| Accession | ARO:3003294 |
| CARD Short Name | Ecol_gyrA_FLO |
| Definition | Point mutation of Escherichia coli gyrA resulted in the lowered affinity between fluoroquinolones and gyrA. Thus, conferring resistance. |
| AMR Gene Family | fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA |
| Drug Class | fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Citrobacter freundiig+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensisg+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniig+wgs, Citrobacter youngaeg+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaeg+wgs, Enterobacter chengduensisg+wgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+wgs, Enterobacter kobeig+wgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiig+wgs, Escherichia albertiig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniig+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesg+wgs, Klebsiella huaxiensisg+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisg+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaeg+wgs, Leclercia adecarboxylatag+wgs, Raoultella planticolag+wgs, Salmonella entericag+wgs, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs |
| Classification | 11 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic resistant gene variant or mutant + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit + antibiotic molecule + fluoroquinolone resistant DNA topoisomerase + antibiotic resistant DNA topoisomerase subunit gyrA + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 14 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic enoxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic levofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic moxifloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic gatifloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic lomefloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic nalidixic acid [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic norfloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic ofloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic trovafloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic grepafloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic sparfloxacin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic pefloxacin [Antibiotic] + fluoroquinolone resistant gyrA [AMR Gene Family] |
| Publications | Nawaz M, et al. 2015. Int J Antimicrob Agents 45(5): 471-476. Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp. (PMID 25631675) Cullen ME, et al. 1989. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33(6):886-94 Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones. (PMID 2548439) Heisig P, et al. 1993. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37(4):696-701 Mutations in the gyrA gene of a highly fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. (PMID 8388197) Oram M and Fisher LM. 1991. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35(2): 387-389. 4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction. (PMID 1850972) Vila J, et al. 1994. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38(10):2477-9 Association between double mutation in gyrA gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and MICs. (PMID 7840592) Yoshida H, et al. 1990. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34(6):1271-2 Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli. (PMID 2168148) |
Prevalence of Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter freundii | 29.51% | 0% | 53.77% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 55.56% | 0% | 27.93% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 14.29% | 0% | 89.74% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 33.33% | 0% | 31.25% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 22.58% | 0% | 29.25% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter chengduensis | 100% | 0% | 44% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 12.5% | 0% | 7.67% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 18.71% | 0% | 18.04% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 4.55% | 0% | 0.44% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 9.3% | 0% | 28.06% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 7.14% | 0% | 6.45% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 25.23% | 0.02% | 34.15% | 0% | 6.07% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 9.84% | 0% | 40.22% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 6% | 0% | 6.5% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella huaxiensis | 100% | 0% | 33.33% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 20.97% | 0% | 12.5% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 23.08% | 0% | 21.85% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 26.86% | 0% | 28.16% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0.84% | 0% | 0.26% | 0% | 0% |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | 28.57% | 0% | 9.3% | 0% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 22.22% | 0% | 5.13% | 0% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0.19% | 0% | 0.02% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 6.67% | 0% | 26.67% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 7.14% | 0% | 10% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 39% | 0% | 37.11% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 12.2% | 0% | 8.55% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein variant model
Model Definition: Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1500
PubMed: mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R). CRyPTIC: mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U). ReSeqTB: mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog, evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate. WHO: mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U).| Mutation | Mutation type | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| A67S | single resistance variant | PMID:2168148 |
| G81C | single resistance variant | PMID:2168148 |
| S83I | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| S83L,D87N | multiple resistance variants | PMID:7840592 |
| S83W | single resistance variant | PMID:1850972 |
| S83L,D87Y | multiple resistance variants | PMID:7840592 |
| S83L | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| A84P | single resistance variant | PMID:2168148 |
| D87V | single resistance variant | PMID:1850972 |
| D87N | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| D87G | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| D87Y | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| D87H | single resistance variant | PMID:25631675 |
| Q106H | single resistance variant | PMID:2548439 |
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
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