category_aro_name": "protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36590", "category_aro_accession": "3000451", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Regulator", "category_aro_description": "Protein(s) and two component regulatory systems that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36298": {"category_aro_name": "efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36298", "category_aro_accession": "3000159", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Component", "category_aro_description": "Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance."}, "36297": {"category_aro_name": "azithromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36297", "category_aro_accession": "3000158", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide and falls under the subclass of azalide. Like other macrolides, azithromycin binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The nitrogen substitution at the C-9a position prevents its degradation."}, "35925": {"category_aro_name": "erythromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35925", "category_aro_accession": "0000006", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a 14-carbon ring that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people that have an allergy to penicillins. Erythromycin may possess bacteriocidal activity, particularly at higher concentrations by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S rRNA complex, inhibiting peptidyl-tRNA translocation. Thus, protein synthesis and subsequently structure/function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoea mtrR with mutation conferring resistance", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "42987", "model_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoea mtrR with mutation conferring resistance", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "3646": {"model_id": "3646", "ARO_accession": "3004836", "model_param": {"43161": {"param_value": {"9377": "GGATAAAAAGTCTTTTT:insTT", "9376": "GGATAAAAAGTCTTTTT:delA"}, "param_type_id": "43161", "param_type": "disruptive mutation in regulatory element", "param_description": "A mutation, i.e. insertion, deletion or other, in the promoter region of a gene which disrupts the translation of that gene, thereby impacting protein function."}, "blastn_bit_score": {"param_value": "5300", "param_type_id": "41093", "param_type": "BLASTN bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models without a protein reference sequence but including a nucleotide reference sequence, e.g. the rRNA gene variant model. The BLASTN bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTN analysis of the canonical nucleotide reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated gene against the database of CARD reference sequences. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific gene amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9358": "A2045G", "9357": "C2597T", "9356": "A2145G", "9355": "C2600T"}, "clinical": {"9358": "A2045G", "9357": "C2597T", "9356": "A2145G", "9355": "C2600T"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutation in the 23S rRNA of Neisseria gonorrhoea shown to confer resistance to azithromycin, a macrolide type antibiotic", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5918": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TGAAATGATAGAGTCAAGTGAATAAGTGCATCAGGCGGATGCCTTGGCGATGATAGGCGACGAAGGACGTGTAAGCCTGCGAAAAGCGCGGGGGAGCTGGCAATAAAGCAATGATCCCGCGGTGTCCGAATGGGGAAACCCACTGCATTCTGTGCAGTATCCTAAGTTGAATACATAGGCTTAGAGAAGCGAACCCGGAGAACTGAACCATCTAAGTACCCGGAGGAAAAGAAATCAACCGAGATTCCGCAAGTAGTGGCGAGCGAACGCGGAGGAGCCTGTACGTAATAACTGTCGAGGTAGAAGAACAAGCTGGGAAGCTTGACCATAGCGGGTGACAGTCCCGTATTCGAAATCTCAACAGCGGTACTAAGCGTACGAAAAGTAGGGCGGGACACGTGAAATCCTGTCTGAATATGGGGGGACCATCCTCCAAGGCTAAATACTCATCATCGACCGATAGTGAACCAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGGCGAAAAGAACCCCGGGAGGGGAGTGAAACAGAACCTGAAACCTGATGCATACAAACAGTGGGAGCGCCCTAGTGGTGTGACTGCGTACCTTTTGTATAATGGGTCAACGACTTACATTCAGTAGCGAGCTTAACCGGATAGGGGAGGCGTAGGGAAACCGAGTCTTAATAGGGCGATGAGTTGCTGGGTGTAGACCCGAAACCGAGTGATCTATCCATGGCCAGGTTGAAGGTGCCGTAACAGGTACTGGAGGACCGAACCCACGCATGTTGCAAAATGCGGGGATGAGCTGTGGGTAGGGGTGAAAGGCTAAACAAACTCGGAGATAGCTGGTTCTCCCCGAAAACTATTTAGGTAGTGCCTCGAGCAAGACACTGATGGGGGTAAAGCACTGTTATGGCTAGGGGGTTATTGCAACTTACCAACCCATGGCAAACTCAGAATACCATCAAGTGGTTCCTCGGGAGACAGACAGCGGGTGCTAACGTCCGTTGTCAAGAGGGAAACAACCCAGACCGCCGGCTAAGGTCCCAAATGATAGATTAAGTGGTAAACGAAGTGGGAAGGCACAGACAGCCAGGATGTTGGCTTAGAAGCAGCCATCATTTAAAGAAAGCGTAATAGCTCACTGGTCGAGTCGTCCTGCGCGGAAGATGTAACGGGGCTCAAATCTATAACCGAAGCTGCGGATGCCGGTTTACCGGCATGGTAGGGGAGCGTTCTGTAGGCTGATGAAGGTGCATTGTAAAGTGTGCTGGAGGTATCAGAAGTGCGAATGTTGACATGAGTAGCGATAAAGCGGGTGAAAAGCCCGCTCGCCGAAAGCCCAAGGTTTCCTACGCAACGTTCATCGGCGTAGGGTGAGTCGGCCCCTAAGGCGAGGCAGAAATGCGTAGTCGATGGGAAACAGGTTAATATTCCTGTACTTGATTCAAATGCGATGTGGGGACGGAGAAGGTTAGGTTGGCAAGCTGTTGGAATAGCTTGTTTAAGCCGGTAGGTGGAAGACTTAGGCAAATCCGGGTTTTCTTAACACCGAAGAAGTGATGACGAGTGTTTACGGACACGAAGCAACCGATACCACGCTTCCAGGAAAAGCCACTAAGCTTCAGTTTGAATCGAACCGTACCGCAAACCGACACAGGTGGGCAGGATGAGAATTCTAAGGCGCTTGAGAGAACTCGGGAGAAGGAACTCGGCAAATTGATACCGTAACTTCGGGAGAAGGTATGCCCTCTAAGGTTAAGGACTTGCTCCGTAAGCCCCGGAGGGTCGCAGAGAATAGGTGGCTGCGACTTGTTTATTAAAAACACGAGCACTCTTGCCAACACGAAAGTGGACGTATAGGGTGTAACGCCTGCCCGGTGCCGGAAGGTTAATTGAAGATGTGCAAGCATCGGATCGAAGCCCCGGTAAACGGCGGCCGTAACTATAACGGTCCTAAGGTAGCGAAATTCCTTGTCGGGTAAGTTCCGACCCGCACGAATGGCGTAACGATGGCCACACTGTCTCCTCCCGAGACTCAGCGAAGTTGAAGTGGTTGTGAAGATGCAATCTACCCGCTGCTAGACGGAAAGACCCCGTGAACCTTTACTGTAGCTTTGCATTGGACTTTGAAGTCACTTGTGTAGGATAGGTGGAAGGCTTGGAAGCAAAGACGCCAGTCTCTGTGGAGTCGTCCTTGAAAATACCACCCTGGTGTCTTTGAGGTTCTAACCCAGACCCGTCATCCGGGTCGGGGACCGTGCATGGTAGGCAGTTTGACTGGGGCGGTCTCCTCCCAAAGCGTAACGGAGGAGTTCGAAGGTTACCTAGGTCCGGTCGGAAATCGGACTGATAGTGCAATGGCAAAAGGTAGCTTAACTGCGAGACCGACAAGTCGGGCAGGTGCGAAAGCAGGACATAGTGATCCGGTGGTTCTGTATGGAAGGGCCATCGCTCAACGGATAAAAGGTACTCCGGGGATAACAGGCTTGATTCCGCCCAAGAGTTCATATCGACGGCGGAGTTTGGCACCTCGATGTCGGCTCATCACATCCTGGGGCTGTAGTCGGTCCCAAGGGTATGGCTGTTCGCCATTTTAAAGTGGTACGTGAGTTGGGTTTAAAACGTCGTGAGACAGTTTGGTCCCTATCTGCAGTGGGCGTTGGAAGTTTGACGGGGGCTGCTCCTAGTACGAGAGGACCGGAGTGGACGAACCTCTGGTGTACCGGTTGTAACGCCAGTTGCATAGCCGGGTAGCTAAGTTCGGAAGAGATAAGCGCTGAAAGCATCTAAGCGCGAAACTCGCCTGAAGATGAGACTTCCCTTGCGGTTTAACCGCACTAAAGGGTCGTTCGAGACCAGGACGTTGATAGGTGGGGTGTGGAAGCGCGGTAACGCGTGAAGCTAACCCATACTAATTGCCCGTGAGGCTTGACTCT", "fmax": "2910", "accession": "NR_103957", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "", "sequence": ""}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "41251": {"category_aro_name": "23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41251", "category_aro_accession": "3004125", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Nucleotide point mutations in the 23S rRNA subunit may confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics."}, "36297": {"category_aro_name": "azithromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36297", "category_aro_accession": "3000158", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide and falls under the subclass of azalide. Like other macrolides, azithromycin binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The nitrogen substitution at the C-9a position prevents its degradation."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoea 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to azithromycin", "model_type": "rRNA gene variant model", "model_description": "The rRNA gene variant model is an AMR detection model used to identify ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes with mutations shown clinically to confer resistance to known antibiotic(s) relative to the wild-type rRNA sequence. Like the protein variant model, rRNA gene variant models detect the presence of an rRNA sequence based on its homolog, and then secondarily search submitted query sequences for a curated mutation. This model includes an rRNA gene reference sequence, a BLASTN bitscore cutoff, and a set of mapped