| Accession | ARO:3003441 |
| Synonym(s) | cfr cfr(A) |
| CARD Short Name | cfrA |
| Definition | CfrA is a chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene and methyltransferase enzyme. Methylation of position 8 of A2503 in 23S rRNA confers resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics first identified by Schwarz 2000 as cfr from Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Additional Oxazolidinone resistance mediated by the cfr gene in a human isolated was first reported from Colombia in linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. |
| AMR Gene Family | Cfr 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase |
| Drug Class | oxazolidinone antibiotic, streptogramin antibiotic, lincosamide antibiotic, phenicol antibiotic, streptogramin A antibiotic, pleuromutilin antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target alteration |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Enterococcus faecalisp+wgs, Enterococcus faeciump, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep, Staphylococcus arlettaep+wgs, Staphylococcus aureusg+p+wgs, Staphylococcus capitiswgs, Staphylococcus epidermidiswgs, Staphylococcus hominiswgs, Staphylococcus saprophyticusp+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Enterococcus faecalisg+p+wgs, Enterococcus faeciump, Escherichia colip+wgs, Klebsiella aerogeneswgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaep+wgs, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaep+wgs, Leclercia adecarboxylatap, Morganella morganiiwgs, Proteus mirabilisg+p+wgs+gi, Proteus vulgarisp, Providencia rettgerip+wgs, Salmonella entericawgs, Staphylococcus arlettaep+wgs, Staphylococcus aureusg+p+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus capitisg+wgs, Staphylococcus epidermidiswgs, Staphylococcus haemolyticusg+wgs+gi, Staphylococcus hominiswgs, Staphylococcus saprophyticusp+wgs, Streptococcus suisg+wgs |
| Classification | 17 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic target modifying enzyme + ribosomal alteration conferring antibiotic resistance + rRNA methyltransferase conferring antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase + oxazolidinone antibiotic [Drug Class] + streptogramin antibiotic [Drug Class] + lincosamide antibiotic [Drug Class] + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily + streptogramin A antibiotic [Drug Class] + pleuromutilin antibiotic [Drug Class] + Cfr 23S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase [AMR Gene Family] |
| Parent Term(s) | 11 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic clindamycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic lincomycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic tiamulin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic dalfopristin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic griseoviridin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic virginiamycin M1 [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic madumycin II [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic azidamfenicol [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic thiamphenicol [Antibiotic] + Cfr Group |
| Publications | Kehrenberg C, et al. 2007. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51(2): 483-487. IS21-558 insertion sequences are involved in the mobility of the multiresistance gene cfr. (PMID 17145796) Arias CA, et al. 2008. J Clin Microbiol 46(3): 892-896. Clinical and microbiological aspects of linezolid resistance mediated by the cfr gene encoding a 23S rRNA methyltransferase. (PMID 18174304) Mukhtar TA and Wright GD. 2005. Chem Rev 105(2): 529-542. Streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and other inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis. (PMID 15700955) Schwarz S, et al. 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44(9): 2530-2533. Identification of a plasmid-borne chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene in Staphylococcus sciuri. (PMID 10952608) Candela T, et al. 2017. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 50(3):496-500 A cfr-Like Gene cfr(C) Conferring Linezolid Resistance is Common in Clostridium difficile. (PMID 28663118) |
Prevalence of cfrA among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterococcus faecalis | 0.45% | 1.48% | 0.16% | 0% |
| Enterococcus faecium | 0% | 0.06% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 0% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 0% | 0% | 0.28% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 0% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 0% | 0.21% | 0.13% | 0% |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | 0% | 4.76% | 0% | 0% |
| Morganella morganii | 0% | 0% | 0.61% | 0% |
| Proteus mirabilis | 2.75% | 1.25% | 0.83% | 7.41% |
| Proteus vulgaris | 0% | 22.22% | 0% | 0% |
| Providencia rettgeri | 0% | 2.7% | 0.64% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 0% | 0% | 0.01% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus arlettae | 0% | 8.33% | 2.5% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 0.09% | 0.45% | 0.15% | 0.29% |
| Staphylococcus capitis | 10% | 0% | 2.53% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 0% | 0% | 1.67% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 6.9% | 0% | 0.22% | 13.33% |
| Staphylococcus hominis | 0% | 0% | 0.49% | 0% |
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus | 0% | 2.7% | 0.7% | 0% |
| Streptococcus suis | 0.8% | 0% | 0.05% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 600