{"$update": {"3834": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12888": "G279V,L436P", "12889": "P92S,S315T", "12886": "S315T,V581G", "12887": "S315T,G466R", "12884": "T275A,S315T", "12885": "S211G,S315T", "12882": "C20R,S315T", "12883": "S134S,T308P", "12890": "V431A,G490S"}}}}}}}, "1176": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["10004", "10005", "10006", "10008", "10009", "8868", "10013", "10011"], "$insert": {"12877": "S315T,V581G", "12876": "S211G,S315T", "12875": "C20R,S315T", "12874": "M126I,R496L", "12879": "G279V,L436P", "12878": "S315T,G466R", "12880": "P92S,S315T", "12881": "V431A,G490S"}}}}}}}}, "3836": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12895": "R239Q,S266R", "12894": "S266R,P454L", "12896": "Q246R,L446P", "12891": "I161V,G324R", "12893": "S266R,M373T", "12892": "Q254P,S266R"}}}}}}}, "1138": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "700"}}}}}}, "3795": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "400"}}}}}}, "3340": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(6')-I-43 (aacA43) is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by integrons found in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloaecae.", "CARD_short_name": "AAC(6')-I-43", "model_name": "AAC(6')-I-43", "ARO_name": "AAC(6')-I-43"}}, "_version": "3.2.7", "1737": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"8650": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "GTGAATGGACCAATAATAATGACTAGAGAAGAAAGAATGAAGATTGTTCATGAAATTAAGGAACGAATATTGGATAAATATGGGGATGATGTTAAGGCTATTGGTGTTTATGGCTCTCTTGGTCGTCAGACTGATGGGCCCTATTCGGATATTGAGATGATGTGTGTCATGTCAACAGAGGAAGCAGAGTTCAGCCATGAATGGACAACCGGTGAGTGGAAGGTGGAAGTGAATTTTGATAGCGAAGAGATTCTACTAGATTATGCATCTCAGGTGGAATCAGATTGGCCGCTTACACATGGTCAATTTTTCTCTATTTTGCCGATTTATGATTCAGGTGGATACTTAGAGAAAGTGTATCAAACTGCTAAATCGGTAGAAGCCCAAAAGTTCCACGATGCGATTTGTGCCCTTATCGTAGAAGAGCTGTTTGAATATGCAGGCAAATGGCGTAATATTCGTGTGCAAGGACCGACAACATTTCTACCATCCTTGACTGTACAGGTAGCAATGGCAGGTGCCATGTTGATTGGTCTGCATCATCGCATCTGTTATACGACGAGCGCTTCGGTCTTAACTGAAGCAGTTAAGCAATCAGATCTTCCTTCAGGTTATGACCATCTGTGCCAGTTCGTAATGTCTGGTCAACTTTCCGACTCTGAGAAACTTCTGGAATCGCTAGAGAATTTCTGGAATGGGATTCAGGAGTGGACAGAACGACACGGATATATAGTGGATGTGTCAAAACGCATACCATTTTGA", "fmax": "1002", "accession": "K02551.1", "fmin": "240", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Plasmid pTB913", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "2641", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46192"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAA92254.1", "sequence": "MNGPIIMTREERMKIVHEIKERILDKYGDDVKAIGVYGSLGRQTDGPYSDIEMMCVMSTEEAEFSHEWTTGEWKVEVNFDSEEILLDYASQVESDWPLTHGQFFSILPIYDSGGYLEKVYQTAKSVEAQKFHDAICALIVEELFEYAGKWRNIRVQGPTTFLPSLTVQVAMAGAMLIGLHHRICYTTSASVLTEAVKQSDLPSGYDHLCQFVMSGQLSDSEKLLESLENFWNGIQEWTERHGYIVDVSKRIPF"}}}}}}}, "5750": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12897": "V148I,V149F"}}}}}}}, "2037": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"blastp_bit_score": {"$update": {"param_value": "1200"}}}}}}, "5752": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"$delete": ["12361", "12360", "12349", "12359", "12355", "12350", "12351", "12356", "12357", "12346"], "$insert": {"12899": "D91N,V77A", "12898": "N87K,H57Y", "12907": "S63P,R130K", "12906": "D91N,R130K", "12905": "N87K,D91N,V172I", "12904": "S63P,N87K,P188S", "12903": "S63P,D91N", "12902": "N87A,A88N,V65I", "12901": "D91Y,A97V", "12900": "D91N,A97V"}}}}}}}}, "2383": {"$update": {"model_sequences": {"$update": {"sequence": {"8651": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAATATGAATGGACCTGCATCAATGGCGCAAAAAGAAAGACTTCAAACTTGCCAAGAAATTGCCAAGAGATTACACGAGGTTTATGGCAACGACGTTCTCGCCATTGGCGTCTACGGTTCTGTGTCCAGAGGCACAGATGGCCCTTTCTCAGATATTGAGATGTTTTGCGTACTCCGTGACTCGGCTGAAACGGTAGATAAAAGTTATGAATGGTCAGCTGGACCGTGGAAAGCGGAAGTTAACGTTTGCAGTGCGAGTATACTGTTAAAAGACGCTGCAACCGTTGAAGACCGATGGCCGCTGACACATGGGCCTTACTTCTCTCCGCTTCGTCTCTATGATCCTGAAGGCTTCTTTCAACGCTTGCGGCTCGCAGCGGAATCGCCGACAAAAGAAGATTTCCGCCAAGCTATTCATGAAATTCTTGTAGGGGAAATGTATGAATATGTTGGCAAGCTTCGAAATGTAAATCGAAATGGCCCTTCTACCTACTTGCCATCCTTGGCATTGCGCTTTGCCCACTATGGCGCAATGTTGATCGGCCTCCACAATCAGACACTCTTTTCTACGGGCGCTATGGTTTTGCCTGAAGCGCTGAAACTGCCGCATCGGCCAAAAGGGTTCGACCATGTTGCTGAGTTAGCGATGTCTGGAGACTTAGCACAACCAGCGAAGATCGTGTCAGCGTGCGAAGATTTCTGGAAAGGCCTAGTCGCGTGGGCAGCGGAGCATGATTACGTCATTCACTCAAAACGAATCCCGTTTTGA", "fmax": "985", "accession": "EF540343.1", "fmin": "214", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Alkalihalobacillus clausii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "79880", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36882"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "AAO83986.1", "sequence": "MNMNGPASMAQKERLQTCQEIAKRLHEVYGNDVLAIGVYGSVSRGTDGPFSDIEMFCVLRDSAETVDKSYEWSAGPWKAEVNVCSASILLKDAATVEDRWPLTHGPYFSPLRLYDPEGFFQRLRLAAESPTKEDFRQAIHEILVGEMYEYVGKLRNVNRNGPSTYLPSLALRFAHYGAMLIGLHNQTLFSTGAMVLPEALKLPHRPKGFDHVAELAMSGDLAQPAKIVSACEDFWKGLVAWAAEHDYVIHSKRIPF"}}}}}}}, "2395": {"$update": {"ARO_category": {"$delete": ["41422"], "$insert": {"36480": {"category_aro_name": "AAC(2')", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36480", "category_aro_accession": "3000341", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "A category of aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase enzymes with modification regiospecificity based at the 2'-amino group of the respective antibiotic. These enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics through acetylation of the 2-amino group of the compound."}}}}}, "1321": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "A foreign PBP2a acquired by lateral gene transfer that is able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams."}}, "3837": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12909": "R239Q,S266R", "12908": "S266R,P454L", "12910": "Q246R,L446P", "12911": "I161V,G324R", "12912": "S266R,M373T", "12913": "Q254P,S266R"}}}}}}}, "1005": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12870": "T38S,G74R"}}}}}}}, "3338": {"$update": {"ARO_description": "AAC(6')-I-48 (AAC(6')-Iag) is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.", "CARD_short_name": "AAC(6')-I-48", "model_name": "AAC(6')-I-48", "ARO_name": "AAC(6')-I-48"}}, "2372": {"$update": {"model_param": {"$update": {"40330": {"$update": {"param_value": {"12873": "E448K,G302D", "12872": "E448K,Q444E,E443Q,L297F", "12871": "E448K,G33R"}}}}}}}, "_timestamp": "2023-05-25T23:37:10+00:00"}, "$delete": ["3879"], "$insert": {"5946": {"model_id": "5946", "ARO_accession": "3007454", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "475", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "TEM-245 is a TEM class A beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8668": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTATTCAACATTTTCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGTGCGGTATTATCCCGTGTTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCTGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAATCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGCAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA", "fmax": "861", "accession": "OM617737.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ULU82600.1", "sequence": "MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLPVFAHPETLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRVDAGQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLLLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWESELNEAIPNDERDTTMPAAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW"}}}}, "model_name": "TEM-245", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36023": {"category_aro_name": "TEM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36023", "category_aro_accession": "3000014", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "TEM-1 is the most commonly-encountered beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1. Also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae in increasing numbers. Although TEM-type beta-lactamases are most often found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, they are also found in other species of gram-negative bacteria with increasing frequency. The amino acid substitutions responsible for the ESBL phenotype cluster around the active site of the enzyme and change its configuration, allowing access to oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates. Opening the active site to beta-lactam substrates also typically enhances the susceptibility of the enzyme to b-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid.  Although the inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases are not ESBLs, they are often discussed with ESBLs because they are also derivatives of the classical TEM- or SHV-type enzymes. These enzymes were at first given the designation IRT for inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamase; however, all have subsequently been renamed with numerical TEM designations. There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii. Although the inhibitor-resistant TEM variants are resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid and sulbactam, thereby showing clinical resistance to the beta-lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin/sulbactam, they normally remain susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and subsequently the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, although resistance has been described."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}, "ARO_name": "TEM-245", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "TEM-245", "ARO_id": "46216", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5947": {"model_id": "5947", "ARO_accession": "3007456", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "200", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "dfrL is a gene encoding a trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) identified in Staphylococcus aureus.