APH(4)-Ia

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Accession ARO:3002655
Synonym(s)hph
CARD Short NameAPH(4)-Ia
DefinitionAPH(4)-Ia is a plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside phosphotransferase in E. coli.
AMR Gene FamilyAPH(4)
Drug Classaminoglycoside antibiotic
Resistance Mechanismantibiotic inactivation
Resistomes with Perfect MatchesAcinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter johnsoniiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp, Klebsiella oxytocap, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella flexnerig+p, Shigella sonneiwgs, Streptococcus suiswgs
Resistomes with Sequence VariantsAcinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter johnsoniiwgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Bacillus subtilisg, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp, Klebsiella oxytocap, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Listeria monocytogeneswgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus columbaeg+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella flexnerig+p, Shigella sonneiwgs, Streptococcus suiswgs
Classification11 ontology terms | Show
Parent Term(s)2 ontology terms | Show
+ confers_resistance_to_antibiotic hygromycin B [Antibiotic]
+ APH(4)-I
Publications

Kaster KR, et al. 1983. Nucleic Acids Res 11(19): 6895-6911. Analysis of a bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene by transcriptional and translational fusions and by DNA sequencing. (PMID 6314265)

Resistomes

Prevalence of APH(4)-Ia among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).

Prevalence: protein homolog model (view sequences)

SpeciesNCBI ChromosomeNCBI PlasmidNCBI WGSNCBI GI
Acinetobacter baumannii0%0.05%0.03%0%
Acinetobacter johnsonii0%0%1.82%0%
Acinetobacter towneri0%12.5%3.85%0%
Bacillus subtilis0.36%0%0%0%
Citrobacter freundii0%0.31%0.58%0%
Citrobacter portucalensis0%0%1.8%0%
Citrobacter youngae0%0%6.25%0%
Enterobacter cloacae0%0%0.96%0%
Enterobacter hormaechei0%0%0.22%0%
Enterobacter roggenkampii0%0%0.72%0%
Escherichia albertii0%0%0.65%0%
Escherichia coli0.24%0.49%1.92%0.51%
Escherichia fergusonii0%2.85%7.61%0%
Klebsiella michiganensis0%0.57%0%0%
Klebsiella oxytoca0%1.37%0%0%
Klebsiella pneumoniae1.01%0.68%2.11%1.9%
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae0%0.85%0.79%0%
Listeria monocytogenes0%0%0.02%0%
Morganella morganii11.54%0%4.29%15.38%
Proteus columbae100%0%0%50%
Proteus mirabilis33.94%2.5%5.61%25.93%
Proteus penneri0%0%25%0%
Proteus vulgaris0%11.11%5.56%0%
Providencia alcalifaciens18.18%0%0%0%
Providencia rettgeri5.88%5.41%6.37%0%
Providencia stuartii6.25%0%0%33.33%
Pseudomonas aeruginosa0%0.29%0.06%0%
Salmonella enterica1.07%5.2%1.98%2.32%
Shigella flexneri1%0.8%0%0%
Shigella sonnei0%0%0.15%0%
Streptococcus suis0%0%0.05%0%
Show Perfect Only


Detection Models

Model Type: protein homolog model

Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.

Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 600


>gb|CAA24743.1|+|APH(4)-Ia [Escherichia coli]
MKKPELTATSVEKFLIEKFDSVSDLMQLSEGEESRAFSFDVGGRGYVLRVNSCADGFYKDRYVYRHFASAALPIPEVLDIGEFSESLTYC
ISRRAQGVTLQDLPETELPAVLQPVAEAMDAIAAADLSQTSGFGPFGPQGIGQYTTWRDFICAIADPHVYHWQTVMDDTVSASVAQALDE
LMLWAEDCPEVRHLVHADFGSNNVLTDNGRITAVIDWSEAMFGDSQYEVANIFFWRPWLACMEQQTRYFERRHPELAGSPRLRAYMLRIG
LDQLYQSLVDGNFDDAAWAQGRCDAIVRSGAGTVGRTQIARRSAAVWTDGCVEVLADSGNRRPSTRPRAKE


>gb|V01499.1|+|231-1256|APH(4)-Ia [Escherichia coli]
ATGAAAAAGCCTGAACTCACCGCGACGTCTGTCGAGAAGTTTCTGATCGAAAAGTTCGACAGCGTCTCCGACCTGATGCAGCTCTCGGAG
GGCGAAGAATCTCGTGCTTTCAGCTTCGATGTAGGAGGGCGTGGATATGTCCTGCGGGTAAATAGCTGCGCCGATGGTTTCTACAAAGAT
CGTTATGTTTATCGGCACTTTGCATCGGCCGCGCTCCCGATTCCGGAAGTGCTTGACATTGGGGAATTCAGCGAGAGCCTGACCTATTGC
ATCTCCCGCCGTGCACAGGGTGTCACGTTGCAAGACCTGCCTGAAACCGAACTGCCCGCTGTTCTGCAGCCGGTCGCGGAGGCCATGGAT
GCGATCGCTGCGGCCGATCTTAGCCAGACGAGCGGGTTCGGCCCATTCGGACCGCAAGGAATCGGTCAATACACTACATGGCGTGATTTC
ATATGCGCGATTGCTGATCCCCATGTGTATCACTGGCAAACTGTGATGGACGACACCGTCAGTGCGTCCGTCGCGCAGGCTCTCGATGAG
CTGATGCTTTGGGCCGAGGACTGCCCCGAAGTCCGGCACCTCGTGCACGCGGATTTCGGCTCCAACAATGTCCTGACGGACAATGGCCGC
ATAACAGCGGTCATTGACTGGAGCGAGGCGATGTTCGGGGATTCCCAATACGAGGTCGCCAACATCTTCTTCTGGAGGCCGTGGTTGGCT
TGTATGGAGCAGCAGACGCGCTACTTCGAGCGGAGGCATCCGGAGCTTGCAGGATCGCCGCGGCTCCGGGCGTATATGCTCCGCATTGGT
CTTGACCAACTCTATCAGAGCTTGGTTGACGGCAATTTCGATGATGCAGCTTGGGCGCAGGGTCGATGCGACGCAATCGTCCGATCCGGA
GCCGGGACTGTCGGGCGTACACAAATCGCCCGCAGAAGCGCGGCCGTCTGGACCGATGGCTGTGTAGAAGTACTCGCCGATAGTGGAAAC
CGACGCCCCAGCACTCGTCCGAGGGCAAAGGAATAG