| Accession | ARO:3004667 |
| CARD Short Name | Saur_norA |
| Definition | NorA gene cloned from Staphylococcus aureus conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Had low or no resistance at all to hydrophobic ones such as nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and sparfloxacin in S. aureus and Escherichia coli. |
| AMR Gene Family | major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Staphylococcus aureusg+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Staphylococcus aureusg+wgs |
| Classification | 7 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 5 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic enoxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic norfloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ofloxacin [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Yoshida H, et al. 1990. J Bacteriol 172(12): 6942-6949. Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus norA gene, which confers resistance to quinolones. (PMID 2174864) |
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus norA among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus | 97.91% | 0% | 55.8% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 700