| Accession | ARO:3003014 |
| CARD Short Name | dfrA16 |
| Definition | dfrA16 is an integron-encoded dihydrofolate reductase found in Salmonella enterica. |
| AMR Gene Family | trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr |
| Drug Class | diaminopyrimidine antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target replacement |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Acinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter indicusp, Acinetobacter townerig+gi, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Enterobacter asburiaep+wgs, Enterobacter cloacaep+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheip+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiip+wgs, Escherichia colip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp, Klebsiella pneumoniaewgs, Morganella morganiiwgs, Proteus mirabilisg+wgs, Proteus vulgariswgs, Salmonella entericawgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Vibrio choleraeg+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Acinetobacter baumanniip+wgs, Acinetobacter indicusp, Acinetobacter townerig+gi, Citrobacter freundiip+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Delftia tsuruhatensisgi, Enterobacter asburiaep+wgs, Enterobacter cloacaep+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheip+wgs, Enterobacter kobeiwgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiip+wgs, Escherichia colip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesp, Klebsiella pneumoniaewgs, Morganella morganiiwgs, Proteus mirabilisg+wgs, Proteus vulgariswgs, Salmonella entericawgs, Serratia marcescensp+wgs, Vibrio choleraeg+wgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target replacement [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic target replacement protein + diaminopyrimidine antibiotic [Drug Class] + antibiotic resistant dihydrofolate reductase + trimethoprim [Antibiotic] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic trimethoprim [Antibiotic] + derives_from antibiotic sensitive dihydrofolate reductase + trimethoprim resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfr [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Murphy BP, et al. 2007. FEMS Microbiol Lett 266(2): 170-176. Investigation of a global collection of nontyphoidal Salmonella of various serotypes cultured between 1953 and 2004 for the presence of class 1 integrons. (PMID 17233727) |
Prevalence of dfrA16 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 0% | 0.05% | 0.16% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter indicus | 0% | 9.43% | 0% | 0% |
| Acinetobacter towneri | 12.5% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 0% | 0.31% | 1.74% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% |
| Delftia tsuruhatensis | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0.28% | 1.98% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0% | 1.12% | 0.64% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0% | 0.58% | 2.03% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 0% | 0% | 5.68% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 0% | 0.97% | 1.44% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0% | 0.06% | 0.11% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 1.09% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 0.12% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 0% | 0% | 0.61% | 0% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 2.75% | 0% | 0.33% | 0% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 0% | 0% | 5.56% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0% | 0% | 0.02% | 0% |
| Serratia marcescens | 0% | 0.65% | 0.39% | 0% |
| Vibrio cholerae | 0.45% | 0% | 0.13% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 300