{"$update": {"3783": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36220": {"category_aro_name": "glycopeptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36220", "category_aro_accession": "3000081", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycopeptide antibiotics are natural products produced non-ribosomally by Actinomycetales bacteria. With the exception of bleomycins, they act by binding the terminal D-Ala-D-Ala in peptidoglycan precursors of the growing bacterial cell wall and are generally active against Gram-positive bacteria.  This inhibits transglycosylation leading to cell death due to osmotic stress."}, "35989": {"category_aro_name": "linezolid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35989", "category_aro_accession": "0000072", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic used for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35947": {"category_aro_name": "vancomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35947", "category_aro_accession": "0000028", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is unusual in that it acts by binding precursors of peptidoglycan, rather than by interacting with an enzyme."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}}}}}, "_timestamp": "2022-09-12T15:40:11+00:00", "431": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "1643": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36001", "36002", "36590", "35919", "36298", "40429", "35925"]}}}, "3804": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36593": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36593", "category_aro_accession": "3000454", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Polymyxin B is mixture of mostly polymyxins B1 and B2, mainly used for resistant gram-negative infections. They are polypeptides with cationic detergent action on cell membranes."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}}}}, "_version": "3.2.5", "3803": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36593": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36593", "category_aro_accession": "3000454", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Polymyxin B is mixture of mostly polymyxins B1 and B2, mainly used for resistant gram-negative infections. They are polypeptides with cationic detergent action on cell membranes."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}}}}, "5712": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "40361": {"category_aro_name": "faropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40361", "category_aro_accession": "3003707", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Faropenem is an orally active beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penem group."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35976": {"category_aro_name": "cefepime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35976", "category_aro_accession": "0000059", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefepime (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. It contains an aminothiazolyl group that decreases its affinity with beta-lactamases. Cefepime shows high binding affinity with penicillin-binding proteins and has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35987": {"category_aro_name": "ertapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35987", "category_aro_accession": "0000070", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ertapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic and is highly resistant to beta-lactamases like other carbapenems. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis."}, "35990": {"category_aro_name": "meropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35990", "category_aro_accession": "0000073", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem."}}}}}, "2743": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "3658": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "New Delhi class B metallo-beta-lactamase-16a variant of NDM-1.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-16a", "model_name": "NDM-16a", "ARO_name": "NDM-16a"}}, "2744": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "2660": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AcrA is a subunit of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system in E. cloacae."}}, "2092": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "35963": {"category_aro_name": "acriflavine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35963", "category_aro_accession": "0000045", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Acriflavine is a topical antiseptic. It has the form of an orange or brown powder. It may be harmful in the eyes or if inhaled. Acriflavine is also used as treatment for external fungal infections of aquarium fish."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}, "model_name": "Enterobacter aerogenes acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance", "ARO_name": "Enterobacter aerogenes acrR with mutation conferring multidrug antibiotic resistance"}}, "1894": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "2014": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36001", "36590"]}}}, "1005": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}}}}}, "2306": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "2066": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"45604": {"category_aro_name": "enrofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45604", "category_aro_accession": "3007045", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Enrofloxacin is a board-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine predominately for dogs and cats but is sometimes used for other animals."