{"$update": {"5020": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3480": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5208": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3483": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3499": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1526": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "3856": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2186": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "343": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "813": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1148": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "816": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4831": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2910": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "964": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2912": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3495": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1399": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3428": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4838": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1343": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "715": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40951", "35996", "35981", "35995", "35994", "40924"]}}}, "1523": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5180": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "865": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3493": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5153": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4933": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1496": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3334": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "3542": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1995": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "3338": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "36998", "36996"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "2071": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1068": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4964": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "962": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1706": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1065": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1392": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5223": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4961": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4994": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5222": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "295": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5221": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "291": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "37045", "37044"], "$insert": {"36999": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36999", "category_aro_accession": "3000655", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin B is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterial."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "37002": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37002", "category_aro_accession": "3000658", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose."}}}}}, "1128": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5189": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1083": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5723": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}}}}}, "1121": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3779": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "35980": {"category_aro_name": "cefuroxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35980", "category_aro_accession": "0000063", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35927": {"category_aro_name": "cefoxitin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35927", "category_aro_accession": "0000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefoxitin is a cephamycin antibiotic often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins. Cefoxitin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. Cefoxitin's 7-alpha-methoxy group and 3' leaving group make it a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases."}}}}}, "191": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "190": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1126": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4070": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3478": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "274": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5225": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4072": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3382": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36364": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3381": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3479": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2383": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "Aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase sequence from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid.", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36368": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["37001", "35966", "36999", "35924", "35940", "36997", "37045", "37044"], "$insert": {"35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1018": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "521": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4839": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "523": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1403": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1402": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1016": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4840": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1406": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1405": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1013": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35953", "36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "36996"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5003": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1235": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5001": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5000": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5007": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5006": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5005": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "693": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1305": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5009": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5008": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1238": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1332": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "40307", "37045", "37044"], "$insert": {"36996": {"category_aro_name": "isepamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36996", "category_aro_accession": "3000652", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "A semi-synthetic derivative of gentamicin B (hydroxyamino propionyl genamicin B). It is modified to combat microbial inactivation and has a slightly larger spectrum of activity compared to other aminoglycosides, including Ser marcescens, Enterobacteria, and K pneumoniae."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "37002": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37002", "category_aro_accession": "3000658", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose."}}}}}, "4830": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5770": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35977", "45634", "36727"]}}}, "104": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5776": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35977", "45634", "36727"]}}}, "4813": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2047": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "39": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999", "40307"], "$insert": {"35922": {"category_aro_name": "astromicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35922", "category_aro_accession": "0000003", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4810": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4817": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2043": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4815": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2041": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1843": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4819": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4818": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "_version": "3.2.6", "2048": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1844": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1536": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4958": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "642": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5181": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1532": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1530": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4952": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4953": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4950": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4951": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4956": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4957": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "430": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4955": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4978": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "339": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in S. marcescens.", "CARD_short_name": "ANT3II_ANT6II", "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36484", "41439"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46171": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46171", "category_aro_accession": "3007419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}, "model_name": "ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein", "ARO_name": "ANT(3'')-II-AAC(6')-IId bifunctional protein"}}, "3468": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3805": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "334": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3806": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3801": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3800": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1213": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "3802": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3298": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1548": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"]}}}, "5139": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5138": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3294": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37631": {"category_aro_name": "methymycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37631", "category_aro_accession": "3001232", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439."}, "37625": {"category_aro_name": "narbomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37625", "category_aro_accession": "3001226", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Produced by Streptomyces narbonensis."}, "37632": {"category_aro_name": "pikromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37632", "category_aro_accession": "3001233", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439."}}}}}, "5136": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5135": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5134": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1902": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5132": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5131": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5130": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3452": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3453": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3450": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3518": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3456": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3457": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3454": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3455": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3513": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3512": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3511": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3510": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3517": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3516": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3515": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3514": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3377": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "2688": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "2685": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "2686": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "2680": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "3422": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2682": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "2683": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "3467": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3466": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3465": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3376": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3464": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4974": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "96": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5182": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5183": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5229": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5228": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5186": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5187": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1625": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5185": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4075": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4074": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5188": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4076": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5227": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5226": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4073": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5224": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5083": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5082": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5811": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["45634", "36727"]}}}, "5081": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "470": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5817": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "36998", "35924", "40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}}}}}, "4888": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "742": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3503": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "746": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "36998", "36999", "35933"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "5064": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "555": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "554": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3374": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"]}}}, "3633": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3505": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4855": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3539": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4954": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5066": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "239": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3538": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "235": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40951", "35996", "35981", "35995", "35994", "40924"], "$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3507": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "230": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "231": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1312": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1050": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1052": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1653": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "5148": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2227": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36689": {"category_aro_name": "aztreonam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36689", "category_aro_accession": "3000550", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Aztreonam was the first monobactam discovered, and is greatly effective against Gram-negative bacteria while inactive against Gram-positive bacteria. Artreonam is a poor substrate for beta-lactamases, and may even act as an inhibitor. In Gram-negative bacteria, Aztreonam interferes with filamentation, inhibiting cell division and leading to cell death."}, "36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "35990": {"category_aro_name": "meropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35990", "category_aro_accession": "0000073", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem."}, "36984": {"category_aro_name": "doripenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36984", "category_aro_accession": "3000640", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Doripenem is a carbapenem with a broad range of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and along with meropenem, it is the most active beta-lactam antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis."}, "35987": {"category_aro_name": "ertapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35987", "category_aro_accession": "0000070", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ertapenem is a carbapenem antibiotic and is highly resistant to beta-lactamases like other carbapenems. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis."}}}}}, "3340": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5149": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2223": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1196": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4880": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1694": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4976": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1690": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1758": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4882": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1750": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "146": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1176": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["3758"], "$insert": {"12838": "N596S,Y597H"}}}}}}}}, "1804": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "145": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1172": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "140": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1271": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "611": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "617": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1276": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "149": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4886": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4887": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1882": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1881": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4851": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1281": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4918": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4919": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4916": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4917": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4914": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4915": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4912": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1288": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4910": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4911": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4970": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1814": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36267", "36484", "40307", "36998", "36999", "35933", "36996"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46171": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46171", "category_aro_accession": "3007419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "40942": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40942", "category_aro_accession": "3004015", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin A is part of a complex of broad spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gentamicin inhibits protein synthesis, resulting in bacterial cell death."}}}}}, "1474": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "1190": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "685": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1572": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "687": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"]}}}, "686": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1577": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1576": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1575": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1574": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}}}}}, "2712": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5172": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5171": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5170": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5177": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5176": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5175": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5174": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5169": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5179": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5178": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2655": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1194": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3416": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3417": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5078": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5079": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5744": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}}}}, "3413": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3410": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3411": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5072": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5073": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5070": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5071": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5076": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5077": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3418": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5075": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1833": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1830": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36266": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1831": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1836": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "21": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "23": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1839": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "28": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "407": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4980": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "405": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4869": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4985": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4984": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4987": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4986": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1379": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1378": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "35924", "37001", "35943"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "931": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2016": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "937": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4867": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "935": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "408": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3834": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"40958": {"category_aro_name": "prothionamide", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40958", "category_aro_accession": "3004025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Prothionamide is a thioamide derivative with antibacterial properties. It increases cell wall permeability and decreases cell wall damage resistance by inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis, resulting in cell death. It is particularly used to treat M. tuberculosis and M. leprae infections."}}}}}, "3836": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}}}}}, "3837": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"40958": {"category_aro_name": "prothionamide", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40958", "category_aro_accession": "3004025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Prothionamide is a thioamide derivative with antibacterial properties. It increases cell wall permeability and decreases cell wall damage resistance by inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis, resulting in cell death. It is particularly used to treat M. tuberculosis and M. leprae infections."}}}}}, "3832": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "1242": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3838": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"40958": {"category_aro_name": "prothionamide", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40958", "category_aro_accession": "3004025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Prothionamide is a thioamide derivative with antibacterial properties. It increases cell wall permeability and decreases cell wall damage resistance by inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis, resulting in cell death. It is particularly used to treat M. tuberculosis and M. leprae infections."}}}}}, "1955": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1703": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "3506": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1952": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40951", "35994", "40924"], "$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5031": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "849": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4847": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1728": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "850": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "379": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3840": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "5690": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "3842": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "3845": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "3844": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "3846": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "826": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4925": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "147": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "704": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1821": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "706": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36293": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 7''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of hygromycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 7''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1483": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "392": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}}}}}, "391": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36727", "42779", "45634", "35977", "35994", "40636"]}}}, "397": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "394": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2396": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5068": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4063": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4922": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "795": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4047": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1717": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1716": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1715": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4048": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4049": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3266": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40951", "35994", "35995"]}}}, "1659": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2143": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1651": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "1657": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4921": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1986": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "584": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4890": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2050": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1132": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1131": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999"], "$insert": {"35922": {"category_aro_name": "astromicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35922", "category_aro_accession": "0000003", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "413": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2284": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "2285": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "2286": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "1384": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2052": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36266": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4071": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "243": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4975": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2837": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "35932", "36996"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "973": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "904": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "615": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2832": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "36998", "36999", "35933"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "5233": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1682": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2276": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36693": {"category_aro_name": "mupirocin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36693", "category_aro_accession": "3000554", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Mupirocin, also known as pseudomonic acid, is a bacteriostatic polyketide antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens used to treat S. aureus and MRSA. It inhibits Ile tRNA synthetase."}}}}}, "4828": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5200": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3399": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3398": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4829": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4971": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1382": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4981": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5166": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4973": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1003": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1002": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1000": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1227": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1087": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "620": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5038": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5039": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5036": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5037": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5034": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5035": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5032": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5033": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5030": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "457": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1874": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1737": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36368": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307", "37001", "35966", "36999", "35924", "35940", "36997", "37045", "37044"], "$insert": {"35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1870": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1871": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4821": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1879": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999"], "$insert": {"46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "37002": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37002", "category_aro_accession": "3000658", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose."}, "37001": {"category_aro_name": "paromomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37001", "category_aro_accession": "3000657", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "An aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the treatment of parasitic infections. It is similar to neomycin sharing a similar spectrum of activity, but its hydroxyl group at the 6'-position instead of an amino group makes it resistant to AAC(6') modifying enzymes."