| Accession | ARO:3003926 |
| CARD Short Name | Sent_gyrA_FLO |
| Definition | Point mutations in Salmonella gyrA that confer resistance to Nalidixic acid, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. These mutations have also been shown to reduce susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. |
| AMR Gene Family | fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA |
| Drug Class | fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Citrobacter amalonaticusg, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs, Citrobacter koseriwgs, Citrobacter portucalensiswgs, Enterobacter asburiaewgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+wgs, Enterobacter kobeig+wgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiig+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesg+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensiswgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaeg+wgs, Salmonella entericag+wgs |
| Classification | 11 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic resistant gene variant or mutant + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit + antibiotic molecule + fluoroquinolone resistant DNA topoisomerase + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrA + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic nalidixic acid [Antibiotic] + fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Campioni F, et al. 2016. Microb. Drug Resist. : Prevalence of gyrA Mutations in Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Humans, Food, Chickens, and the Farm Environment in Brazil. (PMID 27559761) Gopal M, et al. 2016. J Clin Diagn Res 10(7):DC14-8 GyrA ser83 and ParC trp106 Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Fever Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital. (PMID 27630841) |
Prevalence of Salmonella enterica gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 9.09% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 3.28% | 0% | 2.51% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter koseri | 0% | 0% | 8.11% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 0% | 0% | 1.8% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 0% | 0% | 0.79% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 7.14% | 0% | 3.19% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 11.15% | 0% | 15.67% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 9.09% | 0% | 6.11% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 2.33% | 0% | 0.72% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 2% | 0% | 2.82% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 0% | 0% | 1.06% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 2.56% | 0% | 1.68% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 12.19% | 0% | 17.29% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 1.68% | 0% | 1.32% | 0% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 15.33% | 0% | 14.1% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein variant model
Model Definition: Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1500
PubMed: mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R). CRyPTIC: mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U). ReSeqTB: mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog, evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate. WHO: mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U).| Mutation | Mutation type | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| S83F | single resistance variant | PMID:27559761 |
| D87N | single resistance variant | PMID:27559761 |
| D87Y | single resistance variant | PMID:27559761 |
| S97P | single resistance variant | PMID:27559761 |
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
|---|