| Accession | ARO:3000818 |
| Synonym(s) | PA3721 |
| CARD Short Name | nalC |
| Definition | NalC is a repressor of PA3720-PA3719, which are positive regulators of MexAB-OprM. Thus, nalC mutants confer multidrug resistance. |
| AMR Gene Family | resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | peptide antibiotic, diaminopyrimidine antibiotic, sulfonamide antibiotic, cephalosporin, aminocoumarin antibiotic, macrolide antibiotic, monobactam, penam, tetracycline antibiotic, carbapenem, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, phenicol antibiotic, cephamycin, penem |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Efflux Regulator | protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Pseudomonas aeruginosag+p+wgs, Pseudomonas fluorescensg |
| Classification | 45 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + antibiotic molecule + peptide antibiotic [Drug Class] + lipopeptide antibiotic + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + beta-lactam antibiotic + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + polymyxin antibiotic + determinant of antibiotic resistance + diaminopyrimidine antibiotic [Drug Class] + cephem + sulfonamide antibiotic [Drug Class] + cephalosporin [Drug Class] + antibiotic mixture + aminocoumarin antibiotic [Drug Class] + macrolide antibiotic [Drug Class] + sulfamethoxazole [Antibiotic] + monobactam [Drug Class] + penam [Drug Class] + tetracycline antibiotic [Drug Class] + carbapenem [Drug Class] + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + trimethoprim [Antibiotic] + colistin + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + erythromycin [Antibiotic] + cephamycin [Drug Class] + ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + aztreonam [Antibiotic] + trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [Antibiotic] + novobiocin [Antibiotic] + meropenem [Antibiotic] + panipenem [Antibiotic] + ampicillin [Antibiotic] + azithromycin [Antibiotic] + penem [Drug Class] + tetracycline [Antibiotic] + resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + ceftazidime [Antibiotic] + ceftriaxone [Antibiotic] + colistin A [Antibiotic] + colistin B [Antibiotic] + chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + MexAB-OprM |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux [Efflux Regulator] + regulates MexAB-OprM + part_of MexAB-OprM with NalC mutations conferring resistance to aztreonam |
| Publications | Cao L, et al. 2004. Mol Microbiol 53(5): 1423-1436. MexAB-OprM hyperexpression in NalC-type multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification and characterization of the nalC gene encoding a repressor of PA3720-PA3719. (PMID 15387820) Pan YP, et al. 2016. Arch. Microbiol. 198(6):565-71 Overexpression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PMID 27060003) Braz VS, et al. 2016. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. : Mutations in NalC induce MexAB-OprM overexpression resulting in high level of aztreonam resistance in environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PMID 27412168) |
Prevalence of nalC among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 96.78% | 0.58% | 66.21% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | 2.78% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein overexpression model
Model Definition: Protein Overexpression Models (POM) are similar to Protein Variant Models (PVM) in that they include a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP bitscore cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Whereas PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, reporting only those with curated mutations conferring AMR, POMs are restricted to regulatory proteins and report both wild-type sequences and/or sequences with mutations leading to overexpression of efflux complexes. The former lead to efflux of antibiotics at basal levels, while the latter can confer clinical resistance. POMs include a protein reference sequence (often from wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the wild-type reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value may or may not contain at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off may or may not contain at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 400
Legend:
Published Variants:
| PMID: 27060003 | G71E S209R |
| PMID: 27412168 | R97G A186T |