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8669": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGGTGAGAATATAGAAGGTCGATGTTGTCAGGAGTTGAGGAAGCCGTATATGACTTTTGTTTGGGCTGAAGATAGTAATGGCTTAATTGGAAGTTCAGGTGATCTGCCTTGGAATTTACCATTAGATATGAAGCATTTTAAAAACGTAACGATGGATGACGTCGTGGTTATGGGAAGAAAAACATACGAAAGTATCCCAGTACGTCCGCTGAAAAATCGTATCAATATCGTTTTAACAAACAATAAATCCTATGTAGCTGATGGTGCTATTGTGTGTCATAGTAAAGAAGATGTGTTAAATTATTTAAAGGAAAACAAGATTGAAAAACCGATTCATGTCATTGGGGGAATCTCAGCTTTTGAGATGTTCAAAGACGAGGTAAACATCTTGCATCGAACAATTATCGATGAAACCTTTGAAGGTGACACGTACATGCCTGAAATTGACTATAAATATTTTCGTTGTATCGATATAGCAGACGGAGTTGTCGATGAAAAGAATAAATACCCTCATCGATTCTTAGTCTACGAACGCAAGAAATTTATCGACCTTATGGATTATGGTGGATTATTGGAATGA", "fmax": "3451", "accession": "CAIIKR010000012.1", "fmin": "2869", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Staphylococcus aureus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1280", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35508"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CAC8536249.1", "sequence": "MGENIEGRCCQELRKPYMTFVWAEDSNGLIGSSGDLPWNLPLDMKHFKNVTMDDVVVMGRKTYESIPVRPLKNRINIVLTNNKSYVADGAIVCHSKEDVLNYLKENKIEKPIHVIGGISAFEMFKDEVNILHRTIIDETFEGDTYMPEIDYKYFRCIDIADGVVDEKNKYPHRFLVYERKKFIDLMDYGGLLE"}}}}, "model_name": "dfrL", "ARO_category": {"36476": {"category_aro_name": "iclaprim", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36476", "category_aro_accession": "3000337", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Iclaprim is a bactericidal compound that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. It is used against clinically important Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus."}, "36327": {"category_aro_name": "trimethoprim", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36327", "category_aro_accession": "3000188", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Trimethoprim is a synthetic 5-(3,4,5- trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleotide thymidine. Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections in combination with sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic."}, "36310": {"category_aro_name": "diaminopyrimidine antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36310", "category_aro_accession": "3000171", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Diaminopyrimidines are a class of organic compounds containing a pyrimidine ring substituted by two amine groups.  They are inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme critical for DNA synthesis."}, "35998": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target replacement", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35998", "category_aro_accession": "0001002", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Replacement or substitution of antibiotic action target, which process will result in antibiotic resistance."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}, "35958": {"category_aro_name": "streptomycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35958", "category_aro_accession": "0000040", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Streptomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "35935": {"category_aro_name": "aminoglycoside antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35935", "category_aro_accession": "0000016", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Aminoglycosides are a group of antibiotics that are mostly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules consist of aminated sugars attached to a dibasic cyclitol. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}, "37617": {"category_aro_name": "trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37617", "category_aro_accession": "3001218", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Alternative dihydropteroate synthase dfr present on plasmids produces alternate proteins that are less sensitive to trimethoprim from inhibiting its role in folate synthesis, thus conferring trimethoprim resistance."}, "35968": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35968", "category_aro_accession": "0000051", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by many Streptomyces. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome."}, "35969": {"category_aro_name": "tobramycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35969", "category_aro_accession": "0000052", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Tobramycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth."}}, "ARO_name": "dfrL", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "dfrL", "ARO_id": "46219", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5944": {"model_id": "5944", "ARO_accession": "3007453", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "TEM-244 is a TEM beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8666": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGCAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTGTTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGCAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA", "fmax": "861", "accession": "MZ026156.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QWY17601.1", "sequence": "MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLPVFAHPATLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRVDAGQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLLLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWEPELNEAIPNDERDTTMPAAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW"}}}}, "model_name": "TEM-244", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36023": {"category_aro_name": "TEM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36023", "category_aro_accession": "3000014", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "TEM-1 is the most commonly-encountered beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1. Also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae in increasing numbers. Although TEM-type beta-lactamases are most often found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, they are also found in other species of gram-negative bacteria with increasing frequency. The amino acid substitutions responsible for the ESBL phenotype cluster around the active site of the enzyme and change its configuration, allowing access to oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates. Opening the active site to beta-lactam substrates also typically enhances the susceptibility of the enzyme to b-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid.  Although the inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases are not ESBLs, they are often discussed with ESBLs because they are also derivatives of the classical TEM- or SHV-type enzymes. These enzymes were at first given the designation IRT for inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamase; however, all have subsequently been renamed with numerical TEM designations. There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii. Although the inhibitor-resistant TEM variants are resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid and sulbactam, thereby showing clinical resistance to the beta-lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin/sulbactam, they normally remain susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and subsequently the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, although resistance has been described."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}, "ARO_name": "TEM-244", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "TEM-244", "ARO_id": "46215", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5945": {"model_id": "5945", "ARO_accession": "3007452", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "498", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-99 is a KPC class A beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8667": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACAGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "882", "accession": "OK086803.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UBJ91320.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDSWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-99", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-99", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-99", "ARO_id": "46214", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5942": {"model_id": "5942", "ARO_accession": "3007450", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-98 is a KPC beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8664": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCACTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGTACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "882", "accession": "MZ893466.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UAZ57792.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDHWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKYSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-98", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-98", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-98", "ARO_id": "46211", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5943": {"model_id": "5943", "ARO_accession": "3007451", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "490", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "TEM-247 is a TEM class A beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8665": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAGCTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGTGCGGTATTATCCCGTGTTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTATTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACCCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGCAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGATCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA", "fmax": "861", "accession": "ON651488.