| Accession | ARO:3002655 |
| Synonym(s) | hph |
| CARD Short Name | APH(4)-Ia |
| Definition | APH(4)-Ia is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli. |
| AMR Gene Family | APH(4) |
| Drug Class | aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic inactivation |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Acinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter johnsoniiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp, Klebsiella oxytocap, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella flexnerig+p, Shigella sonneiwgs, Streptococcus suiswgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter johnsoniiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Bacillus subtilisg, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp, Klebsiella oxytocap, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Listeria monocytogeneswgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella flexnerig+p, Shigella sonneiwgs, Streptococcus suiswgs |
| Classification | 11 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic inactivation [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic inactivation enzyme + aminoglycoside modifying enzyme + phosphorylation of antibiotic conferring resistance + antibiotic molecule + aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH) + aminoglycoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + APH(4) [AMR Gene Family] |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Kaster KR, et al. 1983. Nucleic Acids Res 11(19): 6895-6911. Analysis of a bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene by transcriptional and translational fusions and by DNA sequencing. (PMID 6314265) |
Prevalence of APH(4)-Ia among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0% | 0.05% | 0.03% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter johnsonii | 0% | 0% | 1.82% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 0% | 12.5% | 3.85% | 0% |
| Bacillus subtilis | 0.36% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 0% | 0.31% | 0.58% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 0% | 6.25% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 0% | 0.96% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0% | 0% | 0.22% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0% | 0.72% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 0% | 0% | 0.65% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0.24% | 0.49% | 1.92% | 0.51% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 2.85% | 7.61% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0.57% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 0% | 1.37% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1.01% | 0.68% | 2.11% | 1.9% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0.85% | 0.79% | 0% |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 0% | 0% | 0.02% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 11.54% | 0% | 4.29% | 15.38% |
| Proteus columbae | 100% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 33.94% | 2.5% | 5.61% | 25.93% |
| Proteus penneri | 0% | 0% | 25% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 0% | 11.11% | 5.56% | 0% |
| Providencia alcalifaciens | 18.18% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 5.88% | 5.41% | 6.37% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 6.25% | 0% | 0% | 33.33% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0.29% | 0.06% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 1.07% | 5.2% | 1.98% | 2.32% |
| Shigella flexneri | 1% | 0.8% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 0% | 0% | 0.15% | 0% |
| Streptococcus suis | 0% | 0% | 0.05% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 600