}, "35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35924": {"category_aro_name": "neomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35924", "category_aro_accession": "0000005", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "977": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4944": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4947": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4946": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4941": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4940": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4943": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4942": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4826": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4827": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4824": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4825": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4822": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4823": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4820": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "978": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1502": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1500": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36290": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"]}}}, "655": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "186": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "187": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "650": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "185": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3474": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2114": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"], "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1122": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "659": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "3879": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "APH(3')-XVa is an aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.", "CARD_short_name": "APH(3')-XVa", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "35924"]}, "model_name": "APH(3')-XVa", "ARO_name": "APH(3')-XVa"}}, "3526": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1918": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36367": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3524": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5109": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3522": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3523": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3520": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3521": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5102": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5103": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5100": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5101": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5106": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5107": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3528": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3529": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3885": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3884": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3886": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "3449": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3448": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3883": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "861": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "18": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3447": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3446": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3441": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3440": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3443": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3442": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1977": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "2026": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2755": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2752": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2750": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "35924"]}}}, "2128": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "2695": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "2117": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2693": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4999": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "656": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "880": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36290": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "942": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2087": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5216": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5217": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5214": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5215": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5212": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5213": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5210": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5211": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5218": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5219": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5199": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5198": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1618": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5195": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5194": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5197": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1615": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35953", "35966", "36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "35932", "36996", "35969"]}}}, "5191": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5190": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1962": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5192": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "323": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5809": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "326": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5098": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1151": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2877": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2876": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3475": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "209": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa.", "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36484", "35933", "36461"], "$insert": {"35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35922": {"category_aro_name": "astromicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35922", "category_aro_accession": "0000003", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46171": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46171", "category_aro_accession": "3007419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}, "ARO_name": "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein"}}, "2878": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36593"], "$insert": {"36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "46184": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin resistance operon", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46184", "category_aro_accession": "3007428", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Operon or gene clusters confering resistance to polymyxin antibiotics."}}}}}, "779": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4995": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3356": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "73": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1730": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4866": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1570": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3472": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3527": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5151": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3473": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1341": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5108": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1681": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36294": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of hygromycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3525": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4891": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1686": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1762": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1761": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1764": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1765": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1143": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1269": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1141": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2180": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "4988": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3498": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2713": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3496": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3497": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3494": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1260": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36999", "36997"]}}}, "3492": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1266": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36368": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["37001", "35966", "36999", "35924", "35940", "36997", "37045", "37044"]}}}, "3490": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3491": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1911": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1221": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2711": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "2091": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "653": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3286": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36003"], "$insert": {"36004": {"category_aro_name": "small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36004", "category_aro_accession": "0010003", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Small multidrug resistance (SMR) proteins are a relatively small family of transporters, restricted to prokaryotic cells. They are also the smallest multidrug transporters, with only four transmembrane alpha-helices and no significant extramembrane domain."}}}}}, "3654": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"42994": {"category_aro_name": "Zoliflodacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "42994", "category_aro_accession": "3004858", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Experimental antibiotic in phase two trial for Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment."}}}}}, "3653": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40951", "35994", "40924", "40955"]}}}, "2525": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2524": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "690": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "947": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1540": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4901": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4900": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4903": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4902": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4905": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4904": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4907": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4906": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1118": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5104": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "544": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "1464": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5105": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1460": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "1040": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1317": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "4889": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5067": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1314": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5061": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5060": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "993": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "5062": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5146": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4881": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5144": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5145": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5069": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4885": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5140": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5141": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "120": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3403": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"39997": {"category_aro_name": "pyrazinamide", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "39997", "category_aro_accession": "3003413", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Pyrazinamide is an antimycobacterial. It is highly specific and active only against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This compound is a prodrug and needs to be activated inside the cell. It interferes with the bacterium's ability to synthesize new fatty acids, causing cell death."}}}}}, "3405": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1786": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3407": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3406": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3409": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3408": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1020": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4875": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4874": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4877": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4876": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4871": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4870": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4873": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4872": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1825": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40951", "35996", "35981", "35995", "35994", "40924"]}}}, "1733": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4879": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4878": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "414": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3445": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "416": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3415": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "410": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "37002": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37002", "category_aro_accession": "3000658", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose."}, "37001": {"category_aro_name": "paromomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37001", "category_aro_accession": "3000657", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "An aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the treatment of parasitic infections. It is similar to neomycin sharing a similar spectrum of activity, but its hydroxyl group at the 6'-position instead of an amino group makes it resistant to AAC(6') modifying enzymes."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35924": {"category_aro_name": "neomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35924", "category_aro_accession": "0000005", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4979": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "412": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3444": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2060": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "137": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35953", "36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "36996"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1386": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36367": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4977": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "418": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "925": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "35933", "36999"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4972": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "927": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3827": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3826": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "319": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "318": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5002": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "313": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "312": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3327": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3944": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3543": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1923": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36266": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"]}}}, "867": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1928": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1347": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5099": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3476": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "497": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3470": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3471": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "834": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "835": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "37045", "37044"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "37002": {"category_aro_name": "lividomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37002", "category_aro_accession": "3000658", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Lividomycins are aminoglycosidic antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lividus. They contain 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose."}}}}}, "5090": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5091": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5092": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5093": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5094": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5095": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5096": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5097": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5689": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}}}}, "5074": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2254": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37139": {"category_aro_name": "fusidic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37139", "category_aro_accession": "3000759", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fusidic acid is the only commercially available fusidane, a group of steroid-like antibiotics. It is most active against Gram-positive bacteria, and acts by inhibiting elongation factor G to  block protein synthesis."}}}}}, "3419": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "441": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "360": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "361": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "440": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "4809": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2023": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3319": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "384": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35953", "36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "36996"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "385": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5133": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3799": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "LptD is involved in LPS transport in a ABC Transporter efflux system. It confers resistance to rifamycin, aminocoumarin, and peptide antibiotics.", "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35939"]}}}, "444": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1925": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "4056": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4055": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4054": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4053": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4052": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "782": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4050": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1396": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1772": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4057": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4059": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4058": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5128": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "924": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(6')-I33 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa.", "CARD_short_name": "AAC(6')-I33", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}, "model_name": "AAC(6')-I33", "ARO_name": "AAC(6')-I33"}}, "4858": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3759": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3758": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35979": {"category_aro_name": "ceftriaxone", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35979", "category_aro_accession": "0000062", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The presence of an aminothiazolyl sidechain increases ceftriazone's resistance to beta-lactamases. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria."}, "35990": {"category_aro_name": "meropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35990", "category_aro_accession": "0000073", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem."}}}}}, "604": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "573": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "572": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2291": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "2290": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "4861": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "575": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "40942", "35969"], "$insert": {"35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35922": {"category_aro_name": "astromicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35922", "category_aro_accession": "0000003", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "574": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "404": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "258": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "63": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"], "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "67": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "252": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36292": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of spectinomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"]}}}, "69": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "251": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"]}}}, "254": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "600": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "1420": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2202": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 is an integron-encoded aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in P. aeruginosa.", "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36484", "35933", "36461"], "$insert": {"35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35922": {"category_aro_name": "astromicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35922", "category_aro_accession": "0000003", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Astromicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46171": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46171", "category_aro_accession": "3007419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}, "ARO_name": "AAC(3)-Ib/AAC(6')-Ib3 bifunctional protein"}}, "3369": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "1370": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "2960": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "156": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4983": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "730": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4883": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1372": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41440": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 2''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999", "40307"], "$insert": {"35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "735": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924"]}}}, "1032": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "738": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "36996"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}}}}}, "1031": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36290": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "502": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "500": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "501": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5029": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "902": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1359": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "633": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5751": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1217": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "903": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36267": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin, tobramycin and amikacin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35953", "36998", "36999", "35956", "35933", "36996"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5021": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1352": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5023": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5022": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5025": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4811": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5027": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "608": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4884": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4862": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "38": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"]}}}, "4863": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5049": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1641": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3727": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36659": {"category_aro_name": "isoniazid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36659", "category_aro_accession": "3000520", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Isoniazid is an organic compound that is the first-line anti tuberculosis medication in prevention and treatment. As a prodrug, it is activated by mycobacterial catalase-peroxidases such as M. tuberculosis KatG. Isoniazid inhibits mycolic acid synthesis, which prevents cell wall synthesis in mycobacteria."}}}}}, "160": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4860": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4816": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4930": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "965": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4932": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "967": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4934": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4935": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4936": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4937": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4938": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4939": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4833": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4814": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4812": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4834": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4837": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4836": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1106": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40951", "35994", "35995"]}}}, "1105": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999"], "$insert": {"35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "4864": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1100": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1517": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4865": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1511": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1841": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1660": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "783": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "5115": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5114": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5117": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5116": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5111": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5110": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5113": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5112": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3862": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5119": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5118": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3864": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3531": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3530": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3533": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3532": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3535": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3534": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3537": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3536": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5054": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5055": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5056": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5057": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5050": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5051": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5052": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5053": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3438": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3439": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4909": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3430": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3431": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3432": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3433": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3434": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3435": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3436": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3437": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3481": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4959": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4848": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4849": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2031": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2030": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}}}}, "4844": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4845": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4846": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4832": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2157": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "4841": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4842": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4843": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4923": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "892": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36290": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of streptomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "3482": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4908": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4051": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "897": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "898": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36727", "40636", "45634", "35977", "35994", "42779"]}}}, "899": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1246": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "36998", "36999", "35933"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "4968": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5201": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "649": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5203": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5202": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5205": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5204": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5207": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5206": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5209": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4835": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5193": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4926": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3544": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3545": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3546": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3547": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3540": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3541": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1979": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "1978": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5065": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1602": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966", "36998", "36996", "35924"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}}}}}, "3548": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36727", "42779", "45634", "35977", "35994", "40636"], "$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1972": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5044": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "355": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40951", "35994", "35995", "40924"]}}}, "4856": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "352": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "1329": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36368": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["37001", "35966", "36999", "35924", "35940", "36997", "37045", "37044"]}}}, "2754": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "805": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5196": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "213": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2909": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1780": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1781": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "36998", "36999", "35933"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "1784": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "767": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "218": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3321": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "3322": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1610": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "909": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3328": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4990": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4068": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5479": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36727", "40636", "45634", "35977", "35994", "42779"]}}}, "1111": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "1777": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1079": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1077": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2328": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}}}}}, "1072": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4982": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "289": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1112": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1678": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["40307"], "$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}, "35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1679": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4991": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1674": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "1670": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "3489": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3488": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "981": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3765": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "4913": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1093": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "674": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "675": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "676": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "677": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3485": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1099": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3487": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3486": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "267": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "264": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"8600": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCCTTAATAAATGTTTCAAATCTAACTTTTTCATATGAAGGAAGTTATGACAATATTTTTGAAAATGTAAGTTTTCAGATAGATACAGATTGGAAACTCGGTTTTATTGGAAGAAACGGACGCGGTAAAACTACTTTCTTAAATTTACTGCTTGGCAAATATGCGTATTCCGGCAATATAAGTTCTACAGTTAAGTTTGAGTATTTTCCTTATGATGTGGAAGATAAGAGTCTATATACAATTGAAGTAATGAAGAGTATTTGTACGGAATGTATGGATTGGGAGATTTTTCGTGAAATATCATTGCTTGATGTTCAAGAAGATGCTTTATATCGTCCGTTTAATACATTGTCAAATGGTGAGCAAACGAAGGTCCTTCTTGCAGCTTTATTCCTTACAGCGAGTTGTTTCCTGCTTATTGATGAACCTACAAACCATCTTGACATCGATGCACGTAATGTAGTGCAAAACTATTTGAAACGCAAGAAGGGGTTTATTTTGGTATCTCATGATAGAAGCTTACTTGATCAATGTGTTGACCATATACTATCTATCAATAAAACGAATATCGAAATCCAAAAGGGAAATTTTACTTCTTGGTGGGAGAACAAAACGTTACAAGATAATTTTGAACTGGCAGAAAACAAGAAACTCCTTAAAGAAATAGGAAGGTTGTCTTATGCAGCAAAACGTAGTTCAAACTGGTCAAATAAAGTAGAAAAAAGTAAATATGGAACAACAAATTCTGGTTCAAAACTGGATAAGGGTTATGTTGGACATAAGGCTGCAAAAGCGATGAAACGTGCCAAAAATATTGAGTCAAGACATCAGGAAGCCGTTTTACAAAAATCAGAACTGCTCCACAACATTGAACAATATGATGACTTAAAAATTTCACCACTTGAATTTCACAAAGAGTGCTTAATAGAAGCGAATGATTTATCATTGTCTTATGGAGATAAAGAAGTATGCAGTAATCTTAATTTCAGAGTCAATATTGGTGATAGAGTTGCCATTATCGGAAAAAATGGGAGTGGTAAGTCTAGTATCCTAAAATTGATTAATGGAGATGATATTAAATTTACCGGAAATTTTATGCTAGCAAGTGGACTAAAAATTTCTTATATTTCGCAAGATACTTCATATTTAAAAGGTAATCTATCTGAATTTGCCTATAATAATAAGATCGATGAAACTCTATTTAAAACGATTCTTCGTAAACTGGATTTTAATAGAGAGCAGTTTGATAAGAACATGGTGGATTTTAGTGCTGGTCAGAAAAAGAAAGTACTAATTGCTAAAAGCCTTTGTGAAAGTGCACATTTGTATATATGGGATGAGCCATTGAACTATATTGATATTTTTTCACGTATCCAAATTGAAAAAATGATTTTGGAATATTGTCCTACACTATTGTTTGTGGAGCATGATGATGCTTTTTGCAATAACATTTGTACGAAAAATATTAATTTAGGTTTGTAG", "fmax": "9393", "accession": "AF408195.1", "fmin": "7908", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterococcus faecalis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1351", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35918"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAL05553.1", "sequence": "MSLINVSNLTFSYEGSYDNIFENVSFQIDTDWKLGFIGRNGRGKTTFLNLLLGKYAYSGNISSTVKFEYFPYDVEDKSLYTIEVMKSICTECMDWEIFREISLLDVQEDALYRPFNTLSNGEQTKVLLAALFLTASCFLLIDEPTNHLDIDARNVVQNYLKRKKGFILVSHDRSLLDQCVDHILSINKTNIEIQKGNFTSWWENKTLQDNFELAENKKLLKEIGRLSYAAKRSSNWSNKVEKSKYGTTNSGSKLDKGYVGHKAAKAMKRAKNIESRHQEAVLQKSELLHNIEQYDDLKISPLEFHKECLIEANDLSLSYGDKEVCSNLNFRVNIGDRVAIIGKNGSGKSSILKLINGDDIKFTGNFMLASGLKISYISQDTSYLKGNLSEFAYNNKIDETLFKTILRKLDFNREQFDKNMVDFSAGQKKKVLIAKSLCESAHLYIWDEPLNYIDIFSRIQIEKMILEYCPTLLFVEHDDAFCNNICTKNINLGL"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "800"}}}}}}, "1562": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36364": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1551": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2551": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "1552": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}}}}}, "59": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "646": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2191": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "3283": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36003"], "$insert": {"36004": {"category_aro_name": "small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36004", "category_aro_accession": "0010003", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Small multidrug resistance (SMR) proteins are a relatively small family of transporters, restricted to prokaryotic cells. They are also the smallest multidrug transporters, with only four transmembrane alpha-helices and no significant extramembrane domain."}}}}}, "1559": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"8649": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGACATTCTGGACAAACTGGTCGATCTCGCCCAATTGACGGGCAGTGCGGATGTGCAGTGCCTTTTGGGCGGACAATGGTCGGTACGGCATGAAACCTTGCAATGCGAAGGGCTGGTACACATTGTTACGGCGGGCAGCGGTTATCTCTGCATCGACGGCGAAACTTCCCCGCGTCCGGTCGGCACGGGCGATATTGTATTTTTCCCGCGCGGCTTGGGTCATGTGTTGAGCCACGACGGAAAATACGGAGAAAGTTTACAACCGGACATACGACAAAACGGCACATTTATGGTCAAACAGTGCGGCAACGGGCTGGATATGAGCCTGTTTTGCGCCCGTTTCCGCTACGACACCCACGCCGATTTGATGAACGGGCTGCCGGAAACCGTTTTTCTGAACATTGCCCATCCAAGTTTGCAGTATGTGGTTTCAATGCTGCAACTGGAAAGCGAAAAACCTTTGACGGGGACGGTTTCCGTGGTCAACGCATTACCGTCCGTCCTGCTGGTGCTTATCCTGCGCGCCTATCTCGAACAGGATAAGGATGTCGAACTCTCGGGCGTATTGAAAGGTTGGCAGGACAAACGTTTGGGACATTTGATCCAAAAGGTGATAGACAAACCGGAAGACGAATGGAATATTGACAAAATGGTTGCCGCCGCCAATATGTCGCGCGCGCAACTGATGCGCCGCTTCAAAAGCCAAGTCGGACTCAGCCCGCACGCCTTTGTGAACCATATCCGCCTGCAAAAAGGCGCATTGCTGCTGAAGAAAACCCCGGATTCGGTTTTGGAGGTCGCGCTGTCGGTGGGCTTTCAGTCGGAAACGCATTTCGGCAAGGCGTTCAAACGGCAATATCACGTTTCGCCGGGGCAATACCGGAAAGAAGGCGGGCAAAAATAA", "fmax": "906", "accession": "AF128627.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAD44693.1", "sequence": "MDILDKLVDLAQLTGSADVQCLLGGQWSVRHETLQCEGLVHIVTAGSGYLCIDGETSPRPVGTGDIVFFPRGLGHVLSHDGKYGESLQPDIRQNGTFMVKQCGNGLDMSLFCARFRYDTHADLMNGLPETVFLNIAHPSLQYVVSMLQLESEKPLTGTVSVVNALPSVLLVLILRAYLEQDKDVELSGVLKGWQDKRLGHLIQKVIDKPEDEWNIDKMVAAANMSRAQLMRRFKSQVGLSPHAFVNHIRLQKGALLLKKTPDSVLEVALSVGFQSETHFGKAFKRQYHVSPGQYRKEGGQK"}}}}}, "model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "400"}}}}}}, "5004": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "51": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "537": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "55": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2395": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41422": {"$update": {"category_aro_name": "apm acetyltransferase"}}}}}}, "1449": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5147": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "61": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1411": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1413": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1415": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36480": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35932", "36998", "36999", "35933"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}}}}}, "1416": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3299": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "5010": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5158": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4899": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4898": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5014": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5015": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5016": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1325": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5018": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5150": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "980": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}}}}}, "1909": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "5155": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4896": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5157": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4894": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5137": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2751": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "APH(3')-IXa is an aminoglycoside phosphoryltransferase that acts on the 3-OH target of aminoglycosides.", "CARD_short_name": "APH(3')-IXa", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "35924"], "$insert": {"35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}, "model_name": "APH(3')-IXa", "ARO_name": "APH(3')-IXa"}}, "110": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "5769": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924"]}}}, "205": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36294": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 4-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of hygromycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 4-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"]}}}, "5063": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1024": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "5761": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "1858": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3841": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "4802": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4803": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4804": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4805": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4806": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4807": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4808": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2072": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "1852": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1853": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1854": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "3843": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"36484": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(6')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36484", "category_aro_accession": "3000345", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "4949": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "35": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "2079": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1255": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2176": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "2177": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "4969": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1398": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4967": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "914": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36364": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2178": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "916": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4963": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4962": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1258": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4960": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5017": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1419": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2201": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "300": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "5087": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3519": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5142": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1410": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3451": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1937": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5129": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5143": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2256": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37139": {"category_aro_name": "fusidic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37139", "category_aro_accession": "3000759", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fusidic acid is the only commercially available fusidane, a group of steroid-like antibiotics. It is most active against Gram-positive bacteria, and acts by inhibiting elongation factor G to  block protein synthesis."}}}}}, "5124": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5125": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1939": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "5127": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5120": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5121": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5122": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5123": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3508": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3509": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5089": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5088": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3463": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3462": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3461": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3460": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3500": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3501": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3502": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5080": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3504": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5086": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5085": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5084": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5043": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2679": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35996", "40924", "35981"]}}}, "1417": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3820": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "3458": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5159": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3459": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5184": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5011": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5126": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5012": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4989": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1587": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36727", "42779", "45634", "35977", "35994", "40636"], "$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5013": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1326": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5220": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "784": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "1327": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "4062": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "853": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4060": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4061": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4067": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1980": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4065": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5230": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4966": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5232": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4069": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3412": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4893": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "732": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4892": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1184": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "922": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["36484"], "$insert": {"46171": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46171", "category_aro_accession": "3007419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Bifunctional aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes composed of two separate functional domains. These proteins possess activity from both enzyme components, thereby conferring resistance to the combination of antibiotics from both domains, and may include acetylation, phosphorylation or nucleotidylation activity."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}, "model_name": "AAC(6')-30/AAC(6')-Ib' bifunctional protein", "ARO_name": "AAC(6')-30/AAC(6')-Ib' bifunctional protein"}}, "_timestamp": "2023-01-27T15:34:01+00:00", "569": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5152": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4948": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4965": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "560": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4897": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "758": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "566": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5154": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2183": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "2182": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "163": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1596": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4895": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2185": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "2184": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "226": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5156": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1598": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "623": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4945": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1059": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36292": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes are characterized by enzymatic antibiotic inactivation, specifically of spectinomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "2179": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "3379": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997", "35924"]}}}, "3378": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1186": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1187": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1862": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1185": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3373": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "3372": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "3371": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "3370": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}}}}}, "2889": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}}}}}, "1845": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "724": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35966"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}}}}}, "426": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "aadK is a chromosomal-encoded aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase gene in B. subtilis and Bacillus spp. This enzyme confers low-level resistance to streptomycin.", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36364": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "721": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1394": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1741": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1743": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "605": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1212": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3477": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1162": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "5028": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3427": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5058": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "112": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}}}}}, "1169": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1539": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1387": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1898": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1891": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1892": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "635": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "959": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "958": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2913": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4920": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4927": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4064": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "48": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4924": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5059": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "47": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4929": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4928": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "954": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36265": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3'-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically kanamycin and neomycin, by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["36997"], "$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "2138": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["35981", "40924", "35996"]}}}, "41": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}}}}}, "1568": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2001": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1113": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36364": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 6-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1299": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "1115": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "639": {"$update": {"CARD_short_name": "AAC(3)-IVa", "ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40307"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}, "model_name": "AAC(3)-IVa", "ARO_name": "AAC(3)-IVa"}}, "1293": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1967": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1294": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "40523": {"category_aro_name": "ticarcillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40523", "category_aro_accession": "3003832", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ticarcillin is a carboxypenicillin used for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria, particularly P. aeruginosa. Ticarcillin's antibiotic properties arise from its ability to prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis, when the bacteria try to divide, causing cell death."}, "35980": {"category_aro_name": "cefuroxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35980", "category_aro_accession": "0000063", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}}}}}, "4993": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5160": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5161": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5162": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5163": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5164": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5165": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4868": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5167": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5168": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "461": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "475": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4046": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "450": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5024": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5734": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "PFM-4 (BioF) is a class B2 metallo-beta-lactamase first identified in Pseudomonas. It belongs to the PFM-like beta-lactamase gene family. It confers resistance to carbapenems and some cephalosporins.", "CARD_short_name": "PFM-4", "ARO_category": {"$delete": ["45491"], "$insert": {"43892": {"category_aro_name": "PFM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43892", "category_aro_accession": "3005432", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "PFM beta-lactamases are class B2 beta-lactamases found in Pseudomonas fluorescens."}}}, "model_name": "PFM-4", "ARO_name": "PFM-4"}}, "5231": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5173": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5048": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5047": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5046": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5045": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5026": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2181": {"$update": {"model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software."}}, "5042": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5041": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5040": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1807": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1806": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3429": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2009": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"41439": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3''-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 3''-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}}}}}, "1802": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1801": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"]}}}, "1860": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3423": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4931": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3421": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3420": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "5019": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3426": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3425": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "3424": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4996": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4997": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2019": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1365": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36484": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 6'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 6-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["40942"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46129": {"category_aro_name": "5-episisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46129", "category_aro_accession": "3007379", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "5-episosomicin is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to sisomicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35932": {"category_aro_name": "amikacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35932", "category_aro_accession": "0000013", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4992": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "2007": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4859": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "1361": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4857": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "30": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "478": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$update": {"36461": {"$update": {"category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 3-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 3-amino group of the compound."}}}, "$delete": ["35933", "36999", "40307"], "$insert": {"46128": {"category_aro_name": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46128", "category_aro_accession": "3007378", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "2'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "46133": {"category_aro_name": "gentamicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46133", "category_aro_accession": "3007382", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gentamicin is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from members of the Micromonospora genus of bacteria. It acts by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Gentamicin is typically used to treat Gram-negative infections of the repiratory and urinary tract, as well as infections of the bone and soft tissue. It also exhibits considerable nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Gentamicin is administered as a mixture of gentamicin type C (which makes about around 80% of the complex) and types A, B, and X (distributed in the remaining 20% of the complex)."}, "46127": {"category_aro_name": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46127", "category_aro_accession": "3007377", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "6'-N-ethylnetilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and a derivative of netilmicin."}, "35953": {"category_aro_name": "sisomicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35953", "category_aro_accession": "0000035", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Sisomicin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35956": {"category_aro_name": "netilmicin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35956", "category_aro_accession": "0000038", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin."}, "35926": {"category_aro_name": "dibekacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35926", "category_aro_accession": "0000007", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Dibekacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Dibekacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}}}}, "4854": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4853": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4852": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4998": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}, "4850": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$insert": {"35930": {"category_aro_name": "cloxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35930", "category_aro_accession": "0000011", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic, isoxazolyl penicillin derivative in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. It interferes with peptidogylcan synthesis and is commonly used for treating penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35973": {"category_aro_name": "oxacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35973", "category_aro_accession": "0000056", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Oxacillin, especially in combination with other antibiotics, is effective against many penicillinase-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis."}}}}}}, "$delete": ["2200", "2317"], "$insert": {"5902": {"model_id": "5902", "ARO_accession": "3007375", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "475", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-87 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8596": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGCGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "879", "accession": "MZ067230.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QUR41143.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYAANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-87", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}, "35990": {"category_aro_name": "meropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35990", "category_aro_accession": "0000073", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-87", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-87", "ARO_id": "46125", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5903": {"model_id": "5903", "ARO_accession": "3007381", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-86 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8638": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGGTACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "882", "accession": "MZ067229.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QUR41142.