| Accession | ARO:3003995 |
| CARD Short Name | Cdif_gyrA_FLO |
| Definition | Amino acid substitutions in Clostridioides difficile gyrase subunit A which when present confer functional resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. |
| AMR Gene Family | fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA |
| Drug Class | fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Classification | 11 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic resistant gene variant or mutant + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit + antibiotic molecule + fluoroquinolone resistant DNA topoisomerase + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrA + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 6 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic levofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic moxifloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic gatifloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ofloxacin [Antibiotic] + fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Mac Aogáin M, et al. 2015. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 3(4):295-299 Identification of a novel mutation at the primary dimer interface of GyrA conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile. (PMID 27842877) Ackermann G, et al. 2001. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(8):2348-53 Resistance to moxifloxacin in toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates is associated with mutations in gyrA. (PMID 11451695) Carman RJ, et al. 2009. Anaerobe 15(6):244-8 Diversity of moxifloxacin resistance during a nosocomial outbreak of a predominantly ribotype ARU 027 Clostridium difficile diarrhea. (PMID 19818865) Dridi L, et al. 2002. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(11):3418-21 gyrA and gyrB mutations are implicated in cross-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile. (PMID 12384345) Spigaglia P, et al. 2008. J. Med. Microbiol. 57(Pt 6):784-9 Fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile isolates from a prospective study of C. difficile infections in Europe. (PMID 18480338) Ackermann G, et al. 2003. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 9(6):526-30 Antecedent use of fluoroquinolones is associated with resistance to moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile. (PMID 12848728) Liao CH, et al. 2012. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56(7):3943-9 Characterizations of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan. (PMID 22508299) Spigaglia P, et al. 2009. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53(6):2463-8 Molecular analysis of the gyrA and gyrB quinolone resistance-determining regions of fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile mutants selected in vitro. (PMID 19364867) Walkty A, et al. 2010. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 66(4):419-24 Molecular characterization of moxifloxacin resistance from Canadian Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. (PMID 20226332) |
Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No prevalence data | |||||
Model Type: protein variant model
Model Definition: Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1500
PubMed: mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R). CRyPTIC: mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U). ReSeqTB: mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog, evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate. WHO: mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U).| Mutation | Mutation type | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| D71G | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| D71V | single resistance variant | PMID:12384345 |
| D81N | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| T82V | single resistance variant | PMID:12384345 |
| T82A | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| T82I | single resistance variant | PMID:12384345 |
| T83I | single resistance variant | PMID:12848728 |
| R90K | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| A92E | single resistance variant | PMID:19364867 |
| D103N | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| P116A | single resistance variant | PMID:20226332 |
| A118T | single resistance variant | PMID:12384345 |
| A118S | single resistance variant | PMID:19364867 |
| A118S,T82A | multiple resistance variants | PMID:19364867 |
| Q123K | single resistance variant | PMID:22508299 |
| C245T | single resistance variant | PMID:19818865 |
| L345I | single resistance variant | PMID:27842877 |
| A384D | single resistance variant | PMID:27842877 |
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
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