| Accession | ARO:3002597 |
| Synonym(s) | aac(6')-bifunctional aacA-aphD APH(2''), aph(2'')-bifunctional, AAC(6')-APH(2'') |
| CARD Short Name | AAC6_Ie_APH2_Ia |
| Definition | AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia is an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids and transposons in S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. faecium and Staphylococcus warneri. |
| AMR Gene Family | aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein |
| Drug Class | aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic inactivation |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Anaerostipes hadruswgs, Bacillus cereusgi, Bacteroides fragiliswgs, Campylobacter colig+wgs, Campylobacter jejuniwgs, Campylobacter upsaliensiswgs, Campylobacter ureolyticuswgs, Clostridioides difficilegi, Clostridium butyricumwgs, Clostridium perfringensg+p+wgs+gi, Eggerthella lentawgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterocloster clostridioformiswgs, Enterococcus aviump+wgs, Enterococcus faecalisg+p+wgs+gi, Enterococcus faeciumg+p+wgs+gi, Enterococcus hiraep+wgs, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosumwgs, Eubacterium maltosivoranswgs, Faecalibacterium prausnitziiwgs, Glaesserella parasuisg+wgs, Helicobacter pullorumwgs, Klebsiella aerogeneswgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaewgs, Lactococcus garvieaep+wgs, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformanswgs, Staphylococcus arlettaep+wgs, Staphylococcus aureusg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus capitisg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus epidermidisg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus equorumwgs, Staphylococcus haemolyticusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus hominiswgs, Staphylococcus lugdunensisg+wgs, Staphylococcus pasteurip, Staphylococcus pseudintermediusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus saprophyticusg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus schleiferig+gi, Staphylococcus warnerig+wgs, Streptococcus agalactiaeg+wgs, Streptococcus dysgalactiaeg, Streptococcus gallolyticuswgs, Streptococcus mitisg, Streptococcus pasteurianusg+gi, Streptococcus pneumoniaeg+wgs, Streptococcus sanguiniswgs, Streptococcus suisg+wgs+gi |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Anaerostipes hadruswgs, Bacillus cereusgi, Bacteroides fragiliswgs, Campylobacter colig+wgs, Campylobacter jejunig+wgs, Campylobacter upsaliensiswgs, Campylobacter ureolyticuswgs, Clostridioides difficilegi, Clostridium butyricumwgs, Clostridium perfringensg+p+wgs+gi, Eggerthella lentawgs, Enterobacter hormaecheiwgs, Enterocloster clostridioformiswgs, Enterococcus aviump+wgs, Enterococcus faecalisg+p+wgs+gi, Enterococcus faeciumg+p+wgs+gi, Enterococcus hiraep+wgs, Erysipelatoclostridium ramosumwgs, Escherichia coliwgs, Eubacterium maltosivoranswgs, Faecalibacterium prausnitziiwgs, Glaesserella parasuisg+wgs, Helicobacter pullorumwgs, Klebsiella aerogeneswgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaewgs, Lactococcus garvieaep+wgs, Morganella morganiip, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformanswgs, Staphylococcus arlettaep+wgs, Staphylococcus aureusg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus capitisg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus epidermidisg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus equorumwgs, Staphylococcus haemolyticusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus hominiswgs, Staphylococcus lugdunensisg+wgs, Staphylococcus pasteurip, Staphylococcus pseudintermediusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus saprophyticusg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus schleiferig+gi, Staphylococcus warnerig+wgs, Stenotrophomonas maltophiliawgs, Streptococcus agalactiaeg+wgs, Streptococcus dysgalactiaeg, Streptococcus gallolyticuswgs, Streptococcus lutetiensiswgs, Streptococcus mitisg, Streptococcus pasteurianusg+gi, Streptococcus pneumoniaeg+wgs, Streptococcus sanguiniswgs, Streptococcus suisg+wgs+gi |
| Classification | 10 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic inactivation [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic mixture + antibiotic inactivation enzyme + aminoglycoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + aminoglycoside modifying enzyme + gentamicin [Antibiotic] |