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARGTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-86", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-86", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-86", "ARO_id": "46131", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5900": {"model_id": "5900", "ARO_accession": "3007372", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "150", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "FosBx1 is a fosfomycin resistance gene.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8594": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGTTAAGGGGAATCAATCATATTTGTTTTTCGGTATCTAATTTAGAAAACTCTATTATGTTTTATGAAAAAGTATTAGAAGGAGAATTATTAGTTAAAGGAAGAAAATTGGCTTATTTTAACATATGTGGAGTATGGATAGCGCTTAATGAAGAGACGCATATTCCGAGAAATGAGATTCATCAATCTTATACGCACATTGCATTTTCTGTTGAAAAAGAAGACTTTAAATGTCTAATACAGCGATTAGAAGAAAATGATGTTCATATTTTACAAGGAAGAGAACGTGATGTAAGAGATTGCGAATCTATATACTTTGTTGATCCTGACGGTCATAAATTTGAGTTTCACTCAGGGACACTGCAAGACCGTTTAAATTATTATAGAGATGAGAAACCTCATATGACATTTTATTAG", "fmax": "1916388", "accession": "CP043966.1", "fmin": "1915971", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Bacillus cereus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1396", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36751"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QLF01382.1", "sequence": "MLRGINHICFSVSNLENSIMFYEKVLEGELLVKGRKLAYFNICGVWIALNEETHIPRNEIHQSYTHIAFSVEKEDFKCLIQRLEENDVHILQGRERDVRDCESIYFVDPDGHKFEFHSGTLQDRLNYYRDEKPHMTFY"}}}}, "model_name": "FosBx1", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosBx1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosBx1", "ARO_id": "46120", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5901": {"model_id": "5901", "ARO_accession": "3007374", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "550", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "PJM-1 is a chromosomally-encoded subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamase found in P. japonensis confering resistance to a range of antibiotics including ampicillin, cefalotin, and cefoxitin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8595": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCTCCGCTCCACCCTGCTTTCCGCTCTGGTCGCGCTCGTGCTTCCCTCCGCCGCGCTCGCTTCCGACGCGACCACGGCCAAAGCCTGCGCCGACGATGCCGGCTGGAACGATCCCGCCATGCCGCTGAAGGTCTACGGCAACACCTGGTACGTCGGCACGTGCGGCATCAGCGCCTTGCTGGTGACCTCCGATGAAGGCCACATCCTGGTCGACGCCGCCACGCCGCAGGCCGGCCCGCAGATCCTCGCCAATATCCGCGCCCTCGGCTTCAAGCCGGAGGACGTGCGTGCCATCGTGTTCTCGCACGAGCACTTCGACCATGCCGGCAGCCTGGCCGAGTTGCAGCAGGCCACGGGCGCGCCGGTGTATGCGCGTTCCCCTGCCGTTGCCACGCTCAAGCGCGGCGCCAGCGATCGCAGCGATCCGCAGCATGAGGTACTCGATCCGTTCGCGCCGGTCCAGCAGGTGGTCGTACTCGACGACGACGGCGTGGTGCGTGTCGGTCCGCTCGCCCTGCAGGTCGTTCCCACGCCGGGACACACGCCCGGCGGCACCAGCTGGACTTGGCGCTCGTGCGAGGGCGACGACTGCCGGCAGATGGTCTATGCCGACAGCCTGACCGCGATCTCCGACGATGTGTACCGCTACAGTGACGATGCGGCGCATCCCGGTTACGTGGCGGCATTCCGCGAGACGCTGGCCCGGGTCGCGGCACTCGAGTGCGACATCCTGGTGACGCCACATCCGTCGGCCAGCCAACTCTGGTCCCGCATCGGTCCCCGCGCCGACCGCCCGCTGGTCGACACCAGCGCCTGCCGCACCTATGCACGGACCGCGACGCAGCGGCTGGACAAGCGGCTCGCGGACGAAGCGTCGAAGCCCCCCGTGCCTGCGCCTTGA", "fmax": "36474", "accession": "PDWW01000024.1", "fmin": "35568", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "69284", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46123"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "KAF1723741.1", "sequence": "MTLRSTLLSALVALVLPSAALASDATTAKACADDAGWNDPAMPLKVYGNTWYVGTCGISALLVTSDEGHILVDAATPQAGPQILANIRALGFKPEDVRAIVFSHEHFDHAGSLAELQQATGAPVYARSPAVATLKRGASDRSDPQHEVLDPFAPVQQVVVLDDDGVVRVGPLALQVVPTPGHTPGGTSWTWRSCEGDDCRQMVYADSLTAISDDVYRYSDDAAHPGYVAAFRETLARVAALECDILVTPHPSASQLWSRIGPRADRPLVDTSACRTYARTATQRLDKRLADEASKPPVPAP"}}}}, "model_name": "PJM-1", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36989": {"category_aro_name": "cefotaxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36989", "category_aro_accession": "3000645", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups."}, "36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "46121": {"category_aro_name": "PJM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46121", "category_aro_accession": "3007373", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A family of subclass B3 metallo-beta-lactamases with activity against a range of beta-lactam antibiotics."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35927": {"category_aro_name": "cefoxitin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35927", "category_aro_accession": "0000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefoxitin is a cephamycin antibiotic often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins. Cefoxitin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. Cefoxitin's 7-alpha-methoxy group and 3' leaving group make it a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "PJM-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "PJM-1", "ARO_id": "46122", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5906": {"model_id": "5906", "ARO_accession": "3007402", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "475", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-94 is a mutated carbapenemase allele found in Klebsiella pneumoniae.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8602": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGTACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "879", "accession": "MZ646140.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QYE52346.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELEHSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKYSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-94", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}, "35990": {"category_aro_name": "meropenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35990", "category_aro_accession": "0000073", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Meropenem is an ultra-broad spectrum injectable antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections, including meningitis and pneumonia. It is a beta-lactam and belongs to the subgroup of carbapenem, similar to imipenem and ertapenem."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-94", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-94", "ARO_id": "46153", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5907": {"model_id": "5907", "ARO_accession": "3004668", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "Located on the chromosome of Aliivibrio salmonicida. Provides low-level resistance to quinolones.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8616": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTAAATATAATGAAATATTCGATAACGTGGATTTTTCGAAACAAGATTTAAGAGAATCCTATTTTGAAGGGTGTAAGTTTTATCGATGTGATTTCAATCGAACCAATCTGAGAGACTCCCGATTTGTTGATTGTGTTTTTATCGAACAGGGGGCAATTGAAGGTTGTCATTTTGATTACAGTGACTTAAGGGACGCATCATTTAAACGCTGTCGCTTAACCATGTCTAATTTTAAAGGCGCAAATTGCTTTGGTGTCGAATTTAGAGAGTGTGATTTAAAAGGAGCTAATTTTGTTCAAGCCAGTTTTGTTAATCAAATAAGTCATCAAATGTATTTCTGCTCTGCTTATATTACGGGGTGTAATTTGTCTTATGCGAATTTTGAACGCCTATGTATCGAGAAATGTGACTTGTTTGAGAACAAATGGAACGGAGCTAATTTACAAGGGGCATCTTTTAAGGGTTCGGACCTTTCTCGTGGCGCATTCTCTGAAGACTCGTGGGGTCAATTTAGAATGCAAGATGCAAACTTATGTCATTGTGAATTGGATGGTTTAGATCCCCGTAGAATTGATTTAACCGGTGTTAAGATCTGTGCATGGCAACAAGAGCAATTATTAGAGCCATTAGGATTAGTGGTACTGCCTGACTAA", "fmax": "1700140", "accession": "FM178379.1", "fmin": "1699483", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "316275", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46173"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAQ79275.1", "sequence": "MAKYNEIFDNVDFSKQDLRESYFEGCKFYRCDFNRTNLRDSRFVDCVFIEQGAIEGCHFDYSDLRDASFKRCRLTMSNFKGANCFGVEFRECDLKGANFVQASFVNQISHQMYFCSAYITGCNLSYANFERLCIEKCDLFENKWNGANLQGASFKGSDLSRGAFSEDSWGQFRMQDANLCHCELDGLDPRRIDLTGVKICAWQQEQLLEPLGLVVLPD"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrAS", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrAS", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrAS", "ARO_id": "42715", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5904": {"model_id": "5904", "ARO_accession": "3007383", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "475", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-95 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase found in Klebsiella pneumonia.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8599": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCACCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCTATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGTACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "882", "accession": "MZ646141.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QYE52347.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSTIPGDARYTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKYSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-95", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-95", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-95", "ARO_id": "46134", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5905": {"model_id": "5905", "ARO_accession": "3007401", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "A plasmid-borne ANT(9)-I variant identified from Enterococcus faecalis. ANT(9)-Ib confers resistance to spectinomycin through enzymatic inactivation.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8601": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGAGGAGGATATATTTGAATACATACGAACAAATTAATAAAGTGAAAAAAATACTTCGGAAACATTTAAAAAATAACCTTATTGGTACTTACATGTTTGGATCAGGAGTTGAGAGTGGACTAAAACCAAATAGTGATCTTGACTTTTTAGTCGTCGTATCTGAACCATTGACAGATCAAAGTAAAGAAATACTTATACAAAAAATTAGACCTATTTCAAAAAAAATAGGAGATAAAAGCAACTTACGATATATTGAATTAACAATTATTATTCAGCAAGAAATGGTACCGTGGAATCATCCTCCCAAACAAGAATTTATTTATGGAGAATGGTTACAAGAGCTTTATGAACAAGGATACATTCCTCAGAAGGAATTAAATTCAGATTTAACCATAATGCTTTACCAAGCAAAACGAAAAAATAAAAGAATATACGGAAATTATGACTTAGAGGAATTACTACCTGATATTCCATTTTCTGATGTGAGAAGAGCCATTATGGATTCGTCAGAGGAATTAATAGATAATTATCAGGATGATGAAACCAACTCTATATTAACTTTATGCCGTATGATTTTAACTATGGACACGGGTAAAATCATACCAAAAGATATTGCGGGAAATGCAGTGGCTGAATCTTCTCCATTAGAACATAGGGAGAGAATTTTGTTAGCAGTTCGTAGTTATCTTGGAGAGAATATTGAATGGACTAATGAAAATGTAAATTTAACTATAAACTATTTAAATAACAGATTAAAAAAATTATAA", "fmax": "1038", "accession": "M69221.1", "fmin": "270", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterococcus faecalis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1351", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35918"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAA16527.1", "sequence": "MRRIYLNTYEQINKVKKILRKHLKNNLIGTYMFGSGVESGLKPNSDLDFLVVVSEPLTDQSKEILIQKIRPISKKIGDKSNLRYIELTIIIQQEMVPWNHPPKQEFIYGEWLQELYEQGYIPQKELNSDLTIMLYQAKRKNKRIYGNYDLEELLPDIPFSDVRRAIMDSSEELIDNYQDDETNSILTLCRMILTMDTGKIIPKDIAGNAVAESSPLEHRERILLAVRSYLGENIEWTNENVNLTINYLNNRLKKL"}}}}, "model_name": "ANT(9)-Ib", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35957": {"category_aro_name": "spectinomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35957", "category_aro_accession": "0000039", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Spectinomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Spectinomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit inhibiting translation."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36367": {"category_aro_name": "ANT(9)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36367", "category_aro_accession": "3000228", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 9-hydroxyl group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics, specifically streptomycin, by transfer of an AMP group from an ATP substrate to the 9-hydroxyl group of the compound."}}, "ARO_name": "ANT(9)-Ib", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "ANT(9)-Ib", "ARO_id": "46152", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5908": {"model_id": "5908", "ARO_accession": "3002754", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB39 is a chromosome-mediated quinolone resistance protein found in Citrobacter youngae.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8617": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACTCTGGCGTTGGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACAGGTTCACCGGTGTGAAAGTTGAAAATAGCACGTTTTTCAACTGTGATTTTTCGGGTACCGACCTTAGCGGCACTGAATTTATTGGCTGCCAGTTTTATGATCGAGAGAGCCAGAAAGGGTGTAATTTTAGTCGCGCTATCCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTCAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTCAGAAATGCCAGCGCGCTGGGAATCGAGATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCGCAAGGTTCGGATTTTCGCGGTGCCAGTTTTATGAATATGATCACCACCCGCACCTGGTTTTGCAGCGCTTATATCACCAATACAAACTTAAGCTACGCCAACTTTTCGAAAGTCGTACTGGAAAAGTGCGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTACTCAGGTACTGGGGGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCAGATCTTTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGTCGTTCGACTGGCGGGCCGCGAACTTTACGCACTGTGACCTGACCAACTCGGAGCTGGGTGATTTAGACGTCCGTGGGGTGGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAACTGGACAGCTACCAGGCGTCTTTGATCCTGGAGCGTCTTGGCATCGCTGTCATTGGTTAA", "fmax": "134210", "accession": "ABWL02000005.1", "fmin": "133565", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "500640", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39643"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "EFE09657.1", "sequence": "MTLALVGEKIDRNRFTGVKVENSTFFNCDFSGTDLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGCNFSRAILKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNASALGIEIRHCRAQGSDFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGTQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSSFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDVRGVDLQGVKLDSYQASLILERLGIAVIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB39", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB39", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB39", "ARO_id": "39188", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5909": {"model_id": "5909", "ARO_accession": "3003187", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB75 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8618": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACCGTTTCACCGGTGAGAAAATTGAAAATAGTACATTTTTTAACTGTGATTTTTCAGGTGCCGACCTGAGCGGCACTGAATTTATCGGCTGTCAGTTCTATGATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGGGGGCAAATTTAGTCGTGCGATGCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTTAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTTCGCAATTCCAGTGCGCTGGGCATTGAAATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCACAAGGCGCAGATTTCCGCGGCGCAAGCTTTATGAATATGATCACCACGCGCACCTGGTTTTGTAGCGCATATATCACGAATACCAATCTAAGCTACGCCAATTTTTCGAAAGTCGTGTTGGAAAAGTGTGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTGCCCAGGTACTGGGCGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCGGATCTCTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGACTTTCGACTGGCGAGCAGCAAACTTCACACATTGCGATCTGACCAATTCGGAGTTGGGTGACTTAGATATTCGGGGCGTTGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAGCTGGACAACTACCAGGCGTCGTTGCTCATGGAGCGGCTTGGCATCGCGGTGATTGGCTAG", "fmax": "2720", "accession": "KP207591.1", "fmin": "2075", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter freundii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "546", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKI82195.1", "sequence": "MALALVGEKIDRNRFTGEKIENSTFFNCDFSGADLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGGKFSRAMLKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNSSALGIEIRHCRAQGADFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGAQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSTFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDIRGVDLQGVKLDNYQASLLMERLGIAVIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB75", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB75", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB75", "ARO_id": "39764", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5854": {"model_id": "5854", "ARO_accession": "3007249", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8548": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCTATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTGATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCCTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGAAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTATAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGATACCAACCCATTCACAAGTAAGTCTGGTGGTGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTTTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGAGCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGCCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332764.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas bivalvium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "440079", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45937"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273843.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVLFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEKKWFKGIITRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQELDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.14", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.14", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.14", "ARO_id": "45995", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5855": {"model_id": "5855", "ARO_accession": "3007250", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8549": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGCGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAAAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTATAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGCTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGTTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCAATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCATACAAATTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT809047.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas veronii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "654", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39677"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331896.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFITLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCNKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.37", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.37", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.37", "ARO_id": "45996", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5856": {"model_id": "5856", "ARO_accession": "3007251", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8550": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTGCCGCTCATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATTCTTTACAAATTAGAAGACTTTAAATTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGCGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCATTAGCATATTTAAGCTTGACAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTTAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGCGTCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCCCTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTTTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCGGCCAATTTTGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATATGTTTATAATCGTTATTTTGCAGAACCAATCCCATTTACTACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATAAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTCCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACGGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGATACCAACCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGTCTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACAGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATCACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGATTGTCCACGCATTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAATTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCTGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGATCTGGATGTCACCAGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCACAACCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGGATATGGGATGTGAAGACAGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT787344.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas caviae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "648", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36936"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_039039919.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLTIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRVLSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYFAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNKSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGLISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRIDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQIWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNATTNRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.38", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.38", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.38", "ARO_id": "45997", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5857": {"model_id": "5857", "ARO_accession": "3007252", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8551": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTGCCGCTCATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATTCTTTACAAATTAGAAGACTTTAAATTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGCGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCATTAGCATATTTAAGCTTGACAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTTAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGCGTCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCCCTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTTTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCGGCCAATTTTGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATATGTTTATAATCGTTATTTTGCAGAACCAATCCCATTTACTACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATAAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTCCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACGGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGATACCAACCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGTGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACAGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATCACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGATTGTCCACGCATTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTAGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAATTGAAAAACTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCTGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGATCTGGATGTCACCAGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCACAACCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGGATATGGGATGTGAAGACAGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332765.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas media", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "651", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39526"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273844.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLTIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRVLSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYFAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNKSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRIDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDLVIAEMIAKLKNYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQIWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNATTNRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.15", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.15", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.15", "ARO_id": "45998", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5850": {"model_id": "5850", "ARO_accession": "3007245", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8544": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGTGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MW940640.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_213994614.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAVFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.31", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.31", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.31", "ARO_id": "45991", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5851": {"model_id": "5851", "ARO_accession": "3007246", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8545": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAGGTCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATACCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "8948", "accession": "KX443408.2", "fmin": "7322", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_109545052.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKVSQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIIPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.14", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.14", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.14", "ARO_id": "45992", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5852": {"model_id": "5852", "ARO_accession": "3007247", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8546": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCACTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGGTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MN879259.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_160164899.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVTPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPVRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.25", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.25", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.25", "ARO_id": "45993", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5853": {"model_id": "5853", "ARO_accession": "3007248", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8547": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTGCCGCTCATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATTCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAATTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAATTTTGCATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGCGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCATTAGCATATTTAAGTTTGCCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTTAAAGGAATTCTAACTCGCGTCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCCCTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTTTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCGGCCAATTTTGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATATGTTTATAATCGTTATCTTGCAGAACCAATCCCATTTACTACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATAAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTCCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACTGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGATACCAACCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGTGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACAGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAGGTCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGATTGTCCACGCAGTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCATTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACAGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT791039.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas jandaei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "650", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42604"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331892.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFAFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRVLSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNKSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEVKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.33", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.33", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.33", "ARO_id": "45994", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5914": {"model_id": "5914", "ARO_accession": "3005023", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "650", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "The gene cfr(E) is a cfr-like gene found in Clostridioides difficile isolate DF11. It confers resistance to antibiotics targeting to the 23s rRNA through hypermethylation of nucleotide A2503.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8623": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATTTATTCAAAATATGAGGTTATGAAGCGATGTATATCGGGAATGAATTTTCCGGATTATCGCTATGAGCAATTGATAAAGATGATTTTTGCACAGCATATTCCTGACTTTCATTCCATGTATATGCTGCCGGAAAGACTAAGATCAAATTTGGCGGAAACTTTTGGGACCTCTGTCTGCGGCCTTGTTCCAGTTACACATCGGGCATCGGGCCAGGCAGATAAGGTGCTTTTTCAATTAAAGGATGGAAACTGCGTCGAAACGGTGAACCTGCATTACAAAAAAGGATGGGAATCTTTTTGCGTCTCATCTCAATGCGGCTGTGGGTTTGGCTGCAAATTCTGCGCAACAGGTGCTATCGGACACAAACGCAATATGACCGCTGATGAAATAACAGATCAAATTCTGTATTTTTATCTTGCAGGGCATCAAATCAATAGTGTTTCTTTTATGGGAATGGGCGAGCCGTTTGCGAATCCCAATTTATTTGACGCATTAAAAATCCTGACAAACCCGTCTTTGTTCGGATTAAGCCAGCGACGCATTACCATATCGACGATTGGAATGATTCCCGGGATAAAACGGCTGACCCGTGATTTTCCGCAGGTGAATTTAGCTTTTTCGCTGCACTCGCCTTTTGAAAAGCAACGTTCGGAATTGATGCCGATCAATCAAACTTATCCGCTCCATAAAGTAATGGATGCGTTGGATGCGCACGTTGCAAATACCAAAAGGCGCTTGTTCCTGGCTTATATTATGCTGGGCGGAATAAATGATTCGGCAGAGCATGCGAAAGCGTTAGCGCACCTTATTTTGAGCCGGGGAGCGTTGTCCTATCTATATCATGTTGATCTTATCCCATATAACGCAACAGATAAGACGGCGCGAAAATTTACCGCTTCAAATCACGAAGCCATTAAAAACTTCAGTGATATTTTACATTCCAACCGTATCAGCGTGGCTATCAGAATGCAGTTCGGTTCTGATATCGGCGCCGGGTGCGGGCAGTTGTATGCTGATGAAAGGGATTGA", "fmax": "17069", "accession": "QUDP01000003.1", "fmin": "16034", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Clostridium sp. AF37-7", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "2293017", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46174"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "RHO92765.1", "sequence": "MIYSKYEVMKRCISGMNFPDYRYEQLIKMIFAQHIPDFHSMYMLPERLRSNLAETFGTSVCGLVPVTHRASGQADKVLFQLKDGNCVETVNLHYKKGWESFCVSSQCGCGFGCKFCATGAIGHKRNMTADEITDQILYFYLAGHQINSVSFMGMGEPFANPNLFDALKILTNPSLFGLSQRRITISTIGMIPGIKRLTRDFPQVNLAFSLHSPFEKQRSELMPINQTYPLHKVMDALDAHVANTKRRLFLAYIMLGGINDSAEHAKALAHLILSRGALSYLYHVDLIPYNATDKTARKFTASNHEAIKNFSDILHSNRISVAIRMQFGSDIGAGCGQLYADERD"}}}}, "model_name": "cfrE", "ARO_category": {"35945": {"category_aro_name": "streptogramin antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35945", "category_aro_accession": "0000026", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Streptogramin antibiotics are natural products produced by various members of the Streptomyces genus. These antibiotics bind to the P site of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The family consists of two subgroups, type A and type B, which are simultaneously produced by the same bacterial species in a ratio of roughly 70:30."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36218": {"category_aro_name": "oxazolidinone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36218", "category_aro_accession": "3000079", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Oxazolidinones are a class of synthetic antibiotics discovered the the 1980's.  They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.  Linezolid is the only member of this class currently in clinical use."}, "36526": {"category_aro_name": "phenicol antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36526", "category_aro_accession": "3000387", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Phenicols are broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics acting on bacterial protein synthesis. More specifically, the phenicols block peptide elongation by binding to the peptidyltansferase centre of the 70S ribosome."}, "36341": {"category_aro_name": "Cfr 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36341", "category_aro_accession": "3000202", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Cfr genes produce enzymes which catalyze the methylation of the 23S rRNA subunit at position 8 of adenine-2503. Methylation of 23S rRNA at this site confers resistance to some classes of antibiotics, including streptogramins, chloramphenicols, florfenicols, linezolids and clindamycin."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}, "ARO_name": "cfrE", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "cfrE", "ARO_id": "43214", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5917": {"model_id": "5917", "ARO_accession": "3003839", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "600", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "Mrx is part of the macrolide inactivation gene cluster in Aeromonas hydrophila.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8632": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCGAACGTCGATATAGCCCGCTCGCGACGCTGTTCGCGGCGACCTTTCTCTTCCGGATCGGCAACGCGGTGGCGGCCCTCGCGCTTCCATGGTTCGTCCTGTCTCATACAAAGAGCGCGGCCTGGGCGGGCGCCACGGCCGCTAGCAGCGTCATCGCGACCATCATCGGCGCGTGGGTTGGTGGTGGCCTCGTCGATCGGTTCGGGCGCGCGCCCGTCGCATTGATCTCGGGTGTGGTGGGCGGCGTGGCCATGGCGAGCATCCCACTGCTCGATGCCGTTGGCGCCCTCTCGAACACTGGGCTGATCGCTTGCGTGGTGCTCGGTGCCGCGTTCGACGCACCCGGTATGGCCGCGCAGGACAGTGAGCTGCCCAAACTCGGCCACGTCGCCGGGCTCTCCGTTGAGCGCGTCTCGTCACTGAAAGCGGTGATCGGGAACGTCGCGATTCTAGGTGGCCCGGCCCTTGGGGGGGCCGCAATCGGCCTGCTTGGCGCTGCGCCAACGCTCGGGCTGACGGCGTTCTGCTCCGTCCTTGCAGGTCTGCTCGGCGCGTGGGTGCTTCCCGCGCGTGCCGCTCGGACGATGACCACGACGGCGACTCTCTCCATGCGCGCCGGCGTCGCTTTTCTCTGGAGCGAACCCCTGCTGCGCCCTCTCTTTGGTATAGTGATGATCTTCGTGGGCATCGTTGGCGCCAACGGCAGCGTCATCATGCCTGCGCTGTTTGTAGATGCAGGACGCCAAGTAGCAGAGCTCGGGCTGTTCTCCTCAATGATGGGGGCTGGTGGTCTCCTTGGCATTGCCATTCATGCGTCGGTCGGCGCCCGGATATCAGCGCAGAACTGGCTGGCGGTGGCATTTTGTGGCTCTGCGGTGGGCTCGCTTCTGCTTTCACAGTTGCCAGGCGTGCCGGTGCTGATGTTGTTGGGCGCGCTCGTGGGACTGCTGACCGGCTCAGTCTCTCCCATTCTCAACGCTGCCATCTACAACCGCACGCCGCCAGAACTTCTCGGCCGGGTACTCGGCACGGTCTCGGCGGTGATGCTGTCAGCCTCGCCCATGGTTATGCTTGCGGCCGGCGCGTTTGTCGACCTTGCTGGTCCGCTCCCTGGCCTCGTTGTATCGGCCGTGTTTGCGGGGCTCGTGGCTCTACTCTCGCTCCGTCTTCAATTTGCTACAATGGCGGCGGCAGCCACAGCCTCCGCCCCAACCCATACAGAAGGTGAACACTGA", "fmax": "8983", "accession": "AY522923.1", "fmin": "7744", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas hydrophila", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "644", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36810"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAS13767.1", "sequence": "MSERRYSPLATLFAATFLFRIGNAVAALALPWFVLSHTKSAAWAGATAASSVIATIIGAWVGGGLVDRFGRAPVALISGVVGGVAMASIPLLDAVGALSNTGLIACVVLGAAFDAPGMAAQDSELPKLGHVAGLSVERVSSLKAVIGNVAILGGPALGGAAIGLLGAAPTLGLTAFCSVLAGLLGAWVLPARAARTMTTTATLSMRAGVAFLWSEPLLRPLFGIVMIFVGIVGANGSVIMPALFVDAGRQVAELGLFSSMMGAGGLLGIAIHASVGARISAQNWLAVAFCGSAVGSLLLSQLPGVPVLMLLGALVGLLTGSVSPILNAAIYNRTPPELLGRVLGTVSAVMLSASPMVMLAAGAFVDLAGPLPGLVVSAVFAGLVALLSLRLQFATMAAAATASAPTHTEGEH"}}}}, "model_name": "Mrx", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36472": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36472", "category_aro_accession": "3000333", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Macrolide phosphotransferases (MPH) are enzymes encoded by macrolide phosphotransferase genes (mph genes). These enzymes phosphorylate macrolides in GTP dependent manner at 2'-OH of desosamine sugar thereby inactivating them. Characterized MPH's are differentiated based on their substrate specificity."