| Ontology | CARD's Antibiotic Resistance Ontology |
| Accession | ARO:3009231 |
| Synonym(s) | Nakaseomyces glabratus |
| Definition | Glucan synthase FKS1 is involved in the production of the fungal cell wall by the synthesis of the core component beta-1,3-glucan in some fungi. Mutations in FKS2 have been shown to confer resistance to echinocandin antibiotics. |
| AMR Gene Family | echinocandin-resistant beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase |
| Drug Class | echinocandin antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Classification | 11 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic resistance gene variant or mutant + antifungal resistant beta-1,3-glucan synthase + echinocandin antibiotic [Drug Class] + cell wall synthesis enzyme targeted by antibiotic |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic caspofungin [Antibiotic] + echinocandin-resistant beta-1,3-D-glucan synthase [AMR Gene Family] + derives_from antifungal-susceptible beta-1,3-glucan synthase |
| Publications | Garcia-Effron G, et al. 2009. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(9):3690-9 Effect of Candida glabrata FKS1 and FKS2 mutations on echinocandin sensitivity and kinetics of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase: implication for the existing susceptibility breakpoint. (PMID 19546367) Alexander BD, et al. 2013. Clin Infect Dis 56(12):1724-32 Increasing echinocandin resistance in Candida glabrata: clinical failure correlates with presence of FKS mutations and elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations. (PMID 23487382) Castanheira M, et al. 2014. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(1):577-80 Frequency of fks mutations among Candida glabrata isolates from a 10-year global collection of bloodstream infection isolates. (PMID 24126582) Pfaller MA, et al. 2014. J Clin Microbiol 52(1):108-14 Use of micafungin as a surrogate marker to predict susceptibility and resistance to caspofungin among 3,764 clinical isolates of Candida by use of CLSI methods and interpretive criteria. (PMID 24153129) Dudiuk C, et al. 2014. J Clin Microbiol 52(7):2609-14 Set of classical PCRs for detection of mutations in Candida glabrata FKS genes linked with echinocandin resistance. (PMID 24829248) Garnaud C, et al. 2015. J Antimicrob Chemother 70(9):2556-65 Next-generation sequencing offers new insights into the resistance of Candida spp. to echinocandins and azoles. (PMID 26017039) Castanheira M, et al. 2017. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61(10): Monitoring Antifungal Resistance in a Global Collection of Invasive Yeasts and Molds: Application of CLSI Epidemiological Cutoff Values and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis for Detection of Azole Resistance in Candida albicans. (PMID 28784671) Pfaller MA, et al. 2019. Open Forum Infect Dis 6(Suppl 1):S79-S94 Twenty Years of the SENTRY Antifungal Surveillance Program: Results for Candida Species From 1997-2016. (PMID 30895218) Castanheira M, et al. 2020. Int J Antimicrob Agents 55(1):105799 Analysis of global antifungal surveillance results reveals predominance of Erg11 Y132F alteration among azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis and country-specific isolate dissemination. (PMID 31520783) Desnos-Ollivier M, et al. 2022. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 66(5):e0172521 Echinocandins Susceptibility Patterns of 2,787 Yeast Isolates: Importance of the Thresholds for the Detection of FKS Mutations. (PMID 35412354) Garcia-Effron G, et al. 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(5):2225-7 Novel FKS mutations associated with echinocandin resistance in Candida species. (PMID 20145084) Zimbeck AJ, et al. 2010. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(12):5042-7 FKS mutations and elevated echinocandin MIC values among Candida glabrata isolates from U.S. population-based surveillance. (PMID 20837754) Arendrup MC, et al. 2012. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(5):2435-42 Differential in vivo activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida glabrata isolates with and without FKS resistance mutations. (PMID 22354305) Lepak A, et al. 2012. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(11):5875-82 Optimizing Echinocandin dosing and susceptibility breakpoint determination via in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation against Candida glabrata with and without fks mutations. (PMID 22948870) Pham CD, et al. 2014. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(8):4690-6 Role of FKS Mutations in Candida glabrata: MIC values, echinocandin resistance, and multidrug resistance. (PMID 24890592) Fraser M, et al. 2020. Med Mycol 58(2):219-226 Resistance to echinocandin antifungal agents in the United Kingdom in clinical isolates of Candida glabrata: Fifteen years of interpretation and assessment. (PMID 31111912) Coste AT, et al. 2020. Infection 48(5):761-766 Emerging echinocandin-resistant Candida albicans and glabrata in Switzerland. (PMID 32661647) Cleary JD, et al. 2008. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(6):2263-5 Reduced Candida glabrata susceptibility secondary to an FKS1 mutation developed during candidemia treatment. (PMID 18378714) Shields RK, et al. 2012. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(9):4862-9 The presence of an FKS mutation rather than MIC is an independent risk factor for failure of echinocandin therapy among patients with invasive candidiasis due to Candida glabrata. (PMID 22751546) Memon S, et al. 2023. Mycoses 66(1):52-58 Analysis of fks1 and fks2 gene mutations in invasive Candida glabrata strains from Pakistan. (PMID 36106428) Shields RK, et al. 2015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59(12):7465-70 Rate of FKS Mutations among Consecutive Candida Isolates Causing Bloodstream Infection. (PMID 26392494) Spettel K, et al. 2019. PLoS One 14(1):e0210397 Analysis of antifungal resistance genes in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata using next generation sequencing. (PMID 30629653) |
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