}}}}}, "5758": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"snp": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["12550", "12551", "12549"]}, "clinical": {"$delete": ["12550", "12551", "12549"]}}}}, "$insert": {"41340": {"param_value": {"12712": "+E464-465", "12713": "+N464-465", "12716": "+A595-596", "12714": "+G595-596", "12715": "+S595-596"}, "param_type_id": "41340", "param_type": "insertion mutation", "param_description": "A detection model parameter to describe a set of mapped insertion mutations. A insertion mutation refers to the addition of one or more nucleotides to a DNA strand. In publications, insertion mutations may be reported in nucleotide or in peptide format. Insertion mutations not of a multiple of 3 cause frameshifts in the nucleotide open reading frame. However, the insertion mutation parameter only refers to insertions which modify the peptide sequence and/or change its function, but do not result in premature termination or functional protein knockout."}}}}}}, "$insert": {"5821": {"model_id": "5821", "ARO_accession": "3007210", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "550", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "Nocardia farcinica rox is a rifampin monooxygenase that inactivates rifampin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8513": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGATCGATGTGATCATCGCGGGTGGCGGACCGACCGGCTTGATGCTGGCCGGCGAACTGCGCCTGCACGGTGTGCGCACGGTGGTACTGGAGAAGGAGCCCACCCCGAACCAGCACTCCCGCAGTCGGGGCCTGCACGCGCGCAGCATCGAGGTGATGGACCAGCGCGGGCTGCTGGAGCGGTTCCTCGCGCACGGCGAGCAGTTCCGGGTCGGCGGGTTCTTCGCCGGGCTGGCCGCCGAATGGCCCGCCGACCTGGACACCGCGCACTCCTACGTGCTCGCGATTCCCCAGGTCGTCACCGAGCGCCTGCTCACCGAGCACGCCACCGAACTCGGCGCCGAGATCCGCCGCGGCTGCGAAGTGGCCGGGTTGGATCAGGACGCGGACGGGGTGACCGCCGAGCTGGCCGACGGCACGCGGTTGCGCGCCCGGTACCTGGTCGGCTGCGACGGCGGACGCTCGACCGTGCGCCGTCTGCTCGGGGTCGACTTCCCCGGCGAACCCACCCGGGTCGAGACGTTGCTGGCCGACGTGCGGATCGACGTGCCGGTCGAGACACTGACCGCGGTGGTCGCCGAGGTGCGCAAGACCCAACTGCGATTCGGGGCCGTCCCGGCCGGCGACGGGTTCTTCCGGCTGATCGTGCCCGCGCAGGGCCTGTCCGCGGACCGCGCCGCACCCACCCTCGACGAGCTGAAGCGATGCCTGCACGCGACGGCGGGCACCGATTTCGGCGTGCACTCCCCGCGCTGGCTGTCCCGCTTCGGCGACGCCACCCGGCTCGCCGAGCGCTACCGCACCGGGCGGGTGCTGCTGGCGGGCGACGCCGCCCACATCCATCCGCCGACCGGCGGCCAGGGCCTCAATCTGGGCATCCAGGACGCCTTCAACCTCGGCTGGAAGCTCGCCGCCGCGATCGGCGGCTGGGCGCCGCCGGACCTGCTGGACAGCTACCACGACGAACGCCATCCGGTCGCCGCCGAGGTGCTGGACAACACCCGCGCCCAGATGACGCTGCTCTCCCTCGACCCCGGCCCGCGCGCGGTGCGCAGACTGATGGCGGAGCTGGTCGAATTCCCCGACGTGAACCGGCACCTGATCGAGAAGATCACCGCGATCGCCGTCCGCTACGACCTCGGCGACGGCCACGACCTGGTCGGTCGACGGCTGCGCGACATCCCGCTCACCGAAGGCCGCCTCTACGAGCGGATGCGCGGCGGCCGCGGGCTGCTGCTCGACCGGACCGGGCGGCTGTCGGTATCGGGCTGGTCCGACCGCGTCGACCACCTCGCCGACCCGGGCGCGGCGCTCGACGTCCCGGCGGCGCTGCTGCGCCCGGACGGGCACGTCGCGTGGGTGGGCGAGGACCAGGACGATCTGCTCGCCCACCTGCCCCGCTGGTTCGGCGCCGCCACCTGA", "fmax": "3748798", "accession": "AP006618.1", "fmin": "3747376", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "247156", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "41346"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAD58386.1", "sequence": "MIDVIIAGGGPTGLMLAGELRLHGVRTVVLEKEPTPNQHSRSRGLHARSIEVMDQRGLLERFLAHGEQFRVGGFFAGLAAEWPADLDTAHSYVLAIPQVVTERLLTEHATELGAEIRRGCEVAGLDQDADGVTAELADGTRLRARYLVGCDGGRSTVRRLLGVDFPGEPTRVETLLADVRIDVPVETLTAVVAEVRKTQLRFGAVPAGDGFFRLIVPAQGLSADRAAPTLDELKRCLHATAGTDFGVHSPRWLSRFGDATRLAERYRTGRVLLAGDAAHIHPPTGGQGLNLGIQDAFNLGWKLAAAIGGWAPPDLLDSYHDERHPVAAEVLDNTRAQMTLLSLDPGPRAVRRLMAELVEFPDVNRHLIEKITAIAVRYDLGDGHDLVGRRLRDIPLTEGRLYERMRGGRGLLLDRTGRLSVSGWSDRVDHLADPGAALDVPAALLRPDGHVAWVGEDQDDLLAHLPRWFGAAT"}}}}, "model_name": "Nocardia farcinica rox", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36584": {"category_aro_name": "rifampin monooxygenase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36584", "category_aro_accession": "3000445", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Enzyme responsible for the decolorization of rifampin by monoxygenation."}, "36308": {"category_aro_name": "rifampin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36308", "category_aro_accession": "3000169", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifampin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin, and inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase. Rifampin is the mainstay agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy and complicated Gram-positive infections."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}, "ARO_name": "Nocardia farcinica rox", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "Nfar_rox", "ARO_id": "45954", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5820": {"model_id": "5820", "ARO_accession": "3007209", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "600", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "Streptomyces venezuelae rox is a class A flavoprotein monooxygenase that confers resistance to rifamycin antibiotics. It acts by oxygenating the naphthyl group of the antibiotic, leading to a ring opening event and linearization of the molecule.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8512": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTTGACGTGATCGTTGTCGGTGGCGGTCCGACCGGCTTGATGCTGGCCGGCGAACTGCGGCTGCACGGCGTGCGCGTACTCGTGCTGGAGAAGGAGACGGAGCCGACGCGGCAGTCCCGCGCGCAGGGGCTGCACGTCCGCAGCATCGAGGTGATGGCCCAGCGCGGGCTCCTGGAGCGCTTCCTCGAACGCGGGCACACGGTCGCGGTCGGCGGCTTCTTCGCCGGTCTGGCGACCTCGTGGCCCGAGCGGCTGGACACCGCGCACTCGTACGTCCTCGCCGTCCCGCAGGTGATCACCGAGCAGCTGCTGGCCGAGCACGCCACCGCACTCGGAGCCGAGATCCGACGCGGCCGGGCACTGGTCGGTCTCCGCCAGGACGAGGACGGCGTGACGGTCGACCTGGCCGACGGCGAACAGCTGCGCGCACGGTACGTCGTCGGCTGCGACGGCGGCCGCAGCACGGTGCGCAAGCTGCTCGGCGTGGCGTTCCCCGGCGAGCCGTCCAGGGTCGAGACCCTGCTCGGCGAGATGGAGATGACCGCCTCCCAGGAGGAGTTGACCTCCGTCATGACCGAGGTCCGCAAGACCCAGCAGCGATTCGGCGCGATGCCCCTGGGGGACGGGGTCTTCCGCGTCGTCGTCCCCGCCGAGGGCGTCGCCGAGGACCGGACGGCCTCCCCGACCCTCGACGAGTTCAAGCAGCAGCTGCGGGCCCACGCCGGGACGGACTTCGGCGTGCACTCGCCCCGGTGGCTCTCCCGCTTCGGCGACGCCACCCGACAGGCCGAGCGCTACCGGGTCGACCGGGTGTTCCTCGCTGGCGACGCGGCGCACATCCACCCGCCGACCGGCGGGCAGGGCCTCAACCTCGGCATCCAGGACGCGTTCAACCTCGGCTGGAAGCTGGCCGCCGAGGTCGACGGCTGGGCGCCGGAGGGACTCCTCGACACGTACCACGCCGAGCGGCACCCGGTGGCCACCGAGGTCCTGGACAACACCCGCGCGCAGATCCAGCTGATGTCGACGGAGCCGGGGCCGCAGGCGGTCCGCCGGCTCATGGCGGAACTCGTGGAGTTCGAGAACGTCAACCGGTACCTGATCGAGAAGATCACGGCGATCTCGGTCCGTTACGACGTCGGCGAGGGCCACGAGCTGCTCGGCCGCCGGATGCGGGACCTCGCGCTCAAGCACGGCCGGCTCTACGAGCGGATGCACGAGGGCCGTGGACTGCTGCTCGACCAGACCGGCCGGCTCTCGGTCGCCGGGTGGGAGGACCGGGTCGACCACGTCGTCGAGGTCAGCGAGGAACTGGACGTGCCCGCGGTGCTGCTGCGTCCCGACGGCCACGTCGTGTGGGCGGGCGAGGACCAGCAGGAGCTGCTCACCCGGATGCCCGCGTGGTTCGGCGCCGCCACGGCCGGCTGA", "fmax": "519844", "accession": "CP018074.1", "fmin": "518413", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptomyces venezuelae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "54571", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36873"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "APE19944.1", "sequence": "MFDVIVVGGGPTGLMLAGELRLHGVRVLVLEKETEPTRQSRAQGLHVRSIEVMAQRGLLERFLERGHTVAVGGFFAGLATSWPERLDTAHSYVLAVPQVITEQLLAEHATALGAEIRRGRALVGLRQDEDGVTVDLADGEQLRARYVVGCDGGRSTVRKLLGVAFPGEPSRVETLLGEMEMTASQEELTSVMTEVRKTQQRFGAMPLGDGVFRVVVPAEGVAEDRTASPTLDEFKQQLRAHAGTDFGVHSPRWLSRFGDATRQAERYRVDRVFLAGDAAHIHPPTGGQGLNLGIQDAFNLGWKLAAEVDGWAPEGLLDTYHAERHPVATEVLDNTRAQIQLMSTEPGPQAVRRLMAELVEFENVNRYLIEKITAISVRYDVGEGHELLGRRMRDLALKHGRLYERMHEGRGLLLDQTGRLSVAGWEDRVDHVVEVSEELDVPAVLLRPDGHVVWAGEDQQELLTRMPAWFGAATAG"}}}}, "model_name": "Streptomyces venezuelae rox", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36584": {"category_aro_name": "rifampin monooxygenase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36584", "category_aro_accession": "3000445", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Enzyme responsible for the decolorization of rifampin by monoxygenation."}, "36308": {"category_aro_name": "rifampin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36308", "category_aro_accession": "3000169", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifampin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin, and inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase. Rifampin is the mainstay agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy and complicated Gram-positive infections."}, "36673": {"category_aro_name": "rifapentine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36673", "category_aro_accession": "3000534", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifapentine is a semisynthetic rifamycin that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. It is often used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy."}, "36656": {"category_aro_name": "rifaximin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36656", "category_aro_accession": "3000517", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin used to treat traveller's diarrhea. Rifaximin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}, "ARO_name": "Streptomyces venezuelae rox", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "Sven_rox", "ARO_id": "45953", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5823": {"model_id": "5823", "ARO_accession": "3007212", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-35 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8515": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGACCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ265788.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QVU28098.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGDRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-35", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-35", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-35", "ARO_id": "45956", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5822": {"model_id": "5822", "ARO_accession": "3007211", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-34 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8514": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATATGGTTTTCCGCCAGATCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ254705.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Vibrio parahaemolyticus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "670", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39615"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QVU28093.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDMVFRQIAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-34", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-34", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-34", "ARO_id": "45955", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5825": {"model_id": "5825", "ARO_accession": "3007214", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-37 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8517": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTTATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "99761", "accession": "CP091926.1", "fmin": "98948", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ULB43298.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITYTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-37", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-37", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-37", "ARO_id": "45958", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5830": {"model_id": "5830", "ARO_accession": "3007219", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-42 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8522": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCTCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "833", "accession": "ON205946.1", "fmin": "20", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UOU25745.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMLGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-42", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-42", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-42", "ARO_id": "45963", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5827": {"model_id": "5827", "ARO_accession": "3007216", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-39 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8519": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCTCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ748325.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QYZ89892.1", "sequence": "MELLNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-39", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-39", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-39", "ARO_id": "45960", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5831": {"model_id": "5831", "ARO_accession": "3007220", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-43 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8523": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCAATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCAACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "ON954084.