| Accession | ARO:3002895 |
| CARD Short Name | SAT-2 |
| Definition | SAT-2 is a plasmid-mediated streptothricin acetyltransferase, which confers resistance to streptothricin, a nucleoside antibiotic. Originally described from an E. coli plasmid sequence by Heim et al., 1989. |
| AMR Gene Family | streptothricin acetyltransferase (SAT) |
| Drug Class | nucleoside antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic inactivation |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Acinetobacter baumanniig+p+wgs+gi, Acinetobacter indicusp, Acinetobacter lwoffiiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaewgs, Aeromonas caviaeg, Aeromonas hydrophilag, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs+gi, Citrobacter portucalensisg+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensiswgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Neisseria brasiliensisg+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisg+wgs+gi, Providencia heimbachaeg+wgs+gi, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+wgs+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+wgs, Serratia liquefacienswgs, Serratia marcescenswgs, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs+gi, Shigella sonneig+p+wgs+gi, Vibrio choleraewgs, Vibrio fluvialiswgs, Vibrio vulnificuswgs, Yersinia enterocoliticawgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniig+p+wgs+gi, Acinetobacter indicusp, Acinetobacter lwoffiiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaewgs, Aeromonas caviaeg, Aeromonas hydrophilag, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs+gi, Citrobacter portucalensisg+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensiswgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Neisseria brasiliensisg+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisg+wgs+gi, Providencia heimbachaeg+wgs+gi, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+wgs+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+wgs, Serratia liquefacienswgs, Serratia marcescenswgs, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs+gi, Shigella sonneig+p+wgs+gi, Vibrio choleraewgs, Vibrio fluvialiswgs, Vibrio vulnificuswgs, Yersinia enterocoliticawgs |
| Classification | 8 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic inactivation [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic inactivation enzyme + acylation of antibiotic conferring resistance + nucleoside antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic streptothricin [Antibiotic] + streptothricin acetyltransferase (SAT) [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Heim U, et al. 1989. Nucleic Acids Res 17(17): 7103. Nucleotide sequence of a plasmid born streptothricin-acetyl-transferase gene (sat-1). (PMID 2550905) Tietze E, et al. 1990. Nucleic Acids Res 18(5): 1283. Nucleotide sequence of the streptothricin-acetyl-transferase gene sat-2. (PMID 2157196) |
Prevalence of SAT-2 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1.42% | 0.16% | 1.51% | 1.26% |
| Acinetobacter indicus | 0% | 3.77% | 0% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter lwoffii | 0% | 0% | 2.63% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 0% | 18.75% | 3.85% | 0% |
| Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 2.38% | 0% |
| Aeromonas caviae | 2.27% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 1.54% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Alcaligenes faecalis | 0% | 0% | 8.82% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 12.3% | 0% | 6.96% | 36.36% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 3.7% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 2.56% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 0% | 6.25% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0% | 0.79% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 1.79% | 0% | 3.51% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0% | 0% | 2.24% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0% | 0.87% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0% | 0.36% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 0% | 0% | 0.65% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 1.1% | 0.07% | 2.12% | 1.28% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 0.71% | 1.09% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0% | 1.6% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 5.13% | 0% | 9.24% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2.96% | 0.07% | 1.16% | 2.86% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 0.26% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 19.23% | 0% | 11.66% | 23.08% |
| Neisseria brasiliensis | 100% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Proteus columbae | 100% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 28.44% | 2.5% | 17.33% | 22.22% |
| Proteus penneri | 0% | 0% | 12.5% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 27.27% | 0% | 22.22% | 100% |
| Providencia heimbachae | 50% | 0% | 14.29% | 100% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 23.53% | 10.81% | 22.93% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 6.25% | 0% | 11.36% | 33.33% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0% | 0.03% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 0% | 0% | 5.13% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.06% | 0% | 0.44% | 0% |
| Serratia liquefaciens | 0% | 0% | 3.17% | 0% |
| Serratia marcescens | 0% | 0% | 6.68% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 13.33% | 0% | 23.33% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 21.43% | 0% | 20% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 17% | 0.4% | 56.21% | 11.9% |
| Shigella sonnei | 70.73% | 0.97% | 73.34% | 23.81% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 0% | 0% | 0.19% | 0% |
| Vibrio fluvialis | 0% | 0% | 1.33% | 0% |
| Vibrio vulnificus | 0% | 0% | 0.41% | 0% |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 0% | 0% | 0.91% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 300