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}}, "ARO_name": "Mrx", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "Mrx", "ARO_id": "40531", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5916": {"model_id": "5916", "ARO_accession": "3004600", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "LnuH is a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase transferase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8648": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCAGTTACAAATGATTAACAAAACAAAATCTATAGCTCAACAAGACGAAAATGTTTCCGCTGTTTTTATGTATGGTTCATTTACTAAAAGCGAAGGAGATAAATATTCTGATATCGAATTTTACATCTTTTTAAAAAATAAAGAAAATTTCTCGTCGGAAAAATGGGTAAATCAAATTCATCCTGTGGCATTATATTTTACAAATGAATATGGAAGCGAAGTTGCTATTTTTGAGAATATGGTCAGAGGCGAATTTCATTTTTTAAAAACGGAGGAAATTGAAATTATCAAATCTTGGGACGGAATTGTTGCATTTAGCGATTTTGACCAAATGAACCTAATCGACAAAGACGGACATTTAACGAAAACACTAAATCAAATCAAAACGAAATCGCCCGAAAGAATAACAAATGAAAACATCTTGTGGTTAAGTCAATCATTACTGAATGTTATACTGACAACAAGCAACTTAATTAAGCGAGAAGAATTTGCTCATGCTCATCATAGTTTATCAAATGTTCAGAAATATTTGCTTTGGCTTATTAGAGCAAGAACAAACAAAACCCAACATTGGGAAAGTCCAACTAAAAGTCTTGAAAAGGATATTGATACGACTTGGTATTTTGCGTATAAAACAGTAACATCGGATTTAAATCCTAAAAATATAATTTTAGCTTTTGAAAACTCATTAAATTTATCGGAAAAACTATTTGACGAACTAAATATTGAACCAAAAATGAAAGAAATCCTACATGAAATAAGAAAAAACTACCGCTAA", "fmax": "1862223", "accession": "NC_020125.1", "fmin": "1861440", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Riemerella anatipestifer RA-CH-2", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1271752", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46175"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_051021433.1", "sequence": "MTQLQMINKTKSIAQQDENVSAVFMYGSFTKSEGDKYSDIEFYIFLKNKENFSSEKWVNQIHPVALYFTNEYGSEVAIFENMVRGEFHFLKTEEIEIIKSWDGIVAFSDFDQMNLIDKDGHLTKTLNQIKTKSPERITNENILWLSQSLLNVILTTSNLIKREEFAHAHHSLSNVQKYLLWLIRARTNKTQHWESPTKSLEKDIDTTWYFAYKTVTSDLNPKNIILAFENSLNLSEKLFDELNIEPKMKEILHEIRKNYR"}}}}, "model_name": "LnuH", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36360": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (LNU)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36360", "category_aro_accession": "3000221", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Resistance to the lincosamide antibiotic by ATP-dependent modification of the 3' and/or 4'-hydroxyl groups of the methylthiolincosamide sugar."}, "35936": {"category_aro_name": "lincosamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35936", "category_aro_accession": "0000017", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Lincosamides (e.g. lincomycin, clindamycin) are a class of drugs which bind to the 23s portion of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This interaction inhibits early elongation of peptide chains by inhibiting the transpeptidase reaction, acting similarly to macrolides."}}, "ARO_name": "LnuH", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "LnuH", "ARO_id": "42533", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5858": {"model_id": "5858", "ARO_accession": "3007253", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8552": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTGCCGCTCATATTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATTCTTTACAAATTAGAAGACTTTAAATTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGCGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCATTAGCATATTTAAGCTTGACAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTTAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGCGTCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCCCTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTTTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCGGCCAATTTTGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATATGTTTATAATCGTTATTTTGCAGAACCAATCCCATTTACTACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATAAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTCCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACGGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGATACCAACCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGTGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACAGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATCACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGATTGTCCACGCATTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTAGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAATTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCTGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGATCTGGATGTCACCAGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCACAACCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGGATATGGGATGTGAAGACAGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH131694.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "642", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37047"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_017778762.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLTIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRVLSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYFAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNKSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRIDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDLVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQIWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNATTNRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.27", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.27", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.27", "ARO_id": "45999", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5859": {"model_id": "5859", "ARO_accession": "3007254", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8553": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATATTTTTTTGGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTGATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCCTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGAAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTATAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTACATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGAAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCATTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTTGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGACAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGCTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGTTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTTCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCACAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT757847.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331891.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFWALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEKKWFKGIITRALSMFTSLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTIKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVSNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNATANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.32", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.32", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.32", "ARO_id": "46000", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5912": {"model_id": "5912", "ARO_accession": "3003192", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB80 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8621": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACCGCTTCACCGGTGAGAAAATTGAAAATAGTACATTTTTTAACTGTGATTTTTCAGGTGCCGACCTGAGCGGCACTGAATTTATCGGCTGTCAGTTCTATGATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGGGTGCAATTTTAGTCGTGCGATGCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTTAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTTCGCAATGCCAGTGCGCTTGACATTGAAATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCACAAGGCGCAGATTTCCGCGGCGCAAGCTTTATGAATATGATCACCACGCGCACCTGGTTTTGTAGCGCATATATCACGAATACAAATCTAAGCTACGCCAATTTTTCGAAAGTCGTGCTGGAAAAGTGTGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTACCCAGGTACTGGGCGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCAGATCTCTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGACTTTCGACTGGCGAGCAGCAAACTTCACACATTGCGATCTGACCAATTCGGAGTTGGGTGACTTAGATATTCGGGGGGTTGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAGTTGGACAACTACCAGGCATCGTTGCTCATGGAACGTCTTGGCATCGCGATTATTGGCTAG", "fmax": "645", "accession": "KM985473.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter freundii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "546", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKO62872.1", "sequence": "MALALVGEKIDRNRFTGEKIENSTFFNCDFSGADLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGCNFSRAMLKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNASALDIEIRHCRAQGADFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGTQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSTFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDIRGVDLQGVKLDNYQASLLMERLGIAIIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB80", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB80", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB80", "ARO_id": "39769", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5847": {"model_id": "5847", "ARO_accession": "3007242", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8541": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGATGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MT731965.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331885.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENDVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.30", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.30", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.30", "ARO_id": "45988", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5846": {"model_id": "5846", "ARO_accession": "3007241", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8540": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGTCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MT731964.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331884.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGSAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.29", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.29", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.29", "ARO_id": "45987", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5845": {"model_id": "5845", "ARO_accession": "3007240", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8539": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCATCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MK490674.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "28901", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35672"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_129336087.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTILTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.19", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.19", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.19", "ARO_id": "45986", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5844": {"model_id": "5844", "ARO_accession": "3007239", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8538": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTTCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MN017134.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_148044477.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQFLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.22", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.22", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.22", "ARO_id": "45985", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5843": {"model_id": "5843", "ARO_accession": "3007238", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8537": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATAGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MK568462.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_136512110.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDSLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.16", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.16", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.16", "ARO_id": "45984", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5842": {"model_id": "5842", "ARO_accession": "3007237", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8536": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGTCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MK965883.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_140423330.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTSVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.21", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.21", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.21", "ARO_id": "45983", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5841": {"model_id": "5841", "ARO_accession": "3007236", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8535": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAATGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MT770924.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_181464119.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKANAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.28", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.28", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.28", "ARO_id": "45982", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5840": {"model_id": "5840", "ARO_accession": "3007235", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8534": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGCTGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "LS398440.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_140423329.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGALLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.20", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.20", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.20", "ARO_id": "45981", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5919": {"model_id": "5919", "ARO_accession": "3003188", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB76 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8634": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACGCCATTACTGTATAAAAAAACAGGTACAAATATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACCGCTTCACCGGTGAGAAAATTGAAAATAGTACATTTTTTAACTGTGATTTTTCAGGTGCCGACCTGAGTGGCACTGAATTTATCGGCTGTCAGTTCTATGATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGGGTGCAATTTTAGTCGTGCAATGCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTTAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTTCGCAATGCCAGTGCGCTGGGCATTGAAATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCACAAGGCGCAGATTTCCGCGGCGCAAGCTTTATGAATATGATCACTACACGCACCTGGTTTTGCAGCGCATATATCACTAACACAAATCTAAGCTACGCCAATTTTTCGAAAGTCGTGCTGGAAAAGTGTGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTGCCCAGGTACTGGGCGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCAGATCTCTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGACTTTCGACTGGCGAGCAGCAAACTTCACACATTGCGATCTGACCAATTCGGAGTTGGGTGACTTAGATATTCGGGGCGTTGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAGTTGGACAACTACCAGGCATCGTTGCTCATGGAACGTCTTGGCATCGCGATTATTGGCTAG", "fmax": "2715917", "accession": "AP022513.1", "fmin": "2715236", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter portucalensis", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1639133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "43754"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BBW41109.1", "sequence": "MTPLLYKKTGTNMALALVGEKIDRNRFTGEKIENSTFFNCDFSGADLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGCNFSRAMLKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNASALGIEIRHCRAQGADFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGAQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSTFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDIRGVDLQGVKLDNYQASLLMERLGIAIIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB76", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB76", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB76", "ARO_id": "39765", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5849": {"model_id": "5849", "ARO_accession": "3007244", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8543": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAACTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MK568463.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_136512111.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPTLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.17", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.17", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.17", "ARO_id": "45990", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5848": {"model_id": "5848", "ARO_accession": "3007243", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8542": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCCGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCAGTATTCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCCATGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTGGCCAGTACTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATTCCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGTGTAAGCCACGCGTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCACGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTTTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MN879257.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_160164898.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLAPILLPVVAFSSQYSSFFRVHKPPCSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASTEYKKASAPKDSIYHAKDAVQATKPDMCKPRVVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYFVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.24", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.24", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.24", "ARO_id": "45989", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5911": {"model_id": "5911", "ARO_accession": "3003190", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB78 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8620": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACCGTTTCACCGGTGAGAAAATTGAAAATAGTACATTTTTTAACTGTGATTTTTCAGGTGCCGACCTAAGTGGTACTGAATTTATCGGCTGTCAGTTCTATGATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGGGTGCAATTTTAGTCGTGCAATGCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTTAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTTCGCAATGCCAGTGCGCTGGGCATTGAAATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCACAAGGCGCAGATTTCCGCGGCGCAAGCTTTATGAATATGATCACTACACGCACCTGGTTTTGCAGCGCATATATCACTAACACAAATCTAAGCTACGCCAATTTTTCGAAAGTCGTGCTGGAAAAGTGTGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTGCCCAGGTACTGGGCGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCAGATCTCTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGACTTTCGACTGGCGAGCAGCAAACTTCACACATTGCGATCTGACCAATTCGGAGTTGGGTGACTTAGATATTCGGAGCGTTGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAGTTGGACAACTACCAGGCATCGTTGCTCATGGAACGTCTTGGCATCGCGATTATTGGCTAG", "fmax": "645", "accession": "KM985471.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter freundii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "546", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKO62870.1", "sequence": "MALALVGEKIDRNRFTGEKIENSTFFNCDFSGADLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGCNFSRAMLKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNASALGIEIRHCRAQGADFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGAQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSTFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDIRSVDLQGVKLDNYQASLLMERLGIAIIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB78", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB78", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB78", "ARO_id": "39767", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5910": {"model_id": "5910", "ARO_accession": "3003189", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "400", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "QnrB77 is a fluoroquinolone resistance gene in Lahey's list of qnr genes.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8619": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGCTCTGGCACTCGTTGGCGAAAAAATTGACAGAAACCGTTTCACCGGTGAGAAAATTGAAAATAGTACATTTTTTAACTGTGATTTTTCAGGTGCCGACCTGAGCGGCACTGAATTTATCGGCTGTCAGTTCTATGATCGTGAAAGCCAGAAAGGGTGCAATTTTAGTCGTGCGATGCTGAAAGATGCCATTTTTAAAAGCTGTGATTTATCCATGGCGGATTTTCGCAATTCCAGTGCGCTGGGCATTGAAATTCGCCACTGCCGCGCACAAGGCACAGATTTCCGCGGCGCAAGCTTTATGAATATGATCACCACGCGCACCTGGTTTTGTAGCGCATATATCACGAATACCAATCTAAGCTACGCCAATTTTTCGAAAGTCGTGTTGGAAAAGTGTGAGCTGTGGGAAAACCGTTGGATGGGTGCCCAGGTACTGGGCGCGACGTTCAGTGGTTCAGATCTCTCCGGCGGCGAGTTTTCGACTTTCGACTGGCGAGCAGCGAACTTCACACATTGCGATCTGACCAATTCGGAGTTGGGTGACTTAGATATTCGGGGCGTTGATTTACAAGGCGTTAAGCTGGACAACTACCAGGCGTCGTTGCTCATGGAGCGGCTTGGCATCGCGGTGATTGGCTAG", "fmax": "645", "accession": "KM985470.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Citrobacter freundii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "546", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AKO62869.1", "sequence": "MALALVGEKIDRNRFTGEKIENSTFFNCDFSGADLSGTEFIGCQFYDRESQKGCNFSRAMLKDAIFKSCDLSMADFRNSSALGIEIRHCRAQGTDFRGASFMNMITTRTWFCSAYITNTNLSYANFSKVVLEKCELWENRWMGAQVLGATFSGSDLSGGEFSTFDWRAANFTHCDLTNSELGDLDIRGVDLQGVKLDNYQASLLMERLGIAVIG"}}}}, "model_name": "QnrB77", "ARO_category": {"37010": {"category_aro_name": "sparfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37010", "category_aro_accession": "3000666", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sparfloxacin is a dimethylpiperazinyl difluoroquinolone that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase. It is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some mycobacteria. It has moderate activity against some anaerobes."}, "37006": {"category_aro_name": "norfloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37006", "category_aro_accession": "3000662", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Norfloxacin is a 6-fluoro, 7-piperazinyl quinolone with a wide range of activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is inactive against most anaerobes."}, "36558": {"category_aro_name": "quinolone resistance protein (qnr)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36558", "category_aro_accession": "3000419", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Qnr proteins are pentapeptide repeat proteins that mimic DNA and protect the cell from the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics."}, "37003": {"category_aro_name": "gatifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37003", "category_aro_accession": "3000659", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxy, 7-piperazinyl, 6-fluoroquinolone that can be taken orally or by intravenous administration. It is active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but inactive against non-fermenting Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35999": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target protection", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35999", "category_aro_accession": "0001003", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Protection of antibiotic action target from antibiotic binding, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "37005": {"category_aro_name": "nalidixic acid", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37005", "category_aro_accession": "3000661", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Nalidixic acid is a quinolone derivative of naphthyridine active against many enterobacteria, but ineffective against Ps aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobes. Acquired resistance is common in nalidixic acid treatments."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "QnrB77", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "QnrB77", "ARO_id": "39766", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5872": {"model_id": "5872", "ARO_accession": "3007267", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8566": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTGATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAACTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGATATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCTGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTTGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCTTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGACAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGCTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGTTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAAAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT809044.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas jandaei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "650", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42604"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331894.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLNLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVDIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQKLDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.35", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.35", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.35", "ARO_id": "46013", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5873": {"model_id": "5873", "ARO_accession": "3007268", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8567": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTGATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAACTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGATATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGAAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTATAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAGCCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACTGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGACAATCTCGCCCGTAATAGCGAGGGCTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGTTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTACCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCATACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAAAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT791040.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas jandaei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "650", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42604"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331893.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLNLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVDIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMITKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQKLDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.34", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.34", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.34", "ARO_id": "46014", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5870": {"model_id": "5870", "ARO_accession": "3007265", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8564": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACAACTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "7198", "accession": "NQCB01000188.1", "fmin": "5572", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_094321595.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYNFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.24", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.24", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.24", "ARO_id": "46011", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5871": {"model_id": "5871", "ARO_accession": "3007266", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8565": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGAAAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "5516", "accession": "LC549806.1", "fmin": "4172", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "BCG06510.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDENRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.20", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.20", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.20", "ARO_id": "46012", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5876": {"model_id": "5876", "ARO_accession": "3007271", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8570": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTGTGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTATCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "75721", "accession": "CP075741.1", "fmin": "74095", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UUD58346.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFVLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.39", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.39", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.39", "ARO_id": "46017", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5877": {"model_id": "5877", "ARO_accession": "3007272", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8571": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTGTGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGTCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MK521074.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_136512112.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFVLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVVFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.29", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.29", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.29", "ARO_id": "46018", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5874": {"model_id": "5874", "ARO_accession": "3007269", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8568": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCGTTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTTTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGAGCTCAACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332763.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas caviae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "648", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36936"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273842.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAVSLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQELNSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.13", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.13", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.13", "ARO_id": "46015", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5875": {"model_id": "5875", "ARO_accession": "3007270", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8569": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTGTGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGAATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MH522717.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_150823496.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFVLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGELGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.28", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.28", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.28", "ARO_id": "46016", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5878": {"model_id": "5878", "ARO_accession": "3007273", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8572": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTGTGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "49116", "accession": "MH043626.1", "fmin": "47490", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AWM63467.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFVLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.19", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.19", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.19", "ARO_id": "46019", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5879": {"model_id": "5879", "ARO_accession": "3007274", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8605": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCCGTACTTTTCAGGATGAGGGTAATCCCCTTGGTTTTACTTCTGGCACTCGTTTTTGCATTCTTACTTAACTGGCCGGTGTTGCTGCATTTCTACGATATCCTGAGCCGTCTTGAACATGTGAGGGCGGGGTTCGTCATCTCCATTCCGTTTGTGCTGGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTGTTTATGCCCTTCTCGGTTCGCTACCTGCTCAAACCCTTCTTTGCCCTGTTGCTGGTCACCGGTTCGGTGGTGAGTTACGCCACACTGAAATATAAAGTGATGTTTGATCAGTCCATGATCGAAAATATACTGGAAACAAACCCACAGGAAGCGCATGCCTACCTGAATGGCTCACTGGTGCTGTGGCTGGTCTTCATGGGCATTCTTCCGGCTATCCTGTTGTTTTTGATTAAAATTGAATATGCAGACAAATGGTACAAAGGGGTTGCCCACCGGCTGCTTTCCATGCTCGCTTCGCTGATCCTGATTGCAGGTGTTGCCGCTCTGTATTACCAGGATTATGCTTCTGTCGGGCGCAATAACCCGACGCTGAACAAAGAAATTATCCCGGCAAACTATGCGTACAGCACTTTCCATTACGTGAAGGATACCTATTTTACGACGAAAATGCCTTTCCGGACGCTGGGGGATGATGCAAGGCGCGTTACCCGGAATGGTAAACCCACGCTGATGTTCCTGGTAATTGGCGAAACGGCACGGAGCCAGAATTTCTCCATGAACGGCTACCCGCGTGACACAAATGCCTTTACCAGCAAAATCGATGGCGTTATTTCGTTCAGGAATATGCGTTCCTGTGGCACGGCGACCGCAGTCTCGGTGCCCTGTATGTTCTCGGATATGAACCGGACGGATTACGATGGTAAAAAGGCTGCCGGCAGTGAAAATGTCCTCGACATCGTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCGCTGTTGTGGAAAGAAAACGATGGCGGGTGTAAAGGCGTATGCAGCCGTATCCCGACTGTCGAAATTAATCCCGGTATCAGTAAAAAACTGTGTGACGGTAAAACCTGCTATGACGATGTTATGCTGGAAAACCTGGATACCGAAATCGGCAAAATGGCCGGAGACAAGCTGATCGCCTTCCATATGATTGGCAGCCATGGACCGACCTATTACCAGCGTTATCCGGCAGTGCATCGTCACTTCATGCCGGAATGTGCGCGCAGCGATATCGAAAACTGCACGCAGGAACAGCTGGTTAATACCTACGACAATACCATTCGCCACACCGACTATGTGTTAGCGCAGATGATTGAAAAGCTTAAGCAATACAGCGAACAGTACAACACCGTACTGCTGTATGTGTCCGATCACGGCGAATCTCTGGGAGAGAGCGGACTGTATCTGCACGGTACCCCCTACAAACTGGCACCGGATCAGCAGACGCACATCCCGATGCAGCTCTGGATGTCGCCAGGCTTCATTGCTGCTAAAAATATTAACGCCGCGTGTCTGCAGCATAATGCCGTTAACAGGACATATTCCCACGATAACCTTTTCGCGTCCGTACTGGGGCTCTGGGACATCACCACCGGGGCCTATCTTCCGGAAAGCGACCTGTTCCGCGAATGTCGTGGATAG", "fmax": "1620", "accession": "OM638112.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter cloacae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "550", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36884"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_242934127.1", "sequence": "MPVLFRMRVIPLVLLLALVFAFLLNWPVLLHFYDILSRLEHVRAGFVISIPFVLVAALNFVFMPFSVRYLLKPFFALLLVTGSVVSYATLKYKVMFDQSMIENILETNPQEAHAYLNGSLVLWLVFMGILPAILLFLIKIEYADKWYKGVAHRLLSMLASLILIAGVAALYYQDYASVGRNNPTLNKEIIPANYAYSTFHYVKDTYFTTKMPFRTLGDDARRVTRNGKPTLMFLVIGETARSQNFSMNGYPRDTNAFTSKIDGVISFRNMRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSDMNRTDYDGKKAAGSENVLDIVQKTGVSLLWKENDGGCKGVCSRIPTVEINPGISKKLCDGKTCYDDVMLENLDTEIGKMAGDKLIAFHMIGSHGPTYYQRYPAVHRHFMPECARSDIENCTQEQLVNTYDNTIRHTDYVLAQMIEKLKQYSEQYNTVLLYVSDHGESLGESGLYLHGTPYKLAPDQQTHIPMQLWMSPGFIAAKNINAACLQHNAVNRTYSHDNLFASVLGLWDITTGAYLPESDLFRECRG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-10.5", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-10.5", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-10.5", "ARO_id": "46020", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5869": {"model_id": "5869", "ARO_accession": "3007264", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8563": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACACGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MT872722.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331897.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYTFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.40", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.40", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.40", "ARO_id": "46010", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5868": {"model_id": "5868", "ARO_accession": "3007263", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8562": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTTTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGAGCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCAAGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332768.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas caviae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "648", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36936"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273847.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQELDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPSSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.18", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.18", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.18", "ARO_id": "46009", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5865": {"model_id": "5865", "ARO_accession": "3007260", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8559": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATAATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTTTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGAGCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332766.