| Accession | ARO:3000391 |
| CARD Short Name | norA |
| Definition | NorA is a multidrug efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus that confers resistance to fluoroquinolones and other structurally unrelated antibiotics like acriflavine. It shares 30% similarity with NorA, and is a structural homolog of Bmr of Bacillus subtilis. It is regulated by arlRS and mgrA, the latter also known as NorR. |
| AMR Gene Family | major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | disinfecting agents and antiseptics, fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Staphylococcus epidermidisg+wgs+gi |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Staphylococcus epidermidisg+wgs+gi |
| Classification | 8 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + disinfecting agents and antiseptics [Drug Class] + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 4 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic acriflavine [Antibiotic] + major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic norfloxacin [Antibiotic] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Truong-Bolduc QC, et al. 2003. J Bacteriol 185(10): 3127-3138. Characterization of NorR protein, a multifunctional regulator of norA expression in Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 12730173) Neyfakh AA, et al. 1993. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37(1): 128-129. Fluoroquinolone resistance protein NorA of Staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug efflux transporter. (PMID 8431010) Truong-Bolduc QC, et al. 2005. J Bacteriol 187(7): 2395-2405. MgrA is a multiple regulator of two new efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 15774883) |
Prevalence of norA among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 99.35% | 0% | 72.13% | 2.86% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 700