| Accession | ARO:3000828 |
| CARD Short Name | baeR |
| Definition | BaeR is a response regulator that promotes the expression of MdtABC and AcrD efflux complexes. |
| AMR Gene Family | resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | aminocoumarin antibiotic, aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Efflux Regulator | protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Escherichia albertiig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniig+wgs, Escherichia marmotaewgs, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Citrobacter amalonaticusg+wgs, Citrobacter freundiig+wgs, Citrobacter koserig+wgs, Citrobacter portucalensisg+wgs, Citrobacter werkmaniig+wgs, Citrobacter youngaeg+wgs, Enterobacter asburiaeg+wgs, Enterobacter cancerogenusg+wgs, Enterobacter chengduensisg+wgs, Enterobacter cloacaeg+wgs, Enterobacter hormaecheig+wgs, Enterobacter kobeig+wgs, Enterobacter roggenkampiig+wgs, Escherichia albertiig+wgs, Escherichia colig+p+wgs, Escherichia fergusoniig+p+wgs, Escherichia marmotaeg+wgs, Klebsiella aerogenesg+wgs, Klebsiella huaxiensisg+wgs, Klebsiella michiganensisg+wgs, Klebsiella oxytocag+wgs, Klebsiella pneumoniaeg+wgs+gi, Klebsiella quasipneumoniaeg+wgs, Kosakonia arachidisg+wgs, Leclercia adecarboxylatag+wgs, Pseudomonas aeruginosawgs, Raoultella planticolag+wgs, Salmonella bongorig+wgs, Salmonella entericag+wgs, Shigella boydiig+wgs, Shigella dysenteriaeg+wgs, Shigella flexnerig+wgs, Shigella sonneig+wgs |
| Classification | 20 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic mixture + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + aminocoumarin antibiotic [Drug Class] + aminoglycoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + gentamicin [Antibiotic] + novobiocin [Antibiotic] + resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + tobramycin [Antibiotic] + kanamycin A [Antibiotic] + amikacin [Antibiotic] + neomycin [Antibiotic] + AcrAD-TolC + MdtABC-TolC + acrD + protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux [Efflux Regulator] |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Nagakubo S, et al. 2002. J Bacteriol 184(15): 4161-4167. The putative response regulator BaeR stimulates multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli via a novel multidrug exporter system, MdtABC. (PMID 12107133) Liu X, et al. 2023. mSystems :e0129122 Mutation in the two-component regulator BaeSR mediates cefiderocol resistance and enhances virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. (PMID 37345941) |
Prevalence of baeR among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter amalonaticus | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter freundii | 100% | 0% | 99.23% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter koseri | 100% | 0% | 99.1% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter portucalensis | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter werkmanii | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Citrobacter youngae | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter asburiae | 100% | 0% | 99.6% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cancerogenus | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter chengduensis | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 98.21% | 0% | 98.72% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter hormaechei | 99.28% | 0% | 99.48% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter kobei | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Enterobacter roggenkampii | 95.35% | 0% | 99.28% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia albertii | 100% | 0% | 99.35% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia coli | 67.7% | 0.04% | 99.32% | 0% | 99.82% |
| Escherichia fergusonii | 100% | 0.36% | 97.83% | 0% | 0% |
| Escherichia marmotae | 100% | 0% | 97.92% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | 100% | 0% | 99.72% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella huaxiensis | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella michiganensis | 100% | 0% | 99.73% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 99.35% | 0% | 99.33% | 26.67% | 0% |
| Klebsiella quasipneumoniae | 99.16% | 0% | 99.34% | 0% | 0% |
| Kosakonia arachidis | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0% | 0% | 0.01% | 0% | 0% |
| Raoultella planticola | 88.89% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Salmonella bongori | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Salmonella enterica | 95.71% | 0% | 99.39% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella boydii | 100% | 0% | 98.89% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 100% | 0% | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella flexneri | 100% | 0% | 99.22% | 0% | 0% |
| Shigella sonnei | 97.56% | 0% | 99.27% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein overexpression model
Model Definition: Protein Overexpression Models (POM) are similar to Protein Variant Models (PVM) in that they include a protein reference sequence, a curated BLASTP bitscore cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Whereas PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, reporting only those with curated mutations conferring AMR, POMs are restricted to regulatory proteins and report both wild-type sequences and/or sequences with mutations leading to overexpression of efflux complexes. The former lead to efflux of antibiotics at basal levels, while the latter can confer clinical resistance. POMs include a protein reference sequence (often from wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the wild-type reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value may or may not contain at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off may or may not contain at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 450
PubMed: mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R). CRyPTIC: mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U). ReSeqTB: mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog, evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate. WHO: mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U).| Mutation | Mutation type | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| S104N | single resistance variant | PMID:37345941 |
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
|---|