| Accession | ARO:3004325 |
| Synonym(s) | MCR-4 |
| CARD Short Name | MCR-4.1 |
| Definition | MCR-4 is a plasmid-borne phosphoethanolamine transferase variant of MCR-1, isolated from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium of porcine origin in Italy, Spain and Belgium through 2013 and 2015-2016. MCR-4 confers resistance to collistin via addition of a phosphoethanolamine group to lipid A, reducing the negative charge of the cell membrane. Described by Carattoli et al. 2017. |
| AMR Gene Family | MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase |
| Drug Class | peptide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Classification | 14 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + antibiotic molecule + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + peptide antibiotic [Drug Class] + lipopeptide antibiotic + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + polymyxin antibiotic + charge alteration conferring antibiotic resistance + gene altering cell wall charge + colistin + colistin B [Antibiotic] + phosphoethanolamine transferase conferring colistin resistance + colistin A [Antibiotic] |
| Parent Term(s) | 3 ontology terms | Show + MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic colistin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic colistin B [Antibiotic] |
| Sub-Term(s) | 4 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Carattoli A, et al. 2017. Euro Surveill. 22(31): Novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-4 gene in Salmonella and Escherichia coli, Italy 2013, Spain and Belgium, 2015 to 2016. (PMID 28797329) |
Prevalence of MCR-4.1 among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1000