| Accession | ARO:3002854 |
| Synonym(s) | dfr1 dhfrI |
| CARD Short Name | dfrA1 |
| Definition | dfrA1 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase. |
| AMR Gene Family | trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr |
| Drug Class | diaminopyrimidine antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target replacement |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Aeromonas caviaewgs, Aeromonas hydrophilap, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Citrobacter amalonaticuswgs, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheip+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocawgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaep+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Proteus mirabilisg+wgs, Providencia heimbachaep, Providencia rettgeriwgs, Providencia stuartiiwgs, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Pseudomonas monteiliiwgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaep+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs, Shigella sonneiwgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniig+p+wgs, Acinetobacter lwoffiiwgs, Acinetobacter pittiip+wgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeg+wgs, Aeromonas caviaewgs, Aeromonas hydrophilap+wgs, Aeromonas veroniiwgs, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Burkholderia cenocepaciawgs, Citrobacter amalonaticuswgs, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensisg+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaewgs, Corynebacterium diphtheriaeg+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+p+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Laribacter hongkongensiswgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs, Pasteurella multocidag+wgs, Plesiomonas shigelloideswgs, Proteus columbaeg, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisg+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia heimbachaeg+p+wgs, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+wgs, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Pseudomonas monteiliiwgs, Pseudomonas stutzeriwgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs, Serratia liquefacienswgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Shewanella putrefaciensp, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+p+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs, Shigella sonneig+p+wgs, Vibrio choleraeg+wgs, Vibrio vulnificuswgs, Yersinia enterocoliticawgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target replacement [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + determinant of antibiotic resistance + diaminopyrimidine antibiotic [Drug Class] + antibiotic target replacement protein + trimethoprim [Antibiotic] + antibiotic resistant dihydrofolate reductase |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr [AMR Gene Family] + derives_from antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate reductase + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic trimethoprim [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Saenz Y, et al. 2004. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48(10): 3996-4001. Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins. (PMID 15388464) |
Prevalence of dfrA1 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1.59% | 0.36% | 1.63% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter lwoffii | 0% | 0% | 2.63% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter pittii | 0% | 0.49% | 0.85% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 0% | 18.75% | 3.85% | 0% |
| Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae | 2.78% | 0% | 2.38% | 0% |
| Aeromonas caviae | 0% | 0% | 2.69% | 0% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0% | 1.3% | 0.81% | 0% |
| Aeromonas veronii | 0% | 0% | 0.56% | 0% |
| Alcaligenes faecalis | 0% | 0% | 14.71% | 0% |
| Burkholderia cenocepacia | 0% | 0% | 0.22% | 0% |
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 0% | 0% | 1.82% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 14.75% | 0% | 9.48% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 7.41% | 0% | 5.41% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 15.38% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 0% | 6.25% | 0% |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1.85% | 0% | 0.31% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0% | 2.77% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 3.57% | 0% | 6.07% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0.36% | 0.84% | 5.31% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0% | 4.8% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 0% | 0% | 0.65% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 1.36% | 0.51% | 4.36% | 0% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 1.07% | 2.17% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 2.17% | 0.28% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0.57% | 1.6% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 5.13% | 0% | 8.4% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0.24% | 1.13% | 4.38% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0.85% | 3.82% | 0% |
| Laribacter hongkongensis | 0% | 0% | 2.08% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 17.31% | 0% | 9.82% | 0% |
| Pasteurella multocida | 0.71% | 0% | 1.12% | 0% |
| Plesiomonas shigelloides | 0% | 0% | 3.45% | 0% |
| Proteus columbae | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 43.12% | 3.75% | 20.46% | 0% |
| Proteus penneri | 0% | 0% | 12.5% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 18.18% | 0% | 22.22% | 0% |
| Providencia alcalifaciens | 9.09% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Providencia heimbachae | 50% | 100% | 14.29% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 47.06% | 5.41% | 18.47% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 18.75% | 0% | 18.18% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0.29% | 0.19% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas monteilii | 0% | 0% | 2.38% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri | 0% | 0% | 3.82% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 0% | 0% | 2.56% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.76% | 0.55% | 1.29% | 0% |
| Serratia liquefaciens | 0% | 0% | 1.59% | 0% |
| Serratia marcescens | 0% | 0.65% | 5.11% | 0% |
| Shewanella putrefaciens | 0% | 20% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 13.33% | 0% | 22.22% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 21.43% | 4.55% | 23.33% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 20% | 0.8% | 56.21% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 70.73% | 0.97% | 74.43% | 0% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 6.73% | 0% | 29.27% | 0% |
| Vibrio vulnificus | 0% | 0% | 0.41% | 0% |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 0% | 0% | 0.91% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 300