| Accession | ARO:3000616 |
| Synonym(s) | mefA msrD msr(D) |
| CARD Short Name | mel |
| Definition | Mel, a homolog of MsrA, is an ABC-F subfamily protein associated with macrolide resistance. It is expressed on the same operon as mefA and mefE, both MFS-type efflux proteins that confer macrolide resistance. |
| AMR Gene Family | msr-type ABC-F protein |
| Drug Class | streptogramin antibiotic, macrolide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target protection |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Streptococcus cristatuswgs, Streptococcus gordoniiwgs, Streptococcus pneumoniaeg+wgs, Streptococcus pyogenesg+wgs+gi |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Streptococcus cristatuswgs, Streptococcus gordoniiwgs, Streptococcus pneumoniaeg+wgs, Streptococcus pyogenesg+wgs+gi |
| Classification | 9 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target protection [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target protection protein + ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein + streptogramin antibiotic [Drug Class] + macrolide antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic erythromycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic telithromycin [Antibiotic] + msr-type ABC-F protein [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Ambrose KD, et al. 2005. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(10): 4203-4209. Macrolide efflux in Streptococcus pneumoniae is mediated by a dual efflux pump (mel and mef) and is erythromycin inducible. (PMID 16189099) Chouchani C, et al. 2012. Int J Infect Dis 16(2): E104-E109. First report of mefA and msrA/msrB multidrug efflux pumps associated with blaTEM-1 beta-lactamase in Enterococcus faecalis. (PMID 22137270) Bonnin RA, et al. 2012. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(1): 674-676. Comparative genomics of IncL/M-type plasmids: evolution by acquisition of resistance genes and insertion sequences. (PMID 23114767) |
Prevalence of mel among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus cristatus | 0% | 0% | 2.86% | 0% |
| Streptococcus gordonii | 0% | 0% | 1.28% | 0% |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 0.49% | 0% | 0.35% | 0% |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | 0.37% | 0% | 0.51% | 9.09% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 800