| Accession | ARO:3002854 |
| Synonym(s) | dfr1 |
| CARD Short Name | dfrA1 |
| Definition | dfrA1 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase. |
| AMR Gene Family | trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr |
| Drug Class | diaminopyrimidine antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target replacement |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Aeromonas hydrophilap, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Citrobacter amalonaticuswgs, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheip+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocawgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaep+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaewgs, Proteus mirabilisg+wgs, Providencia heimbachaep, Providencia rettgeriwgs, Providencia stuartiiwgs, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaep+wgs, Shigella flexneriwgs, Shigella sonneiwgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniig+p+wgs, Acinetobacter lwoffiiwgs, Acinetobacter pittiip+wgs, Acinetobacter townerip+wgs, Aeromonas caviaewgs, Aeromonas hydrophilap, Aeromonas veroniiwgs, Alcaligenes faecaliswgs, Citrobacter amalonaticuswgs, Citrobacter freundiig+p+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Corynebacterium diphtheriaeg+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaewgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+p+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiiwgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocawgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaep+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs, Pasteurella multocidawgs, Proteus columbaeg, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisg+wgs, Providencia heimbachaeg+p+wgs, Providencia rettgerig+p+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+wgs, Pseudomonas aeruginosap+wgs, Pseudomonas stutzeriwgs, Raoultella planticolap+wgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Shewanella putrefaciensp, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+p+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+wgs, Shigella sonneiwgs, Vibrio choleraeg+wgs, Vibrio parahaemolyticuswgs, Vibrio vulnificuswgs, Yersinia enterocoliticawgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target replacement [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic target replacement protein + diaminopyrimidine antibiotic [Drug Class] + trimethoprim [Antibiotic] + antibiotic resistant dihydrofolate reductase |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic trimethoprim [Antibiotic] + derives_from antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate reductase + trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Saenz Y, et al. 2004. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48(10): 3996-4001. Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins. (PMID 15388464) |
Prevalence of dfrA1 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 263 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 1.25% | 0.38% | 1.64% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter lwoffii | 0% | 0% | 4.76% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter pittii | 0% | 0.57% | 0.74% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 0% | 9.09% | 5.26% | 0% |
| Aeromonas caviae | 0% | 0% | 0.9% | 0% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0% | 2.78% | 0% | 0% |
| Aeromonas veronii | 0% | 0% | 0.79% | 0% |
| Alcaligenes faecalis | 0% | 0% | 21.74% | 0% |
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 0% | 0% | 2.08% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 9.23% | 0.26% | 12.15% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 0% | 10% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 9.52% | 0% |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3.45% | 0% | 0.39% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0% | 2.08% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 0% | 7.27% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0.6% | 2.04% | 6.37% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0% | 6.56% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0% | 2.42% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 0% | 0% | 1.15% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 1.29% | 0.43% | 4.74% | 0% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 0% | 0.8% | 1.54% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 2.9% | 0.63% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 2.4% | 0.65% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 0% | 0% | 8.76% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0% | 1.12% | 4.83% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0.82% | 3.76% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 18.37% | 0% | 7.64% | 0% |
| Pasteurella multocida | 0% | 0% | 1.05% | 0% |
| Proteus columbae | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 45% | 4.84% | 32.41% | 0% |
| Proteus penneri | 0% | 0% | 16.67% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 22.22% | 0% | 20% | 0% |
| Providencia heimbachae | 50% | 100% | 33.33% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 48.28% | 6.06% | 20.69% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 18.18% | 0% | 16.28% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0.34% | 0.18% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri | 0% | 0% | 5.1% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 0% | 2.27% | 2.94% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.91% | 0.69% | 1.43% | 0% |
| Serratia marcescens | 0% | 0.71% | 5.9% | 0% |
| Shewanella putrefaciens | 0% | 25% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 14.29% | 0% | 22.58% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 9.09% | 5.56% | 21.43% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 26.32% | 0% | 58.82% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 0% | 0% | 74.54% | 0% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 6.47% | 0% | 31.4% | 0% |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 0% | 0% | 0.13% | 0% |
| Vibrio vulnificus | 0% | 0% | 0.43% | 0% |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 0% | 0% | 0.55% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: The protein homolog model is an AMR detection model. Protein homolog models detect a protein sequence based on its similarity to a curated reference sequence. A protein homolog model has only one parameter: a curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff for determining the strength of a match. Protein homolog model matches to reference sequences are categorized on three criteria: perfect, strict and loose. A perfect match is 100% identical to the reference sequence along its entire length; a strict match is not identical but the bitscore of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bitscore cutoff. Loose matches are other sequences with a match bitscore less than the curated BLASTP bitscore.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 300