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas alloputida", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1940621", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46213"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UTS94241.1", "sequence": "MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLPVFAHPETLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRVDAGQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLFLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWEPELNEAIPNDERDTTMPAAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW"}}}}, "model_name": "TEM-247", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36023": {"category_aro_name": "TEM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36023", "category_aro_accession": "3000014", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "TEM-1 is the most commonly-encountered beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1. Also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae in increasing numbers. Although TEM-type beta-lactamases are most often found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, they are also found in other species of gram-negative bacteria with increasing frequency. The amino acid substitutions responsible for the ESBL phenotype cluster around the active site of the enzyme and change its configuration, allowing access to oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates. Opening the active site to beta-lactam substrates also typically enhances the susceptibility of the enzyme to b-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid.  Although the inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases are not ESBLs, they are often discussed with ESBLs because they are also derivatives of the classical TEM- or SHV-type enzymes. These enzymes were at first given the designation IRT for inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamase; however, all have subsequently been renamed with numerical TEM designations. There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii. Although the inhibitor-resistant TEM variants are resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid and sulbactam, thereby showing clinical resistance to the beta-lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin/sulbactam, they normally remain susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and subsequently the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, although resistance has been described."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}, "ARO_name": "TEM-247", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "TEM-247", "ARO_id": "46212", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5940": {"model_id": "5940", "ARO_accession": "3007448", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "475", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "TEM-246 is a class A TEM beta-lactamase found in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8661": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGTATTCAACATTTTCGTGTCGCCCTTATTCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCATGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGTTGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTTCCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGTGCGGTATTATCCCGTGTTGACGCCTGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCGCCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAAGAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCTGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAGGAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCATACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGCAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTACTCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCGGCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGGTAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGATAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAA", "fmax": "861", "accession": "OM617738.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "485", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36806"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ULU82601.1", "sequence": "MSIQHFRVALIPFFAAFCLHVFAHPETLVKVKDAEDQLGARVGYIELDLNSGKILESFRPEERFPMMSTFKVLLCGAVLSRVDAWQEQLGRRIHYSQNDLVEYSPVTEKHLTDGMTVRELCSAAITMSDNTAANLLLTTIGGPKELTAFLHNMGDHVTRLDRWEPELNEAIPNDERDTTMPAAMATTLRKLLTGELLTLASRQQLIDWMEADKVAGPLLRSALPAGWFIADKSGAGERGSRGIIAALGPDGKPSRIVVIYTTGSQATMDERNRQIAEIGASLIKHW"}}}}, "model_name": "TEM-246", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36023": {"category_aro_name": "TEM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36023", "category_aro_accession": "3000014", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "TEM-1 is the most commonly-encountered beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. Up to 90% of ampicillin resistance in E. coli is due to the production of TEM-1. Also responsible for the ampicillin and penicillin resistance that is seen in H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae in increasing numbers. Although TEM-type beta-lactamases are most often found in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, they are also found in other species of gram-negative bacteria with increasing frequency. The amino acid substitutions responsible for the ESBL phenotype cluster around the active site of the enzyme and change its configuration, allowing access to oxyimino-beta-lactam substrates. Opening the active site to beta-lactam substrates also typically enhances the susceptibility of the enzyme to b-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid.  Although the inhibitor-resistant beta-lactamases are not ESBLs, they are often discussed with ESBLs because they are also derivatives of the classical TEM- or SHV-type enzymes. These enzymes were at first given the designation IRT for inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamase; however, all have subsequently been renamed with numerical TEM designations. There are at least 19 distinct inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases. Inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases have been found mainly in clinical isolates of E. coli, but also some strains of K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, P. mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii. Although the inhibitor-resistant TEM variants are resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid and sulbactam, thereby showing clinical resistance to the beta-lactam-lactamase inhibitor combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Co-amoxiclav), ticarcillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin/sulbactam, they normally remain susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and subsequently the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam, although resistance has been described."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}}, "ARO_name": "TEM-246", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "TEM-246", "ARO_id": "46209", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5941": {"model_id": "5941", "ARO_accession": "3007449", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-97 is a KPC class A beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8663": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCAACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "897", "accession": "OK086971.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UAY85937.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVNSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-97", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-97", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-97", "ARO_id": "46210", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5948": {"model_id": "5948", "ARO_accession": "3007459", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "600", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "EstT is a gene encoding for a serine-dependent macrolide alpha/beta-hydrolase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8670": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAAAAACTACTTTGGATATTAATTTTAGGACTGATAATAATCAGTTGCAAACAAAGGAAAACAGAAATGAAAGAGAAAATAATTAAAACAAACGGCATTGAACTCTGTACGGAAAGTTTTGGAAATAAGAAAAATCCAGCAATCCTTTTGGTAGCAGGTGCAACCGTATCAATGCTGTATTGGGACACTGAATTTTGCCAACAATTATCTGAAAAAGGATTTTTTGTTATTCGTTACGACAACAGAGATGTAGGAAAATCCACTAATTATGAACCAGGTTCTACTCCATACGATATTGTTGACTTAACTAATGACGCTATTTCAATATTGGATGGCTACAAGATTGACAAAGCACATTTTGTGGGGATTTCTTTGGGCGGACTAATTTCTCAAATAGCATCAATAAAGTTTGCCGACAGAGTTAACTCCTTAACTCTTATGTCATCAGGCCCTTGGGGAGACTCAGACCCAACTATACCTGAAATGGACACGAGTATTTTAGATTTCCATAGTAAAGCAGGTACAGTCAATTGGACAAATGAAGACAGTGTGGTAAACTATTTAATTCAGGGTGCAGAATTAATGAGTGGCAAGAAACAATTTGACAAACAAAGAAGTGAAAAACTGATAAGAGCTGAGTTCAATAGAGCCAACAATTATATAAGTATGTTCAATCACGCTGCATCGCAAGGTGGTGGTGGTGAAGAATATTGGAACAGATTAAACGAAATCAAACAACCCACCTTAATTATCCACGGAACAGACGACAAAATTTGGCATTATAAGAATGCAGGTTTTTTACTAGAAAAAATAAAAGGTTCAAATCTAATCACCCTTGAAGGTACAGGACACGAATTACACGTTGATGATTGGAAATCAATAATTGATGGAATAGAAAAACACATAAATGACTGA", "fmax": "15914", "accession": "CP094932.1", "fmin": "14993", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Sphingobacterium faecium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "34087", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46223"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UXD71803.1", "sequence": "MKKKLLWILILGLIIISCKQRKTEMKEKIIKTNGIELCTESFGNKKNPAILLVAGATVSMLYWDTEFCQQLSEKGFFVIRYDNRDVGKSTNYEPGSTPYDIVDLTNDAISILDGYKIDKAHFVGISLGGLISQIASIKFADRVNSLTLMSSGPWGDSDPTIPEMDTSILDFHSKAGTVNWTNEDSVVNYLIQGAELMSGKKQFDKQRSEKLIRAEFNRANNYISMFNHAASQGGGGEEYWNRLNEIKQPTLIIHGTDDKIWHYKNAGFLLEKIKGSNLITLEGTGHELHVDDWKSIIDGIEKHIND"}}}}, "model_name": "EstT", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36459": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide esterase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36459", "category_aro_accession": "3000320", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Hydrolytic enzymes that cleave the macrocycle lactone ring of macrolide antibiotics."}, "35919": {"category_aro_name": "macrolide antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35919", "category_aro_accession": "0000000", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Macrolides are a group of drugs (typically antibiotics) that have a large macrocyclic lactone ring of 12-16 carbons to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Macrolides bind to the 50S-subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting the synthesis of vital proteins."