| Accession | ARO:3003072 |
| CARD Short Name | mphL |
| Definition | mphL is a chromosomally-encoded macrolide phosphotransferases that inactivate 14- and 15-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin. |
| AMR Gene Family | macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH) |
| Drug Class | macrolide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic inactivation |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Bacillus cereuswgs, Bacillus thuringiensiswgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Bacillus anthracisg+wgs, Bacillus cereusg+wgs, Bacillus thuringiensisg+wgs |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic inactivation [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic inactivation enzyme + antibiotic molecule + macrolide inactivation enzyme + phosphorylation of antibiotic conferring resistance + macrolide antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 4 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic erythromycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic clarithromycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic azithromycin [Antibiotic] + macrolide phosphotransferase (MPH) [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Wang C, et al. 2015. Environ Microbiol 17(5): 1560-1573. Functional characterization and phylogenetic analysis of acquired and intrinsic macrolide phosphotransferases in the Bacillus cereus group. (PMID 25059531) Pawlowski AC, et al. 2018. Nat Commun 9(1):112 The evolution of substrate discrimination in macrolide antibiotic resistance enzymes. (PMID 29317655) |
Prevalence of mphL among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus anthracis | 100% | 0% | 77.63% | 0% |
| Bacillus cereus | 53.76% | 0% | 8.87% | 0% |
| Bacillus thuringiensis | 33.75% | 0% | 17.28% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 500