The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database gratefully acknowledges recent funding from the Genome Canada & Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Bioinformatics & Computational Biology program, allowing integration of the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) with the Genomic Epidemiology Ontology, IRIDA platform, and OBO Foundry (see Genome Canada press release). As such, the next two years will be a time of active development for the ARO. Expect significant changes in the ARO between monthly releases as well as occasional incomplete revisions, which may affect downstream analyses.

February 2017 Changes

• Use of the part_of relationship now follows canonical usage and is restricted to association of sub-units with their large multi-unit protein complexes
• Extensive revisions to the antimicrobial efflux branch of the ARO
• Extensive revisions to the rRNA mutations branch of the ARO
• New use of the participates_in and has_part relationships in place of formerly incorrect usage of the part_of relationship for association of resistance determinants with their mechanism of action.

April 2017 Changes

• Extensive addition of confers_resistance_to_drug relationships for efflux complexes
• Drug and mechanism category updates for the Resistance Gene Identifier

May 2017 Changes

• Addition of bitscores to detection models, curation of chloramphenicol exporter proteins, ontology changes, JSON file format changes

August 2017 Changes

• Removal of redundant intermediate terms relating resistance determinant to drug class, with improved overall classification by Drug Class and Resistance Mechanism

January 2018 Changes

• Parallel classification system added to the ARO for organization of RGI results: Drug Class, Resistance Mechanism, AMR Gene Family
• ARO now available in GitHub, https://github.com/arpcard

April 2018 Changes

• Addition of extensive ontological terms describing phenotypic testing for antimicrobial resistance