| Accession | ARO:3002705 |
| CARD Short Name | floR |
| Definition | floR is a plasmid or chromosome-encoded chloramphenicol exporter that is found in Bordetella bronchiseptica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. DT104 and Vibrio cholerae. |
| AMR Gene Family | major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | phenicol antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaewgs, Salmonella entericap+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniig+p+wgs, Acinetobacter haemolyticusp, Acinetobacter indicusg+p+wgs, Acinetobacter johnsoniig+wgs, Acinetobacter juniip+wgs, Acinetobacter lwoffiiwgs, Acinetobacter nosocomialiswgs, Acinetobacter pittiip+wgs, Acinetobacter towneriwgs, Aeromonas caviaeg+wgs, Aeromonas hydrophilawgs, Aeromonas veroniip, Citrobacter amalonaticuswgs, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter koseriwgs, Citrobacter portucalensisp+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Enterobacter chengduensiswgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogeneswgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgeriwgs, Providencia stuartiip, Pseudomonas aeruginosag+wgs, Pseudomonas monteiliiwgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs, Serratia marcescenswgs, Shewanella putrefaciensg, Shigella boydiiwgs, Shigella flexnerip, Shigella sonneiwgs, Stenotrophomonas maltophiliag, Vibrio alginolyticusg, Vibrio choleraeg+p+wgs, Vibrio fluvialiswgs, Vibrio harveyiwgs, Vibrio neocaledonicusg, Vibrio parahaemolyticusg+wgs, Vibrio vulnificuswgs |
| Classification | 10 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + florfenicol [Antibiotic] + major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + flo + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic florfenicol [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Arcangioli MA, et al. 1999. FEMS Microbiol Lett 174(2): 327-332. A new chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance gene flanked by two integron structures in Salmonella typhimurium DT104. (PMID 10339826) Boyd D, et al. 2001. J Bacteriol 183(19): 5725-5732. Complete nucleotide sequence of a 43-kilobase genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and its identification in phage type DT120 and serovar Agona. (PMID 11544236) Blickwede M, et al. 2003. J Antimicrob Chemother 53(1): 58-64. Molecular analysis of florfenicol-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from pigs. (PMID 14645321) Frech G, et al. 2002. J Antimicrob Chemother 51(1): 180-182. Resistance phenotypes and genotypes of multiresistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium var. Copenhagen isolates from animal sources. (PMID 12493808) Cloeckaert A, et al. 2001. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(8): 2381-2382. Nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance mediated by IncC plasmid R55 is encoded by a floR gene variant. (PMID 11451703) Kim S, et al. 2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis 6(4): 471-479. An additional novel antimicrobial resistance gene cluster in Salmonella genomic island 1 of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 human isolate. (PMID 19292580) Hochhut B, et al. 2001. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45(11): 2991-3000. Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins. (PMID 11600347) Beaber JW, et al. 2002. J Bacteriol 184(15): 4259-4269. Genomic and functional analyses of SXT, an integrating antibiotic resistance gene transfer element derived from Vibrio cholerae. (PMID 12107144) Kadlec K, et al. 2007. J Antimicrob Chemother 59(2): 191-196. Efflux-mediated resistance to florfenicol and/or chloramphenicol in Bordetella bronchiseptica: identification of a novel chloramphenicol exporter. (PMID 17224413) Cloeckaert A, et al. 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44(10): 2858-2860. Plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance encoded by the floR gene in Escherichia coli isolated from cattle. (PMID 10991873) White DG, et al. 2000. J Clin Microbiol 38(12): 4593-4598. Characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in Escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea. (PMID 11101601) |
Prevalence of floR among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 2.83% | 0.36% | 2.13% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter haemolyticus | 0% | 2.44% | 0% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter indicus | 4.76% | 3.77% | 3.9% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter johnsonii | 5.26% | 0% | 7.27% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter junii | 0% | 16.67% | 1.49% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter lwoffii | 0% | 0% | 2.63% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter nosocomialis | 0% | 0% | 3.45% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter pittii | 0% | 1.48% | 2.56% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 0% | 0% | 7.69% | 0% |
| Aeromonas caviae | 4.55% | 0% | 2.69% | 0% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0% | 0% | 1.61% | 0% |
| Aeromonas veronii | 0% | 1.54% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 0% | 0% | 7.27% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 0% | 0.31% | 2.13% | 0% |
| Citrobacter koseri | 0% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 2.94% | 0.9% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 2.56% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 0% | 12.5% | 0% |
| Enterobacter chengduensis | 0% | 0% | 8% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 0% | 0.32% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 1.08% | 0% | 0.56% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0.1% | 0.48% | 1.29% | 0% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 1.07% | 3.26% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 0% | 0.28% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0.57% | 0.27% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0.06% | 0.48% | 1.2% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 0.79% | 0% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 3.67% | 2.5% | 6.11% | 0% |
| Providencia alcalifaciens | 9.09% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 0% | 0% | 1.91% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 0% | 2.27% | 0% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0.92% | 0% | 0.21% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas monteilii | 0% | 0% | 4.76% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.25% | 4.21% | 2.15% | 0% |
| Serratia marcescens | 0% | 0% | 0.13% | 0% |
| Shewanella putrefaciens | 11.11% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 0% | 0% | 2.22% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 0% | 2.81% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 0% | 0% | 0.58% | 0% |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 1.12% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Vibrio alginolyticus | 1.23% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 7.17% | 10.53% | 21.53% | 0% |
| Vibrio fluvialis | 0% | 0% | 2.67% | 0% |
| Vibrio harveyi | 0% | 0% | 2% | 0% |
| Vibrio neocaledonicus | 50% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 0.32% | 0% | 0.36% | 0% |
| Vibrio vulnificus | 0% | 0% | 0.41% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 750