| Accession | ARO:3002858 |
| CARD Short Name | dfrA12 |
| Definition | dfrA12 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Vibrio cholerae. |
| AMR Gene Family | trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr |
| Drug Class | diaminopyrimidine antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target replacement |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Acinetobacter baumanniig+wgs+gi, Acinetobacter indicusg, Aeromonas caviaep+wgs, Aeromonas hydrophilawgs, Aeromonas veroniig+p+wgs+gi, Bordetella trematumgi, Citrobacter freundiig+p+wgs, Citrobacter koserig, Citrobacter portucalensisp+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaep+wgs, Cronobacter malonaticuswgs, Edwardsiella tardag+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter chengduensiswgs, Enterobacter cloacaep+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+p+wgs, Enterobacter kobeip+wgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniig+p+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocap+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Laribacter hongkongensiswgs, Leclercia adecarboxylatawgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerip+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+p+wgs+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella boydiiwgs, Shigella dysenteriaewgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs, Vibrio choleraewgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniig+wgs+gi, Acinetobacter indicusg, Aeromonas caviaep+wgs, Aeromonas hydrophilawgs, Aeromonas veroniig+p+wgs+gi, Bordetella trematumgi, Citrobacter freundiig+p+wgs, Citrobacter koserig, Citrobacter portucalensisp+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniiwgs, Citrobacter youngaep+wgs, Cronobacter malonaticuswgs, Edwardsiella tardag+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter chengduensiswgs, Enterobacter cloacaep+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+p+wgs, Enterobacter kobeip+wgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiiwgs, Escherichia albertiig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniig+p+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella michiganensisp+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocap+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+p+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Laribacter hongkongensiswgs, Leclercia adecarboxylatawgs, Morganella morganiig+wgs+gi, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus penneriwgs, Proteus vulgarisp+wgs, Providencia alcalifaciensg, Providencia rettgerip+wgs, Providencia stuartiig+p+wgs+gi, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolawgs, Salmonella entericag+p+wgs+gi, Shigella boydiiwgs, Shigella dysenteriaewgs, Shigella flexnerig+p+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs, Vibrio choleraewgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target replacement [Resistance Mechanism] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + diaminopyrimidine antibiotic [Drug Class] + antibiotic target replacement protein + antibiotic resistant dihydrofolate reductase + trimethoprim [Antibiotic] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr [AMR Gene Family] + derives_from antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate reductase + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic trimethoprim [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Thungapathra M, et al. 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46(9): 2948-2955. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6')-Ib, dfrA5, dfrA12, and ereA2 in class I integrons in non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in India. (PMID 12183252) Miriagou V, et al. 2010. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(10):4497-502 Sequence of pNL194, a 79.3-kilobase IncN plasmid carrying the blaVIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae. (PMID 20660690) |
Prevalence of dfrA12 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0.18% | 0% | 0.13% | 1.26% |
| Acinetobacter indicus | 4.76% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Aeromonas caviae | 0% | 1.3% | 8.6% | 0% |
| Aeromonas hydrophila | 0% | 0% | 4.84% | 0% |
| Aeromonas veronii | 5.45% | 3.08% | 2.81% | 12.5% |
| Bordetella trematum | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 1.64% | 1.85% | 6.96% | 0% |
| Citrobacter koseri | 6.25% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 4.41% | 13.51% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 0% | 0% | 28.21% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 0% | 9.09% | 6.25% | 0% |
| Cronobacter malonaticus | 0% | 0% | 1.82% | 0% |
| Edwardsiella tarda | 10% | 0% | 6.67% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0% | 0.79% | 0% |
| Enterobacter chengduensis | 0% | 0% | 8% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 1.12% | 3.83% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0.36% | 1.29% | 4.45% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0.69% | 2.62% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0% | 1.44% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 1.43% | 0% | 1.94% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0.86% | 2.02% | 5.58% | 1.02% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 1.64% | 2.49% | 4.35% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 4% | 3.26% | 1.13% | 25% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 1.71% | 0.8% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 0% | 1.37% | 2.94% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 1.24% | 3.89% | 15.97% | 3.81% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 2.12% | 8.68% | 0% |
| Laribacter hongkongensis | 0% | 0% | 2.08% | 0% |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | 0% | 0% | 6.98% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 15.38% | 0% | 4.29% | 23.08% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 15.6% | 7.5% | 4.29% | 14.81% |
| Proteus penneri | 0% | 0% | 12.5% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 0% | 11.11% | 5.56% | 0% |
| Providencia alcalifaciens | 9.09% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 0% | 2.7% | 4.46% | 0% |
| Providencia stuartii | 12.5% | 2.27% | 2.27% | 33.33% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0% | 0.06% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 0% | 0% | 2.56% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 1.64% | 4.81% | 1.57% | 2.98% |
| Shigella boydii | 0% | 0% | 4.44% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 0% | 0% | 3.33% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 1% | 6.83% | 1.09% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 2.44% | 0% | 1.9% | 0% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 0% | 0% | 0.38% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 300