}, "35949": {"category_aro_name": "tigecycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35949", "category_aro_accession": "0000030", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Tigecycline is an glycylcycline antibiotic. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome."}, "35960": {"category_aro_name": "glycylcycline", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35960", "category_aro_accession": "0000042", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance. Presently, there is only one glycylcycline antibiotic for clinical use: tigecycline. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome, preventing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."}, "36189": {"category_aro_name": "tetracycline antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36189", "category_aro_accession": "3000050", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "These antibiotics are derived from tetracycline, a polyketide antibiotic that inhibits the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes."}}, "ARO_name": "EstT", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "EstT", "ARO_id": "46222", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5949": {"model_id": "5949", "ARO_accession": "3007460", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "375", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-91 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8671": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTGTATTCTTCTTCTGCAACATTGCAGTTGCAGAAGAATCTTTGCCTGATTTAAAAATTGAGAAGCTTGAAGAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTGAAGAAGCTAAAGGTTGGAGTGTGGTCACTAAACACGGTTTGGTGGTTCTTGTGAAAAATGACGCCTATCTGATTGATACTCCAATTACTGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAATTAGTCAATTGGTTTGTTGAGCGGGGCTATAAAATCAAAGGCAGTATTTCCACACATTTCCATGGTGACAGTACGGCTGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATCCCCACATATGCTTCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTTCTTAAAAAAGACAATAAGGTACAAGCTAAACACTCTTTTAATGGGGTTAGTTATTCACTAATTAAAAACAAAATTGAAGTTTTTTATCCAGGCCCAGGGCACACTCAAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTACCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTCGGTGGTTGCTTTGTTAAACCGGACGGTCTTGGCTATTTGGGGGACGCAAATTTAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCTAAAATATTAATGTCTAAATATGGTAAAGCAAAACTAGTTGTGTCGAGTCATAGTGATATTGGAGATGTATCACTCTTGAAACGTACATGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAAGGGCTGAATGAAAGTAAAAAATCATCACAGCCAAGCGACTAA", "fmax": "841", "accession": "NG_076634.1", "fmin": "100", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_079387329.1", "sequence": "MKKLFVLCVFFFCNIAVAEESLPDLKIEKLEEGVYVHTSFEEAKGWSVVTKHGLVVLVKNDAYLIDTPITAKDTEKLVNWFVERGYKIKGSISTHFHGDSTAGIEWLNSQSIPTYASELTNELLKKDNKVQAKHSFNGVSYSLIKNKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFVKPDGLGYLGDANLEAWPKSAKILMSKYGKAKLVVSSHSDIGDVSLLKRTWEQAVKGLNESKKSSQPSD"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-91", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-91", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-91", "ARO_id": "46224", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5951": {"model_id": "5951", "ARO_accession": "3007462", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "350", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-92 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8673": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAAATATTTGTGTTATTTGTATTTTTGTTTTGCAGTATTACTGCCGCCGGAGAGTCTTTGCCTGATATAAAAATTGAGAAACTTGACGAAGATGTTTATGTTCATACTTCTTTTGAAAAGATAACCGGCTGGGGTGTTATTACTAAACACGGCTTGGTGGTTCTTGTAAATACTGATGCCTATATAATTGACACTCCATTTACAGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAATTAGTCCGCTGGTTTGTGGGGCGTGGTTATAAAATCAAAGGCAGTATTTCCTCACATTTTCATAGCGATAGCGCAGGTGGAATTGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATCCCCACATATGCATCTAAATTAACAAATGAGCTTCTTAAAAAGAACGGTAATGCGCAAGCCGTAAACTCATTTAGTGGCGTTAGCTATTGGCTAGTTAAACATAAAATTGAAGTTTTCTATCCAGGACCAGGGCACACTCAGGATAATGTAGTGGTTTGGTTGCCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTTGGCGGTTGTTTTATTAAGCCGGACGGTCTTGGTTATTTGGGAGACGCAAATCTAGAAGCATGGCCTAAGTCCGCAGAAACATTAATGTCTAAGTATGGTAATGCAAAACTGGTTGTTTCGAGTCATAGTGAAATTGGGGGCGCATCACTATTGAAGCGCACTTGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAGGGGCTAAAAGAAAGTAAAAACCATCACAGCCCCAAATAA", "fmax": "738", "accession": "NG_079227.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_240067720.1", "sequence": "MKKIFVLFVFLFCSITAAGESLPDIKIEKLDEDVYVHTSFEKITGWGVITKHGLVVLVNTDAYIIDTPFTAKDTEKLVRWFVGRGYKIKGSISSHFHSDSAGGIEWLNSQSIPTYASKLTNELLKKNGNAQAVNSFSGVSYWLVKHKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFIKPDGLGYLGDANLEAWPKSAETLMSKYGNAKLVVSSHSEIGGASLLKRTWEQAVKGLKESKNHHSPK"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-92", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-92", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-92", "ARO_id": "46227", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5950": {"model_id": "5950", "ARO_accession": "3007461", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "380", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-96 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8672": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAGAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTGTATGCTTCCTTTGTAGCATTACTGCCGCAGGAGCGGCTTTGCCTGATTTAAAAATCGAGAAGCTTGAAGAAGGTGTTTATGTTCATACATCGTTCGAAGAAGTTAACGGTTGGGGTGTTGTTTCTAAACACGGTTTGGTGGTTCTTGTAAACACTGACGCCTATCTGATTGACACTCCATTTACTGCTACAGATACTGAAAAGTTAGTCAATTGGTTTGTGGAGCGCGGCTATAAAATCAAAGGCACTATTTCCTCACATTTCCATAGCGACAGCACAGGGGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATTCCCACGTATGCATCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTTCTTAAAAAAGACGGTAAGGTGCAAGCTAAAAACTCATTTAGCGGAGTTAGTTATTGGCTAGTTAAAAATAAAATTGAAGTTTTTTATCCCGGCCCGGGGCACACTCAAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTACCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTCGGTGGTTGTTTTGTTAAACCGGACGGTCTTGGTAATTTGGGTGACGCAAATTTAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCCAAAATATTAATGTCTAAATATGGTAAAGCAAAACTGGTTGTTTCAGGTCATAGTGAAATTGGGGACGCATCACTCTTGAAACGTACATGGGAACAGGCTGTTAAAGGGCTAAATGAAAGTAAAAAACCATCACAGCCAAGTAACTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "NG_080776.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Stenotrophomonas sp.", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "69392", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46226"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_186931965.1", "sequence": "MKKLFVLCVCFLCSITAAGAALPDLKIEKLEEGVYVHTSFEEVNGWGVVSKHGLVVLVNTDAYLIDTPFTATDTEKLVNWFVERGYKIKGTISSHFHSDSTGGIEWLNSQSIPTYASELTNELLKKDGKVQAKNSFSGVSYWLVKNKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFVKPDGLGNLGDANLEAWPKSAKILMSKYGKAKLVVSGHSEIGDASLLKRTWEQAVKGLNESKKPSQPSN"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-96", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-96", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-96", "ARO_id": "46225", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5953": {"model_id": "5953", "ARO_accession": "3007464", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "360", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-94 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8675": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGCAAGTTATTTATATTCTTTATGTTTTTGTTTTGTAGCATTACTGCCGCAGCAGAGTCTTTGCCAGATTTAAAAATTGAGAGGCTTGATGAAGGCGTTTATGTTCATACTTCGTTTGAAGAAGTTAACGGTTGGGGTGTTGTTCCTAAACACGGCTTGGTGGTTCTTGTAAATACTGAGGCCTATCTGATTGACACTCCATTTACGGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAGTTAGTCACTTGGTTTGTGGGACGCGGCTATAAAATAAAAGGCAGTATTTCCTCTCATTTTCATAGCGACAGCACGGGCGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTCAATCTATCCCCACGTATGCATCTGAATTAACAAATGAACTTCTTAAAAAAGACGGTAAGGTACAAGCTAAAAATTCATTTGGCGGAGTTAGCTATTGGCTAGTTAAGAATAAGATTGAAGTTTTTTATCCTGGTCCAGGGCACACTCCAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGCTACCTGAAAATAGAGTTTTGTTCGGTGGTTGTTTTGTTAAACCGTACGGTCTTGGTAATTTGGGTGACGCAAATTTAGAAGCTTGGCCAAAGTCCGCCAAATTATTAATGTCCAAATATGGTAAGGCAAAACTGGTTGTTCCAAGTCACAGTGAAGTTGGAGACGCATCACTCTTGAAGCGAACATTAGAACATGCGGTTAAAGGGTTAAATGAAAGTAAAAAACCATCAAAACCAAGTAACTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "NG_079229.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Achromobacter xylosoxidans", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "85698", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36941"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_240067721.1", "sequence": "MSKLFIFFMFLFCSITAAAESLPDLKIERLDEGVYVHTSFEEVNGWGVVPKHGLVVLVNTEAYLIDTPFTAKDTEKLVTWFVGRGYKIKGSISSHFHSDSTGGIEWLNSQSIPTYASELTNELLKKDGKVQAKNSFGGVSYWLVKNKIEVFYPGPGHTPDNVVVWLPENRVLFGGCFVKPYGLGNLGDANLEAWPKSAKLLMSKYGKAKLVVPSHSEVGDASLLKRTLEHAVKGLNESKKPSKPSN"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-94", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-94", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-94", "ARO_id": "46229", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5952": {"model_id": "5952", "ARO_accession": "3007463", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "375", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-93 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8674": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTATCTTTTTGTTTTGTAGCATTACTGCCGCAGGAGAGTCTTTGCCTGATTTAAAAATTGAGAAGCTTGAAGACGGTGTTTATGTTCATACATCGTTTGAAGAAGTTAACGGTTGGGGTGTTTTTGCTAAACACGGTTTGGTGTTTCTTGTAAACACAGACGCCTATCTGATTGACACTCCATTTGCTGCTAAAGACACTGAAAAGTTAGTAAATTGGTTTGTGGAGCGCGGTTATAAAATAAAAGGCAGTATTTCCTCACATTTTCATAGCGACAGCTCGGGTGGAATAGAATGGCTTAACTCTCAATCTATTCCCACGTATGCATCTGAATTAACAAACGAACTTCTTAAAAAGAACGGTAAGGTGCAAGCTAAAAACTCATTTAGCGGAGTTAGTTATTGGCTACTTAAAAATAAAATTGAAATTTTTTATCCGGGCCCTGGGCACACTCAAGATAACGTAGTGGTTTGGTTGCCTGAAAAGAAAATTTTATTTGGTGGGTGTTTTGTTAAACCGTACGGTCTTGGAAATCTCGATGATGCAAATGTTGAAGCGTGGCCACATTCTGCTGAAATATTAATGTCTAGGTATGGTAATGCAAAACTGGTTGTTCCAAGCCATAGTGACGTCGGAGATGCGTCGCTCTTGAAGCTTACATGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAAGGGCTAAAAGAAAGTAAAAAACCATCACAGCCAAGTAACTAA", "fmax": "841", "accession": "NG_079228.1", "fmin": "100", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "287", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36752"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_234855925.1", "sequence": "MKKLFVLCIFLFCSITAAGESLPDLKIEKLEDGVYVHTSFEEVNGWGVFAKHGLVFLVNTDAYLIDTPFAAKDTEKLVNWFVERGYKIKGSISSHFHSDSSGGIEWLNSQSIPTYASELTNELLKKNGKVQAKNSFSGVSYWLLKNKIEIFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKKILFGGCFVKPYGLGNLDDANVEAWPHSAEILMSRYGNAKLVVPSHSDVGDASLLKLTWEQAVKGLKESKKPSQPSN"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-93", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-93", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-93", "ARO_id": "46228", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5955": {"model_id": "5955", "ARO_accession": "3007470", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "350", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IND-17 is an IND beta-lactamase and confers resistance to ampicillin, nitrocefin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem in Chryseobacterium spp.