| Accession | ARO:3005067 |
| CARD Short Name | ParS |
| Definition | ParS is the sensor component of the two-component ParRS system. Alongside its counterpart ParR, it confers resistance to polycationic antibiotics though regulation of efflux pumps and porins. |
| AMR Gene Family | Outer Membrane Porin (Opr), resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump |
| Drug Class | aminoglycoside antibiotic, disinfecting agents and antiseptics, penem, phenicol antibiotic, tetracycline antibiotic, penam, cephamycin, cephalosporin, carbapenem, monobactam, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, macrolide antibiotic |
| Resistance Mechanism | reduced permeability to antibiotic, antibiotic efflux |
| Efflux Component | efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance |
| Efflux Regulator | protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux |
| Resistomes with Perfect Matches | Pseudomonas aeruginosag+wgs |
| Resistomes with Sequence Variants | Pseudomonas aeruginosag+p+wgs, Pseudomonas fluorescensg |
| Classification | 42 ontology terms | Show + process or component of antibiotic biology or chemistry + antibiotic molecule + beta-lactam antibiotic + mechanism of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic mixture + cephem + reduced permeability to antibiotic [Resistance Mechanism] + determinant of antibiotic resistance + antibiotic efflux [Resistance Mechanism] + aminoglycoside antibiotic [Drug Class] + gentamicin [Antibiotic] + disinfecting agents and antiseptics [Drug Class] + penem [Drug Class] + phenicol antibiotic [Drug Class] + protein modulating permeability to antibiotic + efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance [Efflux Component] + tetracycline antibiotic [Drug Class] + penam [Drug Class] + cephamycin [Drug Class] + cephalosporin [Drug Class] + carbapenem [Drug Class] + monobactam [Drug Class] + fluoroquinolone antibiotic [Drug Class] + macrolide antibiotic [Drug Class] + Outer Membrane Porin (Opr) [AMR Gene Family] + ofloxacin [Antibiotic] + norfloxacin [Antibiotic] + protein(s) and two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux [Efflux Regulator] + chloramphenicol [Antibiotic] + imipenem [Antibiotic] + resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump [AMR Gene Family] + meropenem [Antibiotic] + tobramycin [Antibiotic] + tetracycline [Antibiotic] + acriflavine [Antibiotic] + ciprofloxacin [Antibiotic] + gentamicin C [Antibiotic] + amikacin [Antibiotic] + erythromycin [Antibiotic] + Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD with mutation conferring resistance to imipenem + MexXY-OprM + protein of two-component regulatory system modulating antibiotic efflux |
| Parent Term(s) | 2 ontology terms | Show |
| Publications | Stover CK, et al. 2000. Nature 406(6799): 959-964. Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic pathogen. (PMID 10984043) Winsor GL, et al. 2004. Nucleic Acids Res 33(DATABASE ISSUE): D338-D343. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Genome Database and PseudoCAP: facilitating community-based, continually updated, genome annotation. (PMID 15608211) Winsor GL, et al. 2008. Nucleic Acids Res 37(DATABASE ISSUE): D483-D488. Pseudomonas Genome Database: facilitating user-friendly, comprehensive comparisons of microbial genomes. (PMID 18978025) Muller C, et al. 2011. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(3):1211-21 A two-component regulatory system interconnects resistance to polymyxins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PMID 21149619) |
Prevalence of ParS among the sequenced genomes, plasmids, and whole-genome shotgun assemblies available at NCBI or IslandViewer for 413 important pathogens (see methodological details and complete list of analyzed pathogens). Values reflect percentage of genomes, plasmids, genome islands, or whole-genome shotgun assemblies that have at least one hit to the AMR detection model. Default view includes percentages calculated based on Perfect plus Strict RGI hits. Select the checkbox to view percentages based on only Perfect matches to AMR reference sequences curated in CARD (note: this excludes resistance via mutation as references in protein variant models are often wild-type, sensitive sequences).
| Species | NCBI Chromosome | NCBI Plasmid | NCBI WGS | NCBI GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 98.47% | 0.58% | 66.78% | 0% |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | 2.78% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Model Type: protein homolog model
Model Definition: Protein Homolog Models (PHM) detect protein sequences based on their similarity to a curated reference sequence, using curated BLASTP bitscore cut-offs. Protein Homolog Models apply to all genes that confer resistance through their presence in an organism, such as the presence of a beta-lactamase gene on a plasmid. PHMs include a reference sequence and a bitscore cut-off for detection using BLASTP. A Perfect RGI match is 100% identical to the reference protein sequence along its entire length, a Strict RGI match is not identical but the bit-score of the matched sequence is greater than the curated BLASTP bit-score cutoff, Loose RGI matches have a bit-score less than the curated BLASTP bit-score cut-off.
Bit-score Cut-off (blastP): 800