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UTQ48691.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPNSRAAITHTARMANKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-43", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-43", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-43", "ARO_id": "45964", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5829": {"model_id": "5829", "ARO_accession": "3007218", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-41 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8521": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGGTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ913436.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UAX43328.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKVSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-41", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-41", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-41", "ARO_id": "45962", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5828": {"model_id": "5828", "ARO_accession": "3007217", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-40 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8520": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCGCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ748326.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QYZ89893.1", "sequence": "MELRNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-40", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-40", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-40", "ARO_id": "45961", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5826": {"model_id": "5826", "ARO_accession": "3007215", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-38 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8518": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCGTGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "MZ359766.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Providencia rettgeri", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "587", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36944"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QWO25674.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCVPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-38", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-38", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-38", "ARO_id": "45959", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5818": {"model_id": "5818", "ARO_accession": "3007206", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KBL-1 is a KBL class A beta-lactamase that confers resistance to a number of penicillin antibiotics.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8510": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTCTTACATTTCCCTTCGCGGCGGCGGTTTCGATCCTGTTCGCGCTTCCCCTCCATGCCGAAACCGTGGCCGAAGCCGCCCGCGCGCTCGAGGCCGAACTCGGCGGCCGGATCGGTGTCGTTCTGCGCGCTCCCGAAGACGATCCTTTGGCGGTCTGGCGCGGCGACGAAGCCTTTCCCATGGCCAGCACCTTCAAGGTGCCGCTTTGCGGCGCGGTCCTTGCGCGGATCGATGCGGGCGAAGAGCAAGCGGCGCGGATCCTGCCGGTCGAAACCGCCGCTCTGGTCGAATGGTCGCCGGTCACCGAACAGCAGGCGGGCCGCGGGATGAGCATTGCCGATCTCTGCCATGCCACGATCACCATGAGCGACAATACCGCCGCCAATCTTCTGCTCGACACGGTCGGCGGGCCTGCCGGTCTGACCGCTTTCCTGCGCGATATCGGCGATGCGACGACGCGGCTCGACCGCACCGAACCGGCGCTGAACGAGGCCCTGCCCGAGGATATGCGCGACACGACGACGCCGGCGGCGATGGCCGACACGCTGGAGCTTCTGCTGTTTTCCGAACTCCTCTCGCCCGAGGCGCGGGCGCAGCTTGAAAGCTGGATGCGGCAGGATGCCGTCGCCGACGACCTGCTGCGCGCGAGCCTGCCCGAGGGCTGGATGATCGGCGACAAGACCGGCGCGGGCGGCAACGGTTCGCGCTCGATCATCGCCGTCCTTCGGGGACCGGCGGGCGAGCCTTGGCTGGCGACCGTCTACATGACGCAAACCGGCGGGGATATGGACAAGCGCAACGCGGCCATTGCCCGCATCGGCGCGGCCATGATCGGCGAAATCCAAGCAAGGCGCTAA", "fmax": "861", "accession": "LC579778.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "40324", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37076"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BCL63355.1", "sequence": "MRLTFPFAAAVSILFALPLHAETVAEAARALEAELGGRIGVVLRAPEDDPLAVWRGDEAFPMASTFKVPLCGAVLARIDAGEEQAARILPVETAALVEWSPVTEQQAGRGMSIADLCHATITMSDNTAANLLLDTVGGPAGLTAFLRDIGDATTRLDRTEPALNEALPEDMRDTTTPAAMADTLELLLFSELLSPEARAQLESWMRQDAVADDLLRASLPEGWMIGDKTGAGGNGSRSIIAVLRGPAGEPWLATVYMTQTGGDMDKRNAAIARIGAAMIGEIQARR"}}}}, "model_name": "KBL-1", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45949": {"category_aro_name": "KBL beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45949", "category_aro_accession": "3007205", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Kathmandu beta-lactamases are a group of class A beta-lactamases that hydrolyze penicillin antibiotics."}, "36976": {"category_aro_name": "benzylpenicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36976", "category_aro_accession": "3000632", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Benzylpenicillin, commonly referred to as penicillin G, is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is unstable in acid."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "KBL-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KBL-1", "ARO_id": "45950", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5819": {"model_id": "5819", "ARO_accession": "3007208", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "HelR is a helicase-like protein that confers resistance to rifamycins by displacing them from the RNA polymerase complex. The protein forces the antibiotic away from the polymerase by binding in its place. It then ejects itself from the complex, allowing the polymerase to resume normal function.