| Accession | ARO:3002985 |
| Synonym(s) | PmrL |
| CARD Short Name | arnA |
| Definition | arnA modifies lipid A with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (Ara4N) which allows gram-negative bacteria to resist the antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics such as polymyxin. arnA is found in E. coli and P. aeruginosa. |
| AMR Gene Family | pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase |
| Drug Class | peptide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Pseudomonas aeruginosag+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Pseudomonas aeruginosag+p+wgs, Pseudomonas fluorescensg |
| Classification | 12 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic molecule + peptide antibiotic [Drug Class] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + charge alteration conferring antibiotic resistance + gene altering cell wall charge + lipopeptide antibiotic + phosphoethanolamine transferase conferring colistin resistance + antibiotic mixture + polymyxin antibiotic |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show + pmr phosphoethanolamine transferase [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic polymyxin B [Antibiotic] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Gatzeva-Topalova PZ, et al. 2005. Structure 13(6): 929-942. Structure and mechanism of ArnA: conformational change implies ordered dehydrogenase mechanism in key enzyme for polymyxin resistance. (PMID 15939024) Macfarlane EL, et al. 2000. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) 146 ( Pt 10):2543-54 Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PhoP-phoQ in resistance to antimicrobial cationic peptides and aminoglycosides. (PMID 11021929) |
Prevalence of arnA among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 99.08% | 0.58% | 66.01% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | 2.78% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1200