| Accession | ARO:3003577 |
| Synonym(s) | ECK2023 JW2010 pagA pmrE udg yefA |
| CARD Short Name | ugd |
| Definition | PmrE is required for the synthesis and transfer of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) to Lipid A, which allows gram-negative bacteria to resist the antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics such as polymyxin. |
| AMR Gene Family | pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase |
| Drug Class | peptide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Escherichia colig+wgs+gi, Shigella sonneiwgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Escherichia albertiig+wgs+gi, Escherichia colig+p+wgs+gi, Escherichia fergusoniig+wgs, Escherichia marmotaeg+wgs+gi, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs |
| Classification | 12 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + charge alteration conferring antibiotic resistance + peptide antibiotic [Drug Class] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + gene altering cell wall charge + lipopeptide antibiotic + phosphoethanolamine transferase conferring colistin resistance + antibiotic mixture + polymyxin antibiotic |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic polymyxin B [Antibiotic] + pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase [AMR Gene Family] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 1 ontology terms | Show + basRS regulates |
| Publications | Gunn JS, et al. 1998. Mol Microbiol 27(6): 1171-1182. PmrA-PmrB-regulated genes necessary for 4-aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance. (PMID 9570402) Lee H, et al. 2004. J Bacteriol 186(13): 4124-4133. The PmrA-regulated pmrC gene mediates phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A and polymyxin resistance in Salmonella enterica. (PMID 15205413) |
Prevalence of ugd among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia albertii | 70% | 0% | 48.39% | 33.33% |
| Escherichia coli | 47.59% | 0.03% | 43.94% | 7.79% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 1.64% | 0% | 6.52% | 0% |
| Escherichia marmotae | 81.82% | 0% | 45.83% | 50% |
| Shigella boydii | 20% | 0% | 20% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 92.86% | 0% | 53.33% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 19% | 0% | 4.35% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 97.56% | 0% | 93.57% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 700