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8677": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAGAAAAAGTATTCGATTTTTAATTATTTCCGTTTTATTTTTAAGTCAGTTTGTTAATGCTCAGGTAAGAGATTTTGTGATCGAACCTCCCATTAAACCCAATCTGTATATTTACAAAACTTTTGGTGTATTTGGAGGCAGAGAATATTCTACCAATGCGATGTATCTAGTTACCAAAAAAGGAGTCGTTCTCTTTGATGTGCCTTGGCAGAAAACGCAATATCAAAGCCTGATGGATACTATAAAAAAACGCCATAACCTACCGATTATTGCTGTATTTGCAACACATTCGCATGATGATAGAGCGGGAGATTTAAGTTTTTACAATAATAAAGGAATTAAAACTTACGCAACTGTAAAAACCAATGAGCTATTGAAGAAAGAAGGAAAAGCTACATCAAGTGAGATCACAAAAACAGGAAAGCCTTATCGTATAGGAGGAGAAGAGTTTGTTGTAGATTTTCTTGGAGAAGGGCACACTGCAGATAATGTCGTGGTATGGTTTCCAAAATACAATATATTGGATGGTGGATGTCTTGTAAAAAGCAGAAATGCAACAGACTTGGGCTATACTGGTGAAGCCAATGTAAAGCAGTGGCCTTTGACAATGGCTAAACTAAAATCTAAATACCCTGGAGCAACGATGGTTGTTCCCGGACATGACGAATGGAAAGGTGGAGGTCATGTAGAACATACACTGGAACTTCTAAATGAAAATAAAAAATAG", "fmax": "729", "accession": "MK401904.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Chryseobacterium sp.", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1871047", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46236"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QAT79362.1", "sequence": "MRKSIRFLIISVLFLSQFVNAQVRDFVIEPPIKPNLYIYKTFGVFGGREYSTNAMYLVTKKGVVLFDVPWQKTQYQSLMDTIKKRHNLPIIAVFATHSHDDRAGDLSFYNNKGIKTYATVKTNELLKKEGKATSSEITKTGKPYRIGGEEFVVDFLGEGHTADNVVVWFPKYNILDGGCLVKSRNATDLGYTGEANVKQWPLTMAKLKSKYPGATMVVPGHDEWKGGGHVEHTLELLNENKK"}}}}, "model_name": "IND-17", "ARO_category": {"35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36199": {"category_aro_name": "IND beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36199", "category_aro_accession": "3000060", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "IND beta-lactamases are class B carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IND-17", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IND-17", "ARO_id": "46235", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5954": {"model_id": "5954", "ARO_accession": "3007465", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "360", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "IMP-95 is an IMP beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8676": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAGAAATTATTTGTTTTATGTGTATGCTTCTTTTGTAGCATTACTGCCGCAGGAGCGGCTTTACCTGATTTAAAAATCGAGAAGCTTGAAGAAGGTGTTTTTGTTCATACATCGTATGAAGAAGTTAAAGGTTGGGGTGTTGTTACTAAACACGGTTTGGTGGTTCTCATAGGCGCTGACGCCTATCTGATTGATACTCCATTTACTGCTAAAGATACTGAAAAGTTAGTCAATTGGTTTGTGGAGCGCGGCTATAAAATAAAAGGCACTGTTTCCTCACATTTCCATAGCGACAGTACGGGGGGAATAGAGTGGCTTAACTCTCAGTCTATCCCCACGTATGCGTCTGAATTAACGAATGAACTTCTGAAAAAAGACGGTAAGGTTCAAGCCAAAAACTCATTTGACGGGGTTAGTTATTGGCTGGCGAAAGATAAAATAGAAGTGTTTTATCCTGGCCCTGGCCACACTCAAGACAACGTAGTAGTTTGGCTGCCTGAAAAGGAAATATTATTTGGCGGTTGCTTTGTTAAGCCTCACGGCCTTGGTAATTTGGGTGACGCAAATTTAGAGGCTTGGCCAGAGTCCGCCAAAATATTGATGGAAAAATATGGTAAAGCAAAGCTGGTTGTTTCAGGTCATAGCGAAACCGGAGACGCGACACACTTGAAGCGTACCTGGGAGCAGGCTGTTAAAGGACTTAAAGAAAGTAAAAAGACATTGCAGCCAAGCAACTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "NG_079887.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Acinetobacter baumannii", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "470", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35507"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "WP_242934067.1", "sequence": "MKKLFVLCVCFFCSITAAGAALPDLKIEKLEEGVFVHTSYEEVKGWGVVTKHGLVVLIGADAYLIDTPFTAKDTEKLVNWFVERGYKIKGTVSSHFHSDSTGGIEWLNSQSIPTYASELTNELLKKDGKVQAKNSFDGVSYWLAKDKIEVFYPGPGHTQDNVVVWLPEKEILFGGCFVKPHGLGNLGDANLEAWPESAKILMEKYGKAKLVVSGHSETGDATHLKRTWEQAVKGLKESKKTLQPSN"}}}}, "model_name": "IMP-95", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "40360": {"category_aro_name": "penem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40360", "category_aro_accession": "3003706", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penems are a class of unsaturated beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. All penems are all synthetically made and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. They are structurally similar to carbapenems, however, where carbapenems have a carbon, penems have a sulfur."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36029": {"category_aro_name": "IMP beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36029", "category_aro_accession": "3000020", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Plasmid mediated IMP-type carbapenemases, of which at least 26 varieties are currently known, became established in Japan in the 1990s in enteric gram-negative organisms, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Integron-associated, sometimes within plasmids. Hydrolyses all beta-lactams except monobactams, and evades all beta-lactam inhibitors."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "IMP-95", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "IMP-95", "ARO_id": "46230", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5956": {"model_id": "5956", "ARO_accession": "3007473", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "1150", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}, "snp": {"param_type": "single resistance variant", "param_value": {"12925": "D95G", "12926": "D95Y"}, "clinical": {"12925": "D95G", "12926": "D95Y"}, "param_type_id": "36301", "param_description": "A nucleotide or amino acid substitution that confers elevated resistance to antibiotic(s) relative to wild type with with format [wild-type][position][mutation], e.g. R184Q."}}, "ARO_description": "Amino acid substitution mutations in Mycobacterium avium gyrA observed to confer resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8678": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGACTGACACCACGCTGCCACCCGGCGGTGACGCCGCCGACCGCGTCGAACCGGTCGACATCCAGCAGGAGATGCAGCGCAGCTACATCGATTACGCGATGAGCGTGATCGTCGGCCGCGCGCTGCCCGAGGTGCGCGACGGCCTCAAGCCGGTGCACCGCCGGGTGCTCTACGCCATGTACGACTCGGGTTTCCGCCCGGACCGCAGCCACGCCAAATCGGCGCGGTCGGTCGCCGAAACGATGGGCAACTACCACCCGCACGGCGACGCCTCGATCTACGACACCCTGGTGCGGATGGCCCAGCCGTGGTCGCTGCGCTATCCGTTGGTCGACGGGCAGGGCAATTTTGGTTCGCCGGGCAACGACCCGCCGGCCGCGATGCGGTACACCGAGGCGCGGCTGACCCCGCTGGCCATGGAGATGCTGCGCGAAATCGACGAGGAGACAGTCGATTTCATTCCCAACTACGACGGCCGGGTGCAAGAGCCGACGGTGCTGCCCAGCCGGTTCCCCAACCTGCTGGCCAACGGGTCGGGGGGCATCGCGGTCGGCATGGCCACCAACATCCCGCCGCACAACCTCGGCGAGCTCGCCGAGGCGGTGTTCTGGGCGCTGGACAATTACGAGGCCGACGAAGAGGCCACCCTGGCCGCCGTGATGGAACGGGTGAAAGGACCCGACTTCCCGACTTCGGGCCTGATCGTCGGCACGCAGGGCATCGCCGACGCCTACAAGACCGGCCGCGGCTCCATCCGGATGCGCGGAGTCGTTGAGGTGGAAGAGGATTCGCGCGGTCGCACCTCGCTGGTCATCACCGAGTTGCCGTATCAGGTCAACCACGACAACTTCATCACCTCGATCGCCGAGCAGGTGCGCGACGGCAAGCTGGCCGGCATCTCCAACATCGAGGACCAGTCCAGCGACCGGGTCGGGCTGCGCATCGTCATCGAGCTCAAGCGCGACGCCGTCGCCAAGGTGGTGCTGAACAACCTCTACAAGCACACCCAGCTGCAGACCAGCTTCGGCGCCAACATGCTGGCCATCGTCGATGGGGTGCCGCGCACCCTGCGGCTCGACCAGCTGATCCGCCACTACGTCGACCACCAACTCGACGTCATCGTCCGGCGCACCACCTACCGGTTGCGCAAGGCCAACGAGCGGGCCCACATCCTGCGCGGTCTGGTCAAGGCGCTCGATGCGCTCGACGAGGTCATCGCCCTGATCCGGGCGTCGGAAACCGTCGACATCGCGCGGCAGGGCTTGATCGAGCTGCTCGACATCGACGAGATCCAGGCCCAGGCGATCCTGGACATGCAGCTGCGCCGGCTGGCCGCCCTGGAGCGGCAGCGCATCATCGACGACCTGGCCAAGATCGAGGCCGAGATCGCCGACCTGGAGGACATCCTGGCCAAGCCGGAACGGCAACGCGGCATTGTGCGCGACGAGCTCGCCGAGATCGTCGAAAAGCACGGCGACGCGCGGCGCACCCGGATCGTGGCCGCCGACGGCGACGTCAGCGACGAGGATCTGATCGCCCGCGAGGACGTCGTCGTCACCATCACCGAGACCGGCTACGCCAAGCGCACCAAGACCGACCTGTACCGCAGCCAGAAGCGGGGCGGCAAGGGCGTGCAGGGCGCCGGCCTCAAACAGGACGACATCGTGCGGCACTTCTTCGTGTGCTCGACGCACGACTGGATCCTGTTCTTCACCACCCAGGGCCGGGTCTACCGCGCCAAGGCCTACGAACTGCCCGAGGCGTCTCGCACCGCCCGCGGTCAGCACGTGGCCAACCTGCTGGCGTTCCAGCCCGAGGAGCGGATCGCCCAGGTGATCCAGATCCGCAGCTATGAGGACGCCCCCTACCTGGTGCTGGCCACCCGCAACGGCCTGGTGAAGAAGACCAAGCTGACCGACTTCGACTCGAACCGTTCGGGCGGCATCGTGGCGATCAACCTGCGCGACAACGACGAACTCGTGGGCGCGGTGTTGTGCTCGGCCGAGGACGATCTGCTGCTGGTGTCGGCCAACGGCCAGTCCATCCGGTTCTCGGCGACCGACGAGGCGCTGCGCCCGATGGGCCGCGCCACCTCCGGTGTGCAGGGCATGCGCTTCAACGCCGACGACTACCTGCTGTCGCTCAACGTGGTCCGCGAGGGCACCTACCTGCTGGTGGCGACGTCCGGCGGGTACGCCAAGCGCACCGCGATCGAGGAGTATCCGGTGCAGGGCCGCGGCGGCAAGGGCGTGCTGACCGTGATGTATGACCGCCGCCGTGGCAGGCTGGTGGGTGCGCTGATTGTGGACGAGGACAGCGAGCTGTACGCGATCACCTCCGGCGGCGGTGTCATCCGCACCGCGGCGGGCCAGGTCCGTAAGGCGGGACGGCAGACCAAGGGCGTCCGGCTGATGAATCTGGGTGAGGGCGACACGCTGCTGGCCATCGCCCGCAACGCCGAGGAAGCCGCGGACGAGGCCGTCGAGGAGAGCGACGGTGCCGCGGGGTCGGACGGCTAG", "fmax": "9821", "accession": "CP000479.1", "fmin": "7301", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Mycobacterium avium 104", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "243243", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46240"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "ABK64957.1", "sequence": "MTDTTLPPGGDAADRVEPVDIQQEMQRSYIDYAMSVIVGRALPEVRDGLKPVHRRVLYAMYDSGFRPDRSHAKSARSVAETMGNYHPHGDASIYDTLVRMAQPWSLRYPLVDGQGNFGSPGNDPPAAMRYTEARLTPLAMEMLREIDEETVDFIPNYDGRVQEPTVLPSRFPNLLANGSGGIAVGMATNIPPHNLGELAEAVFWALDNYEADEEATLAAVMERVKGPDFPTSGLIVGTQGIADAYKTGRGSIRMRGVVEVEEDSRGRTSLVITELPYQVNHDNFITSIAEQVRDGKLAGISNIEDQSSDRVGLRIVIELKRDAVAKVVLNNLYKHTQLQTSFGANMLAIVDGVPRTLRLDQLIRHYVDHQLDVIVRRTTYRLRKANERAHILRGLVKALDALDEVIALIRASETVDIARQGLIELLDIDEIQAQAILDMQLRRLAALERQRIIDDLAKIEAEIADLEDILAKPERQRGIVRDELAEIVEKHGDARRTRIVAADGDVSDEDLIAREDVVVTITETGYAKRTKTDLYRSQKRGGKGVQGAGLKQDDIVRHFFVCSTHDWILFFTTQGRVYRAKAYELPEASRTARGQHVANLLAFQPEERIAQVIQIRSYEDAPYLVLATRNGLVKKTKLTDFDSNRSGGIVAINLRDNDELVGAVLCSAEDDLLLVSANGQSIRFSATDEALRPMGRATSGVQGMRFNADDYLLSLNVVREGTYLLVATSGGYAKRTAIEEYPVQGRGGKGVLTVMYDRRRGRLVGALIVDEDSELYAITSGGGVIRTAAGQVRKAGRQTKGVRLMNLGEGDTLLAIARNAEEAADEAVEESDGAAGSDG"}}}}, "model_name": "Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to Fluoroquinolone", "ARO_category": {"39876": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "39876", "category_aro_accession": "3003292", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "DNA gyrase is responsible for DNA supercoiling and consists of two alpha and two beta subunits. GyrA point mutations confer resistance by preventing fluoroquinolone antibiotics from binding the alpha-subunit."