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8511": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGCGTGTGCTTTCGTCGGTGGACCAGTTGGACGGCACCAGTGCGTTCGACCTTCCCGACCGCCTCTCCGCCAAGACCGACCCGGCGCTGATCGCCGCGGACGAGCGGCACTTCTCGGCCATCGCGAAGAGCCTCGCGGAGACGATCACCGAGCTGTCCGACCGGCTGGACGCCACGCGCAAGGCGCCCGGCGGGGTCGGCCGGGAGGCGATGGACCGCGACGCGGAGATCCACCGCCTGACCGGCAGGCTGCGCACCCTCCGCCGCTTCGGCCTCGACCTGTGCCTCGGGCGCATCGTGACGGCGGACGACGCGGAGCCGGTGTACGTCGGGCGCCTCGGGCTCACCGACAGCACCGGGCGCCGCCTCCTCGTCGACTGGCGCTCCCCCGCGGCCGAGCCGTTCTTCGCGGCCACCCACGCCGACCCGATGGGGCTGACGAGCCGCCGCAGGTACCGCTGGACCGGGGGCCGCGTCAGTGACTACTGGGACGAGGTGTTCACCGCCGACGGTCTCGAGGAGCACGCGGCACTGGACGACCAGTCGGCGTTCATCGCCAGCCTGGGCAGCAGCCGTTCGCCGCAGATGCGCGATGTGCTCGCCACCATCCAGGCCGACCAGGACGCCATCATCCGCGCCGGGTCCCGCGGCACCCTCGTCGTCGACGGCGGACCGGGCACGGGCAAGACCGTCGTCGCCCTGCACCGCTCCGCGCACCTGCTGTACGCGGACCCGCGCCTCGGACACCGGCGGGGCGGGGTCCTCTTCGTCGGCCCGCACCAGCCCTACCTGGCGTACGTCGCCGACGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCGGCGAGGAGGGCGTGCGGACCTGCACCGTGCGGGACCTCGTCGCCGAGGGCGCCGGAGCGGCCGTCGAGCGGGACGCGGAGGTGGCCCGGCTGAAGTCGTCGGCCGACATGGTGCGGGCCATCGAGGCGGCCGTGCGGTTCTACGAGGAGCCGCCGACCCAGCGGATGACGGTGTCGACGGACTGGGCCGACGTGCGGCTGACCGCCGACGACTGGGCCGAGGCGTTCGACGCGCCGGAGGCCGGCACGCCGCACAACGAGGCGCGTGAGCAGATCTGGGAGGAGCTGGGCTCGATCCTCCTGGGCAAGCTCGGCGACGAGGTCCCCGAGGAGGAGTTCCGGCGGGCGCTGCGGCAGGACGAGGAGCTGGCGGGGGCCCTGCACGGGGCGTGGCCGCTCCTGGAGGCGGCCGACCTGGTGGGCGACCTGTGGTCGGTCCCCGCGTACCTGCGCAAGTGCGCGCCGTGGCTGGACCGCGAGGACGTGGCGAAGCTCCAGCGCGCGGACGCGCAGGCCTGGACGGTGTCCGACCTGCCGCTCCTGGACGCGGCGCGGCAGCGGCTCGGCGACCCGGAGGCGGCGCGGCGCAGGCGCCGGCAGCAGGCCACCGTCGCCGCCGAGCGCGCGCGCATGGCCGACGTCATCGCGGACGTGCTCGCGGCGGACGACGACGGCGAGGGCGCGGTGACGATGCTGCGCGGCCAGGACCTCAAGGACACGCTGGTCGACGAGGCGGCGCTGACGGGTGTCGAACCGGACCTGCTCGCCGGGCCGTTCGCGCACATCGTCGTGGACGAGGCGCAGGAGCTGTCGGACGCCGAGTGGCAGATGCTGCTGCTGCGCTGCCCGTCCCGGAGCTTCACCATCGTCGGCGACCGCGCGCAGGCCAGGCACGGCTTCACCGAGTCGTGGGAGGAGCGGCTCGCCCGGGTCGGCCTCGACCGGATCACGGTGGCGTCGCTGAGCATCAACTACCGCACGCCGGAAGAGGTCATGGCGGAGGCCGAGCCGGCGATCCGGGCCGCGCTGCCCGACGCGAACGTGCCGACGTCGGTCCGCAGCAGCGGTGTCCCGGTGCTCCGCGGTCCGGTGGAGGAGCTGGACACGATCGTCGACGAGTGGCTGGCCGCCAACGCCGACGGGACCGCCTGTGTCATCGGCGCGCCCCGGTTCCGGCCGGGGCCGCGGGTGCGGTCGCTGACCCCGTCGCTGTCGAAGGGCCTGGAGTTCGACCTGGTCGTGCTCGTGGACCCGGAGGACTTCGGCGGGGGCATCGAGGGAGCGGTCGACCGCTATGTGGCGATGACCCGCGCGACGAAGCAGCTCGTGATCCTCACCAGCTCCTGA", "fmax": "6561339", "accession": "FR845719.1", "fmin": "6559170", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "953739", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36896"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CCA59315.1", "sequence": "MRVLSSVDQLDGTSAFDLPDRLSAKTDPALIAADERHFSAIAKSLAETITELSDRLDATRKAPGGVGREAMDRDAEIHRLTGRLRTLRRFGLDLCLGRIVTADDAEPVYVGRLGLTDSTGRRLLVDWRSPAAEPFFAATHADPMGLTSRRRYRWTGGRVSDYWDEVFTADGLEEHAALDDQSAFIASLGSSRSPQMRDVLATIQADQDAIIRAGSRGTLVVDGGPGTGKTVVALHRSAHLLYADPRLGHRRGGVLFVGPHQPYLAYVADVLPSLGEEGVRTCTVRDLVAEGAGAAVERDAEVARLKSSADMVRAIEAAVRFYEEPPTQRMTVSTDWADVRLTADDWAEAFDAPEAGTPHNEAREQIWEELGSILLGKLGDEVPEEEFRRALRQDEELAGALHGAWPLLEAADLVGDLWSVPAYLRKCAPWLDREDVAKLQRADAQAWTVSDLPLLDAARQRLGDPEAARRRRRQQATVAAERARMADVIADVLAADDDGEGAVTMLRGQDLKDTLVDEAALTGVEPDLLAGPFAHIVVDEAQELSDAEWQMLLLRCPSRSFTIVGDRAQARHGFTESWEERLARVGLDRITVASLSINYRTPEEVMAEAEPAIRAALPDANVPTSVRSSGVPVLRGPVEELDTIVDEWLAANADGTACVIGAPRFRPGPRVRSLTPSLSKGLEFDLVVLVDPEDFGGGIEGAVDRYVAMTRATKQLVILTSS"}}}}, "model_name": "HelR", "ARO_category": {"36308": {"category_aro_name": "rifampin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36308", "category_aro_accession": "3000169", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifampin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin, and inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase. Rifampin is the mainstay agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, leprosy and complicated Gram-positive infections."}, "36669": {"category_aro_name": "rifabutin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36669", "category_aro_accession": "3000530", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifabutin is a semisynthetic rifamycin used in tuberculosis therapy. It inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis."}, "45951": {"category_aro_name": "helicase-like RNA polymerase protection protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45951", "category_aro_accession": "3007207", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Helicase-like proteins that confer resistance to antibiotics such as rifamycins by preventing or disrupting their binding to RNA polymerase."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "36656": {"category_aro_name": "rifaximin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36656", "category_aro_accession": "3000517", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Rifaximin is a semi-synthetic rifamycin used to treat traveller's diarrhea. Rifaximin inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase."}, "36296": {"category_aro_name": "rifamycin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36296", "category_aro_accession": "3000157", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Rifamycin antibiotics are a group of broad-spectrum ansamycin antibiotics that inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase by binding to a highly conserved region, blocking the oligonucleotide exit tunnel, and preventing the extension of nascent mRNAs."}}, "ARO_name": "HelR", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "HelR", "ARO_id": "45952", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5817": {"model_id": "5817", "ARO_accession": "3007204", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "200", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "AAC(6')-Iap is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase that confers resistance to a number of aminoglycoside antibiotics.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8509": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGAGCGGCTGCGCTGCCACGATCCGCCAGGCCACACCGGCCGATGCCGCTGCATGGTCGCAGCTGCGCGTGGGCCTGTGGCCCGACGCCGATGATCCACTGGAGGAGCTGGCGCAGTCGCTGGCCGATCCGGAAGGTGCGGTGTTCCTGGCGTGCGCGGCTGATGGTGAGGCGGTCGGTTTCGCTGAGGTACGCCTGCGCCACGACTATGTGAACGGCACCGGTTCCTCGCCGGTCGGGTTCCTGGAAGGCTGGTATGTAACGCCGCAGTGGCAGGGCCGCGCTGTCGGCCGTGCCCTGCTGGCGGAAGTGCAGGCGTGGACGCGGGACGCGGGCTGCAGCGAGCTGGCCTCGGACAGCCGCCTGGAGGACTTAGAGGCGCACGCGGCACACCGCGCCTGTGGCTTTGTAGAGACCGAGCGGGTGGTCTATTTCCGCATGCCGCTGGACGCGGTCACGCGGGGGTAG", "fmax": "468", "accession": "LC536747.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "40324", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37076"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BCD41405.1", "sequence": "MSGCAATIRQATPADAAAWSQLRVGLWPDADDPLEELAQSLADPEGAVFLACAADGEAVGFAEVRLRHDYVNGTGSSPVGFLEGWYVTPQWQGRAVGRALLAEVQAWTRDAGCSELASDSRLEDLEAHAAHRACGFVETERVVYFRMPLDAVTRG"}}}}, "model_name": "AAC(6')-Iap", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Acetylation of the aminoglycoside antibiotic on the amino group at position 6'."