beta-lactamase

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Ontology CARD's Antibiotic Resistance Ontology
Accession ARO:3000001
DefinitionBeta-lactamases are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by some bacteria and are responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins (are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase), cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem). These antibiotics have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam. The lactamase enzyme breaks that ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties. Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to treat a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative organisms are usually secreted.
Resistance Mechanismantibiotic inactivation
CARD:Epi text mining of PubMed up to 2021

(top ten associations if supported by more than one publication)
NCBI_TAXONEscherichia coli (1311), Klebsiella pneumoniae (723), Haemophilus influenzae (670), Enterobacteriaceae (607), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (461), Staphylococcus aureus (374), Moraxella catarrhalis (215), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (180), Enterobacter cloacae (160), Klebsiella (159)
GAZNew Delhi (119), Japan (62), Italy (44), Unity State (43), India (34), Kingdom of Spain (34), Europe (32), China (28), Brazil (27), Republic of China (22)
FOODONwater food product (23), meat (skinless) (21), poultry drumstick (19), chicken (15), swine (14), Bos taurus (10), cow milk (liquid) (9), vegetable (whole) (5), dairy cow (5), chocolate (4)
ENVOhospital (344), farm (31), large river delta biome (8), waste treatment plant (7), nursing home (6), wastewater treatment plant (6)
UBERONrenal system (110), membrane organ (95), blood (78), feces (60), urine (44), respiratory tract (42), animal hemisphere (32), blood serum (27), adult organism (24), sputum (21)
Classification4 ontology terms | Show
Parent Term(s)1 ontology terms | Show
Sub-Term(s)
4 ontology terms | Show
Publications

Bush K, et al. 1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39(6): 1211-1233. A functional classification scheme for beta-lactamases and its correlation with molecular structure. (PMID 7574506)

Pillai DR, et al. 2011. CMAJ 183(1): 59-64. New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 in Enterobacteriaceae: emerging resistance. (PMID 21220461)

Ambler RP. 1980. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 289(1036): 321-331. The structure of beta-lactamases. (PMID 6109327)

Bush K and Jacoby GA. 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(3): 969-976. Updated functional classification of beta-lactamases. (PMID 19995920)
Curator Acknowledgements
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