resistance variants. A submitted sequence must have both high homolog to the reference sequence and include a known resistance variant to be detected.", "ARO_id": "42966", "model_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoea 23S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to azithromycin", "model_type_id": "40295"}, "3701": {"model_id": "3701", "ARO_accession": "3004873", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "200", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9360": "R229S"}, "clinical": {"9360": "R229S"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "Point mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5974": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCACGACACGTTTGGCGGGCAGGACGGTTTGAAATCGGTTTGGACAAACCGAAAATCATGGGCATCGTGAATCTCACGCCCGATTCTTTTTCCGACGGCGGCGCGTATTCGCAAAACGCCCAAACAGCTTTGGCGCATGCCGAACGGCTTTTGAAAGAGGGTGCGGACATTCTCGACATCGGCGGCGAATCGACGCGGCCGGGTGCGGATTTCGTTCCGCCCGAAGAAGAAGAATGGGCGCGGGTTGAGCCTGTATTGGCGGAAGCGGCGGGGTGGGGCGTTCCCGTCAGTTTGGACACGCGCCGCACGGTGGTTATGGAAAAGGCGTTGGCACTCGGCGGCATCGATATTATCAATGATGTGGCGGCGTTGACCGACGAAGGTGCGGTCGAATTGCTGGCGCGCCAGGCGGACACGGGCATTTGCCTGATGCATATGCGGGGCTTGCCCGAAACCATGCAGGACAATCCGAAATATCAGGATGTGGTCGGCGAAGTGGCACGTTATCTGAAAACACGGTCAGAAACCTGTGTCGCGGCAGGCATCGCGCCGCAACGGATTACGCTCGACCCGGGTTTCGGCTTCGGCAAGAACCTGCAACACAATATCGCACTGATGCGGCATTTGCCCGAATTGATGGCGGAAACCGGTTTGCCGCTGCTGATCGGTGTGTCGCGCAAACGCATGATAGGTGAGCTGACCGGTGAGGCGGACGCGGCGGCGCGCGTACACGGCAGCGTGGCAGCGGCTTTGGCTTCCGTGGCACGCGGAGCGCAAATCGTGCGCGTGCACGATGTGAAGGCGACGGCGGACGCGTTGAAGGTGTGGGAAGCGTTGGGCGTGAACCGGTAA", "fmax": "1957185", "accession": "WHPL01000002", "fmin": "1956330", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "KAE9504908.1", "sequence": "MARHVWRAGRFEIGLDKPKIMGIVNLTPDSFSDGGAYSQNAQTALAHAERLLKEGADILDIGGESTRPGADFVPPEEEEWARVEPVLAEAAGWGVPVSLDTRRTVVMEKALALGGIDIINDVAALTDEGAVELLARQADTGICLMHMRGLPETMQDNPKYQDVVGEVARYLKTRSETCVAAGIAPQRITLDPGFGFGKNLQHNIALMRHLPELMAETGLPLLIGVSRKRMIGELTGEADAAARVHGSVAAALASVARGAQIVRVHDVKATADALKVWEALGVNR"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "39999": {"category_aro_name": "sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthase folP", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "39999", "category_aro_accession": "3003415", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Point mutations in dihydropteroate synthase folP prevent sulfonamide antibiotics from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring sulfonamide resistance"}, "36421": {"category_aro_name": "sulfonamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36421", "category_aro_accession": "3000282", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Sulfonamides are broad spectrum, synthetic antibiotics that contain the sulfonamide group. Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroic acid as part of the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor of many nucleotides and amino acids. Many sulfamides are taken with trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, also disturbing the trihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "43059", "model_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae folP with mutation conferring resistance to sulfonamides", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "3704": {"model_id": "3704", "ARO_accession": "3004956", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "A score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment with higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. Many AMR detection models use this parameter, including the protein homolog and protein variant models. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of a specific protein amongst a batch of submitted sequences."