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35924": {"category_aro_name": "neomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35924", "category_aro_accession": "0000005", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36998": {"category_aro_name": "arbekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36998", "category_aro_accession": "3000654", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "A synthetic derivative (1-N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl) of dibekacin used in Japan. It is active against methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus and shows synergy with ampicillin when treating gentamicin and vancomycin resistant enterocci."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "40942": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40942", "category_aro_accession": "3004015", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin A is part of a complex of broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gentamicin inhibits protein synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell death."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}, "ARO_name": "AAC(6')-Iap", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "AAC(6')-Iap", "ARO_id": "45948", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5811": {"model_id": "5811", "ARO_accession": "3007196", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-123 is a KPC beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8524": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "909", "accession": "ON012820.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter koseri", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "545", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36934"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UNN26644.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTYTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEADDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-123", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "36727": {"category_aro_name": "avibactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36727", "category_aro_accession": "3000588", "category_aro_class_name": "Adjuvant", "category_aro_description": "Serine beta-lactamase inhibitor targeting class A, class C, and some class D enzymes."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "45634": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime-avibactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45634", "category_aro_accession": "3007072", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic+Adjuvant", "category_aro_description": "An antibiotic-adjuvant admixture of the beta-lactam antibiotic ceftazidime and the non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor avibactam."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35976": {"category_aro_name": "cefepime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35976", "category_aro_accession": "0000059", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefepime (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. It contains an aminothiazolyl group that decreases its affinity with beta-lactamases. Cefepime shows high binding affinity with penicillin-binding proteins and has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-123", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-123", "ARO_id": "45938", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5812": {"model_id": "5812", "ARO_accession": "3007199", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "PAM-1 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Psuedomonas genus.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8493": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTTTCCTCGCCAGCCTCGCGCTGCCCCTGTTCGCCGCCAACCTGGCGGTCGCCGCCCCCAAGCCCCTGCCGCAGCTGGAGGCCTATGAAGGGCTGCAAGCCTGGCTGGTGCCGGTGGAACCGCTGCGCATCAGCGACCACGTCTGGCAGATCGGCACCGCCAGCATCAGCGCCCTGCTGGTGAAAACCGACGCCGGCGCGGTGCTCATCGACGGCGGCATGCCCCAGGTGGCCGACCACCTGCTGGCCAATATGAAGAAGCTCGGCGTGCAGCCCCAGGACCTGCGCCTGATCCTCCACAGCCACGCCCACATCGACCACGTCGGCCCGCTGGCGGCGATCAAGCGCGCCACCGGCGCTGTGCTGGTGAGCAACGCCGAATCCGCCGTGCTGCTGCAACGCGGCGGCGCCGACGACATCCACTTCGGCAGCGGCATGCTCTTCGCCCCGCTGACGCCCGAGCGCCTGGTGCAGGACGGCGAGGCGGTGACCCTGGGCGACACCACCTTCACCGTGCATTTCACCCCGGGCCACACCCCGGGCAGCATGAGCTGGACCTGGACCGACACCCAGGACGGCAAGCCCCTGCGCATCGCCTACGCCGACAGCCTCAGCGCGCCGGGCTACCAACTGCGCGACAACGCCCGCTACCCCCACCTGGTCGACGCCTTCCGTGCCAGCTTCGCCGCCGTCCGCGCCCTGCCCTGCGACCTGCTGCTGACACCCCACGCCGAAGGCAGCGGCTGGGACTACACCAACGCCGAAAAGCCGCACCCGGCCCCGGTGAGCTGCAAGGCCTATGCGGACAAAGCCGAGCAGAAGCTCGACCAGATGCTCGCCGAGCAGGCAAAGTCGCGCTGA", "fmax": "864", "accession": "AB858498.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas alcaligenes", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "43263", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45942"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BAO01151.1", "sequence": "MRFLASLALPLFAANLAVAAPKPLPQLEAYEGLQAWLVPVEPLRISDHVWQIGTASISALLVKTDAGAVLIDGGMPQVADHLLANMKKLGVQPQDLRLILHSHAHIDHVGPLAAIKRATGAVLVSNAESAVLLQRGGADDIHFGSGMLFAPLTPERLVQDGEAVTLGDTTFTVHFTPGHTPGSMSWTWTDTQDGKPLRIAYADSLSAPGYQLRDNARYPHLVDAFRASFAAVRALPCDLLLTPHAEGSGWDYTNAEKPHPAPVSCKAYADKAEQKLDQMLAEQAKSR"}}}}, "model_name": "PAM-1", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45940": {"category_aro_name": "PAM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45940", "category_aro_accession": "3007198", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases discovered in Pseudomonas alcaligenes and found in other members of the Pseudomonas genus. PAM beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins and carbenems."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36984": {"category_aro_name": "doripenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36984", "category_aro_accession": "3000640", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Doripenem is a carbapenem with a broad range of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and along with meropenem, it is the most active beta-lactam antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis."}}, "ARO_name": "PAM-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "PAM-1", "ARO_id": "45941", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5813": {"model_id": "5813", "ARO_accession": "3007200", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "PAM-2 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Pseudomonas genus.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8525": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTTTGCTCGCCAGCCTCGCGCTGCCCCTGTTCGCCGCCAACCTGGCGGTCGCCGCCCCCGCCCAGCTGCCCCAGCTGGAGGCCTACAAGGGCCTCGACGCCTGGCTGGTGCCGGTGGAGCCCCTGCGCATCAGCGACCACGTGTGGCAGATCGGCACCGCCAGCATCAGCGCCCTGCTGGTGAAGACCGACGCCGGCGCGGTGCTCATTGACGGCGGCATGCCCCAGGTGGCCGACCACCTGCTGGCCAACATGAAGAAGCTCGGCGTGGCCCCGCAGGATGTGCGCCTGATCCTCCACAGCCACGCCCACATCGACCACGTCGGCCCGCTGGCGGCAATCAAGCGCGCCACCGGCGCCATGCTGGTGAGCAACGCCGAATCCGCCGTGCTGCTGCAGCGCGGCGGCGCCAACGACATCCACTTCGGCAGCGGCATGCTCTTCGAACCGATCCAGACCGACCGCCTGGTGCAGGACGGCGAGGCCGTGACCCTGGGCGACACCACCTTCACCGTGCACTTCACCCCGGGGCACACGCCCGGCAGCATGAGCTGGACCTGGGCCGACACCCGGGACGGCAAGCCCCTGCGCATCGCCTACAGCGACAGCCTCAGCGCGCCGGGCTACCAGCTGCGCCACAACGCCCGCTACCCGCACCTCGTGGAAGCCTTCCGCGCAAGCTTCGCCGCCGTCCGCGCCCTGCCCTGCGACCTGCTGCTCACGCCCCACGCCGAAGGCAGCGGCTGGGACTACGCCAACGCCGCCAGGCCGCACCCGCAGCCGGTCAGCTGCAAGGCCTACGCGGACAAGGCCGAGGCGAATCTCGACAAGATGCTCGCCGAGCAGGCGAACAAGCGCTGA", "fmax": "545916", "accession": "BQKM01000003.1", "fmin": "545052", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas tohonis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "2725477", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45944"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "GJN52392.1", "sequence": "MRLLASLALPLFAANLAVAAPAQLPQLEAYKGLDAWLVPVEPLRISDHVWQIGTASISALLVKTDAGAVLIDGGMPQVADHLLANMKKLGVAPQDVRLILHSHAHIDHVGPLAAIKRATGAMLVSNAESAVLLQRGGANDIHFGSGMLFEPIQTDRLVQDGEAVTLGDTTFTVHFTPGHTPGSMSWTWADTRDGKPLRIAYSDSLSAPGYQLRHNARYPHLVEAFRASFAAVRALPCDLLLTPHAEGSGWDYANAARPHPQPVSCKAYADKAEANLDKMLAEQANKR"}}}}, "model_name": "PAM-2", "ARO_category": {"35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "45940": {"category_aro_name": "PAM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45940", "category_aro_accession": "3007198", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases discovered in Pseudomonas alcaligenes and found in other members of the Pseudomonas genus. PAM beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins and carbenems."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}, "ARO_name": "PAM-2", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "PAM-2", "ARO_id": "45943", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5814": {"model_id": "5814", "ARO_accession": "3007201", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "PAM-3 is a member of the PAM family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases found in members of the Pseudomonas genus. The sequence of PAM-3 was made available through NCBI's Reference Gene Catalogue.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8507": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTTTGCTCGCCAGCCTCGCGCTGCCCCTGTTCGCCGCCAACCTGGCGGTCGCCGCCCCCGCCCAGCTGCCCCAGCTGGAGGCCTACAAGGGCCTCGACGCCTGGCTGGTGCCGGTGGAGCCCCTGCGCATCAGCGACCACGTCTGGCAGATCGGCACCGCCAGCATCAGCGCCCTGCTGGTGAAGACCGACGCCGGCGCGGTGCTCATCGATGGGGGCATGCCCCAGGTGGCCGACCACCTGCTGGCCAACATGAAGAAGCTCGGCGTGGCCCCGCAGGATGTGCGCCTGATCCTCCACAGCCACGCGCACATCGACCATGTCGGCCCGCTGGCGGCGATCAAGCGCGCCACCGGCGCCGCGCTGGTGAGCAACGCCGAATCCGCCGTGCTGCTGCAACGCGGCGGCGCCGACGACATCCACTTCGGCAGCGGCATGCTCTTCGAACCGATCCAGACCGACCGCCTGGTGCAGGACGGCGAGGCCGTGACCCTGGGCGACACCACCTTCACCGTGCACTTCACCCCGGGGCACACGCCCGGCAGCATGAGCTGGACCTGGACCGACACCCAGGACGGCAAGCCCCTGCGCATCGCCTACAGCGACAGCCTCAGCGCGCCGGGCTACCAGCTGCGCCACAACGCCCGCTACCCGCACCTTGTGGACGCCTTCCGCGAAAGCTTCGCCGCCGTCCGCGCCCTGCCCTGCGACCTGCTGCTCACGCCCCACGCCGAAGGCAGCGGCTGGGACTACGCCAACGCCGCCAGGCCGCATCCGCAGCCGGTCAGCTGCAAGGCCTACGCGGACAAGGCCGAGGCGAATCTCGACAAGATGCTCGCCGAGCAGGCGAACAAGCGCTGA", "fmax": "21176", "accession": "BQKL01000042.1", "fmin": "20312", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas tohonis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "2725477", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45944"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "GJN50066.1", "sequence": "MRLLASLALPLFAANLAVAAPAQLPQLEAYKGLDAWLVPVEPLRISDHVWQIGTASISALLVKTDAGAVLIDGGMPQVADHLLANMKKLGVAPQDVRLILHSHAHIDHVGPLAAIKRATGAALVSNAESAVLLQRGGADDIHFGSGMLFEPIQTDRLVQDGEAVTLGDTTFTVHFTPGHTPGSMSWTWTDTQDGKPLRIAYSDSLSAPGYQLRHNARYPHLVDAFRESFAAVRALPCDLLLTPHAEGSGWDYANAARPHPQPVSCKAYADKAEANLDKMLAEQANKR"}}}}, "model_name": "PAM-3", "ARO_category": {"35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "45940": {"category_aro_name": "PAM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45940", "category_aro_accession": "3007198", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases discovered in Pseudomonas alcaligenes and found in other members of the Pseudomonas genus. PAM beta-lactamases hydrolyze cephalosporins and carbenems."}}, "ARO_name": "PAM-3", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "PAM-3", "ARO_id": "45945", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5815": {"model_id": "5815", "ARO_accession": "3007202", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "New Delhi class B metallo-beta-lactamase 16b variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8506": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGTGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "10624", "accession": "AP024206.1", "fmin": "9811", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BCO01847.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASVRAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-16b", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-16b", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-16b", "ARO_id": "45946", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5816": {"model_id": "5816", "ARO_accession": "3007203", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "850", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"12717": "V24G"}, "clinical": {"12717": "V24G"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type with with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q."