| Ontology | CARD's Antibiotic Resistance Ontology |
| Accession | ARO:3000617 |
| Synonym(s) | PBP2A |
| CARD Short Name | mecA |
| Definition | A foreign PBP2a acquired by lateral gene transfer that is able to perform peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of beta-lactams. |
| AMR Gene Family | methicillin resistant PBP2 |
| Drug Class | penicillin beta-lactam |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target replacement |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Staphylococcus aureusg+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Staphylococcus arlettaeg+wgs, Staphylococcus aureusg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus capitisg+wgs, Staphylococcus epidermidisg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus haemolyticusg+wgs, Staphylococcus hominisg+wgs, Staphylococcus lugdunensisg+wgs, Staphylococcus pasteuriwgs, Staphylococcus pseudintermediusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus saprophyticusg+wgs, Staphylococcus schleiferig+gi, Staphylococcus simulanswgs, Staphylococcus warneriwgs |
| Classification | 13 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + beta-lactam antibiotic + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic resistance gene cluster, cassette, or operon + beta-lactam resistance operon + penicillin beta-lactam [Drug Class] + antibiotic target replacement [Resistance Mechanism] + beta-lactamase resistant penicillin + beta-lactam resistant penicillin-binding proteins + antibiotic target replacement protein + mec operon |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic methicillin [Antibiotic] + methicillin resistant PBP2 [AMR Gene Family] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Deurenberg RH and Stobberingh EE. 2008. Infect Genet Evol 8(6): 747-763. The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 18718557) Utsui Y and Yokota T. 1985. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28(3): 397-403. Role of an altered penicillin-binding protein in methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 3878127) Cuny C, et al. 2011. PLoS One 6(9): E24360. Rare occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC130 with a novel mecA homologue in humans in Germany. (PMID 21931689) Shore AC, et al. 2011. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55(8): 3765-3773. Detection of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type XI carrying highly divergent mecA, mecI, mecR1, blaZ, and ccr genes in human clinical isolates of clonal complex 130 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 21636525) Fuda C, et al. 2004. J Biol Chem 279(39): 40802-40806. The basis for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by penicillin-binding protein 2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 15226303) Lim D and Strynadka NC. 2002. Nat Struct Biol 9(11): 870-876. Structural basis for the beta lactam resistance of PBP2a from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 12389036) Ubukata K, et al. 1989. J Bacteriol 171(5): 2882-2885. Expression and inducibility in Staphylococcus aureus of the mecA gene, which encodes a methicillin-resistant S. aureus-specific penicillin-binding protein. (PMID 2708325) Hartman BJ and Tomasz A. 1984. J Bacteriol 158(2): 513-516. Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein associated with beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID 6563036) Kpeli G, et al. 2016. New Microbes New Infect 13:92-101 Possible healthcare-associated transmission as a cause of secondary infection and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from two wound treatment centres in Ghana. (PMID 27547406) |
Prevalence of mecA among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus arlettae | 16.67% | 0% | 5% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 45.03% | 0.22% | 69.64% | 9.74% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus capitis | 30% | 0% | 38.61% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 56.13% | 0.29% | 50.13% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 58.62% | 0% | 57.36% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus hominis | 25% | 0% | 27.32% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 22.22% | 0% | 15.38% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus pasteuri | 0% | 0% | 3.85% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | 50% | 0% | 64.62% | 26.67% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 5.88% | 0% | 3.5% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus schleiferi | 36.36% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus simulans | 0% | 0% | 1.69% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus warneri | 0% | 0% | 10.66% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1250
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
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