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"9374": "G70D"}, "clinical": {"9374": "G70D"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type. The most common type encoded in the CARD is an amino acid substitution gleaned from the literature with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q. When present in the associated gene or protein, a single resistance variant confers resistance to an antibiotic drug or drug class. Single resistance variants are used by the protein variant and rRNA mutation models to detect antibiotic resistance from submitted sequences."}}, "ARO_description": "rpld encodes for the 50S L4 ribosomal protein, is a macrolide resistance protein identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"5981": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "1", "sequence": "TCATACCCATTGCTCCTCTAATTGTGCAACCGCATCTTTAGTGATGATTACTTTTTTATAACGCAGCAAGCTGTAAGGATCAACTTGTTGAGCTTCCAAAACCAATACGTTTGGCAAGTTGCGTGAAGCCAAGTAAACATTCTCGTCGAGCCGTTTGGTTACAAACAGCACTTGCTCCAGAGCCAAATTTTTTACTTGTTCGGCAAAAACTTTGGTTTTGGGAGTTTCGGCAGTCAACGCCTCAATCACAAACAAACGCTCGTCACGCGCCAATTGGGACAGGATAGTCGCCATACCGGCACGGTACATTTTACGGTTTACTTTTTGAGTGAAGTTTTCGTCGGGTTTGTTCGGGAACGCGCGACCGCCTTTACGCCACAGCGGAGAAGAAGTCATACCGGAACGGGCGCGGCCGGTACCTTTTTGACGCCATGGTTTTTTGGTTGAGTGTTTTACTTCGGCACGGGTTTTTTGAGCACGGTTACCAGAGCGGGCGTTTGCCAAGTAGGCATTTACCAGCTGGTGAACCAACGCTTCATTGTATTCGCGGGCGAACAAAGCATCAGAAACAGACAGGCTGCCTGAAACTTGTCCTTTAGCGTCAATTACTTTCAATTCCAT", "fmax": "1805929", "accession": "AE004969", "fmin": "1805308", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA 1090", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "242231", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "40638"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "YP_208871", "sequence": "MELKVIDAKGQVSGSLSVSDALFAREYNEALVHQLVNAYLANARSGNRAQKTRAEVKHSTKKPWRQKGTGRARSGMTSSPLWRKGGRAFPNKPDENFTQKVNRKMYRAGMATILSQLARDERLFVIEALTAETPKTKVFAEQVKNLALEQVLFVTKRLDENVYLASRNLPNVLVLEAQQVDPYSLLRYKKVIITKDAVAQLEEQWV"}}}}, "ARO_category": {"35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "43188": {"category_aro_name": "50S rRNA with mutation conferring resistance to macrolide antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43188", "category_aro_accession": "3005001", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Nucleotide point mutations in the 50S rRNA subunit (not in the 23s rRNA range) may confer resistance to macrolide antibiotics."}, "36297": {"category_aro_name": "azithromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36297", "category_aro_accession": "3000158", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Azithromycin is a 15-membered macrolide and falls under the subclass of azalide. Like other macrolides, azithromycin binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The nitrogen substitution at the C-9a position prevents its degradation."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}, "ARO_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae rpld", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "The protein variant model is an AMR detection model. Protein variant models are similar to protein homolog models - they detect the presence of a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily search submitted query sequences for curated sets of mutations shown clinically to confer resistance relative to wild-type. This model includes a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of: single resistance variants, insertions, deletions, co-dependent resistance variants, nonsense SNPs, and/or frameshift mutations. Protein variant model matches to reference sequences are categorized on two criteria: strict and loose. A strict match has a BLASTP bitscore above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants; a loose match has a BLASTP bitscore below the curated BLASTP cutoff value but still contains at least one detected mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants. Regardless of BLASTP bitscore, if a sequence does not contain one of the mapped resistance variants, it is not considered a match and not detected by the protein variant model.", "ARO_id": "43142", "model_name": "rpld", "model_type_id": "40293"}}}