| Accession | ARO:3004191 |
| CARD Short Name | APH(2'')-If |
| Definition | Aminoglycoside 2''-phosphotransferase identified from the gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. APH(2'')-If was shown to confer resistance to 4,6-disubstituted antibiotics kanamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin, gentamicin and sisomicin through antibiotic phosphorylation. Described by Toth et al. 2013. |
| AMR Gene Family | APH(2'') |
| Drug Class | aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic inactivation |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Actinobacillus indolicusg, Campylobacter colig+p+wgs, Campylobacter jejunig+p+wgs, Campylobacter upsaliensiswgs, Helicobacter pullorumwgs, Streptococcus suiswgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Actinobacillus indolicusg, Campylobacter colig+p+wgs, Campylobacter jejunig+p+wgs, Campylobacter upsaliensiswgs, Faecalibacterium prausnitziiwgs, Helicobacter pullorumwgs, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformanswgs, Streptococcus suiswgs |
| Classification | 12 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic inactivation [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic inactivation enzyme + aminoglycoside modifying enzyme + antibiotic mixture + phosphorylation of antibiotic conferring resistance + aminoglycoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + gentamicin [Antibiotic] + aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH) |
| Parent Term(s) | 6 ontology terms | Show + APH(2'') [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic kanamycin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic tobramycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic gentamicin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic sisomicin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic dibekacin [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Toth M, et al. 2013. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57(1):452-7 Novel aminoglycoside 2''-phosphotransferase identified in a gram-negative pathogen. (PMID 23129050) |
Prevalence of APH(2'')-If among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinobacillus indolicus | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Campylobacter coli | 8.7% | 0.91% | 2.9% | 0% |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 5.26% | 3.96% | 1.78% | 0% |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 0% | 0% | 4% | 0% |
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | 0% | 0% | 0.97% | 0% |
| Helicobacter pullorum | 0% | 0% | 3.45% | 0% |
| Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | 0% | 0% | 3.33% | 0% |
| Streptococcus suis | 0% | 0% | 0.05% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 500