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "642", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37047"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273845.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQELDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.16", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.16", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.16", "ARO_id": "46006", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5864": {"model_id": "5864", "ARO_accession": "3007259", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8558": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATGATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGTCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1683", "accession": "NQCT02000005.1", "fmin": "57", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "570", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37059"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_094308975.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDDRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVVFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.22", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.22", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.22", "ARO_id": "46005", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5867": {"model_id": "5867", "ARO_accession": "3007262", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8561": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATGATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MH423812.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AWY10763.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDDRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.21", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.21", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.21", "ARO_id": "46008", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5866": {"model_id": "5866", "ARO_accession": "3007261", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8560": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATGATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MH371139.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_140423331.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDDRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.26", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.26", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.26", "ARO_id": "46007", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5861": {"model_id": "5861", "ARO_accession": "3007256", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8555": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTAAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGTATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCCGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCGCGCTCGCAATAGCGAGGGCCTGCTAGATGTGTTGCAAAAAACGGGGATCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGAGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTACCTAACATCGAAATCGAACCAAAGGATCACCCTAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACCAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGATTTACCAAAGAGAAAGGCGTTGATATGGCGTGTTTGCAGCAGAAAGCCGCTGATACTCGTTACTCACACGATAATATTTTCTCATCTGTATTGGGTATCTGGGACGTCAAAACATCAGTTTACGAAAAGGGTCTAGATATTTTCAGTCAATGTCGTAATGTTCAATAA", "fmax": "4417", "accession": "NQCZ01000032.1", "fmin": "2791", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_094313523.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIKNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIVWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNRARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIEPKDHPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYQFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFTKEKGVDMACLQQKAADTRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTSVYEKGLDIFSQCRNVQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.23", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.23", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.23", "ARO_id": "46002", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5860": {"model_id": "5860", "ARO_accession": "3007255", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8554": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATATTTTTTTGGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGTAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAGTAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTGATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCCTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTGCCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGAAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTATAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTACATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGAAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCATTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGACAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGCTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGTTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTTCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACTCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGAATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT757846.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331890.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLIFFWALYFAFMLNWRVVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLVKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEKKWFKGIITRALSMFTSLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTIKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVSNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPNDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.31", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.31", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.31", "ARO_id": "46001", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5863": {"model_id": "5863", "ARO_accession": "3007258", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8557": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTCTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGTTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAGATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTTTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGAGCTCGACAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAGCGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATTGAAAACTGCACAGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGGAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCATGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCATTAGGGCTTTACCTACACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGTGTTCCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCACAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "2225", "accession": "PPTE01000085.1", "fmin": "602", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas veronii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "654", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39677"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_103252528.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQELDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIGEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGALGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFITEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.25", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.25", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.25", "ARO_id": "46004", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5862": {"model_id": "5862", "ARO_accession": "3007257", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8556": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTCCCTTATAAAAATAAAAATTGTTCCGCTTATGTTTTTTTTGGCACTGTATTTTGCATTTATGCTGAACTGGCGTGGAGTTCTCCATTTTTACGAAATCCTTTACAAATTAGAAGATTTTAAGTTTGGTTTCGCCATTTCATTACCAATATTGCTTGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTATTTGTTCCATTTTCGATACGGTATTTAATAAAGCCTTTTTTTGCACTTCTTATCGCACTTAGTGCAATCGTTAGTTACACAATGATGAAGTATAGAGTCTTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAATATTTTTGAAACCAATCAAAATGAGGCGTTAGCATATTTAAGCTTACCAATTATAGGATGGGTTACTATTGCTGGCTTTATCCCTGCCATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAATTGAATATGAGGAAAAATGGTTCAAAGGGATTCTAACTCGTGCCCTATCGATGTTTGCATCACTTATAGTGATTGCGGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAAGATTATGTGTCAGTGGGGCGCAACAATTCAAACCTCCAGCGTGAAATTGTTCCAGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATACGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTTCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGCGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAATCCATTTACCAGTAAATCTGGTGGCGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCGTGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGTTAGATGTGTTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTCTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGACCGAGTTCCTAACATCGAGATCAAACCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGCGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAGACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCTCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATAGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACCTACTACAAACGCTACCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGATTGTCCACGCAGTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTCACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACCGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCATTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCGTACAAGTTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACAGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MT809045.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas jandaei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "650", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "42604"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331895.1", "sequence": "MPSLIKIKIVPLMFFLALYFAFMLNWRGVLHFYEILYKLEDFKFGFAISLPILLVAALNFVFVPFSIRYLIKPFFALLIALSAIVSYTMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNQNEALAYLSLPIIGWVTIAGFIPAILLFFVEIEYEEKWFKGILTRALSMFASLIVIAVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIVPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSKSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGVSIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQDLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.36", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.36", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.36", "ARO_id": "46003", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5890": {"model_id": "5890", "ARO_accession": "3007285", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8584": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACATCACTCTTGGTATCGCTATTCTATCAATCCTTTTGTGCTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTATTTTTGGCAGCGACAGCGAACCTGACATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCATCTCAATGGCGGTGGCGGTGATGGGTGCTATGCTACTGATTGTCGTGCTGTTATCCTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTCCTGATTTTGCTACTGATTATGGGTGCGGTGACGAGCTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGACACCACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCATGCAAACCGACCAAGCCGAGTCTAAGGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGAATTATCGGGCTTGGCGTGTTGCCAAGTGTGTTGGTCGCAGTTGCCAAAGTCAATTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAGGTCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACATGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGTGCTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGACTATTTAGCAGTCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGGGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATCAACCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCGCCAACAGACACCATCTATCATGCCAAAGACGCCGTGCAGACCACCAAGCCGAGCGAGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCGCGTGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATGGCCGTGAGACTTTCCCGCAGCTTGCCAAAGTTGATGGCTTGGCGAATTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATTTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTAGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGTGTGGGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTACCTGCCACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCAACCAACAATACCATCTGTAACACCAATCCCTATAACGAATGCCGTGATGTCGGTATGCTTGTCGGGCTAGATGACTATGTCAGCGCCAATAATGGCAAAGATATGCTCATCATGCTACACCAAACGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTGCCAAATTCACCCCCGTGTGCGAAGGCAACGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACACCAATCACTCATCAATGCCTATGACAATGCGCTACTTGCGACTGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGCATCGATTGGCTAAAAACGCATGAAGCGAACTACGATGTCGCCATGCTCTATGTCAGTGACCACGGCGAGAGCTTGGGCGAAAATGGTGTCTATCTGCATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGAGCTGTGCCTGCGTTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACGACATTCAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGATACTGTGCTGACGCATGATGCGATTACGCCAACACTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCGGGCAAGGTCAAAGACCGCGCGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "1617", "accession": "MZ520325.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_219860731.1", "sequence": "MTSHHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVALFLAATANLTFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIISMAVAVMGAMLLIVVLLSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNAMQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSVLVAVAKVNYPTWGKGLIQRAMTWGVSLVLLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPTDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVQFNGYGRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVGILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSANNGKDMLIMLHQTGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPAFFWSNNTTFKPTASDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTAGKVKDRAAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.8", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.8", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.8", "ARO_id": "46031", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5891": {"model_id": "5891", "ARO_accession": "3007286", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8585": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACAGCACTCTTGGTATCGCTACTCCATCAATCCTTTTGTACTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTTTTTTTGGCAGCGACAGCGAACCTGACATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCGTCTCAATGGCGGTTGCGCTGATGGGTGCTATGCTATTGATTGTCGTGCTATTATCCTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTCCTGATTTTGCTACTGATTATGGGTGCGGTGACGAGCTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACCACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCATGCAAACCGACCAAGCCGAGTCTAAAGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGGATTATCGGGCTTGGTGTGTTGCCAAGTCTATTGGTCGCAGTTGCCAAAGTTAATTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAAGCCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACGTGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGTGCTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGACTATTTAGCAGTCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGGGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATCAATCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCGCCGACAGACACCATCTATCATGCCAAAGATGCCGTGCAGACCACCAAGCCTAGCGAGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCTCGTGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATGGCCGTGAGACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCTAAGGTCGATGGCTTGGCGAATTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTAGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGCGTGGGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTACCTGCCACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCAACCAACAACACCATCTGTAACACCAACCCTTATAATGAATGTCGTGATGTCGGTATGCTTGTTGGGCTAGATGACTATGTCAGCACCAATAATGGTAAAGATATGCTCATCATGCTACACCAAATGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTGCCAAATTCACCCCCGTGTGCGAAGGCAACGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAATCGCTCATCAATGCCTATGATAATGCGCTACTTGCCACCGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGTATCGATTGGCTAAAAACACATGAAGCAAACTACGATGTCGCCATGCTCTATGTCAGCGACCACGGCGAGAGTTTGGGCGAGAATGGCGTCTATTTGCATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGAGCCGTGCCTGCGTTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACGACATTCAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGACACTGTGCTGACGCATGATGCGATTACGCCAACACTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCGGGCAAGGTCAAAGACCGCACGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "1617", "accession": "MT757842.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331887.1", "sequence": "MTSQHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVAFFLAATANLTFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIVSMAVALMGAMLLIVVLLSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNAMQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSLLVAVAKVNYPTWGKSLIQRAMTWGVSLVLLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPTDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVQFNGYGRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVGILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSTNNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPAFFWSNNTTFKPTASDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTAGKVKDRTAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.5", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.5", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.5", "ARO_id": "46032", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5892": {"model_id": "5892", "ARO_accession": "3007287", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8586": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACAGCACTCTTGGTATCGCTACTCCATCAATCCTTTTGTACTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTTTTTTTGGCAGCGACAGCGAACCTGACATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCGTCTCAATGGCGGTTGCGCTGATGGGTGCTATGCTATTGATTGTCGTGCTATTATCCTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTCCTGATTTTGCTACTGATTATGGGTGCGGTGACGAGCTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACCACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCATGCAAACCGACCAAGCCGAGTCTAAAGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGGATTATCGGGCTTGGTGTGTTGCCAAGTGTGTTGGTCGCAGTTGCCAAAGTCAATTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAGGCCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACGTGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGTGCTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGACTATTTAGCAGTCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGGGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATTAACCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCGCCAACAGACACTATCTATCATGCCAAAGATGCCGTGCAGACCACCAAGCCGAGCGAGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCTCGTGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATGGCCGCGAGACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAAGTTGACGGCTTGGCGAACTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTTAGCTATCTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGCGTGGGCATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGTGTGATGGATAAGCTACCTGCCACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCGACCAACAACACCATCTGTAGCACCAACCCCTATAATGAATGTCGTGATGTCGGTATGCTTGTCGGGCTAGATGACTATGTCAGCGCCAATAATGGCAAAGATATGCTCATCATGCTACACCAAATGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTGCCAAATTCACCCCTGTGTGCGAAGGCAACGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAATCGCTCATCAATGCCTATGATAATGCGCTACTTGCCACCGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGTATCGATTGGCTAAAAACACATGAAGCGAACTACGATGTCGCCATGCTGTATGTCAGCGACCACGGCGAGAGCTTGGGTGAGAATGGCGTCTATCTGCATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGAGCCGTGCCTGCGTTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACATCGTTCAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGATACTGTGCTGACTCATGATGCGATTACGCCGACACTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCCGACAAGGTCAAAGACCGCACGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "1617", "accession": "MT757843.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331889.1", "sequence": "MTSQHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVAFFLAATANLTFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIVSMAVALMGAMLLIVVLLSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNAMQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSVLVAVAKVNYPTWGKGLIQRAMTWGVSLVLLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPTDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVQFNGYGRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVGILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICSTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPAFFWSNNTSFKPTASDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.7", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.7", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.7", "ARO_id": "46033", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5893": {"model_id": "5893", "ARO_accession": "3007288", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8587": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACAGCACTCTTGGTATCGCTACTCCATCAATCCCTTTGTACTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTATTTTTGGCAGCGACAGCGAACCTGGCATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCATCTCAATGGCGGTTGCACTGATGGGTGCTATGCTATTGATTGTCGTGCTGTTATCCTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGCTGATTTTGCTACTGATTATGGGTGCAGTGACGAGCTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGACACCACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCATGCAAACCGACCAAGCCGAGTCTAAGGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGGATTATCGGGCTTGGTGTGTTGCCAAGTGTGTTGGTCGCAGTTGCCAAAGTCAATTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAGGCCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACGTGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGCGCTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGGCTATTTAGCAGCCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGTGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATCAACCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGCAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCACCAACAGACACCATCTATCATGCCAAAGATGCCGTACAGACCACCAAGCCTAGCGAGCGTAAGCCCCGTCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCGCGTGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATGGCCGTGAGACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCTAAAGTTGATGGCTTGGCGAACTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACAGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTTAGCTATTTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTAGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGCGTGGGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGTGTGATGGATAAGCTACCTGCCACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCGACCAACAACACCATCTGTAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGTCGTGATGTTGGTATGCTTGTCGGGCTAGATGACTATGTCAGCGCCAATAATGGCAAAGATATGCTCATCATGCTACACCAAATGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTGCCAAATTCACCCCTGTGTGCGAAGGCAACGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAATCGCTCATCAATGCCTATGATAATGCGCTACTTGCCACCGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGTATCGATTGGCTAAAAACACATGAAGCGAACTATGATGTCGCCATGCTCTATGTCAGCGACCACGGCGAGAGCTTGGGTGAGAATGGCGTCTATTTGCACGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCGCCAAAAGAACAGCGAGCCGTACCTGCATTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACGACATTTAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGATACTGCATTGACCCATGATGCGATTACGCCGACACTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCCGACAAGGTCAAAGACCGCACGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "1617", "accession": "MT757844.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331888.1", "sequence": "MTSQHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVALFLAATANLAFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIISMAVALMGAMLLIVVLLSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNAMQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSVLVAVAKVNYPTWGKGLIQRAMTWGVSLALLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPTDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVQFNGYGRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVGILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPAFFWSNNTTFKPTASDTALTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.6", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.6", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.6", "ARO_id": "46034", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5894": {"model_id": "5894", "ARO_accession": "3007289", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8588": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGTGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCGGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MF084991.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_213994615.1", "sequence": "MVQHTSVWYRRSVGPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.32", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.32", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.32", "ARO_id": "46035", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5895": {"model_id": "5895", "ARO_accession": "3003208", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "150", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "fosXCC is a fosfomycin resistance gene that modifies MurA isolated from Campylobacter species. It is highly resistant to fosfomycin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8589": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "TTGGGGGTGGGAAAGTTGATATATGGAATTAGTCATATTACTTTTATTGTCAAAGACCTAGATAAAGCCACAAAATTTTTTAAAGAAATTTTTGAAGCCAAAGAAATTTATTCAAGCGAAGACAAAAAGTTTTCTATATCCAAAGAAAAATTTTTCTTGATAAACGACCTTTGGATTGCAGTTATGGAAGGAGAGGAAATGGAAAAAAGCTATAATCATATAGCATTTAAAATAGATGAATCGGATTATGAAATGTACCTTAAGAGAATAGAAAACCTTGGTTTAGAGATAAAAGCTGGGAGAAAAAGGGTTATAGGAGAGGGGAATTCAATATATTTTTATGACTATGATAATCATCTTTTCGAACTCCACACTGGAACATTGGAAACAAGACTTCTTCGCTACCAAAAAGAACCAACAGATTAA", "fmax": "5134", "accession": "KC876749.1", "fmin": "4708", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Campylobacter coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "195", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36835"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AIF29598.1", "sequence": "MGVGKLIYGISHITFIVKDLDKATKFFKEIFEAKEIYSSEDKKFSISKEKFFLINDLWIAVMEGEEMEKSYNHIAFKIDESDYEMYLKRIENLGLEIKAGRKRVIGEGNSIYFYDYDNHLFELHTGTLETRLLRYQKEPTD"}}}}, "model_name": "FosXCC", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosXCC", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosXCC", "ARO_id": "39792", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5896": {"model_id": "5896", "ARO_accession": "3007368", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "175", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "FosG is a glutathione transferase that confers resistance to fosfomycin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8590": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGCTCCGAGGATTGAACCACATCACCATCGCTGTAAGCGATTTAGGCCGTTCTCTCGCCTTTTATACTGATATCGTCGGTATGCTCGCTCACGTACGCTGGGATAACGGTGCTTACCTTAGTCTAGGCGGTGTTTGGTTTTGTCTTTCCTGTGACAAGGTGATGCCAAGTAAGGATTATTCTCATATTGCCTTAGATATTTCAGAAGATGACTTTGCATCATTTTTGGAGAAACTGAGGAGAGCCGATGTCACTGAGTGGAAACAAAATTCAAGTGAAGGCTATTCGGTGTATTTCTTAGATCCTGATGGAAATAAACTAGAAGCGCATAGCGGCTCGTTACAATCTCGTTTAAGTTCTTTAAAAGACAAACCTTATCCGGGCTTAGTATGGCTTTAA", "fmax": "103210", "accession": "RWWU01000174.1", "fmin": "102811", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "RTB44598.1", "sequence": "MLRGLNHITIAVSDLGRSLAFYTDIVGMLAHVRWDNGAYLSLGGVWFCLSCDKVMPSKDYSHIALDISEDDFASFLEKLRRADVTEWKQNSSEGYSVYFLDPDGNKLEAHSGSLQSRLSSLKDKPYPGLVWL"}}}}, "model_name": "FosG", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosG", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosG", "ARO_id": "46115", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5897": {"model_id": "5897", "ARO_accession": "3007369", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "100", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "FosH is a hydrolase that confers resistance to fosfomycin.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8591": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGGAATTCTTGGCATTAGTCATCTGACATTCGTGGTCCGCGATGTAGAGCGCACTGCGAGACTGGTCTGCGAAGGACTTGGGGCGGAAGAGGTATACGACAGCAAAGCCAAAAACTTTTCGCTGTCACGAGAGAAGTTTTTTCTCTTGGGCGGCGTATGGCTTGCTTTCATGGAAGGAGTGCCATCGGAGCGGTCCTATCGGCACGTCGCTTTTGAAGTGACCGAAGAGGAAATTGCAAGATATGAGGCTAGCCTTAGAAACCTCGGTGTGGAAGTCAGAGAGCCGCGGCCAAGAGTGGCTGGAGAGGGGCTGTCACTGTATTTCTACGACTATGACAACAACTTATTCGAGCTACATGCGGGAACACTGGCGCAACGACTTGAAAGGTATACGCAATGA", "fmax": "1372", "accession": "GU966683.1", "fmin": "970", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ADF48907.1", "sequence": "MGILGISHLTFVVRDVERTARLVCEGLGAEEVYDSKAKNFSLSREKFFLLGGVWLAFMEGVPSERSYRHVAFEVTEEEIARYEASLRNLGVEVREPRPRVAGEGLSLYFYDYDNNLFELHAGTLAQRLERYTQ"}}}}, "model_name": "FosH", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosH", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosH", "ARO_id": "46116", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5898": {"model_id": "5898", "ARO_accession": "3007370", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "100", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "FosI is a fosfomycin resistance gene.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8592": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAGGCATCAGCCACATCACATTCATCGTCCGCGACCTGAATCGTATGGCCGCACTTCTCTGTGAGGGACTGGGTGCGCGTGAGGTGTATGACAGCTCAAACCAGAACTTCTCGTTGTCCCGCGAAAAGTTCTTTGTGCTTGGTAGTACGTGGCTAGCTGCAATGGAAGGTGAACCGCCCGCCGAGCGTTCATATCAGCATGTTGCCTTTGCGGTGAGTGAGACGGACTTGCCTGCGTATCAAGCCAGACTTGAGGCACTCGGCGTTGAGATTCGGCCACCGCGTAGCCGTGTTGACGGTGAGGGTCTCTCCCTGTACTTCTACGACTTTGACAATCATTTATTTGAACTTCATTCAGGTACTTTAGAGCAGCGCCTTGTCCGGTATCAGGCGGGGCGCTAA", "fmax": "17412", "accession": "CP003505.2", "fmin": "17007", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. bolletii F1725", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1168066", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46118"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AFJ38137.1", "sequence": "MKGISHITFIVRDLNRMAALLCEGLGAREVYDSSNQNFSLSREKFFVLGSTWLAAMEGEPPAERSYQHVAFAVSETDLPAYQARLEALGVEIRPPRSRVDGEGLSLYFYDFDNHLFELHSGTLEQRLVRYQAGR"}}}}, "model_name": "FosI", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosI", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosI", "ARO_id": "46117", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5899": {"model_id": "5899", "ARO_accession": "3007371", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "100", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "FosA8 is a plasmid-located fosfomycin resistance gene.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8593": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCTTAACGCCCTTAACCATCTGACCCTTGCTGTCAGCAACTTGCCTGCCAGCATCACTTTCTGGCGCGATCTTCTTGGCCTGCGCCTGCACGCCGAATGGCACACCGGAGCTTACCTTACCTGTGGCGATCTCTGGCTCTGCCTGTCTTATGACGAGACGCGGACATTCATCCCACCACAGAACAGCGATTACACCCACTACGCCTTTTCTGTTGAACCGGAACACTTTGACGCCGTCGCGCAAAAGCTCAAAGACGCTGGCGTAACGGTCTGGAAAGAGAACAAAAGCGAAGGGGCGTCGTTCTATTTTCTCGACCCGGACGGGCACAAACTGGAACTGCATGTGGGCGATCTGGCCGCGCGTCTGGCGGCGTGTCGGGAGAAGCCTTACGCGGGAATGGTTTTTACGTCAGATGAAGCGTAA", "fmax": "426", "accession": "MN150127.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QEI22965.1", "sequence": "MLNALNHLTLAVSNLPASITFWRDLLGLRLHAEWHTGAYLTCGDLWLCLSYDETRTFIPPQNSDYTHYAFSVEPEHFDAVAQKLKDAGVTVWKENKSEGASFYFLDPDGHKLELHVGDLAARLAACREKPYAGMVFTSDEA"}}}}, "model_name": "FosA8", "ARO_category": {"35944": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35944", "category_aro_accession": "0000025", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Fosfomycin (also known as phosphomycin and phosphonomycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is effective on gram positive and negative bacteria as it targets the cell wall, an essential feature shared by both bacteria. Its specific target is MurA (MurZ in E.coli), which attaches phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a step of commitment to cell wall synthesis. In the active site of MurA, the active cysteine molecule is alkylated which stops the catalytic reaction."}, "36272": {"category_aro_name": "fosfomycin thiol transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36272", "category_aro_accession": "3000133", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Catalyzes the addition of a thiol group from a nucleophilic molecule to fosfomycin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "45731": {"category_aro_name": "phosphonic acid antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "45731", "category_aro_accession": "3007149", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "A group of antibiotics derived from phosphonic acids."}}, "ARO_name": "FosA8", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "FosA8", "ARO_id": "46119", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5918": {"model_id": "5918", "ARO_accession": "3004047", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "kdpD is a component of the two-component regulatory system, kdpDE. This system is involved in potassium transport and homeostasis, and has been implicated in virulence factor regulation along with kdpE.