| Accession | ARO:3003379 |
| CARD Short Name | Sent_ramR |
| Definition | RamR is a repressor that regulates RamA expression. Mutations lead to the upregulation of AcrAB, which is positively regulated by RamA. |
| AMR Gene Family | resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | tetracycline antibiotic, penicillin beta-lactam, cephalosporin, disinfecting agents and antiseptics, phenicol antibiotic, rifamycin antibiotic, glycylcycline, fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target alteration |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Efflux Regulator | protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Salmonella entericawgs |
| Classification | 31 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + antibiotic molecule + beta-lactam antibiotic + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + tetracycline antibiotic [Drug Class] + penicillin beta-lactam [Drug Class] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + antibiotic target alteration [Resistance Mechanism] + cephalosporin [Drug Class] + penicillin with extended spectrum + first-generation cephalosporin + disinfecting agents and antiseptics [Drug Class] + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + mutation conferring antibiotic resistance + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + rifamycin antibiotic [Drug Class] + glycylcycline [Drug Class] + triclosan [Antibiotic] + cefalotin [Antibiotic] + ampicillin [Antibiotic] + chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + rifampin [Antibiotic] + resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + tetracycline [Antibiotic] + antibiotic resistant gene variant or mutant + tigecycline [Antibiotic] + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] + protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux [Efflux Regulator] + AcrAB-TolC + mutant efflux regulatory protein conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Kehrenberg C, et al. 2009. J Antimicrob Chemother 64(6): 1175-1180. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of Salmonella serovars other than Typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of ramA and soxS. (PMID 19778917) Abouzeed YM, et al. 2008. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(7): 2428-2434. ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. (PMID 18443112) O'Regan E, et al. 2009. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(3): 1080-1087. Multiple regulatory pathways associated with high-level ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: involvement of RamA and other global regulators. (PMID 19104017) Ricci V and Piddock LJ. 2009. J Antimicrob Chemother 63(5): 909-916. Ciprofloxacin selects for multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mediated by at least two different pathways. (PMID 19270312) |
Prevalence of Salmonella enterica ramR mutants among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 414 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI | GRDI-AMR2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella enterica | 0% | 0% | 0.11% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein variant model
Model Definition: Protein Variant Models (PVM) perform a similar search as Protein Homolog Models (PHM), i.e. detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, but secondarily screen query sequences for curated sets of mutations to differentiate them from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles. PVMs are designed to detect AMR acquired via mutation of house-keeping genes or antibiotic targets, e.g. a mutated gyrase resistant to aminocoumarin antibiotics. PVMs include a protein reference sequence (often from antibiotic susceptible wild-type alleles), a curated bit-score cut-off, and mapped resistance variants. Mapped resistance variants may include any or all of single point mutations, insertions, or deletions curated from the scientific literature. A Strict RGI match has a BLASTP bit-score above the curated BLASTP cutoff value and contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants, while a Loose RGI match has a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off but still contains at least one curated mutation from amongst the mapped resistance variants.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 370
PubMed: mutation data hand curated from the scientific literature, evaluated as conferring resistance (R). CRyPTIC: mutation data acquired from the CRyPTIC catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U). ReSeqTB: mutation data acquired from the ReSeqTB catalog, evaluated as conferring resistance (Minimal, Moderate, High), not conferring resistance (None), or Indeterminate. WHO: mutation data acquired from the WHO 2023 catalog, evaluated as resistant (R), susceptible (S), or undetermined (U).| Mutation | Mutation type | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| T18P | single resistance variant | PMID:18443112 |
| G25A | single resistance variant | PMID:19104017 |
| R46P | single resistance variant | PMID:19778917 |
| T50P | single resistance variant | PMID:19270312 |
| Y59H | single resistance variant | PMID:18443112 |
| M84I | single resistance variant | PMID:18443112 |
| E160D | single resistance variant | PMID:19778917 |
| Curator | Description | Most Recent Edit |
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