| Accession | ARO:0000032 |
| Definition | Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, containing the beta-lactam ring fused with a dihydrothiazolidine ring. Together with cephamycins they belong to a sub-group called cephems. Cephalosporin are bactericidal, and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity, especially in Gram-positive organisms. |
| Classification | 3 ontology terms | Show |
| Parent Term(s) | 1 ontology terms | Show + cephem |
| Sub-Term(s) | 168 ontology terms | Show + cefazolin [Antibiotic] + cefepime [Antibiotic] + ceftazidime [Antibiotic] + ceftobiprole [Antibiotic] + ceftriaxone [Antibiotic] + cefuroxime [Antibiotic] + cefalexin [Antibiotic] + cefadroxil [Antibiotic] + cefotiam [Antibiotic] + cefaclor [Antibiotic] + cefotaxime [Antibiotic] + cefixime [Antibiotic] + cefpodoxime [Antibiotic] + ceftibuten [Antibiotic] + cefditoren [Antibiotic] + cefdinir [Antibiotic] + ceftaroline [Antibiotic] + cefalotin [Antibiotic] + ceftolozane [Antibiotic] + cefamandole [Antibiotic] + cefetamet [Antibiotic] + cefonicid [Antibiotic] + cefoperazone [Antibiotic] + cefprozil [Antibiotic] + ceftizoxime [Antibiotic] + cephapirin [Antibiotic] + cefradine [Antibiotic] + loracarbef [Antibiotic] + moxalactam [Antibiotic] + ceftiofur [Antibiotic] + cephaloridine [Antibiotic] + cefiderocol [Antibiotic] + cefpirome [Antibiotic] + cefsulodin [Antibiotic] + cefovecin [Antibiotic] + cefcapene [Antibiotic] + cefquinome [Antibiotic] + CAM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PNGM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnE confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnG confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnH confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Klebsiella pneumoniae KpnF confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ADC beta-lactamase without carbapenemase activity [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MexCD-OprJ confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CepA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Sed beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CepS beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + JOHN beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CGB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TUS beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Rm3 family beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + subclass B3 LRA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class A LRA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + subclass B1 Bacillus anthracis Bla beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class C LRA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ampC-type beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + KHM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + DIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + NPS beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + FEZ beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class D LRA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + GOB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + THIN-B beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + L1 family beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SMB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MexAB-OprM confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MexXY-OprM confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AcrEF-TolC confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MdsABC confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SmeABC confers_resistance_to_drug_class + General Bacterial Porin with reduced permeability to beta-lactams [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Outer Membrane Porin (Opr) [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TMB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + IMP beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + GIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + BlaA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + subclass B1 Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + DHA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AQU beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CblA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + VEB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LCR beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ROB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SRT beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CTX-M beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + GES beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + KPC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PER beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TEM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SHV beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + BEL beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OXY beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OKP beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TLA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ACC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ACT beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + FOX beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MIR beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MOX beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OCH beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PDC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + VIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SHW beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Penicillin-binding protein mutations conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + NDM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + RSA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ACI beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TRU beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + BUT beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AdeIJK confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AST Beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CIA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + BAT Beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + BIL Beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CMH beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + FIM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + IDC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LMB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + YRC Beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + blaS [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PAC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ADC beta-lactamases pending classification for carbapenemase activity [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CMA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CSA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CSP beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + EC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + KLUC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LHK beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LUT beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + ORN beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + GIL beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LRG beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LUS beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + MOR beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OHIO beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PAU beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PLA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PSV beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + RAHN beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + TER beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + VHH beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + VHW beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + RSD2 beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + RUB beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SST beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + EBR beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SHD beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + VAM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + LAP beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PRC beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class A Bacillus cereus Bc beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class A Mycobacterium abscessus beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + class A Mycobacterium tuberculosis bla beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PAM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PJM beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + SSA beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + RAD beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + CAE beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + PSZ beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + Serine/threonine kinases [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + AMZ beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OXA-1-like beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OXA-10-like beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OXA-2-like beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class + OXA-22-like beta-lactamase [AMR Gene Family] confers_resistance_to_drug_class |
| Publications | Jacoby GA and Munoz-Price LS. 2005. N Engl J Med 352(4): 380-391. The new beta-lactamases. (PMID 15673804) Bradford PA. 2001. Clin Microbiol Rev 14(4): 933-951. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. (PMID 11585791) Neu HC. 1982. Ann Intern Med 97(3): 408-419. The new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins. (PMID 6810737) |