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8633": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCAAACACTGAATCGCTAAACATAGGAAAAAAGCGTGGATCTTTAACAATTTACATCGGTTACAGTCCAGGTGTTGGTAAAACATTTGAGATGCTTTCAAATGCCATTGAACTATTTCAAAGTAACATTGATATTAAAATAGGATATATTGAACCGCATCAACGTGATGAAACAAATGCATTAGCTGAACAATTACCTAAAATCGCAACCAATTTTACTAAACATGGTAGTCATCATTTTCAATATTTAGATGTCGACCGCATAATCAAAGAATCGCCGACAATAGTACTTATCGATGAGTTAGCACATACGAACATTTCTAGAGATCGTCATGAGAAACGATATATGGATATTGAAGAAATTTTAAATCATGGTATCGATGTTCATACTACTTTGAACATTCAACATATCGAAAGTTTAAGTAGTCAAATTGAACTGATGACCGGTGTACATGTTAAAGAACGTGTACCCGACTATTTCATAATGAGCGCCGATGTATTAGAAGTCGTAGATATCTCACCTGAACAATTAATTAAGCGCTTAAAAGCTGGCAAGGTATATAAAAAGGATAGGCTAGATGTAGCATTTAGTAATTTCTTTACGTATACCCACCTAAGCGAACTGCGTACATTGACGTTAAGAACAGTTGCCGACTTGATGAGTGATAAAGAAAAAGTCCGACACAATCATAAAACGTCACTCAAACCTCATATTGCTGTGGCAATTAGTGGGAGCATTTATAATGAAGCAGTAATTAAAGAGGCATTCCATATTGCTCAAAAAGAACATGCAAAATTCACTGCTATTTATATAGATGTATTCGAAAAGAACAGGCAATATAAAGATAGTCAAAAGCAAGTGCATCAACATCTCATGCTTGCAAAATCTTTAGGAGCAAAAGTGAAAGTAGTTTATAGCCAAACCGTTGCATTAGGATTAGACGAATGGTGTAAAAATCAAGATGTAACCAAATTAATTATCGGACAACATATTAGAAATAAGTGGCGAGACTTTTTCAATACACCTTTAATTGACCATTTAATGTCCTTTGAACATAGCTATAAAATCGAAATCGTTCCAATCAAACAAATACCTGTTGAATTGAAAATGAACAAATCACCCTATCGTCCTAAAGGCAAACGTTTCGCCATAGATATGTTAAAAATGATTTTGATTCAAATAATTTGTGTAATGATGGGACTGTGGATTTATCAACTTGATAAGCATGAGTCTAGTACGATTATTTTAATGATTTTTCTCATCGGCATCATTTTATTATCCATTTGGACGCGGTCCTACATCATTGGCTTTTTAGCAGCAATTATTAACGTATTTGTTTTTAATTATTTTTTTACGGAACCTAGATATACATTTGAAGTATACCGCTTTGACTATCCTATTACATTTATCGTTAGCATTTTAACAAGTATTTTAACGAGTGCTTTATTAAAACAAATTAAATTCCAATACTCCATTACTAAAAAGCAACTTTATCGTACAGATTTATTATTTCAATTTAATGATTCGATTAAACAAACTTATACAGTTGAAAACTTACTAATAAATGCTGGATACCAAATTAATCAATTATTGCAACAATCAATTACTGTATACGTTATCAATCAATCGAAAGTAATTAAAACAATACCATTGCAAAACCATATCGATAATACGACTCAACAGCATGAACAAGCATTAAGCTGGGTAATTAAAAATGAAAGACAAGCTGGTGCAACAACAGATACATTTCCAGGCATTAATAAATGGTTGATACCAATTGGCACATCTCCGATTAAAGGCATTCTAGCCATTGATTACCAAAGTTCTCAAGTGATTAATCCATATGATGCATCAATATTAGAATCAATGTTAAATGAACTTTCTCTCGCCGTTGAAAATGTGTCGTTACTTAAACAAACGAGAGAATCCATGTTACAGGCTGAACGTCAACTGACACATTCAAATTTTTTAAGATCAATTTCGCATGACATACGTACACCGTTAACAACAATTATGGGAAATTTAGATATTTTAGTATCACATAGTAAAGATATGTCTATCATAGAAAAAGAACAATTACTTGTGCATAGTTTTCAAGAAAGTCAGTATTTATATCTATTAGTGACAAATATTTTATCATTAACAAAATTACAGTCATCAAATGTTCAGATAAAATTGCAACCTTATCTCGTTAGTGAATTAGTAGAAGAAATCGATATGATTCTAGAACGTCGCCATTTAAAAAAGCGTATAACTGTATCATCCTCAGTAGATTTACAGTTTATACACATTGACAGTAAGTTGATTTTACAAGCTTTATTCAATTTGATTGAAAATGCAGTTAAACACACTTCTACTGACACCAAAATCAATTTATCTATTCGTTATGCTAGCGATGAACAAATCGAATTTGCCGTTATAGACGAAGGACCTGGAATTAGTTTAGAAGAACAACAAAAGATATTCGAGCCTTTTTACACAGGATCAAATAAATATTTTAAAGATAACCAAAAAGAAAGCATGGGACTAGGCTTATATTTAGTACAGACTATCCTACACAAACATCAATCAAACTTACAATATAAACCGAACCAACCACACGGCAGTATATTCTATTTCAATATAGATACAGACTTTAATGAAGGAGACATATAA", "fmax": "56636", "accession": "FHDU01000010.1", "fmin": "53978", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CYF42523.1", "sequence": "MSNTESLNIGKKRGSLTIYIGYSPGVGKTFEMLSNAIELFQSNIDIKIGYIEPHQRDETNALAEQLPKIATNFTKHGSHHFQYLDVDRIIKESPTIVLIDELAHTNISRDRHEKRYMDIEEILNHGIDVHTTLNIQHIESLSSQIELMTGVHVKERVPDYFIMSADVLEVVDISPEQLIKRLKAGKVYKKDRLDVAFSNFFTYTHLSELRTLTLRTVADLMSDKEKVRHNHKTSLKPHIAVAISGSIYNEAVIKEAFHIAQKEHAKFTAIYIDVFEKNRQYKDSQKQVHQHLMLAKSLGAKVKVVYSQTVALGLDEWCKNQDVTKLIIGQHIRNKWRDFFNTPLIDHLMSFEHSYKIEIVPIKQIPVELKMNKSPYRPKGKRFAIDMLKMILIQIICVMMGLWIYQLDKHESSTIILMIFLIGIILLSIWTRSYIIGFLAAIINVFVFNYFFTEPRYTFEVYRFDYPITFIVSILTSILTSALLKQIKFQYSITKKQLYRTDLLFQFNDSIKQTYTVENLLINAGYQINQLLQQSITVYVINQSKVIKTIPLQNHIDNTTQQHEQALSWVIKNERQAGATTDTFPGINKWLIPIGTSPIKGILAIDYQSSQVINPYDASILESMLNELSLAVENVSLLKQTRESMLQAERQLTHSNFLRSISHDIRTPLTTIMGNLDILVSHSKDMSIIEKEQLLVHSFQESQYLYLLVTNILSLTKLQSSNVQIKLQPYLVSELVEEIDMILERRHLKKRITVSSSVDLQFIHIDSKLILQALFNLIENAVKHTSTDTKINLSIRYASDEQIEFAVIDEGPGISLEEQQKIFEPFYTGSNKYFKDNQKESMGLGLYLVQTILHKHQSNLQYKPNQPHGSIFYFNIDTDFNEGDI"}}}}, "model_name": "kdpD", "ARO_category": {"35966": {"category_aro_name": "kanamycin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35966", "category_aro_accession": "0000049", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "41098": {"category_aro_name": "kdpDE", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41098", "category_aro_accession": "3004046", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "kdpDE is a two-component regulatory system in Escherichia coli, well studied for its role in potassium transport and homeostasis. kdpE is also implicated in virulence loci regulation and overexpression of kdpE is shown to confer resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "36590": {"category_aro_name": "protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36590", "category_aro_accession": "3000451", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Regulator", "category_aro_description": "Protein(s) and two component regulatory systems that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux."}, "36001": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36001", "category_aro_accession": "0010000", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell."}}, "ARO_name": "kdpD", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "kdpD", "ARO_id": "41099", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5883": {"model_id": "5883", "ARO_accession": "3007278", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-3-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8577": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCTTACATTTTGAAAATTAAAATTGTGCCATTTATTTTTTTGTTGGCCTTTTATTTCGCGTTCATGTTGAACTGGCCTGGTGTACTCCATTTCTATGATATCATCTATAAGTTGGAGGGTTTCAAACTTGGGTTTGCAATTTCTCTTCCAATTTTATTAGTTGCGGCATTGAACCTTGTTTTTATCCCATTTTCAGTTCGATATTTAGTTAAACCCTTTTTCGCTCTTCTAATCTTGCTGAGTACTATCGTAAGCTACGCCATGATGAAGTATCGGGTTCTGTTTGATCAAAACATGATTCAGAACATTTTTGAAACCAATCGCAATGAGGCGTTTGCATATTTAAACTTTCCAATCCTGGGTTGGGTTACTATTGTGGGGTTTATTCCTGCTATTTTACTTTTCTTTGTTGAAGTTGAATATGAGGATAAATGGCTTAACGGGGTTATAACTCGTTCCCTATCGATGCTTGCATCCATTATAGTGATTACTGTTATTGCAGCACTATACTATCAGGACTATGTTTCTGTAGGACGCAATAACTCAAATCTCCAGCGTGAAATTATTCCGGCCAATTTCGTTAATAGTACCGTTAAATATGTTTACAATCGTTATCTTGCTGAACCAATCCCATTTACAACTTTAGGTGATGATGCAAAACGGGATACTAATCAAAGTAAGCCCACGTTGATGTTCCTGGTCGTTGGTGAAACCGCTCGTGGTAAAAATTTCTCGATGAATGGCTATGAGAAAGACACCAACCCATTTACCAGTAACTCTGGTGGTGTGATCTCCTTTAATGATGTTCGTTCATGTGGGACTGCAACCGCTGTATCTGTCCCCTGCATGTTCTCCAATATGGGGAGAAAGGAGTTTGATGATAATCTCGCTCGTAATAGCGAGGGTTTGCTAGATGTATTGCAAAAAACGGGGATTTCCATTTTTTGGAAGGAGAACGATGGCGGCTGCAAAGGCGTCTGCGATCGAGTTCCTAACATAGAGATCAAGCCGAAGGATTACCCAAAGTTCTGTGATAAAAACACATGCTATGACGAGGTTGTCCTTCAAAACCTCGATAGTGAAATTGCCCAAATGAAAGGGGATAAGCTGGTTGGCTTCCACCTGATTGGTAGCCATGGCCCAACTTACTACAAGCGATATCCTGATGCTCATCGTCAGTTCACCCCTGACTGTCCACGCAGTGATATCGAAAACTGCACGGATGAAGAGCTTACCAACACCTATGACAACACCATCCGCTACACGGATTTCGTGATTGCAGAGATGATTGCCAAGTTGAAAACCTACGAAGATAAGTACAACACCGCGTTGCTCTACGTCTCCGATCACGGTGAATCACTGGGAGCTATGGGGCTTTACCTGCACGGTACACCATACAAATTTGCACCGGATGATCAGACCCGCGTACCTATGCAGGTGTGGATGTCACCTGGTTTCATCAAAGAAAAAGGCATGAATATGGAATGTTTGCAGAAAAATGCCGCAGCCAATCGCTATTCTCATGACAACATATTTTCTTCTGTCCTGGGAATATGGGATGTGAAGACGGCTATCTACGAACAAGAATTAGATATCTTTAAGCAATGTCGGAATAATTGA", "fmax": "1623", "accession": "MH332767.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Aeromonas", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "642", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "37047"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_111273846.1", "sequence": "MPYILKIKIVPFIFLLAFYFAFMLNWPGVLHFYDIIYKLEGFKLGFAISLPILLVAALNLVFIPFSVRYLVKPFFALLILLSTIVSYAMMKYRVLFDQNMIQNIFETNRNEAFAYLNFPILGWVTIVGFIPAILLFFVEVEYEDKWLNGVITRSLSMLASIIVITVIAALYYQDYVSVGRNNSNLQREIIPANFVNSTVKYVYNRYLAEPIPFTTLGDDAKRDTNQSKPTLMFLVVGETARGKNFSMNGYEKDTNPFTSNSGGVISFNDVRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSNMGRKEFDDNLARNSEGLLDVLQKTGISIFWKENDGGCKGVCDRVPNIEIKPKDYPKFCDKNTCYDEVVLQNLDSEIAQMKGDKLVGFHLIGSHGPTYYKRYPDAHRQFTPDCPRSDIENCTDEELTNTYDNTIRYTDFVIAEMIAKLKTYEDKYNTALLYVSDHGESLGAMGLYLHGTPYKFAPDDQTRVPMQVWMSPGFIKEKGMNMECLQKNAAANRYSHDNIFSSVLGIWDVKTAIYEQELDIFKQCRNN"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-3.17", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-3.17", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-3.17", "ARO_id": "46024", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5882": {"model_id": "5882", "ARO_accession": "3007277", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8612": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCCGTACTTTTCAGGATGAGGGTAATCCCCCTGGTTTTACTTCTGGCACTCGTTTTTGCATTCTTACTTAACTGGCCGGTGTTGCTGCATTTCTACGATATCCTGAGCCGTCTTGAACATGTGAGGGCGGGGTTCGTCATCTCCATTCCGTTTGTGCTGGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTGTTTATGCCCTTCTCGGTTCGCTACCTGCTTAAACCCTTCTTTGCCCTGTTGCTGGTCACCGGTTCGGTGGTGAGTTACGCCACACTGAAATATAAAGTGATGTTTGATCAGTCCATGATCGAAAATATACTGGAAACAAACCCACAGGAAGCGCATTCCTACCTGAATGGCTCACTGGTGCTGTGGCTGGTCTTTATGGGCATTCTTCCGGCTATCCTGTTGTTTTTGATTAAAATTGAATATACAGACAAATGGTACAAAGGGGTTGCCCACCGGCTGCTTTCCATGCTCGCTTCGCTGATCCTGATTGCAGGTGTTGCCGCTCTGTATTACCAGGATTATGCTTCTGTCGGGCGCAATAACCCGACGCTGAACAAAGAAATTATCCCGGCAAACTATGCGTACAGCACTTTCCATTACGTGAAGGATACCTATTTTACGACGAAAATGCCTTTCCGGACGCTGGGGGATGATGCAAGGCGCGTTACCCGGAATGGTAAACCCACGCTGATGTTCCTGGTAATTGGCGAAACGGCACGGAGCCAGAATTTCTCCATGAACGGCTACCCGCGTGACACAAATGCCTTTACCAGCAAAATCGATGGCGTTATTTCGTTCAGGAATATGCGTTCCTGCGGCACGGCGACCGCAGTCTCGGTGCCCTGTATGTTCTCGGATATGAACCGGACGGATTACGATGGTAAAAAGGCTGCCGGCAGTGAAAATGTCCTCGACATTGTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCGCTGTTGTGGAAAGAAAACGATGGCGGGTGTAAAGGCGTATGCAGCCGTATCCCGACTGTCGAAATTAATCCCGGTATCAGTAAAAAACTGTGTGACGGTAAAACCTGCTATGACGATGTTATGCTGGAAAACCTGGATACCGAAATCGGCAAAATGGCCGGAGACAAGCTGATCGCCTTCCATATGATTGGCAGCCATGGACCGACCTATTACCAGCGTTATCCGGCAGAGCATCGTCACTTCATGCCGGAATGTGCGCGCAGCGATATCGAAAACTGCACGCAGGAACAGCTGGTTAATACCTACGACAATACCATTCGCCACACCGACTATGTGTTAGCGCAGATGATTGAAAAGCTTAAGCAATACAGCGAACAGTACAACACCGTACTGCTGTATGTGTCCGATCACGGCGAATCTCTGGGAGAGAGCGGACTGTATCTGCACGGTACCCCCTACAAACTGGCACCGGATCAGCAGACGCACATCCCGATGCAGCTCTGGATGTCGCCAGACTTCATTGCTGCTAAAAATATTAACGCCGCGTGTCTGCAGCATAATGCCGTTAACAGGACATATTCCCACGATAACCTTTTCGCGTCCGTACTGGGGCTCTGGGACATCACCACCGGGGCCTATCTTCCGGAAAGCGACCTGTTCCGCGAATGTCGTGGATAG", "fmax": "26507", "accession": "JAGFWW010000009.1", "fmin": "24887", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter kobei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208224", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39773"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "MBO4154571.1", "sequence": "MPVLFRMRVIPLVLLLALVFAFLLNWPVLLHFYDILSRLEHVRAGFVISIPFVLVAALNFVFMPFSVRYLLKPFFALLLVTGSVVSYATLKYKVMFDQSMIENILETNPQEAHSYLNGSLVLWLVFMGILPAILLFLIKIEYTDKWYKGVAHRLLSMLASLILIAGVAALYYQDYASVGRNNPTLNKEIIPANYAYSTFHYVKDTYFTTKMPFRTLGDDARRVTRNGKPTLMFLVIGETARSQNFSMNGYPRDTNAFTSKIDGVISFRNMRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSDMNRTDYDGKKAAGSENVLDIVQKTGVSLLWKENDGGCKGVCSRIPTVEINPGISKKLCDGKTCYDDVMLENLDTEIGKMAGDKLIAFHMIGSHGPTYYQRYPAEHRHFMPECARSDIENCTQEQLVNTYDNTIRHTDYVLAQMIEKLKQYSEQYNTVLLYVSDHGESLGESGLYLHGTPYKLAPDQQTHIPMQLWMSPDFIAAKNINAACLQHNAVNRTYSHDNLFASVLGLWDITTGAYLPESDLFRECRG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-10.2", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-10.2", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-10.2", "ARO_id": "46023", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5881": {"model_id": "5881", "ARO_accession": "3007276", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8609": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCCGTACTTTTCAGGATGAGGGTAATCCCCTTGGTTTTACTTCTGGCACTCGTTTTTGCATTCTTACTTAACTGGCCGGTGTTGCTGCATTTCTACGATATCCTGAGCCGTCTTGAACATGTGAGGGCGGGGTTCGTCATCTCCATTCCGTTTGTGCTGGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTGTTTATGCCCTTCTCGGTTCGCTACCTGCTCAAACCCTTCTTTGCCCTGTTGCTGGTCACCGGTTCGGTGGTGAGTTACGCCACACTGAAATATAAAGTGATGTTTGATCAGTCCATGATCGAAAATATACTGGAAACAAACCCACAGGAAGCGCATTCCTACCTGAATGGCTCACTGGTGCTGTGGCTGGTCTTCATGGGCATTCTTCCGGCTATCCTGTTGTTTTTGATTAAAATTGAATATGCAGACAAATGGTACAAAGGGGTTGCCCACCGGCTGCTTTCCATGCTCGCTTCGCTGATCCTGATTGCAGGTGTTGCCGCTCTGTATTACCAGGATTATGCTTCTGTCGGGCGCAATAACCCGACGCTGAACAAAGAAATTATCCCGGCAAACTATGCGTACAGCACTTTCCATTACGTGAAGGATACCTATTTTACGACGAAAATGCCTTTCCGGACGCTGGGGGATGATGCAAGGCGCGTTACCCGGAATGGTAAACCCACGCTGATGTTCCTGGTAATTGGCGAAACGGCACGGAGCCAGAATTTCTCCATGAACGGCTACCCGCGTGACACAAATGCCTTTACCAGCAAAATCGATGGCGTTATTTCGTTCAGGAATATGCGTTCCTGTGGCACGGCGACCGCAGTCTCGGTGCCCTGTATGTTCTCGGATATGAACCGGACGGATTACGATGGTAAAAAGGCTGCCGGCAGTGAAAATGTCCTCGACATCGTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCGCTGTTGTGGAAAGAAAACGATGGCGGGTGTAAAGGCGTATGCAGCCGTATCCCGACTGTCGAAATTAATCCCGGTATCAGTAAAAAACTGTGTGACGGTAAAACCTGCTATGACGATGTTATGCTGGAAAACCTGGATACCGAAATCGGCAAAATGGCCGGAGACAAGCTGATCGCCTTCCATATGATTGGCAGCCATGGACCGACCTATTACCAGCGTTATCCGGCAGAGCATCGTCACTTCATGCCGGAATGTGCGCGCAGCGATATCGAAAACTGCACGCAGGAACAGCTGGTTAATACCTACGACAATACCATTCGCCACACCGACTATGTGTTAGCGCAGATGATTGAAAAGCTTAAGCAATACAGCGAACAGTACAACACCGTACTGCTGTATGTGTCCGATCACGGCGAATCTCTGGGAGAGAGCGGACTGTATCTGCACGGTACCCCCTACAAACTGGCACCGGATCAGCAGACGCACATCCCGATGCAGCTCTGGATGTCGCCAGGCTTCATTGCTGCTAAAAATATTAACGCCGCGTGTCTGCAGCATAATGCCGTTAACAGGACATATTCCCACGATAACCTTTTCGCGTCCGTACTGGGGCTCTGGGACATCACCACCGGGGCCTATCTTCCGGAAAGCGACCTGTTCCGCGAATGTCGTGGATAG", "fmax": "8016", "accession": "JAGFWU010000059.1", "fmin": "6396", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter ludwigii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "299767", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45936"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "MBO4150342.1", "sequence": "MPVLFRMRVIPLVLLLALVFAFLLNWPVLLHFYDILSRLEHVRAGFVISIPFVLVAALNFVFMPFSVRYLLKPFFALLLVTGSVVSYATLKYKVMFDQSMIENILETNPQEAHSYLNGSLVLWLVFMGILPAILLFLIKIEYADKWYKGVAHRLLSMLASLILIAGVAALYYQDYASVGRNNPTLNKEIIPANYAYSTFHYVKDTYFTTKMPFRTLGDDARRVTRNGKPTLMFLVIGETARSQNFSMNGYPRDTNAFTSKIDGVISFRNMRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSDMNRTDYDGKKAAGSENVLDIVQKTGVSLLWKENDGGCKGVCSRIPTVEINPGISKKLCDGKTCYDDVMLENLDTEIGKMAGDKLIAFHMIGSHGPTYYQRYPAEHRHFMPECARSDIENCTQEQLVNTYDNTIRHTDYVLAQMIEKLKQYSEQYNTVLLYVSDHGESLGESGLYLHGTPYKLAPDQQTHIPMQLWMSPGFIAAKNINAACLQHNAVNRTYSHDNLFASVLGLWDITTGAYLPESDLFRECRG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-10.4", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-10.4", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-10.4", "ARO_id": "46022", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5880": {"model_id": "5880", "ARO_accession": "3007275", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-10-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8610": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCCGTACTTTTCAGGATGAGGGTAATCCCCTTGGTTTTACTTCTGGCACTCGTTTTTGCATTCTTACTTAACTGGCCGGTGTTGCTGCATTTCTACGATATCCTGAGCCGTCTTGAACATGTGAGGGCGGGGTTCGTCATCTCCATTCCGTTTGTGCTGGTTGCAGCGCTTAACTTTGTGTTTATGCCCTTCTCGGTTCGCTACCTGCTCAAACCCTTCTTTGCCCTGTTGCTGGTCACCGGTTCGGTGGTGAGTTACGCCACACTGAAATATAAAGTGATGTTTGATCAGTCCATGATCGAAAATATACTGGAAACAAACCCACAGGAAGCGCATGCCTACCTGAATGGCTCACTGGTGCTGTGGCTGGTCTTCATGGGCATTCTTCCGGCTATCCTGTTGTTTTTGATTAAAATTGAATATGCAGACAAATGGTACAAAGGGGTTGCCCACCGGCTGCTTTCCATGCTCGCTTCGCTGATCCTGATTGCAGGTGTTGCCGCTCTGTATTACCAGGATTATGCTTCTGTCGGGCGCAATAACCCGACGCTGAACAAAGAAATTATCCCGGCAAACTATGCGTACAGCACTTTCCATTACGTGAAGGATACCTATTTTACGACGAAAATGCCTTTCCGGACGCTGGGGGATGATGCAAGGCGCGTTACCCGGAATGGTAAACCCACGCTGATGTTCCTGGTAATTGGCGAAACGGCACGGAGCCAGAATTTCTCCATGAACGGCTACCCGCGTGACACAAATGCCTTTACCAGCAAAATCGATGGCGTTATTTCGTTCAGGAATATGCGTTCCTGTGGCACGGCGACCGCAGTCTCGGTGCCCTGTATGTTCTCGGATATGAACCGGACAGATTACGATGGTAAAAAGGCTGCCGGCAGTGAAAATGTCCTCGACATCGTGCAGAAAACGGGGGTTTCGCTGTTGTGGAAAGAAAACGATGGCGGGTGTAAAGGCGTATGCAGCCGTATCCCGACTGTCGAAATTAATCCCGGTATCAGTAAAAAACTGTGTGACGGTAAAACCTGCTATGACGATGTTATGCTGGAAAACCTGGATACCGAAATCGGCAAAATGGCCGGAGACAAGCTGATCGCCTTCCATATGATTGGCAGCCATGGACCGACCTATTACCAGCGTTATCCGGCAGAGCATCGTCACTTCATGCCGGAATGTGCGCGCAGCGATATCGAAAACTGCACGCAGGAACAGCTGGTTAATACCTACGACAATACCATTCGCCACACCGACTATGTGTTAGCGCAGATGATTGAAAAGCTTAAGCAATACAGCGAACAGTACAACACCATACTGCTGTATGTGTCCGATCACGGCGAATCTCTGGGAGAGAGCGGACTGTATCTGCACGGTACCCCCTACAAACTGGCACCGGATCAGCAGACGCACATCCCGATGCAGCTCTGGATGTCGCCAGGCTTCATTGCTGCTAAAAATATTAACGCCGCGTGTCTGCAGCATAATGCCGTTAACAGGACATATTCCCACGATAACCTTTTCGCGTCCGTACTGGGGCTCTGGGACATCACCACCGGGGCCTATCTTCCGGAAAGCGACCTGTTCCGCGAATGTCGTGGATAG", "fmax": "3826", "accession": "JAGFWV010000051.1", "fmin": "2206", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter kobei", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "208224", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "39773"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "MBO4158890.1", "sequence": "MPVLFRMRVIPLVLLLALVFAFLLNWPVLLHFYDILSRLEHVRAGFVISIPFVLVAALNFVFMPFSVRYLLKPFFALLLVTGSVVSYATLKYKVMFDQSMIENILETNPQEAHAYLNGSLVLWLVFMGILPAILLFLIKIEYADKWYKGVAHRLLSMLASLILIAGVAALYYQDYASVGRNNPTLNKEIIPANYAYSTFHYVKDTYFTTKMPFRTLGDDARRVTRNGKPTLMFLVIGETARSQNFSMNGYPRDTNAFTSKIDGVISFRNMRSCGTATAVSVPCMFSDMNRTDYDGKKAAGSENVLDIVQKTGVSLLWKENDGGCKGVCSRIPTVEINPGISKKLCDGKTCYDDVMLENLDTEIGKMAGDKLIAFHMIGSHGPTYYQRYPAEHRHFMPECARSDIENCTQEQLVNTYDNTIRHTDYVLAQMIEKLKQYSEQYNTILLYVSDHGESLGESGLYLHGTPYKLAPDQQTHIPMQLWMSPGFIAAKNINAACLQHNAVNRTYSHDNLFASVLGLWDITTGAYLPESDLFRECRG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-10.3", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-10.3", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-10.3", "ARO_id": "46021", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5887": {"model_id": "5887", "ARO_accession": "3007282", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-5-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8614": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGGTTGTCTGCATTTATCACTTTCTTGAAAATGCGCCCGCAAGTGCGCACTGAATTTTTGACTCTGTTCATCAGCCTTGTGTTCACCCTGCTGTGCAATGGCGTGTTTTGGAATGCCCTTCTTGCTGGACGCGACTCCCTAACTTCTGGAACATGGCTAATGCTCCTTTGCACTGGGTTGCTGATCACCGGGCTGCAATGGTTGTTGCTCCTTCTGGTGGCCACGCGCTGGAGTGTCAAGCCACTACTGATTCTGCTTGCTGTCATGACGCCCGCCGCCGTTTATTTCATGCGCAACTACGGGGTTTATCTCGACAAGGCCATGCTGCGGAATCTGATGGAGACGGACGTCAGGGAAGCCAGTGAGCTGTTGCAATGGAGAATGCTGCCCTACTTGTTGGTTGCAGCCGTATCCGTGTGGTGGATTGCGAGAGTCAGGGTTTTACGAACGGGCTGGAAACAAGCGGTAATGATGCGCAGCGCTTGTCTGGCTGGCGCTCTCGCCATGATTTCCATGGGTCTGTGGCCAGTCATGGATGTGCTGATACCCACGCTTCGTGAAAACAAGCCGCTTCGCTATTTGATCACTCCTGCAAACTACGTCATCTCGGGCATTCGGGTTTTGACTGAACAGGCGTCATCGTCAGCAGACGAAGCAAGGGAAGTCGTTGCAGCCGATGCGCATCGAGGGCCTCAAGAACAAGGCCGCCGTCCTCGTGCTCTCGTACTGGTTGTCGGGGAAACCGTCAGGGCGGCTAATTGGGGGTTGAGCGGCTATGAACGACAAACCACCCCTGAGTTGGCCGCACGCGACGTGATCAATTTTTCCGATGTCACCAGTTGCGGGACGGATACGGCTACATCCCTTCCCTGCATGTTTTCCCTCAATGGTCGGCGCGACTACGACGAACGCCAGATTCGTCGGCGCGAGTCCGTGCTGCACGTTTTAAACCGTAGTGACGTCAACATTCTCTGGCGCGATAACCAGTCGGGCTGTAAAGGCGTCTGTGATGGACTGCCCTTTGAAAACCTGTCTTCGGCAGGCCATCCCACACTGTGCCATGGCGAGCGCTGCCTGGATGAAATTCTGCTCGAAGGGTTGGCCGAGAAGATAACAACAAGCCGCAGCGATATGCTGATCGTTCTGCATATGCTGGGCAATCACGGCCCAGCGTATTTCCAGCGCTATCCCGCAAGCTACCGACGCTGGTCGCCAACCTGCGACACCACCGATCTGTCCAGCTGTTCGCATGAAGCCTTGGTGAACACCTACGACAACGCCGTGCTTTACACCGATCATGTGCTTGCCCGTACCATTGACCTGCTGTCCGGCATCCGCTCACACGACACGGCGCTGCTGTACGTTTCCGATCATGGGGAATCGCTCGGCGAGAAAGGCCTGTATCTCCATGGCATACCTTACGTCATCGCGCCGGATGAGCAGATCAAGGTGCCGATGATCTGGTGGCAGTCGAGTCAGGTTTATGCCGACCAAGCCTGTATGCAAACTCATGCCTCTCGGGCACCGGTAAGTCACGATCACCTGTTTCACACCTTGCTCGGGATGTTCGACGTGAAAACCGCTGCCTACACGCCAGAGTTGGACCTTCTGGCAACATGCAGAAAAGGACAACCACAATGA", "fmax": "1644", "accession": "MH062179.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AXF93714.1", "sequence": "MRLSAFITFLKMRPQVRTEFLTLFISLVFTLLCNGVFWNALLAGRDSLTSGTWLMLLCTGLLITGLQWLLLLLVATRWSVKPLLILLAVMTPAAVYFMRNYGVYLDKAMLRNLMETDVREASELLQWRMLPYLLVAAVSVWWIARVRVLRTGWKQAVMMRSACLAGALAMISMGLWPVMDVLIPTLRENKPLRYLITPANYVISGIRVLTEQASSSADEAREVVAADAHRGPQEQGRRPRALVLVVGETVRAANWGLSGYERQTTPELAARDVINFSDVTSCGTDTATSLPCMFSLNGRRDYDERQIRRRESVLHVLNRSDVNILWRDNQSGCKGVCDGLPFENLSSAGHPTLCHGERCLDEILLEGLAEKITTSRSDMLIVLHMLGNHGPAYFQRYPASYRRWSPTCDTTDLSSCSHEALVNTYDNAVLYTDHVLARTIDLLSGIRSHDTALLYVSDHGESLGEKGLYLHGIPYVIAPDEQIKVPMIWWQSSQVYADQACMQTHASRAPVSHDHLFHTLLGMFDVKTAAYTPELDLLATCRKGQPQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-5.3", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-5.3", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-5.3", "ARO_id": "46028", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5886": {"model_id": "5886", "ARO_accession": "3007281", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-5-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8613": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGGTTGTCTGCATTTATCACTTTCTTGAAAATGCGCCCGCAAGTGCGCACTGAATTTTTGACTCTGTTCATCAGCCTTGTGTTCACCCTGCTGTGCAATGGCGTGTTTTGGAATGCCCTTCTTGCTGGACGCGACTCCCTAACTTCTGGAACATGGCTAATGCTCCTTTGCACTGGGTTGCTGATCACCGGGCTGCAATGGTTGTTGCTCCTTCTGGTGGCCACGCGCTGGAGTGTCAAGCCACTACTGATTCTGCTTGCTGTCATGACGCCCGCCGCCGTTTATTTCATGCGCAACTACGGGGTTTATTTCGACAAGGCCATGCTGCGGAATCTGATGGAGACGGACGTCAGGGAAGCCAGTGAGCTGTTGCAATGGAGAATGCTGCCCTACTTGTTGGTTGCAGCCGTATCCGTGTGGTGGATTGCGAGAGTCAGGGTTTTACGAACGGGCTGGAAACAAGCGGTAATGATGCGCAGCGCTTGTCTGGCTGGCGCTCTCGCCATGATTTCCATGGGTCTGTGGCCAGTCATGGATGTGCTGATACCCACGCTTCGTGAAAACAAGCCGCTTCGCTATTTGATCACTCCTGCAAACTACGTCATCTCGGGCATTCGGGTTTTGACTGAACAGGCGTCATCGTCAGCAGACGAAGCAAGGGAAGTCGTTGCAGCCGATGCGCATCGAGGGCCTCAAGAACAAGGCCGCCGTCCTCGTGCTCTCGTACTGGTTGTCGGGGAAACCGTCAGGGCGGCTAATTGGGGGTTGAGCGGCTATGAACGACAAACCACCCCTGAGTTGGCCGCACGCGACGTGATCAATTTTTCCGATGTCACCAGTTGCGGGACGGATACGGCTACATCCCTTCCCTGCATGTTTTCCCTCAATGGTCGGCGCGACTACGACGAACGCCAGATTCGTCGGCGCGAGTCCGTGCTGCACGTTTTAAACCGTAGTGACGTCAACATTCTCTGGCGCGATAACCAGTCGGGCTGTAAAGGCGTCTGTGATGGACTGCCCTTTGAAAACCTGTCTTCGGCAGGCCATCCCACACTGTGCCATGGCGAGCGCTGCCTGGATGAAATTCTGCTCGAAGGGTTGGCCGAGAAGATAACAACAAGCCGCAGCGATATGCTGATCGTTCTGCATATGCTGGGCAATCACGGCCCAGCGTATTTCCAGCGCTATCCCGCAAGCTACCGACGCTGGTCGCCAACCTGCGACACCACCGATCTGGCCAGCTGTTCGCATGAAGCCTTGGTGAACACCTACGACAACGCCGTGCTTTACACCGATCATGTGCTTGCCCGTACCATTGACCTGCTGTCCGGCATCCGCTCACACGACACGGCGCTGCTGTACGTTTCCGATCATGGGGAATCGCTCGGCGAGAAAGGCCTGTATCTCCATGGCATACCTTACGTCATCGCGCCGGATGAGCAGATCAAGGTGCCGATGATCTGGTGGCAGTCGAGTCAGGTTTATGCCGACCAAGCCTGTATGCAAACTCATGCCTCTCGGGCACCGGTAAGTCACGATCACCTGTTTCACACCTTGCTCGGGATGTTCGACGTGAAAACCGCTGCCTACACGCCAGAGTTGGACCTTCTGGCAACATGCAGAAAAGGACAACCACAATGA", "fmax": "6690", "accession": "MK965519.1", "fmin": "5046", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "hospital metagenome", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1755691", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46170"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QCT85452.1", "sequence": "MRLSAFITFLKMRPQVRTEFLTLFISLVFTLLCNGVFWNALLAGRDSLTSGTWLMLLCTGLLITGLQWLLLLLVATRWSVKPLLILLAVMTPAAVYFMRNYGVYFDKAMLRNLMETDVREASELLQWRMLPYLLVAAVSVWWIARVRVLRTGWKQAVMMRSACLAGALAMISMGLWPVMDVLIPTLRENKPLRYLITPANYVISGIRVLTEQASSSADEAREVVAADAHRGPQEQGRRPRALVLVVGETVRAANWGLSGYERQTTPELAARDVINFSDVTSCGTDTATSLPCMFSLNGRRDYDERQIRRRESVLHVLNRSDVNILWRDNQSGCKGVCDGLPFENLSSAGHPTLCHGERCLDEILLEGLAEKITTSRSDMLIVLHMLGNHGPAYFQRYPASYRRWSPTCDTTDLASCSHEALVNTYDNAVLYTDHVLARTIDLLSGIRSHDTALLYVSDHGESLGEKGLYLHGIPYVIAPDEQIKVPMIWWQSSQVYADQACMQTHASRAPVSHDHLFHTLLGMFDVKTAAYTPELDLLATCRKGQPQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-5.4", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-5.4", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-5.4", "ARO_id": "46027", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5885": {"model_id": "5885", "ARO_accession": "3007280", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8579": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "5196", "accession": "JAAGSA010000042.1", "fmin": "3573", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_034169413.1", "sequence": "MQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.26", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.26", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.26", "ARO_id": "46026", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5884": {"model_id": "5884", "ARO_accession": "3007279", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8578": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCAAATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "2151", "accession": "MG763897.1", "fmin": "528", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_116786830.1", "sequence": "MQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVKSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.15", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.15", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.15", "ARO_id": "46025", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5889": {"model_id": "5889", "ARO_accession": "3007284", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8639": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACATCACTCTTGGTATCGCTATTCTATCAATCCCTTTGTGCTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTATTTTTGGCAGCGACAGCGAACCTGACATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCATCTCAATGGCGGTGGCGGTGATGGGTGCTATGCTATTGATTGTTGTGCTATTATCCTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGCTGATTTTGCTGCTTATCATGGGTGCGGTGACGAGCTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGACACCACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCATGCAAACCGACCAAGCCGAGTCTAAAGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGGATTATCGGGCTTGGCGTGTTGCCAAGTCTATTGGTCGCAGTTGCCAAAGTGGGTTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAAGCCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACGTGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGTGTTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGGTTATTTAGCAGTCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGGGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATCAACCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCACCAACAGACACCATCTATCATGCCAAAGATGCCGTGCAGACCACCAAGCCTAGCGAGCGTAAGCCCCGTCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCGCGTGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATAGCCGTGAGACTTTCCCGCAGCTTGCCAAAGTTGATGGCTTGGCGAACTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATTTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTAGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGCGTGGGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTACCTGCTACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCGACCAACAACACCATCTGTAACACCAACCCTTATAATGAATGTCGTGATGTCGGTATGCTTGTTGGGCTTGATGACTATGTCAGCGCCAATAATGGCAAAGATATGCTCATCATGCTACACCAAATGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTACCAAATTCACCCCTGTGTGCGAAGGCAACGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAATCGCTCATCAATGCCTATGATAATGCACTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGTATCGATTGGCTAAAAACACATGAAGCAAACTACGATGTCGCCATGCTCTATGTCAGCGACCACGGCGAGAGCTTGGGCGAAAATGGTGTCTATCTGCATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAACGAGCCGTACCTGTGTTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACGACATTCAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGATACTGCATTGACCCATGATGCGATTACGCCGACATTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCTGATAAGGTCAAAGACCGCACGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "2984", "accession": "DAILHT010000102.1", "fmin": "1367", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "HCJ5800995.1", "sequence": "MTSHHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVALFLAATANLTFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIISMAVAVMGAMLLIVVLLSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNAMQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSLLVAVAKVGYPTWGKSLIQRAMTWGVSLVLLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPTDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVQFNGYSRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVGILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFTKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPVFFWSNNTTFKPTASDTALTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.3", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.3", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.3", "ARO_id": "46030", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5888": {"model_id": "5888", "ARO_accession": "3007283", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-2-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8582": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACATCACATCACTCTTGGTATCGCTACTCCATCAATCCTTTTGTACTGATGGGTTTGGTGGCGTTATTTTTGGCGGCAACAGCGAACCTGACATTTTTTGAAAAAGCGATGGCGGTCTATCCTGTATCGGATAACTTAGGCTTTATCATCTCAATGGCGGTTGCACTGATGGGTGCTATGCTATTGATTGTCGTTCTGTTTTCCTATCGTTATGTGCTCAAGCCTGTGCTGATTTTGCTTTTGATGATGGGTGCGGTAACCAGTTATTTTACCGATACTTATGGCACAGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTACAAAATGCCCTGCAAACCGACCAAGCTGAGTCCAAGGACTTGATGAATTTGGCGTTTTTTGTGCGGATTATTGGGCTTGGTGTTTTGCCGAGCATAGTGGTGGCGTGGGTCAAGGTGGATTATCCAACATGGGGCAAAGGCCTGATTCAGCGTGCGATGACGTGGGGTGTCAGCCTTGTGCTGTTGCTTGTGCCGATTGGGTTATTTAGCAGTCAGTATGCGAGTTTCTTTCGGGTGCATAAGCCAGTGCGTTTTTATATCAACCCGATTACGCCGATTTATTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATCGAGTACAAAAAAGCCACTGCGCCAAAAGACACCATCTATCATGCCAAAGATGCCGTGCAGACCACCAAGCCGAGCGAGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGTGCGCGCTGACCATGTGCAGTTCAATGGCTATAGCCGTGAGACTTTCCCGCAGCTTGCCAAAGTTGATGGCTTGGCGAACTTTAGCCAAGTGACATCGTGTGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGTCAAGATGACTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTCCTAGATACGCTTGACCGCTTGGGCGTGGATATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCAGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCTGCCACGCAGTATTTTGATTATAAATCAGCGACCAACAACACCATCTGCAACACCAATCCCTATAACGAATGTCGTGATGTCGGTATGCTTGTTGGGCTAGACGACTATGTCAGCGCCAATAATGGCAAAGATATGCTTATCATGCTACACCAAATGGGCAATCATGGGCCGGCGTACTTTAAGCGTTATGATGAGCAATTTGCCAAATTCACCCCTGTGTGCGAAGGCAATGAGCTTGCCAAATGCGAACATCAATCGCTCATCAATGCCTATGATAATGCACTACTTGCCACCGATGATTTTATCGCCAAAAGTATCGATTGGCTAAAAACACATGAAGCAAACTACGATGTCGCCATGCTCTATGTCAGCGACCACGGCGAGAGCTTGGGCGAAAATGGTGTCTATTTGCATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGTGCCGTACCTGCGTTTTTTTGGTCAAATAATACATCGTTCAAGCCAACTGCCAGCGATACTGCATTGACCCATGATGCAATTACGCCGACACTGCTTAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACAGCGGGCAAGGTCAAAGACCGCACGGCATTTATCCAGTAA", "fmax": "1617", "accession": "MT757845.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_188331886.1", "sequence": "MTSHHSWYRYSINPFVLMGLVALFLAATANLTFFEKAMAVYPVSDNLGFIISMAVALMGAMLLIVVLFSYRYVLKPVLILLLMMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAESKDLMNLAFFVRIIGLGVLPSIVVAWVKVDYPTWGKGLIQRAMTWGVSLVLLLVPIGLFSSQYASFFRVHKPVRFYINPITPIYSVGKLASIEYKKATAPKDTIYHAKDAVQTTKPSERKPRLVVFVVGETVRADHVQFNGYSRETFPQLAKVDGLANFSQVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGQDDYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVDILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPATQYFDYKSATNNTICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDYVSANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEQFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAKSIDWLKTHEANYDVAMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRAVPAFFWSNNTSFKPTASDTALTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTAGKVKDRTAFIQ"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-2.4", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-2.4", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-2.4", "ARO_id": "46029", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5924": {"model_id": "5924", "ARO_accession": "3007421", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1100", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"12836": "L367Q"}, "clinical": {"12836": "L367Q"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type with with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q."}}, "ARO_description": "Mutant PBP3 in Klebsiella pneumoniae conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8643": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAGCAGCGCCAAAAACGCCTAAAGCAAAACGTCAGGAAGAACAGGCCAACTTTATCAGTTGGCGTTTTGCGTTGCTGTGCGGCTGTATTCTGCTGGCGCTGGCTTTTCTGCTGGGTCGCGTCGCCTGGCTACAGGTGATCAGCCCCGATATGCTGGTGCGCCAGGGCGATATGCGTTCTTTGCGCGTACAGGAAGTGTCCACCGCGCGCGGGATGATTACCGATCGCTCCGGACGTCCGCTGGCGGTCAGCGTGCCGGTGAAGGCTATCTGGGCCGACCCGAAAGAGCTCCATGACGCCGGTGGGGTTACCCTGGATACGCGCTGGAAAGCGCTGGCGGATGCCCTCAATATGCCGCTGGATCAGCTGGCGACGCGCATCAATACCAATCCGCGGATGCGGTTTATCTATCTGGCGCGTCAGGTTAATCCTGACATGGCCGATTACATCAAGAAGCTGAAGCTGCCGGGCATTCATCTGCGCGAAGAATCCCGTCGTTACTACCCTTCCGGGGAAGTAACCGCTCACCTCATCGGCTTTACCAACGTCGATAGCCAGGGGATTGAAGGGGTTGAGAAAAGCTTTGATAAATGGCTTACCGGTCAGCCGGGCGAGCGTATCGTACGTAAAGACCGCTATGGCCGGGTAATTGAAGACATCTCTTCTACCGATAGCCAGGCAGCGCACAACCTGGCGCTGAGTATCGACGAACGCCTGCAGGCGCTGGTCTATCGCGAGCTGAACAACGCCGTGGCCTTTAACAAAGCCGAGTCGGGCAGCGCCGTGTTAGTGGATGTTAACACCGGTGAAGTGCTGGCGATGGCCAACAGCCCATCCTATAACCCGAACAACTTCGCCGGTACGGCAAAAGACACCATGCGTAACCGTGCGATTACCGACGTGTTTGAGCCGGGTTCGACGGTGAAACCGATGGTGGTCATGACGGCGCTGCAGCGCGGTATCGTCAACGAAAATACCGTGCTCAATACCGTGCCTTATCGAATTAACGGCCACGAAATCAAAGACGTGGCGCGCTACAGCGAATTGACCCTGACCGGGGTGCTACAGAAGTCGAGTAACGTCGGTGTTTCTAAGCTGGCGTTAGCGATGCCGTCCTCAGTGTTAGTAGATACTTACTCACGTTTTGGGCTTGGAAAGGCGACCAATTTGGGGTTGGTCGGAGAACGCAGTGGCTTATATCCTCAAAAACAACGGTGGTCTGACATAGAGAGGGCCACCTTTTCTTTCGGCTATGGGCTAATGGTAACCCCGTTACAGTTAGCGCGAGTCTACGCAACGATTGGCAGCTATGGCATCTATCGCCCGTTGTCGATTACCAAGGTTGATCCTCCGGTTCCGGGCGAGCGCGTCTTCCCGGAATCACTCGTTCGTACCGTCGTTCATATGATGGAAAGCGTGGCGCTGCCCGGCGGCGGCGGTGTGAAAGCGGCGATCAAAGGCTATCGCATCGCGATTAAAACCGGTACGGCGAAAAAAGTGGGGCCGGATGGCCGCTATATCAACAAATATATTGCTTACACCGCAGGCGTTGCGCCCGCCAGCCATCCGCGCTTCGCGCTGGTGGTGGTGATCAACGACCCGCAGGCAGGTAAATACTACGGTGGCGCCGTTTCCGCGCCGGTCTTCGGTGCCATCATGGGCGGCGTATTGCGCACCATGAACATCGAGCCGGATGCGCTGGCAACGGGCGAAAAAAGTGAATTTGTAATTAATCAAGGCGAGGGAACAGGTGGCAGATCGTAA", "fmax": "4516111", "accession": "FO834906.1", "fmin": "4514344", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CDO16001.1", "sequence": "MKAAPKTPKAKRQEEQANFISWRFALLCGCILLALAFLLGRVAWLQVISPDMLVRQGDMRSLRVQEVSTARGMITDRSGRPLAVSVPVKAIWADPKELHDAGGVTLDTRWKALADALNMPLDQLATRINTNPRMRFIYLARQVNPDMADYIKKLKLPGIHLREESRRYYPSGEVTAHLIGFTNVDSQGIEGVEKSFDKWLTGQPGERIVRKDRYGRVIEDISSTDSQAAHNLALSIDERLQALVYRELNNAVAFNKAESGSAVLVDVNTGEVLAMANSPSYNPNNFAGTAKDTMRNRAITDVFEPGSTVKPMVVMTALQRGIVNENTVLNTVPYRINGHEIKDVARYSELTLTGVLQKSSNVGVSKLALAMPSSVLVDTYSRFGLGKATNLGLVGERSGLYPQKQRWSDIERATFSFGYGLMVTPLQLARVYATIGSYGIYRPLSITKVDPPVPGERVFPESLVRTVVHMMESVALPGGGGVKAAIKGYRIAIKTGTAKKVGPDGRYINKYIAYTAGVAPASHPRFALVVVINDPQAGKYYGGAVSAPVFGAIMGGVLRTMNIEPDALATGEKSEFVINQGEGTGGRS"}}}}, "model_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae PBP3 mutants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "40661": {"category_aro_name": "Penicillin-binding protein mutations conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40661", "category_aro_accession": "3003938", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Mutations in PBP transpeptidases that change the affinity for penicillin thereby conferring resistance to penicillin antibiotics."}}, "ARO_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae PBP3 mutants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.", "CARD_short_name": "Kpne_PBP3_BLA", "ARO_id": "46177", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "5926": {"model_id": "5926", "ARO_accession": "3007427", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "300", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "ThfT is an ECF transporter S component that expands the substrate profile of endogenous ECF transporters to include folate biosynthesis end products. It confers resistance to the folate synthesis inhibitor sulfamethoxazole by allowing uptake of host folate.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8645": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACCTATTTTTAATGGACCAAAAATGTCCGTTCAACGTCTTGTCTCTATCGCTATGCTAATTGCCCTAACCCTAGTCATTAGCAAATTTTCAATACCAGTTATTCCGCAACAATTGGTTATTAGTTTTGCCTTTATCGGTAATACCATGATTGGCATGATTGCTGGTCCAATTTGGGCTTTTATTTCCCTAGCCCTAGTTGATGTGACTGATAACCTAGCCAGTGGGTCAGGTAATTTCATCATTTGGTGGACCCTAATGGAGGCTGTTCAGGGGCTCTTGTATGGTTTTTTCTTCTACCGGAAACCACTGTCAACAGCCAATAAAAAAGACTGGCTTTATGTTAGCCTAGCAACAATTATCATCATGTTGTTTGGAACCTTCATCTTTACACCTCTTTTGATTCAAATCTACTTCCATGTCCCATTTTGGGCTCAATATGCAGCAGGAAGATGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGAAATCCCTCTTCGGGTCGTTATCACCATGTTATTAGTGCCAGCCCTTCAAAGAATACCTGAAATCAAAAAATTAAATCAAGCCTAA", "fmax": "632310", "accession": "CP035438.1", "fmin": "631752", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Streptococcus pyogenes", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1314", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36764"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QCK45398.1", "sequence": "MSPIFNGPKMSVQRLVSIAMLIALTLVISKFSIPVIPQQLVISFAFIGNTMIGMIAGPIWAFISLALVDVTDNLASGSGNFIIWWTLMEAVQGLLYGFFFYRKPLSTANKKDWLYVSLATIIIMLFGTFIFTPLLIQIYFHVPFWAQYAAGRWFKVFEIPLRVVITMLLVPALQRIPEIKKLNQA"}}}}, "model_name": "ThfT", "ARO_category": {"46182": {"category_aro_name": "ECF transporter S component", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46182", "category_aro_accession": "3007426", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "ECF transporter S component genes involved in host nutrient uptake."}, "36468": {"category_aro_name": "sulfamethoxazole", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36468", "category_aro_accession": "3000329", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic usually taken with trimethoprim, a diaminopyrimidine antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole inhibits dihydropteroate synthase, essential to tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthesis. This pathway generates compounds used in the synthesis of many amino acids and nucleotides."}, "46180": {"category_aro_name": "resistance by host-dependent nutrient acquisition", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46180", "category_aro_accession": "3007424", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Resistance via uptake of host nutrients to bypass antibiotic mechanism."}, "36421": {"category_aro_name": "sulfonamide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36421", "category_aro_accession": "3000282", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Sulfonamides are broad spectrum, synthetic antibiotics that contain the sulfonamide group. Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroic acid as part of the tetrahydrofolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Tetrahydrofolic acid is essential for folate synthesis, a precursor of many nucleotides and amino acids. Many sulfamides are taken with trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, also disturbing the trihydrofolic acid synthesis pathway."}}, "ARO_name": "ThfT", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "ThfT", "ARO_id": "46183", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5927": {"model_id": "5927", "ARO_accession": "3007431", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "125", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "almF is a glycine carrier protein associated with the almEFG operon in Vibrio cholerae. It is activated by almE and carries the glycyl molecule later added to lipid A by almG.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8646": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAACAAGCCATTGAAAATATTCTTATTGAGCGATTACAAACCAGTATTGAGGGTATTTCATCGATACTCACCAATAAATTTTTCGATGAGTTTGATTCCTTCTCTTTCATCGATATTGTCGCCAAAGTAGAAAGCCAGTTTTCGGCACAAATTAATCTATTTGATATGCCATTAACCATGGAATCGTCAGTCAATGAAGTCATTGATTGGTTAGTGAGCGAAGTAGGGGAATAA", "fmax": "267696", "accession": "LOSL02000001.1", "fmin": "267459", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Vibrio cholerae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "666", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36789"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "PNM48229.1", "sequence": "MKQAIENILIERLQTSIEGISSILTNKFFDEFDSFSFIDIVAKVESQFSAQINLFDMPLTMESSVNEVIDWLVSEVGE"}}}}, "model_name": "almF", "ARO_category": {"36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "46186": {"category_aro_name": "alm glycyl carrier protein", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46186", "category_aro_accession": "3007430", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Glycyl carrier proteins associated with polymixin resistance operons."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "46184": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin resistance operon", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46184", "category_aro_accession": "3007428", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Operon or gene clusters confering resistance to polymyxin antibiotics."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}}, "ARO_name": "almF", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "almF", "ARO_id": "46187", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5921": {"model_id": "5921", "ARO_accession": "3003843", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "leuO, a LysR family transcription factor, exists in a wide variety of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae and is involved in the regulation of as yet unidentified genes affecting the stress response and pathogenesis expression. LeuO is also an activator of the MdtNOP efflux pump.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8636": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCAGAGGTACAAACAGATCATCCAGAGACGGCGGAGTTAAGCAAGCCACAGCTACGCATGGTCGATCTCAACTTATTAACCGTTTTCGATGCCGTGATGCAGGAGCAAAACATCACCCGTGCCGCTCATGCTCTGGGAATGTCGCAACCTGCGGTCAGTAACGCTGTTGCACGCCTGAAGGTGATGTTTAATGACGAGCTTTTTGTTCGTTATGGCCGTGGTATTCAACCGACTGCTCGCGCATTTCAACTTTTTGGCTCAGTTCGTCAGGCATTGCAACTAGTACAAAATGAATTGCCTGGTTCAGGTTTTGAACCCGCGAGCAGTGAACGTGTATTTCATCTTTGTGTTTGCAGCCCGTTAGACAGCATTCTGACCTCGCAGATTTATAATCACATTGAGCAGATTGCGCCAAATATACATGTTATGTTCAAGTCTTCATTAAATCAGAACACTGAACATCAGCTGCGTTATCAGGAAACGGAGTTTGTGATTAGTTATGAAGACTTCCATCGCCCTGAATTTACCAGTGTGCCATTATTTAAAGATGAAATGGTGTTGGTAGCCAGCAAAAATCATCCAACAATTAAAGGCCCGTTACTGAAGCATGATGTTTATAACGAACAACACGCTGCGGTTTCGCTCGATCGTTTCGCATCATTTAGTCAAACCTGGTATGACACGGTAGATAAGCAAGCCAGTATCGCGTATCAGGGCATGGCAATGATGAGCGTACTTAGCGTGGTGTCGCAAACGCATCTGGTCGCTATTGCGCCGCGTTGGTTGGCTGAAGAGTTCGCTGAATCCTTAGAGTTACAGGTATTACCGCTGCCGTTAAAACAAAACAGCAGAACCTGTTATCTCTCCTGGCATGAAGCTGCCGGGCGCGATAAAGGCCATCAGTGGATGGAAGAGCAATTAGTCTCAATTTGCAAACGCTAA", "fmax": "740987", "accession": "LR730402.1", "fmin": "740042", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "VWQ00850.1", "sequence": "MPEVQTDHPETAELSKPQLRMVDLNLLTVFDAVMQEQNITRAAHALGMSQPAVSNAVARLKVMFNDELFVRYGRGIQPTARAFQLFGSVRQALQLVQNELPGSGFEPASSERVFHLCVCSPLDSILTSQIYNHIEQIAPNIHVMFKSSLNQNTEHQLRYQETEFVISYEDFHRPEFTSVPLFKDEMVLVASKNHPTIKGPLLKHDVYNEQHAAVSLDRFASFSQTWYDTVDKQASIAYQGMAMMSVLSVVSQTHLVAIAPRWLAEEFAESLELQVLPLPLKQNSRTCYLSWHEAAGRDKGHQWMEEQLVSICKR"}}}}, "model_name": "leuO", "ARO_category": {"36001": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36001", "category_aro_accession": "0010000", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Antibiotic resistance via the transport of antibiotics out of the cell."}, "36003": {"category_aro_name": "major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36003", "category_aro_accession": "0010002", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Directed pumping of antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance. Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters and ABC transporters comprise the two largest and most functionally diverse of the transporter superfamilies. However, MFS transporters are distinct from ABC transporters in both their primary sequence and structure and in the mechanism of energy coupling. As secondary transporters they are, like RND and SMR transporters, energized by the electrochemical proton gradient."}, "36590": {"category_aro_name": "protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36590", "category_aro_accession": "3000451", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Regulator", "category_aro_description": "Protein(s) and two component regulatory systems that directly or indirectly change rates of antibiotic efflux."}, "36298": {"category_aro_name": "efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36298", "category_aro_accession": "3000159", "category_aro_class_name": "Efflux Component", "category_aro_description": "Efflux proteins that pump antibiotic out of a cell to confer resistance."}, "35965": {"category_aro_name": "puromycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35965", "category_aro_accession": "0000047", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from Streptomyces alboniger, that causes premature chain termination during ribosomal protein translation."}, "35963": {"category_aro_name": "acriflavine", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35963", "category_aro_accession": "0000045", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Acriflavine is a topical antiseptic. It has the form of an orange or brown powder. It may be harmful in the eyes or if inhaled. Acriflavine is also used as treatment for external fungal infections of aquarium fish."}, "36174": {"category_aro_name": "nucleoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36174", "category_aro_accession": "3000034", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Nucleoside antibiotics are made of modified nucleosides and nucleotides with wide-ranging activities and means of antibacterial effects. This drug class includes aminonucleoside antibiotics, which contain an amino group."}, "43746": {"category_aro_name": "disinfecting agents and antiseptics", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "43746", "category_aro_accession": "3005386", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Disinfectants that can also interact with antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, e.g. molecule efflux, and thus are the targets of disinfectant resistance."}}, "ARO_name": "leuO", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "leuO", "ARO_id": "40537", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5923": {"model_id": "5923", "ARO_accession": "3007420", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "800", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"12833": "R374S", "12832": "R374L", "12835": "R33H", "12834": "R134P"}, "clinical": {"12833": "R374S", "12832": "R374L", "12835": "R33H", "12834": "R134P"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type with with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q."}}, "ARO_description": "LamB is a maltoporin that negatively regulates antibiotic resistance. Knockout strains of lamB are shown to exhibit higher levels of resistance than wild-type strains. Mutations in the lamB gene of Klebsiella are associated with resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8640": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGATTACTCTGCGCAAACTTCCTCTGGCGGTCGCCGTCGCAGCAGGCGTGATGTCTGCTCAGGCGCTGGCTGTCGATTTCCATGGCTACGCGCGTTCCGGCATTGGCTGGACCGGCAGCGGCGGCGAGCAACAGTGCTTCAAAGCAACCGGCGCTCAAAGTAAATACCGTCTTGGTAACGAATGTGAAACCTATGCGGAACTGAAGCTGGGCCAGGAGCTGTGGAAGGAAGGGGATAAGAGTTTTTATTTCGATACTAACGTTGCCTATTCCGTGAATCAGGAAGATGACTGGGAAAGCACCTCTCCGGCGTTCCGTGAAGCCAACATCCAGGGTAAAAACCTGATCGACTGGCTGCCGGGCTCCACGCTGTGGGCGGGTAAACGCTTCTATCAGCGTCATGACGTTCACATGATCGACTTCTACTACTGGGATATCTCCGGCCCGGGTGCAGGTCTGGAAAACGTTGACCTTGGCTTCGGTAAGCTCTCTCTGGCCGCTACCCGTAACTCAGAAAGCGGCGGCTCTTATACTTTCTCCAGCGATGACACCAAAAAATATGCTGCGAAAACTGCCAACGACGTCTTTGATATCCGTCTGGCGGGTCTGGAAACCAACCCGGGCGGCGTGCTGGAGTTAGGGGTCGATTACGGCCGTGCTAACCCGCAGGATGACTATCGCCTGGAAGACGGCGCGTCGAAAGACGGCTGGATGTGGACCGGTGAACATACTCAGTCTATCTGGGGCGGCTTCAACAAGTTTGTGGTTCAGTACGCCACTGACGCAATGACCTCCTGGAACAGCGGCCACTCTCAGGGGACCAGCATCGATAACAACGGCAGCATGATCCGCGTTCTGGATCACGGCGCGATGGACTTCAACGATGACTGGGGCCTGATGTACGTGGCAATGTACCAGGACGTGGATCTGGACAGCAAGAACGGTTCTACCTGGTACACCGTGGGTGTCCGTCCGATGTACAAATGGACGCCGATCATGAGCACCCAGCTGGAAATCGGTTACGACAACGTGAAATCCCAGCGTACCAGCGAAAACAACAACCAGTACAAAATTACTCTGGCTCAACAGTGGCAGGCAGGCAACAGCGTCTGGTCTCGTCCGGCTATCCGTATCTTCGCAACCTACGCGAAGTGGGATGAAAACTGGGGCTACAGCAACACCTCCGGTCTGCAGACGAAAGACAGCAGCGGAAGCGGCGCTTTCACCTCCAGCCGCGGTGACGACAGCGAAGTTACCTTCGGTGCCCAGATGGAAGTGTGGTGGTAA", "fmax": "4993886", "accession": "CP109607.1", "fmin": "4992596", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WAH47136.1", "sequence": "MMITLRKLPLAVAVAAGVMSAQALAVDFHGYARSGIGWTGSGGEQQCFKATGAQSKYRLGNECETYAELKLGQELWKEGDKSFYFDTNVAYSVNQEDDWESTSPAFREANIQGKNLIDWLPGSTLWAGKRFYQRHDVHMIDFYYWDISGPGAGLENVDLGFGKLSLAATRNSESGGSYTFSSDDTKKYAAKTANDVFDIRLAGLETNPGGVLELGVDYGRANPQDDYRLEDGASKDGWMWTGEHTQSIWGGFNKFVVQYATDAMTSWNSGHSQGTSIDNNGSMIRVLDHGAMDFNDDWGLMYVAMYQDVDLDSKNGSTWYTVGVRPMYKWTPIMSTQLEIGYDNVKSQRTSENNNQYKITLAQQWQAGNSVWSRPAIRIFATYAKWDENWGYSNTSGLQTKDSSGSGAFTSSRGDDSEVTFGAQMEVWW"}}}}, "model_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae lamB with mutations conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam", "ARO_category": {"35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "36383": {"category_aro_name": "reduced permeability to antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36383", "category_aro_accession": "3000244", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Reduction in permeability to antibiotic, generally through reduced production of porins, can provide resistance."}, "41443": {"category_aro_name": "Sugar Porin (SP)", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41443", "category_aro_accession": "3004279", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Members of the Sugar Porin family tend to facilitate the transport of maltodextrins and other sugars across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. These porins form a homotrimeric structure."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}}, "ARO_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae lamB with mutations conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.", "CARD_short_name": "Kpne_lamB_CZA", "ARO_id": "46176", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "5928": {"model_id": "5928", "ARO_accession": "3007433", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "almE is a glycyltransferase found in Vibrio cholerae that transfers glycine to the carrier protein almF. almE is part of the almEFG polymyxin resistance operon.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8647": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCCATACAATTCTGCGACAGATTTGTTACAGAGAGAGGGTTATGGTGTCGTGCATAACCAATTTATCAATAAAATGGCGATGTGCTGCGAGACAAGACACTCTATTTTGGCGGCCATTCAGGCTAACCGACATGCCCCTGCATTATGGGTTAAACAGAAAACCTACACCTATCAAGAGATGACCGATATGGCACTCTCATTGAGTGACTATTGGCATTTACAGGGCGTGCAGCGAGTTGCGATCCTTTCGGTACGCGATCTCGCGGCTTATTCTGCGATTTGGGCGAGCTATTTGGGCGGTATGACTTATATTCCGCTCAATGCGCGAGCAACAACAGAACAGATCCAAGAGACGCTGATCGCGACACAATGTGATTCCATCATGGTAGACGCGCAGCAATTGAGTCGTTTGTCCTCCTTACTAGATACTTGCATTGACCGATTACACATTTATGCGCTGCCTGATGTGGATATGGAACCGTTACGTCAGCAATATCCTCAGCACACTTTTCACACAGTGCAAATAACCGAACAAGATGTGGAATTACTGGTAGCGAAATACCATTTAGACAATGAACATGAGTACGCTTATATCATGCAAACCTCAGGTTCGACTGGTAAACCCAAACGTATTGCGGTCAGCTACAGTAATTTGCATTGCTATATCAGTCAAATTGACAAACTATTTCCACTCAATGCGCAAGATCGAGTGGGGCAATATTCTGATTTGACTTTTGATCTTTCGGTACATGATATTTTTTACAGTTTGATCTCTGGTGCTTGTTTATATGTTGTGCCTGAATTAGCGAAATTAAGTCCAGCGGAATTTATTCGTCACCATCAATTAACGGTATGGCTTTCTGTGCCTACTGTTATTGAGTTGGCCCTACAAAGACAAACCTTAACCCCACACAGTTTACCTTCTCTGCGACTGAGTTTTTTCTGCGGACAAGCCTTGCTGCATGATTTAGCCGAACAATGGCAACAGGCCACCCAGCAGCCGGTGATCAATCTGTATGGTCCAACAGAGTGCACGATTGCTATTACCTATCATCGATTTGTCGCCCATTCAGGTATGGCATCGGTGCCGATTGGCCGTGCTTTTGAAGAGGAGTGTTTAGCCATCATCAACGAACAAGGTGAATTGATGCGCTTTGAATCTGCACCCGAGGGGTATCGCGGAGAATTACTTCTGTCGGGCAAACAATTAGTCAATGGTTATCTGAATGATCCGCTGAATACGCAAAGTGCCTTTTTCCAGCACGAAGGGCGTATTTGGTATCGTTCAGGTGACATTGTCACTAAATCAAATGGCGTGCTGATTCATCTTGGGCGTCGCGATCACCAAGTGAAAATTGCCGGACAACGGGTGGAATTAGAAGAGATTGAAACCGTTGTTCGCCGCGTGACTCAAGCGCACAGCGTGGCGATAGTGCCTTGGCCTTTAAGTGAGTCGGGCTATGCCAGCGGCACGGTGGCGTTTGTGGATACCCATACCCAATGGCAACCAGATCTGTGGTTGAGCCAATGCAAACAACAATTAAATCCAACTTTTGTGCCTAAGCGTTGGTATGCCATTGAACAATTACCAAGAAATGCCAATGGCAAAACCGATATTAAAGCTTTACAACAACAATTAGCGAGTCAGACATATGAAACAAGCCATTGA", "fmax": "104354", "accession": "JAKJWK010000010.1", "fmin": "102683", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Vibrio cholerae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "666", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36789"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "MCO7070877.1", "sequence": "MPYNSATDLLQREGYGVVHNQFINKMAMCCETRHSILAAIQANRHAPALWVKQKTYTYQEMTDMALSLSDYWHLQGVQRVAILSVRDLAAYSAIWASYLGGMTYIPLNARATTEQIQETLIATQCDSIMVDAQQLSRLSSLLDTCIDRLHIYALPDVDMEPLRQQYPQHTFHTVQITEQDVELLVAKYHLDNEHEYAYIMQTSGSTGKPKRIAVSYSNLHCYISQIDKLFPLNAQDRVGQYSDLTFDLSVHDIFYSLISGACLYVVPELAKLSPAEFIRHHQLTVWLSVPTVIELALQRQTLTPHSLPSLRLSFFCGQALLHDLAEQWQQATQQPVINLYGPTECTIAITYHRFVAHSGMASVPIGRAFEEECLAIINEQGELMRFESAPEGYRGELLLSGKQLVNGYLNDPLNTQSAFFQHEGRIWYRSGDIVTKSNGVLIHLGRRDHQVKIAGQRVELEEIETVVRRVTQAHSVAIVPWPLSESGYASGTVAFVDTHTQWQPDLWLSQCKQQLNPTFVPKRWYAIEQLPRNANGKTDIKALQQQLASQTYETSH"}}}}, "model_name": "almE", "ARO_category": {"46188": {"category_aro_name": "alm glycyltransferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46188", "category_aro_accession": "3007432", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Glycyl transferase associated with polymyxin resistance operons not interacting with lipid A."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "46184": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin resistance operon", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46184", "category_aro_accession": "3007428", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Operon or gene clusters confering resistance to polymyxin antibiotics."}, "36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}}, "ARO_name": "almE", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "almE", "ARO_id": "46189", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5929": {"model_id": "5929", "ARO_accession": "3007434", "model_param": {"40297": {"param_value": {"12842": "C:46189,C:46187,C:41538"}, "param_type_id": "40297", "param_type": "gene order", "param_description": "Spatial clusters of genes are encoded using the gene order parameter: [gene type]:[cvterm_id],[gene type]:[cvterm_id], etc. The gene type designations are: R = regulatory, C = core, A = accessory."}}, "ARO_description": "The almEFG operon is responsible for glycylation of lipid A as a mechanism of colistin resistance in Vibrio cholerae. Its mechanism involves transfer of a glycyl molecule to the carrier protein almF by almE followed by glycylation of lipid A by almG.", "model_name": "almEFG", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "46184": {"category_aro_name": "polymyxin resistance operon", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46184", "category_aro_accession": "3007428", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Operon or gene clusters confering resistance to polymyxin antibiotics."}}, "ARO_name": "almEFG", "model_type": "gene cluster meta-model", "model_description": "Gene Cluster Meta-Models (GCM) are used to curate spatial clusters of individual genes within operons, such as for glycopeptide resistance gene clusters. The individual genes will have their own individual detection models (e.g. PHM, PVM, POM, etc.) while the GCM checks to see if all the component genes of the cluster have a Strict or Perfect hit and are ordered correctly within an operon. GCMs are encoded using the gene order parameter. This model type is still under development and not currently supported by the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software.", "CARD_short_name": "almEFG", "ARO_id": "46190", "model_type_id": "40298"}, "5836": {"model_id": "5836", "ARO_accession": "3007231", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-4-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8530": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGATTTCTAGATTTAAGACGTTATCGGTTAACCAATTCACTTTCATCACTGCGTTGTTTTATGTTGCCATTTTCAATCTACCGCTCTTTGGTATAGTGCGAAAAGGAATTGAAAAACAACCAGAAGTTGATCCCCTTTTCATCGCATCTATGCCGCTATTTTTAACATTTGCGCTGAGTTTTTTGTTTTCAATTTTTACCGTCAAATACCTGCTGAAGCCCTTTTTTATCGTATTGACGTTACTTTCCTCAAGTGTATTTTTTGCAGCCTATCAATACAATGTCGTGTTTGACTACGGCATGATAGAAAACACGTTTCAAACACATCCTGCTGAAGCATTGATGTATGTAAATCTTGCATCAATTACCAATCTACTGCTGACTGGGCTATTACCGTCATATCTTATTTATAAGGCCGATATTCATTATCAGCCCTTTTTTAAGGAGTTATTGCATAAATTAGCCTTTATGCTGCTAATGTTCGTTGGCATTGGGATAGTCGCCTTTTTTTACTATCAAGATTATGCTGCATTTGTTCGAAACAACAGTGAGTTAAGGCGTTACATTGTCCCTACCTATTTTGTCAGTAGTGCATCTAAATATCTCAATGAGCACTATTTGCAGACGCCCATGGAATACCAACAACTTGGCCTAGATGCGAAGAATGCCAGTCGTAACCCGAACACTAAACCTAACTTATTAGTGTTTGTTGTGGGTGAAACTGCGCGCTCAATGAGCTATCAATATTATGGATATAACAAGCCAACCAATGCTCATACCCAAAATCAGGGGCTGATTGCGTTTAACGATACTAGCTCATGCGGCACGGCCACGGCGGTGTCTCTACCCTGTATGTTTTCACGAATGGGGCGGGCAGACTATGATCCTCGCCGTGCTAATGCTCAAGACACAGTGATTGATGTGTTAAGTCATAGTGGTATAAAAGTACAGTGGTTTGATAATGATTCTGGCTGTAAAGGTGTGTGTGATCAGGTTGAAAATCTCACGATAGATTTGAAGAGTGATCCGAAGCTGTGTTCTGGCCAATATTGTTTTGACCAAGTATTGCTCAACAAATTAGATAAAATTCTGGCAGTAGCACCAAGTCAAGATACAGTAATTTTTTTGCATATCATTGGTAGTCATGGACCAACTTATTATCTTAGATACCCGCCAGAGCATCGTAAATTTATACCGGATTGTCCGCGCAGTGATATTCAAAATTGCAGTCAAGAAGAACTGATTAACACCTACGACAACACTATTCTATATACGGATTTTATTCTCAGTGAAGTGGTGAATAAATTAAAAGGTAAGCAGGATATGTTCGATACTGCAATGCTGTATCTCTCTGACCATGGTGAGTCTTTGGGTGAAAAGGGCATGTATTTACATGGTGCGCCCTATAGTATTGCACCGAAAGAACAAACTAGCGTACCAATGCTGGCTTGGGTATCTAATGACTTTAGCCAAGATAATCAGTTGAACATGACTTGTGTTGCACAGCGAGCAGAACAGGGCGGCTTTTCCCACGACAATTTGTTCGACAGTTTGCTAGGACTTATGAATGTAAAAACCACCGTCTATCAGAGCCAACTCGATATTTTTGCACCTTGCAGGTATTAG", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MH423812.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kedougou", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "358771", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35810"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AXI82465.1", "sequence": "MISRFKTLSVNQFTFITALFYVAIFNLPLFGIVRKGIEKQPEVDPLFIASMPLFLTFALSFLFSIFTVKYLLKPFFIVLTLLSSSVFFAAYQYNVVFDYGMIENTFQTHPAEALMYVNLASITNLLLTGLLPSYLIYKADIHYQPFFKELLHKLAFMLLMFVGIGIVAFFYYQDYAAFVRNNSELRRYIVPTYFVSSASKYLNEHYLQTPMEYQQLGLDAKNASRNPNTKPNLLVFVVGETARSMSYQYYGYNKPTNAHTQNQGLIAFNDTSSCGTATAVSLPCMFSRMGRADYDPRRANAQDTVIDVLSHSGIKVQWFDNDSGCKGVCDQVENLTIDLKSDPKLCSGQYCFDQVLLNKLDKILAVAPSQDTVIFLHIIGSHGPTYYLRYPPEHRKFIPDCPRSDIQNCSQEELINTYDNTILYTDFILSEVVNKLKGKQDMFDTAMLYLSDHGESLGEKGMYLHGAPYSIAPKEQTSVPMLAWVSNDFSQDNQLNMTCVAQRAEQGGFSHDNLFDSLLGLMNVKTTVYQSQLDIFAPCRY"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-4.6", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-4.6", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-4.6", "ARO_id": "45977", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5837": {"model_id": "5837", "ARO_accession": "3007232", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8604": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTGCCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "29172", "accession": "JAAGSB010000042.1", "fmin": "27546", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_163397051.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWCRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.27", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.27", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.27", "ARO_id": "45978", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5834": {"model_id": "5834", "ARO_accession": "3007229", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8603": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTCAAGTATCTTTTATCTTTCAAACTGAACCCGGTACAACGGACCTGGGCTGCAGCATTTTTTTTCACTACAATCGGCAACATAGCACTTTGGCAAACACTATGGATTAATGTAGATGTTCATAATATACATAATCTACTTTTTTTTGTCAGTCTGCCAATATTTCTTTTCTGCTTTCTAAGTATCTTACTTACACCAGTCATGGTTATTCCATATTTATGCAGGCCTCTACTTGTAGTTCTTATTCTAATCAGTGCCTGCTGTAGTTATTTCATGATGAAATACAACATATTAATTGACCGCAGCATGGTGCAAAACTTTTTTGAGACTAATCAGGCTGAATTAACATCATACTTATCCGTTCCTTTTCTTTCCACTCTATTTCTACTTGGCATTGTACCAGCAATTATCCTGGCGTTGCCTTCAACAGACAATAAGCGGGGAGCTTTTAGAATTGAATTGTGGTGGTTGGCGCATATTTGCATAGCTGTAGTCTTATTAGCCATGGTTACCATGGTGTTTTATAAGGATTACGCATCTCTCATACGAAACAATATGCAGATTAAAGACCAAGCTTTACCTTTTAACTTTGTGCGTAATACGAATGGTTACCTTAAAAGAAAATACCAGGCATCTTCAACAATTCTACAAAGCGTGGGGGAGGATGCTGTACGTCCAATATATTCAAATTCTCCACCGAAACTGGTGGTTGTCGTCGTGGGCGAAACCGCCAGAGCACAGAATTTCCAGCTGAATGGCTATTCGCGGGTAACCAACCCCTATCTTTCCAGACGACATGATGTTATCAGTTTCAAAAATGTGTCGTCATGCGGAACGGCTACCGCAATATCACTACCCTGCATGTTCTCGCGAATGTCACGTAACGAATACAATGAAGTCCGTGCCGCATCAGAAGAAAACTTGCTGGATATCCTTAAACGTACAGGTGTTGAGGTGCTATGGCGCAACAATAACAATGGTGGTTGTAAGGGAATCTGCAAGCGAGTACCCACAGATGATATGCCGGCAATGAAAGTAATTGGGGAATGTGTTAACAAAGATGGTACATGCTTTGATGAGGTGTTATTATATCAACTCTCATCCCGAATTAATGCAATGCAGGGTGATGCGCTTATTGTTTTACATCAAATGGGCAGTCATGGACCAACATATTTTGAACGTTATCCGTCTACAAGTAAAGTCTTTAGCCCAACTTGCGACAGCAACCTGATCGAAAAATGCTCAAATAAAGAACTGGTCAATACATACGACAATACGCTAGTTTATACTGATCGTATGCTGAGCAAAACTATTGAACTGTTGCAACGTTATTCCGGGATGCGTGACGTTGCTATGATATATCTTTCTGATCATGGAGAATCGCTGGGGGAAAGCGGAATATATCTTCATGGCACACCATATATTATTGCCCCCAAGGAACAAACACACATCCCGATGTTTATGTGGTTTTCGTCTTCATTCGCGCAGCATTCCAAATTAAATCTAGAATGCCTGACCGGTAATGCCGACAAACAATACAGTCATGATAATTTTTATCATTCAATACTTGGTCTCTTCAACGTAAAAACCAGTGTATATAAACCGGAGTTAGATATGTTTACTCTATGTCGACAATCTGACCACACACCACTGTCTTCCGCAGTTGTAAGAGAGAAAACAGATGGGAATGGTTAG", "fmax": "176541", "accession": "CP047337.1", "fmin": "174843", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QIF88262.1", "sequence": "MFKYLLSFKLNPVQRTWAAAFFFTTIGNIALWQTLWINVDVHNIHNLLFFVSLPIFLFCFLSILLTPVMVIPYLCRPLLVVLILISACCSYFMMKYNILIDRSMVQNFFETNQAELTSYLSVPFLSTLFLLGIVPAIILALPSTDNKRGAFRIELWWLAHICIAVVLLAMVTMVFYKDYASLIRNNMQIKDQALPFNFVRNTNGYLKRKYQASSTILQSVGEDAVRPIYSNSPPKLVVVVVGETARAQNFQLNGYSRVTNPYLSRRHDVISFKNVSSCGTATAISLPCMFSRMSRNEYNEVRAASEENLLDILKRTGVEVLWRNNNNGGCKGICKRVPTDDMPAMKVIGECVNKDGTCFDEVLLYQLSSRINAMQGDALIVLHQMGSHGPTYFERYPSTSKVFSPTCDSNLIEKCSNKELVNTYDNTLVYTDRMLSKTIELLQRYSGMRDVAMIYLSDHGESLGESGIYLHGTPYIIAPKEQTHIPMFMWFSSSFAQHSKLNLECLTGNADKQYSHDNFYHSILGLFNVKTSVYKPELDMFTLCRQSDHTPLSSAVVREKTDGNG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-8.2", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-8.2", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-8.2", "ARO_id": "45975", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5835": {"model_id": "5835", "ARO_accession": "3007230", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8529": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATACAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MZ450868.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_231236808.1", "sequence": "MIQHTSVWYRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.34", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.34", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.34", "ARO_id": "45976", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5832": {"model_id": "5832", "ARO_accession": "3007227", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8526": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTCAAGTATCTTTTATCTTTCAAACTGAACCCGGTACAACGGACCTGGGCTGCAGCATTTTTTTTCACTACAATCGGCAACATAGCACTTTGGCAAACACTATGGATTAATGTAGATGTTCATAATATACATAATCTACTTTTTTTTGCCAGTCTGCCAATATTTCTTTTCTGCTTTCTAAGTATCTTACTTACACCAGTCATGGTTATTCCATATTTATGCAGGCCTCTACTTGTAGTTCTTATTCTAATCAGTGCCTGCTGTAGTTATTTCATGATGAAATACAACATATTAATTGACCGCAGCATGGTGCAAAACTTTTTTGAGACTAATCAGGCTGAATTAACATCATACTTATCCGTTCCTTTTCTTTCCACTCTATTTCTACTTGGCATTGTACCAGCAATTATCCTGGCGTTGCCTTCAACAGACAATAAGCGGGGAGCTTTTAGAATTGAATTGTGGTGGTTGGCGCATATTTGCATAGCTGTAGTCTTATTAGCCATGGTTACCATGGTGTTTTATAAGGATTACGCATCTCTCATACGAAACAATATGCAGATTAAAGACCAGGCTTTACCTTTTAACTTTGTGCGTAATACGAATGGTTACCTTAAAAGAAAATACCAGGCATCTTCAACAATTCTACAAAGCGTGGGGGAGGATGCTGTACGTCCAATATATTCAAATGCTCCACCGAAACTGGTGGTTGTCGTCGTGGGCGAAACCGCCAGAGCACAGAATTTCCAGCTGAATGGCTATTCGCGGGTAACCAACCCCTATCTTTCCAGACGACATGATGTTATCAGTTTCAAAAATGTGTCGTCATGCGGAACGGCTACCGCAATATCACTACCCTGCATGTTCTCGCGAATGTCACGTAACGAATACAATGAAGTCCGTGCCGCATCAGAAGAAAACTTGCTGGATATCCTTAAACGTACAGGTGTTGAGGTGCTATGGCGCAACAATAACAATGGTGGTTGTAAGGGAATCTGCAAGCGAGTACCCACAGATGATATGCCGGCAATGAAAGTAATTGGGGAATGTGTTAACAAAGATGGTACATGCTTTGATGAGGTGTTATTAAATCAACTCTCATCCCGAATTAATGCAATGCAGGGTGATGCGCTTATTGTTTTACATCAAATGGGCAGTCATGGACCAAAATATTTTGAACGTTATCCGTCTACAAGTAAAGTCTTTAGCCCAACTTGCGACAGCAACCTGATCGAAAAATGCTCAAATAAAGAACTGGTCAATACATACGACAATACGCTAGTTTATACTGATCGTATGCTGAGCAAAACTATTGAACTGTTGCAACGTTATTCCGGGATGCGTGACGTTGCTATGATATATCTTTCTGATCATGGAGAATCGCTGGGGGAAAGCGGAATATATCTTCATGGCACACCATATATTATTGCCCCCAATGAACAAACACACATCCCGATGTTTATGTGGTTTTCGTCTTCATTCGCGCAGCATTCCAAATTAAATCTAGAATGCCTGACCGGTAATGCCGACAAACAATACAGTCATGATAATTTTTATCATTCAATACTTGGTCTCTTCAACGTAAAAACCAGTGTATATAAACCGGAGTTAGATATGTTTACTCTATGTCGACAATCTGACCACACACCACTGTCTTCCGCAGTTGTAAGAGAGAAAACAGATGGGAATGGTTAG", "fmax": "1698", "accession": "MH598530.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_150823497.1", "sequence": "MFKYLLSFKLNPVQRTWAAAFFFTTIGNIALWQTLWINVDVHNIHNLLFFASLPIFLFCFLSILLTPVMVIPYLCRPLLVVLILISACCSYFMMKYNILIDRSMVQNFFETNQAELTSYLSVPFLSTLFLLGIVPAIILALPSTDNKRGAFRIELWWLAHICIAVVLLAMVTMVFYKDYASLIRNNMQIKDQALPFNFVRNTNGYLKRKYQASSTILQSVGEDAVRPIYSNAPPKLVVVVVGETARAQNFQLNGYSRVTNPYLSRRHDVISFKNVSSCGTATAISLPCMFSRMSRNEYNEVRAASEENLLDILKRTGVEVLWRNNNNGGCKGICKRVPTDDMPAMKVIGECVNKDGTCFDEVLLNQLSSRINAMQGDALIVLHQMGSHGPKYFERYPSTSKVFSPTCDSNLIEKCSNKELVNTYDNTLVYTDRMLSKTIELLQRYSGMRDVAMIYLSDHGESLGESGIYLHGTPYIIAPNEQTHIPMFMWFSSSFAQHSKLNLECLTGNADKQYSHDNFYHSILGLFNVKTSVYKPELDMFTLCRQSDHTPLSSAVVREKTDGNG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-8.3", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-8.3", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-8.3", "ARO_id": "45973", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5833": {"model_id": "5833", "ARO_accession": "3007228", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-8-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8527": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTTCAAGTATCTTTTATCTTTCAAACTGAACCCGGTACAACGGACCTGGGCTGCAGCATTTTTTTTCACTACAATCGGCAACATAGCACTTTGGCAAACACTATGGATTAATGTAGATGTTCATAATATACATAATCTACTTTTTTTTGCCAGTCTGCCAATATTTCTTTTCTGCTTTCTAAGTATCTTACTTACACCAGTCATGGTTATTCCATATTTATGCAGGCCTCTACTTGTAGTTCTTATTCTAATCAGTGCCTGCTGTAGTTATTTCATGATGAAATACAACATATTAATTGACCGCAGCATGGTGCAAAACTTTTTTGAGACTAATCAGGCTGAATTAACATCATACTTATCCGTTCCTTTTCTTTCCACTCTATTTCTACTTGGCATTGTACCAGCAATTATCCTGGCGTTGCCTTCAACAGACAATAAGCGGGGAGCTTTTAGAATTGAATTGTGGTGGTTGGCGCATATTTGCATAGCTGTAGTCTTATTAGCCATGGTTACCATGGTGTTTTATAAGGATTACGCATCTCTCATACGAAACAATATGCAGATTAAAGACCAGGCTTTACCTTTTAACTTTGTGCGTAATACGAATGGTTACCTTAAAAGAAAATACCAGGCATCTTCAACAATTCTACAAAGCGTGGGGGAGGATGCTGTACGTCCAATATATTCAAATGCTCCACCGAAACTGGTGGTTGTCGTCGTGGGCGAAACCGCCAGAGCACAGAATTTCCAGCTGAATGGCTATTCGCGGGTAACCAACCCCTATCTTTCCAGACGACATGATGTTATCAGTTTCAAAAATGTGTCGTCATGCGGAACGGCTACCGCAATATCACTACCCTGCATGTTCTCGCGAATGTCACGTAACGAATACAATGAAGTCCGTGCCGCATCAGAAGAAAACTTGCTGGATATCCTTAAACGTACAGGTGTTGAGGTGCTATGGCGCAACAATAACAATGGTGGTTGTAAGGGAATCTGCAAGCGAGTACCCACAGATGATATGCCGGCAATGAAAGTAATTGGGGAATGTGTTAACAAAGATGGTACATGCTTTGATGAGGTGTTATTAAATCAACTCTCATCCCGAATTAATGCAATGCAGGGTGATGCGCTTATTGTTTTACATCAAATGGGCAGTCATGGACCAACATATTTTGAACGTTATCCGTCTACAAGTAAAGTCTTTCGCCCAACTTGCGACAGCAACCTGATCGAAAAATGCTCAAATAAAGAACTGGTCAATACATACGACAATACGCTAGTTTATACTGATCGTATGCTGAGCAAAACTATTGAACTGTTGCAACGTTATTCCGGGATGCGTGACGTTGCTATGATATATCTTTCTGATCATGGAGAATCGCTGGGGGAAAGCGGAATATATCTTCATGGCACACCATATATTATTGCCCCCAATGAACAAACACACATCCCGATGTTTATGTGGTTTTCGTCTTCATTCGCGCAGCATTCCAAATTAAATCTAGAATGCCTGACCGGTAATGCCGACAAACAATACAGTCATGATAATTTTTATCATTCAATACTTGGTCTCTTCAACGTAAAAACCAGTGTATATAAACCGGAGTTAGATATGTTTACTCTATGTCGACAATCTGACCACACACCACTGTCTTCCGCAGTTGTAAGAGAGAAAACAGATGGGAATGGTTAG", "fmax": "1698", "accession": "MH791448.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Raoultella ornithinolytica", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "54291", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "45686"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_118860654.1", "sequence": "MFKYLLSFKLNPVQRTWAAAFFFTTIGNIALWQTLWINVDVHNIHNLLFFASLPIFLFCFLSILLTPVMVIPYLCRPLLVVLILISACCSYFMMKYNILIDRSMVQNFFETNQAELTSYLSVPFLSTLFLLGIVPAIILALPSTDNKRGAFRIELWWLAHICIAVVLLAMVTMVFYKDYASLIRNNMQIKDQALPFNFVRNTNGYLKRKYQASSTILQSVGEDAVRPIYSNAPPKLVVVVVGETARAQNFQLNGYSRVTNPYLSRRHDVISFKNVSSCGTATAISLPCMFSRMSRNEYNEVRAASEENLLDILKRTGVEVLWRNNNNGGCKGICKRVPTDDMPAMKVIGECVNKDGTCFDEVLLNQLSSRINAMQGDALIVLHQMGSHGPTYFERYPSTSKVFRPTCDSNLIEKCSNKELVNTYDNTLVYTDRMLSKTIELLQRYSGMRDVAMIYLSDHGESLGESGIYLHGTPYIIAPNEQTHIPMFMWFSSSFAQHSKLNLECLTGNADKQYSHDNFYHSILGLFNVKTSVYKPELDMFTLCRQSDHTPLSSAVVREKTDGNG"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-8.4", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-8.4", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-8.4", "ARO_id": "45974", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5838": {"model_id": "5838", "ARO_accession": "3007233", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8532": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGGACCGACGCTCGGTCAGTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGCTGACGATCGCTGTCGTGCTCTTTGGCGCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGCTGTTATCATCGTATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGCCTGTGTTGATTTTGCTATTAATCATGGGCGCGGTGACCAGTTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTTGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "12513", "accession": "PGLM01000025.1", "fmin": "10887", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_106743337.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWDRRSVSPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVLTIAVVLFGAMLLITTLLSSYRYVLKPVLILLLIMGAVTSYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.18", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.18", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.18", "ARO_id": "45979", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5839": {"model_id": "5839", "ARO_accession": "3007234", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1000", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "An MCR-1-type colistin resistance gene variant.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8533": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGATGCAGCATACTTCTGTGTGGTACCGACGCTCGGTCATTCCGTTTGTTCTTGTGGCGAGTGTTGCCGTTTTCTTGACCGCGACCGCCAATCTTACCTTTTTTGATAAAATCAGCCAAACCTATCCCATCGCGGACAATCTCGGCTTTGTGATGACAATCGCTGTCTTGCTCTTTGGTCCGATGCTACTGATCACCACGATGTTATCATCGCATCGCTATGTGCTAAAGACTGTGTTGATTTTGCTCTTAATCATGGACGCGGTGACCAATTATTTTACTGACACTTATGGCACGGTCTATGATACGACCATGCTCCAAAATGCCCTACAGACCGACCAAGCCGAGACCAAGGATCTATTAAACGCAGCGTTTATCATGCGTATCATTGGTTTGGGTGTGCTACCAAGTTTGCTNGTGGCTTTTGTTAAGGTGGATTATCCGACTTGGGGCAAGGGTTTGATGCGCCGATTGGGCTTGATCGTGGCAAGTCTTGCGCTGATTTTACTGCCTGTGGTGGCGTTCAGCAGTCATTATGCCAGTTTCTTTCGCGTGCATAAGCCGCTGCGTAGCTATGTCAATCCGATCATGCCAATCTACTCGGTGGGTAAGCTTGCCAGTATTGAGTATAAAAAAGCCAGTGCGCCAAAAGATACCATTTATCACGCCAAAGACGCGGTACAAGCAACCAAGCCTGATATGCGTAAGCCACGCCTAGTGGTGTTCGTCGTCGGTGAGACGGCACGCGCCGATCATGTCAGCTTCAATGGCTATGAGCGCGATACTTTCCCACAGCTTGCCAAGATCGATGGCGTGACCAATTTTAGCAATGTCACATCGTGCGGCACATCGACGGCGTATTCTGTGCCGTGTATGTTCAGCTATCTGGGCGCGGATGAGTATGATGTCGATACCGCCAAATACCAAGAAAATGTGCTGGATACGCTGGATCGCTTGGGCGTAAGTATCTTGTGGCGTGATAATAATTCGGACTCAAAAGGCGTGATGGATAAGCTGCCAAAAGCGCAATTTGCCGATTATAAATCCGCGACCAACAACGCCATCTGCAACACCAATCCTTATAACGAATGCCGCGATGTCGGTATGCTCGTTGGCTTAGATGACTTTGTCGCTGCCAATAACGGCAAAGATATGCTGATCATGCTGCACCAAATGGGCAATCACGGGCCTGCGTATTTTAAGCGATATGATGAAAAGTTTGCCAAATTCACGCCAGTGTGTGAAGGTAATGAGCTTGCCAAGTGCGAACATCAGTCCTTGATCAATGCTTATGACAATGCCTTGCTTGCCACCGATGATTTCATCGCTCAAAGTATCCAGTGGCTGCAGACGCACAGCAATGCCTATGATGTCTCAATGCTGTATGTCAGCGATCATGGCGAAAGTCTGGGTGAGAACGGTGTCTATCTACATGGTATGCCAAATGCCTTTGCACCAAAAGAACAGCGCAGTGTGCCTGCATTTTTCTGGACGGATAAGCAAACTGGCATCACGCCAATGGCAACCGATACCGTCCTGACCCATGACGCGATCACGCCGACATTATTAAAGCTGTTTGATGTCACCGCGGACAAAGTCAAAGACCGCACCGCATTCATCCGCTGA", "fmax": "1626", "accession": "MN873697.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Salmonella enterica", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "28901", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35672"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_160164897.1", "sequence": "MMQHTSVWYRRSVIPFVLVASVAVFLTATANLTFFDKISQTYPIADNLGFVMTIAVLLFGPMLLITTMLSSHRYVLKTVLILLLIMDAVTNYFTDTYGTVYDTTMLQNALQTDQAETKDLLNAAFIMRIIGLGVLPSLLVAFVKVDYPTWGKGLMRRLGLIVASLALILLPVVAFSSHYASFFRVHKPLRSYVNPIMPIYSVGKLASIEYKKASAPKDTIYHAKDAVQATKPDMRKPRLVVFVVGETARADHVSFNGYERDTFPQLAKIDGVTNFSNVTSCGTSTAYSVPCMFSYLGADEYDVDTAKYQENVLDTLDRLGVSILWRDNNSDSKGVMDKLPKAQFADYKSATNNAICNTNPYNECRDVGMLVGLDDFVAANNGKDMLIMLHQMGNHGPAYFKRYDEKFAKFTPVCEGNELAKCEHQSLINAYDNALLATDDFIAQSIQWLQTHSNAYDVSMLYVSDHGESLGENGVYLHGMPNAFAPKEQRSVPAFFWTDKQTGITPMATDTVLTHDAITPTLLKLFDVTADKVKDRTAFIR"}}}}, "model_name": "MCR-1.23", "ARO_category": {"36192": {"category_aro_name": "peptide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36192", "category_aro_accession": "3000053", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Peptide antibiotics have a wide range of antibacterial mechanisms, depending on the amino acids that make up the antibiotic, although most act to disrupt the cell membrane in some manner. Subclasses of peptide antibiotics can include additional sidechains of other types, such as lipids in the case of the lipopeptide antibiotics."}, "41432": {"category_aro_name": "MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41432", "category_aro_accession": "3004268", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A group of mobile colistin resistance genes encode the MCR family of phosphoethanolamine transferases, which catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine onto lipid A, thus interfering with the binding of colistin to the cell membrane."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "36968": {"category_aro_name": "colistin B", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36968", "category_aro_accession": "3000624", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin B, or polymyxin E2, has a 6-heptanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}, "36966": {"category_aro_name": "colistin A", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36966", "category_aro_accession": "3000622", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Colistin A, or polymyxin E1, has a 6-octanoic acid lipid tail. Polymyxins disrupt the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria."}}, "ARO_name": "MCR-1.23", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "MCR-1.23", "ARO_id": "45980", "model_type_id": "40292"}}}