}, "35988": {"category_aro_name": "levofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35988", "category_aro_accession": "0000071", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Levofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. Its main target is topoisomerase IV, inhibiting its function and disrupting DNA replication."}, "35954": {"category_aro_name": "ciprofloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35954", "category_aro_accession": "0000036", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ciprofloxacin is a bacteriocidal fluoroquinolone. It blocks bacterial DNA replication by binding to the toposiomerase II or IV-DNA complex (or cleavable complex), thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial chromosome."}, "35997": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic target alteration", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35997", "category_aro_accession": "0001001", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Mutational alteration or enzymatic modification of antibiotic target which results in antibiotic resistance."}, "35920": {"category_aro_name": "fluoroquinolone antibiotic", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35920", "category_aro_accession": "0000001", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics that are 4-quinolone-3-carboxylates. These compounds interact with topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) to disrupt bacterial DNA replication, damage DNA, and cause cell death."}, "35991": {"category_aro_name": "moxifloxacin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35991", "category_aro_accession": "0000074", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation synthetic fluoroquinolone chemotherapeutic agent, and has been shown to be significantly more active than levofloxacin (4 to 8 times more) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA topoisomerases."}}, "ARO_name": "Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to Fluoroquinolone", "model_type": "protein variant model", "model_description": "Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.", "CARD_short_name": "Mavi_gyrA_FLO", "ARO_id": "46239", "model_type_id": "40293"}, "5937": {"model_id": "5937", "ARO_accession": "3007446", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "480", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-100 is an inhibitor-resistant carbapenem-hydrolyzing KPC beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8658": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGTATGGCATGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "913", "accession": "ON521726.1", "fmin": "31", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "URC16703.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVYGMANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-100", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-100", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-100", "ARO_id": "46207", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5936": {"model_id": "5936", "ARO_accession": "3007444", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-45 is a NDM class B metallo beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8659": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGCCGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "OP696898.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UZC76856.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMAALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-45", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-45", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-45", "ARO_id": "46205", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5935": {"model_id": "5935", "ARO_accession": "3007443", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-44 is a subclass B1 NDM metallo-beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8657": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCAACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "OP288001.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UVJ50740.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMANKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-44", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-44", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-44", "ARO_id": "46204", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5934": {"model_id": "5934", "ARO_accession": "3007442", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "450", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "SSA is an SSA beta lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8653": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAGAATATTTCCGGCTTACATTCTGCTTACAGCTTTCCTACTGGCCTGCTCCAGCAACGCCACGACTCAAAATGCTAATCAATCAAACAAGCCCGCCGCTGCTCAGGAAGCAAAGGCGGATGATAAGCAGAACCGCGAGCTGCAAAAACAGATAGAGCAGATAGCTTCAGCGGCACGCGGGCGCGTGGGCGTTCATGCGGTCGTGCTGGAAACGGGTGAATCCGTCTCCCTGGATGAGCAGGGCCGATTTCCTATGCAGAGCGTTTATAAGTTCCCGATTGGCATGGCTGTACTCGCGCAAGTAGATGCCGGAAAGCTAAAGCTTGACGAGCGCGTGCGCGTTGAAAAGAGCGAATACGTTAGAGAGGGCATGCACAGCCCCTTGCGAGACAAAAATCCGAACGAAGCTGAGGTGAGCGTGCGCGAGTTGCTGCGATTAGCTGTCTCTGAATCGGACGGTACGGCGAGCGATGTGCTGTTCAGACTGGCGGGCGGCAGCGAAGCAATCACCAGATACCTCAGCGACCTTAAGGTCACAGAGATTATCGTAGCCGACACGGAGAAAGAGATAGGGCAGGACTGGGACACTCAGTATCGCAACTGGGCTTCGCCCAAGGGAGCAGTTATGCTTCTACGCGCATTCCATGAGGGGCGCGGGCTCTCCGCAGAGAGCAGGGCGCTCTTGCTGAAATTGATGACTGACACCCCTACCGGACCGAAAAGGCTGAAAGGACTTTTGCCTAAGGGCACAGTCGTCGCGCACAAGACCGGAACATCTGGAGCAAACGCTAGCGGCATCAGCGCCGCGACCAACGATATAGGAATAGTGACGCTGCCGAACGGTCGCCATCTGGCCATAGCCGTTTTCGTTTCCGATTCTCCGGCCGATCTAACCACGCGCGAGGGCGTGATTGCCAAAGTCGCTAAGGCTGCGTGGGACCAGTGGGGAAAGTAA", "fmax": "2482", "accession": "FN640464.1", "fmin": "1522", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "uncultured bacterium", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "77133", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36791"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "CBI71171.1", "sequence": "MKRIFPAYILLTAFLLACSSNATTQNANQSNKPAAAQEAKADDKQNRELQKQIEQIASAARGRVGVHAVVLETGESVSLDEQGRFPMQSVYKFPIGMAVLAQVDAGKLKLDERVRVEKSEYVREGMHSPLRDKNPNEAEVSVRELLRLAVSESDGTASDVLFRLAGGSEAITRYLSDLKVTEIIVADTEKEIGQDWDTQYRNWASPKGAVMLLRAFHEGRGLSAESRALLLKLMTDTPTGPKRLKGLLPKGTVVAHKTGTSGANASGISAATNDIGIVTLPNGRHLAIAVFVSDSPADLTTREGVIAKVAKAAWDQWGK"}}}}, "model_name": "SSA", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "46197": {"category_aro_name": "SSA beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46197", "category_aro_accession": "3007439", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "SSA beta-lactamases are a family of Class A beta-lactamases."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35981": {"category_aro_name": "amoxicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35981", "category_aro_accession": "0000064", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic, beta-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. A derivative of penicillin, it has a wider range of treatment but remains relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly taken with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Like other beta-lactams, amoxicillin interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan."}, "35927": {"category_aro_name": "cefoxitin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35927", "category_aro_accession": "0000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefoxitin is a cephamycin antibiotic often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins. Cefoxitin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. Cefoxitin's 7-alpha-methoxy group and 3' leaving group make it a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "SSA", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "SSA", "ARO_id": "46200", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5933": {"model_id": "5933", "ARO_accession": "3007435", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "440", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "WUS-1 is a WUS beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8652": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGCGTCAATTTCTTTACACTATCGCCTTGCTAACATGCTCATTTATTGCACATGCCCAATCCGAAAGACTAAAGATCGAAAAGTTAAATGACAAAATGTATGTCTACACTACCTATCAAGAGTTTAATGGTGTACAATACTCCTCTAACGCCTTATATGTAGTAACTGACGATGGAGTATTGCTCATCGACACCCCTTGGGATAAAGAGCAATATGAACCTTTAGTAAATCACATCAAGCAAGCACACAACAAAGAGATTAAATGGGTAATCACTACCCACTTTCACGAAGATCGATCGGGAGGGTTAGATTACTTTAATAAAGCTGGAGCTCAAACGTATACCTTTGTACAAACTAATGAGATGCTAAAAGAGCGCAATGAACCTCAAGCACAACACACTTTTGATAAAGAAAGACACTTTACCTTCGGCAATGATAAACTAACGGTTTATTTCTTAGGTGAAGGTCACACAAAAGACAATACTGTCGTGTGGTTTCCACAAGAAAAAATACTGTATGGAGGTTGTCTGATTAAGAGTGCTGAAGCTACAAGTATTGGAAATATAGCGGATGCAAATGTAAATGCCTGGCCTAAAACCATTAAAGCGGTAAAACGCAAATTTAAAAAGGTGAAATCTATCATCCCAGGACACGATCAATGGAATCTGTCAGGACATATAGAGAATACCGAGCGTATCTTAGAGGAATACCATCGAGATAATTTAAATAAAAACAATTAA", "fmax": "741", "accession": "OL872181.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Myroides albus", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "2562892", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46201"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UPP01678.1", "sequence": "MRQFLYTIALLTCSFIAHAQSERLKIEKLNDKMYVYTTYQEFNGVQYSSNALYVVTDDGVLLIDTPWDKEQYEPLVNHIKQAHNKEIKWVITTHFHEDRSGGLDYFNKAGAQTYTFVQTNEMLKERNEPQAQHTFDKERHFTFGNDKLTVYFLGEGHTKDNTVVWFPQEKILYGGCLIKSAEATSIGNIADANVNAWPKTIKAVKRKFKKVKSIIPGHDQWNLSGHIENTERILEEYHRDNLNKNN"}}}}, "model_name": "WUS-1", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "46198": {"category_aro_name": "WUS beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46198", "category_aro_accession": "3007440", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "WUS is a family of the metallo-beta-lactamases."