| Accession | ARO:3004476 |
| CARD Short Name | vmlR |
| Definition | vmlR is an ABC-F ATPase ribosomal protection protein identified in Bacillus subtilus. Shown to confer resistance to lincomycin and streptogramin A virginiamycin. Described by Crowe-McAuliffe et al. 2018. |
| AMR Gene Family | Miscellaneous ABC-F subfamily ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection proteins |
| Drug Class | nucleoside antibiotic, streptogramin antibiotic, pleuromutilin antibiotic, streptogramin B antibiotic, streptogramin A antibiotic, lincosamide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic target protection |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Bacillus subtilisg+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Bacillus subtilisg+wgs |
| Classification | 15 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic molecule + antibiotic target protection [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic target protection protein + nucleoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + streptogramin antibiotic [Drug Class] + ABC-F ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection protein + pleuromutilin antibiotic [Drug Class] + aminonucleoside antibiotic + antibiotic without defined classification + streptogramin B antibiotic [Drug Class] + streptogramin A antibiotic [Drug Class] + lincosamide antibiotic [Drug Class] |
| Parent Term(s) | 9 ontology terms | Show + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic lincomycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic virginiamycin M1 [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic tiamulin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic virginiamycin S2 [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic retapamulin [Antibiotic] + Miscellaneous ABC-F subfamily ATP-binding cassette ribosomal protection proteins [AMR Gene Family] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic iboxamycin [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic hygromycin A [Antibiotic] + confers_resistance_to_antibiotic A201A [Antibiotic] |
| Publications | Crowe-McAuliffe C, et al. 2018. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115(36):8978-8983 Structural basis for antibiotic resistance mediated by the ABCF ATPase VmlR. (PMID 30126986) Obana N, et al. 2023. Nucleic Acids Res 51(9):4536-4554 Genome-encoded ABCF factors implicated in intrinsic antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria: VmlR2, Ard1 and CplR. (PMID 36951104) |
Prevalence of vmlR among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus subtilis | 91.4% | 0% | 67.92% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 1000