| Parent Term(s) | 10 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic gentamicin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic kanamycin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic amikacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic netilmicin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic dibekacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic sisomicin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic 5-episisomicin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic 2'-N-ethylnetilmicin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic tobramycin [Antibiotic] + aminoglycoside bifunctional resistance protein [AMR Gene Family] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 1 ontology terms | Show + aranorosin [Adjuvant] is_small_molecule_inhibitor |
| Publications | Daigle DM, et al. 1999. Chem Biol 6(2): 99-110. Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (PMID 10021417) Rouch DA, et al. 1987. J Gen Microbiol 133(11): 3039-3052. The aacA-aphD gentamicin and kanamycin resistance determinant of Tn4001 from Staphylococcus aureus: expression and nucleotide sequence analysis. (PMID 2833561) |
Prevalence of AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia bifunctional protein among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaerostipes hadrus | 0% | 0% | 1.72% | 0% |
| Bacillus cereus | 0% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Bacteroides fragilis | 0% | 0% | 0.27% | 0% |
| Campylobacter coli | 15.94% | 0% | 3.52% | 0% |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 0.35% | 0% | 0.14% | 0% |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 0% | 0% | 4% | 0% |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus | 0% | 0% | 3.45% | 0% |
| Clostridioides difficile | 0% | 0% | 0% | 16.67% |
| Clostridium butyricum | 0% | 0% | 1.96% | 0% |
| Clostridium perfringens | 2.5% | 0.97% | 1.71% | 50% |
| Eggerthella lenta | 0% | 0% | 5.21% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 0% | 0% | 0.13% | 0% |
| Enterocloster clostridioformis | 0% | 0% | 2.33% | 0% |
| Enterococcus avium | 0% | 33.33% | 8.77% | 0% |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 11.36% | 7.14% | 11.61% | 4.17% |
| Enterococcus faecium | 2.87% | 4.79% | 9.5% | 9.8% |
| Enterococcus hirae | 0% | 2.38% | 0.93% | 0% |
| Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum | 0% | 0% | 15.12% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0% | 0% | 0.01% | 0% |
| Eubacterium maltosivorans | 0% | 0% | 33.33% | 0% |
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | 0% | 0% | 2.91% | 0% |
| Glaesserella parasuis | 7.69% | 0% | 5.13% | 0% |
| Helicobacter pullorum | 0% | 0% | 10.34% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 0% | 0.28% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0% | 0% | 0.02% | 0% |
| Lactococcus garvieae | 0% | 8.33% | 2.22% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 0% | 2.5% | 0% | 0% |
| Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | 0% | 0% | 6.67% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus arlettae | 0% | 8.33% | 2.5% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 10.56% | 2.6% | 9.55% | 8.02% |
| Staphylococcus capitis | 10% | 5.26% | 18.99% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 39.35% | 2.88% | 22.76% | 17.14% |
| Staphylococcus equorum | 0% | 0% | 3.57% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 51.72% | 0% | 35.38% | 20% |
| Staphylococcus hominis | 0% | 0% | 7.8% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus lugdunensis | 5.56% | 0% | 1.54% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus pasteuri | 0% | 5.88% | 0% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | 43.33% | 0% | 41.03% | 26.67% |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 5.88% | 2.7% | 1.4% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus schleiferi | 18.18% | 0% | 0% | 50% |
| Staphylococcus warneri | 8.33% | 0% | 3.28% | 0% |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0% | 0% | 0.15% | 0% |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 1.87% | 0% | 2.45% | 0% |
| Streptococcus dysgalactiae | 2% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Streptococcus gallolyticus | 0% | 0% | 9.09% | 0% |
| Streptococcus lutetiensis | 0% | 0% | 2.04% | 0% |
| Streptococcus mitis | 11.11% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Streptococcus pasteurianus | 50% | 0% | 0% | 16.67% |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 0.97% | 0% | 0.03% | 0% |
| Streptococcus sanguinis | 0% | 0% | 1.03% | 0% |
| Streptococcus suis | 4.8% | 0% | 6.24% | 16.67% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 900