}, "36309": {"category_aro_name": "imipenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36309", "category_aro_accession": "3000170", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Imipenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is usually taken with cilastatin, which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem by renal dehydropeptidase-I. It is resistant to hydrolysis by most other beta-lactamases. Notable exceptions are the KPC beta-lactamases and Ambler Class B enzymes."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35961": {"category_aro_name": "carbenicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35961", "category_aro_accession": "0000043", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Carbenicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic belonging to the carboxypenicillin subgroup of the penicillins. It has gram-negative coverage which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa but limited gram-positive coverage. The carboxypenicillins are susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes. Carbenicillin antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}}, "ARO_name": "WUS-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "WUS-1", "ARO_id": "46193", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5932": {"model_id": "5932", "ARO_accession": "3007438", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "700", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "LAQ-1 beta lactamase is a class C beta lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8654": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAATCCCTTTGCGCCGTGCTGCTGCTCACCGCTTCATGCTCTGCGCTTGCCGCGCCTCAAACTGAAAAACAGATCGCTGATACCGTCAATCGCATCATGACCCCGCTCATGAAAGAACAGGCGATTCCGGGCATGGCCGTCGCCGTGATTTATCAAGGAAAGACGCACTATTTTGTCTACGGCAAAGCAGATATCGCCGCGAATCAGCCCGTCACTCAGCACACCTTGTTTGAGCTGGGCTCCGTGAGCAAAACCTTTACCGGCGTTCTGGGCGGCGAAGCCATCGCACGCGGTGAAATCAGGCTTGACGATCCCGCCAGCAAATACTGGCCTGCGCTGACGGGTAAACAATGGAAAGGCATTACTCTGCTGCATCTGGCTACTTACACCGCAGGCGGTTTGCCGCTGCAAGTGCCGGATGAGGTAACCGATCAGGCGGCGCTTCTGCATTTCTACCAAAACTGGCAACCGCAGTGGACGCCGGGCGCAAAACGCCTGTACGCCAACGCCAGTATCGGTTTATTCGGCATGCTGGCGGTCAAGCCATCAGGGATGGATTTTGAACAGGCAATGACCTCACGCGTGTTCCAGCCGCTGGAACTCAATCACACCTGGATTAACGTCCCGGCAGCAGAGGAGAAGCATTACGCCTGGGGCTATCGTGACGGTAAACCGGTGCACGTTTCGCCCGGCATGCTTGATGCGGAATCTTACGGCGTCAAAACGACCATTGAAGATATGGCGAGCTGGGTTCGGGCCAATATGAATCCTGCGGGCGTTAAAGATGAAATGCTTAAGCAAGGAATCGAACTGGCACAGTCACGTTACTGGCGTATCGGGGAGATGTATCAGGGCTTAGGCTGGGAAATGCTGAACTGGCCGGTGAAAGCAAAAACCGTCGTCGACGGCAGCGATAACAAAATCGCACTGGCATCGCTGACGGCCGTCGAAGTGAATCCTCCCGCGCCCGCAGTTAAAGCCTCGTGGGTGCACAAGACGGGTTCAACCGGCGGATTTGGGAGCTACGTCGCCTTTATTCCTGAAAAGAACATCGGCATCGTGATGCTGGCGAATAAAAGCTATCCTAACCCTGCGCGTGTCGATGCGGCGTATCGTATCCTGGACACGTTGAAATAA", "fmax": "3143", "accession": "MZ497396.1", "fmin": "2000", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Lelliottia amnigena", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "61646", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46202"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "QXM27670.1", "sequence": "MKKSLCAVLLLTASCSALAAPQTEKQIADTVNRIMTPLMKEQAIPGMAVAVIYQGKTHYFVYGKADIAANQPVTQHTLFELGSVSKTFTGVLGGEAIARGEIRLDDPASKYWPALTGKQWKGITLLHLATYTAGGLPLQVPDEVTDQAALLHFYQNWQPQWTPGAKRLYANASIGLFGMLAVKPSGMDFEQAMTSRVFQPLELNHTWINVPAAEEKHYAWGYRDGKPVHVSPGMLDAESYGVKTTIEDMASWVRANMNPAGVKDEMLKQGIELAQSRYWRIGEMYQGLGWEMLNWPVKAKTVVDGSDNKIALASLTAVEVNPPAPAVKASWVHKTGSTGGFGSYVAFIPEKNIGIVMLANKSYPNPARVDAAYRILDTLK"}}}}, "model_name": "LAQ-1", "ARO_category": {"46199": {"category_aro_name": "LAQ beta lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "46199", "category_aro_accession": "3007441", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "LAQ is a class C beta lactamase."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36976": {"category_aro_name": "benzylpenicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36976", "category_aro_accession": "3000632", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Benzylpenicillin, commonly referred to as penicillin G, is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is unstable in acid."}, "35975": {"category_aro_name": "cefazolin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35975", "category_aro_accession": "0000058", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefazolin (INN), also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is administered parenterally, and is active against a broad spectrum of bacteria."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35976": {"category_aro_name": "cefepime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35976", "category_aro_accession": "0000059", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefepime (INN) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed in 1994. It contains an aminothiazolyl group that decreases its affinity with beta-lactamases. Cefepime shows high binding affinity with penicillin-binding proteins and has an extended spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with greater activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms than third-generation agents."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35927": {"category_aro_name": "cefoxitin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35927", "category_aro_accession": "0000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefoxitin is a cephamycin antibiotic often grouped with the second generation cephalosporins. Cefoxitin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. Cefoxitin's 7-alpha-methoxy group and 3' leaving group make it a poor substrate for most beta-lactamases."}}, "ARO_name": "LAQ-1", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "LAQ-1", "ARO_id": "46196", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5931": {"model_id": "5931", "ARO_accession": "3007437", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "350", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "EBR-5 is an EBR beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8655": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGAAAAAAGTATTTTCTTTTGTCACATTGATTGGAACGTTTGCATTTGGTCAAATAAAACCGATTCAAATAGATTCTATTAATTCTCATCTTTACGTTTATCAAACATTTAATTCATTTCAAGGCATTGATTATAATGCGAATGGAATGTTTTTGATCACTGATAAAGGAATTATTTTGTTTGACGTGCCTTGGCAAAAATCTCAGTATCAAACAATGAATGATCTTGTATTAGAGAAATATCATTTACCAGTTATTGCTGTTTTTGTCACACATTCACACGAAGATAGAGCAGGGGATTTAAGCTTTTACAATGAATTAAATATCCCAACATACGCTTCATCTTTCACTAATTCTATTTTAAAAAAGGAAGGAAAAGCAACTTCGAAATTTGAAATAGAATTAGGTAAAACCTATAGATTTGGTAAAGAAAAATTTGTCATCGAATATTTTGGACAAGGTCATACAGCGGATAATCTTGTGGTTTGGTTTCCGAAATATAAGGTTTTGAATGGAGGTTGTTTGATCAAAGGAGCAGATGCAAAAAATTTAGGTTATATTGGTGAAGCTAATGTTACTGAATGGCCAAAAACAGTTCAGAAATTAGTAACGAAACATCCAAAAATTAACCAAGTTATTCCAGGTCATGATAATTGGAAAGCAAATGGGCATATAGAAAATACGTTTAAACTTTTAGAAAAATAA", "fmax": "787487", "accession": "CP104209.1", "fmin": "786782", "strand": "-"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Empedobacter stercoris", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "1628248", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "46203"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UWX67704.1", "sequence": "MKKVFSFVTLIGTFAFGQIKPIQIDSINSHLYVYQTFNSFQGIDYNANGMFLITDKGIILFDVPWQKSQYQTMNDLVLEKYHLPVIAVFVTHSHEDRAGDLSFYNELNIPTYASSFTNSILKKEGKATSKFEIELGKTYRFGKEKFVIEYFGQGHTADNLVVWFPKYKVLNGGCLIKGADAKNLGYIGEANVTEWPKTVQKLVTKHPKINQVIPGHDNWKANGHIENTFKLLEK"}}}}, "model_name": "EBR-5", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "41368": {"category_aro_name": "EBR beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "41368", "category_aro_accession": "3004204", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "EBR beta-lactamases are Class B beta-lactamases first isolated from Empedobacter brevis and are able to hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35980": {"category_aro_name": "cefuroxime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35980", "category_aro_accession": "0000063", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with increased stability with beta-lactamases than first-generation cephalosporins. Cefuroxime is active against Gram-positive organisms but less active against methicillin-resistant strains."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "37084": {"category_aro_name": "cefalotin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "37084", "category_aro_accession": "3000704", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Cefalotin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic activate against staphylococci. It is resistant to staphylococci beta-lactamases but hydrolyzed by enterobacterial beta-lactamases."}, "36981": {"category_aro_name": "ampicillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36981", "category_aro_accession": "3000637", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative that is highly acid stable, with its activity similar to benzylpenicillin."}, "35995": {"category_aro_name": "piperacillin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35995", "category_aro_accession": "0000078", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Piperacillin is an acetylureidopenicillin and has an extended spectrum of targets relative to other beta-lactam antibiotics. It inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria, and is usually taken with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam to overcome penicillin-resistant bacteria."}, "40933": {"category_aro_name": "ceftiofur", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "40933", "category_aro_accession": "3004006", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftiofur is a third-generation broad spectrum cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic. It causes cell lysis by disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linkage and cell wall formation by binding to PBPs."