| Accession | ARO:3002693 |
| CARD Short Name | cmlA1 |
| Definition | cmlA1 is a plasmid or transposon-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. |
| AMR Gene Family | major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | phenicol antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Aeromonas caviaewgs, Citrobacter freundiiwgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter chengduensiswgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogeneswgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocap+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+wgs+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosag+wgs, Pseudomonas putidawgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella boydiiwgs, Shigella flexnerig+p, Shigella sonneiwgs, Yersinia enterocoliticawgs |
| Classification | 7 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Bissonnette L, et al. 1991. J Bacteriol 173(14): 4493-4502. Characterization of the nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance (cmlA) gene of the In4 integron of Tn1696: similarity of the product to transmembrane transport proteins. (PMID 1648560) Stokes HW and Hall RM. 1991. Plasmid 26(1): 10-19. Sequence analysis of the inducible chloramphenicol resistance determinant in the Tn1696 integron suggests regulation by translational attenuation. (PMID 1658833) Partridge SR, et al. 2001. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(11): 3014-3020. Family of class 1 integrons related to In4 from Tn1696. (PMID 11600350) Poirel L, et al. 2003. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47(9): 2938-2945. Insertion sequence ISEcp1B is involved in expression and mobilization of a bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase gene. (PMID 12936998) |
Prevalence of cmlA1 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aeromonas caviae | 0% | 0% | 0.54% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 0% | 0% | 0.39% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 12.82% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 0% | 18.75% | 0% |
| Enterobacter chengduensis | 0% | 0% | 4% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 0% | 0.64% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0% | 0% | 0.6% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0% | 0.87% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 0% | 0% | 1.94% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0.38% | 0.92% | 3.82% | 0.64% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 4.27% | 3.26% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 0% | 0.56% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0.57% | 0.27% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 0% | 1.37% | 0.42% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0.06% | 0.78% | 2.2% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 1.05% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 1.92% | 0% | 1.23% | 7.69% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 7.34% | 0% | 2.64% | 3.7% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0.15% | 0% | 0.23% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas putida | 0% | 0% | 0.53% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.76% | 4.38% | 0.95% | 1.66% |
| Shigella boydii | 0% | 0% | 3.33% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 1% | 2.01% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 0% | 0% | 0.58% | 0% |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 0% | 0% | 0.91% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 800