}}, "ARO_description": "Mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae PhoQ of the two-component PhoPQ regulatory system conferring resistance to colistin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8508": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAGGGACTGTTGCGGCATATCTTCCCGCTGTCATTACGGGTTCGCTTCCTGCTGGCGACCGCCGGGGTGGTGCTGGTGCTCTCCCTGGCCTACGGCATGGTGGCCCTGGTGGGCTATAGCGTTAGCTTCGATAAAACCACCTTTCGCCTGCTGCGCGGCGAGAGCAATCTCTTTTATATGCTGGCGAGATGGGAAAACGGCGCTATTGACGTCGATATCCCGGAAAACCTGAATATGGAAAGCCCGACGGTGACCCTTATCTACGATGAGCAGGGCAAACTGCTGTGGGCGCAGCGTGATGTTCCATGGCTGGCGAAACGCATTCAACCGGAATGGCTGAAACGCAATGGCTTCCATGAGATTGAAGCCGATGTCGACAGCAGCAGTATGCTGTTGCGCAATAACCATGAGATTCAGGAACAGCTGGACGCTATCCGCGAACAGGGCGACGACTCTGAGATGACCCACTCGGTGGCGATCAACCTCTACCCGGCCACCAGCAAAATGCCTCAGCTCAGCATTGTGGTGGTCGACACCATTCCGGTGGAGCTCAAGCGCAGTTATATGGTGTGGAGCTGGTTTGTCTATGTGCTGGCCGCCAACCTGCTGCTGGTGATCCCCCTGCTGTGGGTCGCCGCCTGGTGGAGCCTGCGGCCCATTGAGTCGCTGGCCAAAGAGGTGCGCGAACTGGAGGAACATCACCGCGAAAAGCTCAATCCCAACACCACTCGCGAGCTGACCCGGCTGGTCAGCAACCTCAACCGCCTGGTTCGCAGCGAGCGCGAACGCTATGACAAATACCGCACTACCCTCACCGATCTCACTCACAGTCTGAAAACGCCGCTGGCGGTGATGCAGAGTACACTGCGCTCGCTGCGCGGCGAGAAGATCAGCGTCGACGAGGCGGAGCCGGTGATGCTGGAGCAGATAAGCCGCATCTCGCAGCAGATTGGTTATTACCTGCATCGCGCCAGCATGCGCAGCGGCGGCACCCTCTTGAGCCGGGAATTACACCCGATTGCCCCCCTGCTTGACAGCCTGACTTCCGCTCTCAACAAGGTCTATCAGCGCAAAGGGGTCAATATCTCGCTCGACATCTCGCCGGAGATCACTTTTGTCGGCGAGCAGAACGATTTTATGGAAGTGATGGGTAACGTTCTTGATAACGCCTGTAAGTATTGCCTGGAGTTCGTGGAAGTTTCCGTGCGCCAGACCACCGACAGCCATCTGCACATCCTGGTGGAAGACGATGGGCCGGGGATCCCGCAGAGCCAGCGCCGGGCCGTTTTCGACCGCGGCCAGCGGGCTGATACCCTGCGTCCCGGCCAGGGGGTAGGGCTCTCCGTTGCGCGTGAAATTGTCGAACAATATGATGGAGAGATCATCGCCGGGGAAAGCCTGCTCGGCGGCGCCTGCATGGAGGTGGTGTTTGGCCGCCAGCAGATGGAAGATAAACAGAGTTAA", "fmax": "3077398", "accession": "CP052761.1", "fmin": "3075931", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QWW12915.1", "sequence": "MKGLLRHIFPLSLRVRFLLATAGVVLVLSLAYGMVALVGYSVSFDKTTFRLLRGESNLFYMLARWENGAIDVDIPENLNMESPTVTLIYDEQGKLLWAQRDVPWLAKRIQPEWLKRNGFHEIEADVDSSSMLLRNNHEIQEQLDAIREQGDDSEMTHSVAINLYPATSKMPQLSIVVVDTIPVELKRSYMVWSWFVYVLAANLLLVIPLLWVAAWWSLRPIESLAKEVRELEEHHREKLNPNTTRELTRLVSNLNRLVRSERERYDKYRTTLTDLTHSLKTPLAVMQSTLRSLRGEKISVDEAEPVMLEQISRISQQIGYYLHRASMRSGGTLLSRELHPIAPLLDSLTSALNKVYQRKGVNISLDISPEITFVGEQNDFMEVMGNVLDNACKYCLEFVEVSVRQTTDSHLHILVEDDGPGIPQSQRRAVFDRGQRADTLRPGQGVGLSVAREIVEQYDGEIIAGESLLGGACMEVVFGRQQMEDKQS"}}}}, "model_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae mutant PhoQ conferring resistance to colistin", "ARO_category": {"36001": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36001", "category_aro_accession": "0010000", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell."}, "36002": {"category_aro_name": "ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36002", "category_aro_accession": "0010001", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are present in all cells of all organisms and use the energy of ATP binding/hydrolysis to transport substrates across cell membranes."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36593": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36593", "category_aro_accession": "3000454", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Polymyxin B is mixture of mostly polymyxins B1 and B2, mainly used for resistant gram-negative infections. They are polypeptides with cationic detergent action on cell membranes."}, "36590": {"category_aro_name": "protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36590", "category_aro_accession": "3000451", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Regulator", "category_aro_description": "Protein(s) and two component regulatory systems that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux."}, "41433": {"category_aro_name": "pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41433", "category_aro_accession": "3004269", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "This family of phosphoethanolamine transferase catalyze the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, which impedes the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "36298": {"category_aro_name": "efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36298", "category_aro_accession": "3000159", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Component", "category_aro_description": "Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "40429": {"category_aro_name": "resistance by absence", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40429", "category_aro_accession": "3003764", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mechanism of antibiotic resistance conferred by deletion of gene (usually a porin)."}, "35925": {"category_aro_name": "erythromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35925", "category_aro_accession": "0000006", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a 14-carbon ring that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people that have an allergy to penicillins. Erythromycin may possess bacteriocidal activity, particularly at higher concentrations by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S rRNA complex, inhibiting peptidyl-tRNA translocation. Thus, protein synthesis and subsequently structure/function processes critical for life or replication are inhibited."}}, "ARO_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae mutant PhoQ conferring resistance to colistin", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.", "CARD_short_name": "Kpne_PhoQ_CST", "ARO_id": "45947", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "5824": {"model_id": "5824", "ARO_accession": "3007213", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-36 is a NDM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8516": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGTGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTTATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "1084", "accession": "JAHAWL010000074.1", "fmin": "271", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "MBT0799486.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASVRAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITYTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-36", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-36", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-36", "ARO_id": "45957", "model_type_id": "40292"}}}