}}, "ARO_name": "EBR-5", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "EBR-5", "ARO_id": "46195", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5930": {"model_id": "5930", "ARO_accession": "3007436", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "KPC-96 is a KPC beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8656": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTGTCTCTCATGGCCGCTGGCTGGCTTTTCTGCCACCGCGCTGACCAACCTCGTCGCGGAACCATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAGGACTTTGGCGGCTCCATCGGTGTGTACGCGATGGATACCGGCTCAGGCGCAACTGTAAGTTACCGCGCTGAGGAGCGCTTCCCACTGTGCAGCTCATTCAAGGGCTTTCTTGCTGCCGCTGTGCTGGCTCGCAGCCAGCAGCAGGCCGGCTTGCTGGACACACCCATCCGTTACGGCAAAAATGCGCTGGTTCCGTGGTCACCCATCTCGGAAAAATATCTGACAACAGGCATGACGGTGGCGGAGCTGTCCGCGGCCGCCGTGCAATACAGTGATAACGCCGCCGCCAATTTGTTGCTGAAGGAGTTGGGCGGCCCGGCCGGGCTGACGGCCTTCATGCGCTCTATCGGCGATACCACGTTCCGTCTGGACCGCTGGGAGCTGGAGCTGAACTCCGCCATCCCAGGCGATGCGCGCGATACCTCATCGCCGCGCGCCGTGACGGAAAGCTTACAAAAACTGACACTGGGCTCTGCACTGGCTGCGCCGCAGCGGCAGCAGTTTGTTGATTGGCTAAAGGGAAACACGACCGGCAACCACCGCATCCGCGCGGCGGTGCCGGCAGACTGGGCAGTCGGAGACAAAACCGGAACCTGCGGAGTGAATGGCACGGCAAATGACTATGCCGTCGTCTGGCCCACTGGGCGCGCACCTATTGTGTTGGCCGTCTACACCCGGGCGCCTAACAAGGATGACAAGCACAGCGAGGCCGTCATCGCCGCTGCGGCTAGACTCGCGCTCGAGGGATTGGGCGTCAACGGGCAGTAA", "fmax": "882", "accession": "OK086970.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Klebsiella pneumoniae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "573", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35915"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UAY85936.1", "sequence": "MSLYRRLVLLSCLSWPLAGFSATALTNLVAEPFAKLEQDFGGSIGVYAMDTGSGATVSYRAEERFPLCSSFKGFLAAAVLARSQQQAGLLDTPIRYGKNALVPWSPISEKYLTTGMTVAELSAAAVQYSDNAAANLLLKELGGPAGLTAFMRSIGDTTFRLDRWELELNSAIPGDARDTSSPRAVTESLQKLTLGSALAAPQRQQFVDWLKGNTTGNHRIRAAVPADWAVGDKTGTCGVNGTANDYAVVWPTGRAPIVLAVYTRAPNKDDKHSEAVIAAAARLALEGLGVNGQ"}}}}, "model_name": "KPC-96", "ARO_category": {"36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "35977": {"category_aro_name": "ceftazidime", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35977", "category_aro_accession": "0000060", "category_aro_class_name": "Antibiotic", "category_aro_description": "Ceftazidime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35923": {"category_aro_name": "monobactam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35923", "category_aro_accession": "0000004", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Monobactams are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Unlike penams and cephems, monobactams do not have any ring fused to its four-member lactam structure. Monobactam antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "36198": {"category_aro_name": "KPC beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36198", "category_aro_accession": "3000059", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistant (KPC) beta-lactamases are notorious for their ability to efficiently hydrolyze carbapenems, unlike other Ambler Class A beta-lactamases.  There are currently 9 variants reported worldwide.  These enzymes were first isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in 2001 in the United States.  Hospital outbreaks have since been reported in Greece and Israel and KPC carrying strains are now endemic to New York facilities.  KPC-1 and KPC-2 have been shown to be identical and are now referred to as KPC-2."}}, "ARO_name": "KPC-96", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "KPC-96", "ARO_id": "46194", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5939": {"model_id": "5939", "ARO_accession": "3007447", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-47 is a NDM metallo-beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8662": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGCCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGGTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCTAGAGGGGATGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "OP696900.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Enterobacter cloacae", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "550", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "36884"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UZC76858.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALAAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLVVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPLEGMVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-47", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-47", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-47", "ARO_id": "46208", "model_type_id": "40292"}, "5938": {"model_id": "5938", "ARO_accession": "3007445", "model_param": {"blastp_bit_score": {"param_value": "500", "param_type_id": "40725", "param_type": "BLASTP bit-score", "param_description": "The BLASTP bit-score is a numerical value that describes the overall quality of an alignment. Higher numbers correspond to higher similarity. The bit-score (S) is determined by the following formula: S = (\u03bb \u00d7 S \u2212 lnK)/ ln2 where \u03bb is the Gumble distribution constant, S is the raw alignment score, and K is a constant associated with the scoring matrix. This parameter is used by AMR detection models that use a protein reference sequence, e.g. the protein homolog model. The BLASTP bit-score parameter is a curated value determined from BLASTP analysis of the canonical reference sequence of a specific AMR-associated protein against the database of CARD reference sequence. This value establishes a threshold for computational prediction of RGI Strict match (above bit-score cut-off) or Loose match (below bit-score cut-off)."}}, "ARO_description": "NDM-46 is an NDM metallo-beta-lactamase.", "model_sequences": {"sequence": {"8660": {"dna_sequence": {"partial": "0", "sequence": "ATGGAATTGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGGTCGCGAAGCTGAGCACCGCATTAGTCGCTGCATTGATGCTGAGCGGGTGCATGCCCGGTGAAATCCGCCCGACGATTGGCCAGCAAATGGAAACTGGCGACCAACGGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTCCGCCAGCTCGCACCGAATGTCTGGCAGCACACTTCCTATCTCGACATGCCGGGTTTCGGGGCAGTCGCTTCCAACGGTTTGATCGTCAGGGATGGCGGCCGCGTGCTGTTGGTCGATACCGCCTGGACCGATGACCAGACCGCCCAGATCCTCAACTGGATCAAGCAGGAGATCAACCTGCCGGTCGCGCTGGCGGTGGTGACTCACGCGCATCAGGACAAGATGGGCGGTATGGACGCGCTGCATGCGGCGGGGATTGCGACTTATGCCAATGCGTTGTCGAACCAGCTTGCCCCGCAAGAGGGGCTGGTTGCGGCGCAACACAGCCTGACTTTCGCCGCCAATGGCTGGGTCGAACCAGCAACCGCGCCCAACTTTGGCCCGCTCAAGGTATTTTACCCCGGCCCCGGCCACACCAGTGACAATATCACCGTTGGGATCGACGGCACCGACATCGCTTTTGGTGGCTGCCTGATCAAGGACAGCAAGGCCAAGTCGCTCGGCAATCTCGGTGATGCCGACACTGAGCACTACGCCGCGTCAGCGCGCGCGTTTGGTGCGGCGTTCCCCAAGGCCAGCATGATCGTGATGAGCCATTCCGCCCCCGATAGCCGCGCCGCAATCACTCATACGGCCCGCATGGCCGACAAGCTGCGCTGA", "fmax": "813", "accession": "OP696899.1", "fmin": "0", "strand": "+"}, "NCBI_taxonomy": {"NCBI_taxonomy_name": "Escherichia coli", "NCBI_taxonomy_id": "562", "NCBI_taxonomy_cvterm_id": "35914"}, "protein_sequence": {"accession": "UZC76857.1", "sequence": "MELPNIMHPVAKLSTALVAALMLSGCMPGEIRPTIGQQMETGDQRFGDLVFRQLAPNVWQHTSYLDMPGFGAVASNGLIVRDGGRVLLVDTAWTDDQTAQILNWIKQEINLPVALAVVTHAHQDKMGGMDALHAAGIATYANALSNQLAPQEGLVAAQHSLTFAANGWVEPATAPNFGPLKVFYPGPGHTSDNITVGIDGTDIAFGGCLIKDSKAKSLGNLGDADTEHYAASARAFGAAFPKASMIVMSHSAPDSRAAITHTARMADKLR"}}}}, "model_name": "NDM-46", "ARO_category": {"36000": {"category_aro_name": "antibiotic inactivation", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36000", "category_aro_accession": "0001004", "category_aro_class_name": "Resistance Mechanism", "category_aro_description": "Enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic to confer drug resistance."}, "36017": {"category_aro_name": "penam", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36017", "category_aro_accession": "3000008", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Penams are a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi that share a skeleton beta-lactam moiety fused with a thiazolidine ring. This is the most defining feature of penicillins. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases such as syphilis and Staphylococcus infections. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics in the penam sub-group, and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms."}, "35939": {"category_aro_name": "carbapenem", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35939", "category_aro_accession": "0000020", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and have a structure which renders them highly resistant to beta-lactamases. Carbapenem antibiotics are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35951": {"category_aro_name": "cephalosporin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35951", "category_aro_accession": "0000032", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms."}, "35962": {"category_aro_name": "cephamycin", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "35962", "category_aro_accession": "0000044", "category_aro_class_name": "Drug Class", "category_aro_description": "Cephamycins are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics, very similar to cephalosporins. Together with cephalosporins, they form a sub-group of antibiotics known as cephems. Cephamycins are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. The 7-alpha-methoxy group increases resistance to beta-lactamases."}, "36196": {"category_aro_name": "NDM beta-lactamase", "category_aro_cvterm_id": "36196", "category_aro_accession": "3000057", "category_aro_class_name": "AMR Gene Family", "category_aro_description": "NDM beta-lactamases or New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases are class B beta-lactamases that confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics including carbapenems, cephalosporins and penicillins."}}, "ARO_name": "NDM-46", "model_type": "protein homolog model", "model_description": "Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.", "CARD_short_name": "NDM-46", "ARO_id": "46206", "model_type_id": "40292"}}}