| Accession | ARO:3007055 |
| CARD Short Name | Hpyl_rdxA_MTZ |
| Definition | The rdxA gene in Helicobacter pylori encodes an NADPH nitroreductase. Mutations in this gene are associated with metronidazole resistance. |
| AMR Gene Family | Antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori nitroreductase |
| Drug Class | nitroimidazole antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Helicobacter pylorig+wgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + nitroimidazole antibiotic [Drug Class] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + metronidazole [Antibiotic] + antibiotic resistant gene variant or mutant |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic metronidazole [Antibiotic] + Antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori nitroreductase [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Rasheed F, et al. 2014. Helicobacter 19(5):387-99 Analysis of clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori in Pakistan reveals high degrees of pathogenicity and high frequencies of antibiotic resistance. (PMID 24827414) Goodwin A, et al. 1998. Mol Microbiol 28(2):383-93 Metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori is due to null mutations in a gene (rdxA) that encodes an oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase. (PMID 9622362) Tankovic J, et al. 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44(3):608-13 Frequent association between alteration of the rdxA gene and metronidazole resistance in French and North African isolates of Helicobacter pylori. (PMID 10681326) Farzi N, et al. 2019. J Clin Med 8(11): High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Iranian Helicobacter pylori Isolates: Importance of Functional and Mutational Analysis of Resistance Genes and Virulence Genotyping. (PMID 31744181) Miftahussurur M, et al. 2016. BMC Microbiol 16(1):256 Emerging Helicobacter pylori levofloxacin resistance and novel genetic mutation in Nepal. (PMID 27809767) Tanih NF, et al. 2011. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105(3):251-9 Characterisation of the genes encoding resistance to metronidazole (rdxA and frxA) and clarithromycin (the 23S-rRNA genes) in South African isolates of Helicobacter pylori. (PMID 21801504) Lauener FN, et al. 2019. J Clin Med 8(1): Genetic Determinants and Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes in Helicobacter pylori. (PMID 30621024) Zhang Y, et al. 2020. Infect Drug Resist 13:311-322 Mutations in the Antibiotic Target Genes Related to Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Strains from Children in China. (PMID 32099422) Somi MH, et al. 2017. Trop Biomed 34(2):346-351 Evaluation of frxA and rdxA gene mutations in clinical metronidazole resistance Helicobacter pylori isolates. (PMID 33593015) Guzman K, et al. 2023. Front Microbiol 14:1198325 The Helicobacter pylori single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs associated with multiple therapy resistance in Colombia. (PMID 37485536) |
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori rdxA mutation conferring resistance to metronidazole among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helicobacter pylori | 73.59% | 0% | 52.48% | 0% |
Model Type: protein variant model
Model Definition: Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 400
Legend:
Published Variants:
| PMID: 24827414 | R16C R16H C19Y T31E R90K H97T S108A A118T A118S G189C |
| PMID: 9622362 | K64N A68E P106S |
| PMID: 10681326 | A67V |
| PMID: 31744181 | A1G Q50STOP Q5STOP |
| PMID: 27809767 | L13fs C148Y R16H,S108A,R176C,S196N G189S 45615,M21V,A80T,Q119STOP+45620,A70V 45615,N73STOP+45620,R3T 45615,Q11STOP+45620,Q5STOP N73STOP |
| PMID: 21801504 | 45615,E27V+45620,V44G,Y60F |
| PMID: 30621024 | G112fs T162fs C18fs A190fs T38fs A50STOP T62fs A96fs |
| PMID: 32099422 | G47A C49T G60A T184G C273T |
| PMID: 33593015 | D59N H97Y L210V |
| PMID: 37485536 | D59S D59STOP |